Revenue | The Company owns and franchises Papa Murphy’s Take ‘N’ Bake pizza stores. Revenue is recognized upon the transfer of control of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to receive for those goods or services. The following are the principal activities from which the Company earns revenue: Company-owned Stores Revenue Company-owned stores revenue consists of retail sales of food through Company-owned stores located in the United States. Company-owned stores revenue is recognized when the food items are delivered to or carried out by customers. Customer payments are generally collected at the time of sale. Sales taxes collected from customers are remitted to the appropriate taxing authority and are not recognized as revenue. Franchise Revenues The franchise arrangement between the Company and each franchise owner of a Papa Murphy’s Take ‘N’ Bake pizza store is documented in the form of a franchise agreement and, in select cases, a development agreement. The franchise arrangement requires the Company as franchisor to perform various activities to support the Papa Murphy’s Take ‘N’ Bake pizza brand and does not involve the direct transfer of goods and services to the franchise owner as a customer. Activities performed by the Company are highly interrelated with the franchise license and are considered to represent a single performance obligation, which is the transfer of the franchise license. The nature of the Company’s promise in granting the franchise license is to provide the franchise owner with access to the brand’s intellectual property over the term of the franchise arrangement. The transaction price in a standard franchise arrangement consists of (a) franchise/development fees; (b) continuing franchise fees (royalties); and (c) advertising fees. Since the Company considers the franchise license to be a single performance obligation, no allocation of the transaction price under a standard agreement is performed for revenue recognition purposes. However, if additional separate and distinct goods or services are included with a franchise arrangement and are deemed to be additional performance obligations, the total transaction price of the contract is allocated to each performance obligation based on the stand-alone selling price of each performance obligation. Franchise revenues are recognized by the Company from the following different sources: • Royalty revenues. Royalty revenues, which include advertising fees from domestic franchise stores, are based on a percentage of sales and are recognized when the food items are delivered to or carried out by customers. Payments for domestic royalties and advertising fees are generally due and collected within seven days of the prior week end date. Payments for international royalties are due and collected within 30 days of month-end. • Franchise and development fees. Franchise and development fees are paid in advance of a store opening, typically when entering into a new franchise or development agreement. Fees allocated to the franchise license are recognized as revenue on a straight-line basis over the term of each respective franchise store agreement. Initial franchise agreement terms are typically ten years while successive agreement terms are typically five years. The Company has determined that these fees, which are paid in advance of when they are recognized as revenue, do not contain a significant financing component. • E-commerce fees. E-commerce fees include point-of-sale (“ POS ”) support fees and transaction fees for purchases made through the Company’s e-commerce platform. POS support fees are due quarterly in advance and recognized as revenue over the respective quarter. Transaction fees are recognized when the food items purchased from a store are delivered to or carried out by customers and are due and collected within seven days of the prior week end date. • Vendor payments. Vendor payments are received from vendors that supply franchised and Company-owned stores with products and are typically based on the volume of product purchased by the stores. Revenues from the sale of products are recognized when product is shipped from a distribution center to a store. Payments are due and collected within 30 days after month-end. • Marketing kits. The Company charges domestic stores for marketing materials shipped to stores one to three times per quarter. These products are sold at cost and the revenues from their sale are recognized when the product is shipped by the vendors producing the kits. Payments are due and collected within 30 days of shipment. The timing of revenue recognition may differ from the timing of payment from customers. We record a receivable when revenue is recognized in advance of payment, and a contract liability (“unearned revenue”), when revenue is recognized subsequent to payment. Unearned revenue consists mainly of franchise and development fees paid in advance. A refund liability is recorded when it is known that an amount previously received will be refunded instead of recognized as revenue. The Company does not incur a significant amount of contract acquisition costs in conducting its franchising activities and has not capitalized any such costs. Revenue by Category The following series of tables present revenue disaggregated by several categories for the periods reported. Revenues by contract type were as follows: Three Months Ended October 1, 2018 (unaudited) (in thousands) Franchise Company Stores Brand Funds Total Franchise royalties $ 8,279 $ — $ 3,362 $ 11,641 Franchise fees 756 — — 756 Vendor payments — — 1,312 1,312 E-commerce fees 602 — — 602 Other franchise and brand 29 — 1,532 1,561 Company-owned stores — 12,958 — 12,958 Total revenues 9,666 12,958 6,206 28,830 Intersegment revenues 695 — 346 1,041 Reconciliation to business segment revenues $ 10,361 $ 12,958 $ 6,552 $ 29,871 Three Months Ended October 2, 2017 (as adjusted) (in thousands) Franchise Company Stores Brand Funds Total Franchise royalties $ 8,539 $ — $ 5,050 $ 13,589 Franchise fees 563 — — 563 Vendor payments — — 1,038 1,038 E-commerce fees 435 — — 435 Other franchise and brand 21 — 525 546 Company-owned stores — 17,520 — 17,520 Total revenues 9,558 17,520 6,613 33,691 Intersegment revenues 52 — 387 439 Reconciliation to business segment revenues $ 9,610 $ 17,520 $ 7,000 $ 34,130 Nine Months Ended October 1, 2018 (unaudited) (in thousands) Franchise Company Stores Brand Funds Total Franchise royalties $ 26,462 $ — $ 10,740 $ 37,202 Franchise fees 2,216 — — 2,216 Vendor payments — — 3,265 3,265 E-commerce fees 1,664 — — 1,664 Other franchise and brand 64 — 2,465 2,529 Company-owned stores — 47,519 — 47,519 Total revenues 30,406 47,519 16,470 94,395 Intersegment revenues 2,480 — 1,203 3,683 Reconciliation to business segment revenues $ 32,886 $ 47,519 $ 17,673 $ 98,078 Nine Months Ended October 2, 2017 (as adjusted) (in thousands) Franchise Company Stores Brand Funds Total Franchise royalties $ 27,674 $ — $ 16,319 $ 43,993 Franchise fees 2,101 — — 2,101 Vendor payments — — 3,493 3,493 E-commerce fees 1,421 — — 1,421 Other franchise and brand 67 — 1,886 1,953 Company-owned stores — 57,010 — 57,010 Total revenues 31,263 57,010 21,698 109,971 Intersegment revenues 169 — 1,233 1,402 Reconciliation to business segment revenues $ 31,432 $ 57,010 $ 22,931 $ 111,373 Revenues by geographic location were as follows: Three Months Ended October 1, 2018 (unaudited) (in thousands) Franchise Company Stores Brand Funds Total United States $ 9,589 $ 12,958 $ 6,206 $ 28,753 International 77 — — 77 Total revenues $ 9,666 $ 12,958 $ 6,206 $ 28,830 Three Months Ended October 2, 2017 (as adjusted) (in thousands) Franchise Company Stores Brand Funds Total United States $ 9,463 $ 17,520 $ 6,613 $ 33,596 International 95 — — 95 Total revenues $ 9,558 $ 17,520 $ 6,613 $ 33,691 Nine Months Ended October 1, 2018 (unaudited) (in thousands) Franchise Company Stores Brand Funds Total United States $ 30,168 $ 47,519 $ 16,470 $ 94,157 International 238 — — 238 Total revenues $ 30,406 $ 47,519 $ 16,470 $ 94,395 Nine Months Ended October 2, 2017 (as adjusted) (in thousands) Franchise Company Stores Brand Funds Total United States $ 30,962 $ 57,010 $ 21,698 $ 109,670 International 301 — — 301 Total revenues $ 31,263 $ 57,010 $ 21,698 $ 109,971 Contract Balances Changes in the balances of contract liabilities (unearned revenue) during the periods reported were as follows: (in thousands) Contract Liabilities Balance at January 1, 2018 $ 11,151 Revenue recognized that was included in the balance at the beginning of the period (2,129 ) Cash received, net of amounts recognized as revenue during the period 1,449 Contract refunds (305 ) Balance at October 1, 2018 $ 10,166 The Company had a refund liability of $0.5 million as of each of October 1, 2018 and January 1, 2018 . Receivables from contracts with customers included in Accounts receivable, net were $2.6 million as of October 1, 2018 and $3.8 million as of January 1, 2018 , respectively. The following table includes estimated franchise fee revenue expected to be recognized in the future related to performance obligations that were unsatisfied (or partially unsatisfied) as of October 1, 2018 (in thousands): Fiscal year 2018 $ 410 2019 1,598 2020 1,458 2021 1,299 2022 1,135 Thereafter 4,266 Total $ 10,166 |