Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Risks and Uncertainties Estimates and assumptions about future events and their effects on the Company cannot be determined with certainty and therefore require the exercise of judgment. The Company is not aware of any specific events or circumstances that would require the Company to update its estimates, assumptions or judgments or revise the carrying value of its assets or liabilities. The Company will update the estimates and assumptions underlying the consolidated financial statements in future periods as events and circumstances develop. Basis of Presentation The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”). Certain prior period amounts in the accompanying notes have been reclassified to conform to the current period’s presentation. Principles of Consolidation The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Segment Information The Company operates as one operating segment. The Company’s chief operating decision maker is its Chief Executive Officer, who reviews financial information presented on a consolidated basis for purposes of making operating decisions, assessing financial performance and allocating resources. Use of Estimates The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires the Company to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. On an ongoing basis, the Company evaluates its estimates, including those related to intangible assets and goodwill, useful lives of intangible assets and property and equipment, internal use software, income taxes and contingent liabilities, among others. The Company bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities. Concentration of Credit Risk and Significant Clients and Suppliers The Company’s financial instruments that are exposed to concentration of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents and accounts receivable. The Company deposits its cash primarily with two financial institutions, and accordingly, such deposits regularly exceed federally insured limits. Foreign Currency Policy The Company’s functional currency is the US Dollar, and the related gains and losses from foreign currency denominated transactions and the remeasurement of foreign currency denominated balance sheet accounts are included in other (income) expense, net in the consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income. Geographic Sources of Revenue Revenues attributable to customers outside of the United States totaled $14,484, $6,926, and $0 in the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020 respectively. No single customer accounted for more than 10% of the Company’s revenue in any of the periods presented. There were no customers that represented more than 10% and two customers that represented 40% of the Company’s accounts receivable balance as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash Certificates of deposit, money market funds and other time deposits with original maturities of three months or less are considered cash equivalents. Restricted cash consists of certificate of deposits the Company maintains in liquid capital in accordance with Arizona Revised Statutes requirements governing trust companies. See Note 18 for details regarding capital requirements. The following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash reported within the consolidated balance sheets that sum to the total of the same such amounts shown in the consolidated statements of cash flows: December 31, 2022 2021 2020 Cash and cash equivalents $ 123,274 $ 76,707 $ 70,619 Restricted cash 13,000 13,000 11,000 Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash shown in the consolidated statements of cash flows $ 136,274 $ 89,707 $ 81,619 Investment Securities The Company’s investments primarily comprise equity security investments for the Company’s rabbi trust and investment securities funds. The Company determined the appropriate classification of its investment securities at the time of purchase and reevaluates such designation at each balance sheet date. The Company has classified and accounted for its investments as available-for-sale securities as the Company may sell these securities at any time for use in its current operations or for other purposes. Available-for-sale investment securities are recorded at fair value. Unrealized holding gains and losses are reported as other (income) expense, net. Realized gains and losses from sales are determined on a specific-identification basis. Dividend and interest income are recognized when earned. Fees and Other Receivables Fee and other receivables represent service fees and advisory fees receivable, as well as miscellaneous custody fees in arrears. Fee and other receivables are recorded at the invoiced amount, net of allowances. These allowances are based on historical experience and evaluation of potential risk of loss associated with delinquent accounts. There were a $39 and $74 allowance for doubtful accounts recorded as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Fair Value Measurements The carrying amounts of the Company’s financial instruments, which include cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, accounts receivable, accounts payable, and other accrued expenses, approximate their fair values due to their relatively short maturity. The accounting guidance for fair value measurements establishes a three-tier hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in the valuation methodologies in measuring fair value as follows: • Level 1 – Observable inputs that reflect quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in active markets. • Level 2 – Inputs that are directly or indirectly observable in the marketplace. • Level 3 – Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity. As of each reporting period, all assets recorded at fair value are classified in their entirety based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. See Note 9 for more information regarding fair value measurements. Business Combinations When the Company acquires a business, management allocates the purchase price to the net tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired. Any residual purchase price is recorded as goodwill. The allocation of the purchase price requires management to make significant estimates in determining the fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed, especially with respect to intangible assets. These estimates are based on market and income approaches that include significant unobservable inputs. These estimates are inherently uncertain and unpredictable. Goodwill, Acquired Intangible Assets and Impairment of Long-Lived Assets Goodwill represents the excess purchase consideration of an acquired business over the fair value of the net tangible and identifiable intangible assets. Goodwill is evaluated for impairment annually on October 31, and whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying value of goodwill may not be recoverable. Triggering events that may indicate impairment include, but are not limited to, a significant adverse change in customer demand or business climate or a significant decrease in expected cash flows. An impairment loss is recognized to the extent that the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value. The Company has the option to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether events or circumstances indicate that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount and determine whether further action is needed. If after assessing the totality of events or circumstances, the Company determines it is not more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, then performing the two-step impairment test is unnecessary. If after assessing the totality of events or circumstances it is determined that it is more likely than not that the carrying value may exceed fair value when considering qualitative factors, a quantitative goodwill impairment evaluation is performed. No impairment charges related to goodwill were recorded during the years ended December 31, 20 2 2 , 20 2 1 and 20 20 . Indefinite-lived intangible assets are tested for impairment annually and whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying value of indefinite-lived intangible assets may not be recoverable. Triggering events that may indicate impairment include, but are not limited to, attrition of broker-dealers or enterprise customers, or changes in expected future cash flows. An impairment exists if the carrying value of the indefinite-lived intangible asset exceeds its fair value. The Company’s indefinite-lived intangible assets consist of broker-dealer relationships and enterprise distribution channel customer relationships. AssetMark’s broad array of wealth management solutions are sold to individual investors through financial advisers associated with broker-dealers. The Company has long-standing, established relationships with these broker-dealers that are expected to result in future revenue and profit. While the relationships with the broker-dealers are contractual, the agreements have no fixed expiration dates or renewal terms, and there have been no instances of terminated agreements by either side to-date. Based on the foregoing, the acquired relationships with broker-dealers are identified and valued as a discrete indefinite-lived intangible asset. Acquired indefinite-lived intangible assets also consists of enterprise distribution channel relationships with financial institutions that are expected to result in future revenue and profit. While these relationships are contractual, they have no fixed expiration date and are expected to be renewed indefinitely. No such contracts have been terminated by either side to date. No impairment charges related to indefinite-lived intangible assets were recorded during the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020. Acquired definite-lived intangible assets consist of assets resulting from the Company’s acquisitions. Acquired definite-lived intangible assets are recorded at fair value on the date of acquisition and amortized over their estimated useful lives on a straight-line basis. The carrying amounts of long-lived assets, including property and equipment, capitalized internal-use software, and acquired definite-lived intangible assets, are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of these assets may not be recoverable or that the useful life is shorter than originally estimated. Recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured by comparing the carrying amount of an asset to the future undiscounted cash flows that the assets or the asset group are expected to generate. If the carrying value of the assets are not recoverable, the impairment recognized is measured as the amount by which the carrying value exceeds its fair value. No impairment charges related to long-lived assets and acquired definite-lived intangible assets were recorded during the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020. Certain items in prior periods were adjusted to correct an immaterial error relating to the valuation of indefinite-lived intangible assets as part to the Company’s acquisition of Voyant Property and Equipment Property and equipment consist primarily of hardware, furniture and equipment and leasehold improvements. Depreciation is calculated on a straight‑line basis over the estimated useful lives of the related asset, generally three to ten years. Leasehold improvements are depreciated over the shorter of the economic useful life of the improvement or the remaining lease term. Depreciation expense for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 was $2,646, $2,406 and $2,511, respectively. The following table shows balances of major classes of depreciable assets as of the date shown: December 31, 2022 2021 Computer software and equipment $ 9,760 $ 8,445 Furniture and equipment 3,918 3,852 Leasehold improvements 7,649 5,904 Total property and equipment 21,327 18,201 Less: accumulated depreciation (12,832 ) (10,186 ) Property, plant and equipment, net $ 8,495 $ 8,015 Capitalized Internal-Use Software The Company capitalizes certain costs incurred during the application development stage in connection with software development for its platform. Costs related to the preliminary project activities and post-implementation activities are expensed as incurred. Capitalized costs are recorded as part of c apitalized software, net Capitalized internal-use software costs are amortized on a straight-line basis over the software estimated useful life, which is generally five years to nine years. The Company records amortization related to capitalized internal-use software within depreciation and amortization expense in the consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income. The Company evaluates the useful lives of these assets on an annual basis and tests for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances occur that could impact the recoverability of these assets. There were impairments of $303, $426 and $211 of internally developed software during the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Amortization expense for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 was $19,737, $28,280 and $26,934, respectively. Accumulated amortization was $136,858 and $117,424 as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Revenue Recognition The Company accounts for its revenue arrangements in accordance with FASB Topic 606 - Revenue from Contracts with Customers . The Company recognizes revenue from services related to asset-based revenue, spread-based revenue, subscription-based revenue and other revenue. • Asset-based revenue — The Company primarily derives revenue from fees assessed against customers’ assets under management or administration for services the Company provides to its customers. Such services include investment manager due diligence and research, portfolio diagnostics, proposal generation, investment model management, rebalancing and trading, portfolio performance reporting and monitoring solutions, billing, and back office and middle-office operations and custody services. Investment decisions for assets under management or administration are made by the Company’s customers. The fee arrangements are based on a percentage applied to the customers’ assets under management or administration. The performance obligation is satisfied over time because the customer is receiving and consuming the benefits as they are provided by the Company. Fees are generally calculated, billed and collected quarterly in advance on the preceding quarter-end customer asset values, and are recognized as revenue at the time the services are provided in the period. Fees related to assets under management or administration increase or decrease based on values of existing customer accounts. The values are affected by inflows or outflows of customer funds and market fluctuations. • Spread-based revenue — Spread-based revenue consists of the interest rate return earned on cash assets custodied through ATC, one of several custodians offered on the Company’s platform. ATC utilizes third-party banks to invest custodied cash and earn spread-based revenue for the Company. • Subscription-based revenue — Subscription-based revenue represents revenue recognized from subscription fee arrangements in connection with financial planning and wealth management software solutions for use as a hosted application. Subscription fees from these applications are recognized over time on a ratable basis over the customer agreement term beginning on the date the solution is made available to the customer. • Other revenue — Other revenue consists primarily of interest earned on operating cash held by the Company. The Company has applied the practical expedient to recognize the incremental costs of obtaining contracts as an expense when incurred if the amortization period would have been one year or less. These costs are included in asset-based expenses on the consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income. Asset-Based Expenses Asset-based expenses are costs incurred by the Company directly related to the generation of asset-based revenue. Fees paid to third-party strategists, investment managers, proprietary fund sub-advisers and investment advisers are calculated based on a percentage of the customers’ assets under management or administration. As a practical expedient, these costs are paid monthly and quarterly in advance on the preceding quarter-end customer asset values, and expensed as incurred over the period of time that the services are expected to be provided to customers, since the amortization of costs are in one year or less. See Note 1 2 for a breakout of these costs. Spread-Based Expenses The Company recognizes spread-based expenses when costs are incurred. Spread-based expenses relate to interest credited to customer accounts and expenses paid to AssetMark Trust’s third-party administrator for administering the custodian’s insured cash deposit program. Share-Based Compensation Share-based compensation related to stock options and stock appreciation rights issued to officers and directors is measured based on the grant date fair value of the award and is recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period. The Company uses the Black-Scholes options pricing model to estimate the fair value of stock options and stock appreciation rights. The risk-free interest rate is the U.S. Treasury Yield that corresponds with the expected term. Expected volatility is estimated based on the volatility of a group of comparable public companies. The expected term was estimated using the simplified method due to limited historical information. The Company does not expect to pay dividends on its common shares. Share-based compensation related to restricted stock awards and restricted stock units are measured on the grant date fair value of the award based on intrinsic value and are recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period. The Company accounts for forfeitures as they occur. See Note 15 for additional information related to share-based employee compensation. Operating Leases The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception. Operating leases are included in prepaid expenses and other current assets, operating lease right-of-use (“ROU”) assets, accrued liabilities and other current liabilities, and long-term portion of operating lease liabilities on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. ROU assets represent the Company’s right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent the Company’s obligations to make payments arising from the lease. Operating lease ROU assets and lease liabilities are recognized at the commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the remaining lease term. The Company uses an estimated incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at the commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments. Expense for lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. The Company has lease agreements with lease and non-lease components. The Company has elected to use the practical expedient to exclude the non-lease component from the lease for all asset classes. The majority of the Company’s lease agreements are facility leases. In certain circumstances, the Company enters into leases with free rent periods, rent escalations or lease incentives over the term of the lease. In such cases, the Company calculates the total payments over the term of the lease and records them ratably as rent expense over that term. See Note 11 for additional information related to leases. Income Taxes The Company uses the asset-and-liability method of accounting for income taxes. Under this method, the Company recognizes deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of temporary differences between the financial reporting and tax basis of assets and liabilities, as well as for operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates that are expected to apply to taxable income for the years in which those tax assets and liabilities are expected to be realized or settled. The Company records a valuation allowance to reduce its deferred tax assets to the net amount that the Company believes is more likely than not to be realized. In assessing the need for a valuation allowance, the Company has considered its historical levels of income, existence of available offsetting deferred tax liabilities, expectations of future taxable income and ongoing tax planning strategies. The Company recognizes and measure tax benefits from uncertain tax positions using a two-step approach. The first step is to evaluate the tax position taken or expected to be taken by determining if the weight of available evidence indicates that it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained in an audit, including resolution of any related appeals or litigation processes. The second step is to measure the tax benefit as the largest amount that is more than 50% likely to be realized upon ultimate settlement. Significant judgment is required to evaluate uncertain tax positions. Although the Company believes that it has adequately reserved for its uncertain tax positions, it can provide no assurance that the final tax outcome of these matters will not be materially different. The Company evaluates its uncertain tax position on a regular basis and evaluations are based on a number of factors, including changes in facts and circumstances, changes in tax law, correspondence with tax authorities during the course of an audit and effective settlement of issues. The Company follows the policy of releasing residual tax effects from accumulated other comprehensive income based on a portfolio approach, whereby the Company releases the residual tax effects only after the entire accumulated other comprehensive income adjustment has been reversed ( e.g. Net Income (Loss) per Share Basic net income (loss) per share is computed by dividing net income (loss) available to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. The computation of diluted net income (loss) per share is similar to the computation of basic net income (loss) per share, except that the denominator is increased to include the number of additional shares of common stock that would have been outstanding if dilutive potential shares of common stock had been issued. Recent Accounting Pronouncements – Issued Not Yet Adopted In August 2021, the FASB issued ASU No. 2021-08, Business Combinations Accounting for Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities from Contracts with Customers |