Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies) | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2018 |
Accounting Policies [Abstract] | |
Basis of presentation | Principles of consolidation and basis of presentation These consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“ GAAP ”) and include the accounts of Papa Murphy’s Holdings, Inc., its subsidiaries, and certain entities which the Company consolidates as variable interest entities (“ VIEs ”). |
Principles of consolidation | The Company reports noncontrolling interests in consolidated entities as a component of equity separate from shareholders’ equity. All significant intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated. The Company participates in various advertising cooperatives with its franchise owners established to collect and administer funds contributed for use in advertising and promotional programs in a specific market designed to increase sales and promote the Papa Murphy’s brand. Contributions to the advertising cooperatives are required for both Company-owned and franchised stores and are generally based on a percentage of a store’s sales. The Company maintains certain variable interests in these cooperatives. As the cooperatives are required to spend all funds collected on advertising and promotional programs, total equity at risk is not sufficient to permit the cooperatives to finance their activities without additional subordinated financial support. Therefore, these cooperatives are VIEs . As a result of the Company’s voting rights exercised through Company-owned stores, the Company consolidates certain of these cooperatives for which it is the primary beneficiary. Advertising cooperative assets, consisting primarily of cash and receivables, can only be used to settle the obligations of the respective cooperative. Advertising cooperative liabilities represent the corresponding obligation arising from the receipt of the contributions to purchase advertising and promotional programs for which creditors do not have recourse to the general credit of a primary beneficiary. Therefore, the Company reports all assets and liabilities of the advertising cooperatives that it consolidates as p repaid expenses and other current assets and accrued expenses and other current liabilities , respectively, in the Consolidated Balance Sheets . Because the contributions to these advertising and marketing cooperatives are specifically designated and segregated for advertising, the Company does not reflect franchise owner contributions to these cooperatives in its Consolidated Statements of Operations or Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows . |
Fiscal year | Fiscal year The Company uses a 52- or 53-week fiscal year, ending on the Monday nearest to December 31. Fiscal years 2018 and 2017 were 52-week years. All references to years relate to fiscal periods rather than calendar periods. References to fiscal 2018 and 2017 are references to fiscal years ended December 31, 2018 and January 1, 2018 , respectively. |
Use of estimates | Use of estimates Preparing financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the Company’s consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Significant items that are subject to such estimates and assumptions include the estimation of the fair value of acquired assets and liabilities, including fixed assets, goodwill, and intangible assets and the related subsequent impairment analysis, fair value of stock based compensation, asset retirement obligations, lease guarantees, and deferred tax asset valuation allowance. Although management bases its estimates on historical experience and assumptions that are believed to be reasonable in the circumstances, actual results may differ from those estimates. |
Cash and cash equivalents | Cash and cash equivalents The Company considers all highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents. The Company maintains cash and cash equivalent balances with financial institutions that periodically exceed federally insured limits. The Company also holds limited funds, to the extent necessary, on deposit outside the United States. The Company makes such deposits with entities it believes are of high credit quality and has not incurred any losses related to these balances. Management believes its credit risk to be minimal. All credit card, debit card, and electronic benefits transfer transactions that process in less than seven days are classified as cash and cash equivalents. |
Accounts receivable | Accounts receivable Accounts receivable consist primarily of (a) amounts due from franchise owners for continuing fees that are collected weekly, (b) receivables for vendor rebates and (c) other miscellaneous receivables. Accounts receivable are stated net of an allowance for doubtful accounts determined by management through an evaluation of specific accounts, considering historical losses and existing economic conditions where relevant. |
Notes receivable | Notes receivable Notes receivable consist primarily of amounts due from sales of Company-owned stores. Management reviews the notes receivable on a periodic basis and evaluates the creditworthiness and financial condition of the counterparty to determine the appropriate allowance, if any. If the store owner does not repay the note, the Company has the contractual right to take back ownership of the store based on the underlying franchise agreement, which therefore minimizes the credit risk to the Company. |
Inventories | Inventories Inventories consist principally of food products and packaging supplies for use in Company-owned stores. Inventories are valued at the lower of cost, determined under the first-in, first-out method or net realizable value. |
Property and equipment | Assets held for sale Assets are classified as held for sale when management with the appropriate authority commits to a plan to sell the assets, the assets are available for immediate sale, the assets are actively marketed at a reasonable price, the sale is probable within a year, and certain other criteria are met. Assets held for sale consist primarily of Company-owned stores where the Company has committed to a plan to sell specific stores. Assets designated as held for sale are held at the lower of the net book value or fair value less costs to sell. There is an additional amount of assets held for sale reported in Prepaid expenses and other current assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheets (see Note 4 — Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets ). Depreciation is not charged against property and equipment classified as assets held for sale. Property and equipment Property and equipment are recorded at cost. Property and equipment are depreciated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets. Leasehold improvements are amortized using the straight-line method over the shorter of the useful lives of the assets or the related lease term, including renewal options to the extent renewals are reasonably assured, not to exceed 10 years. The estimated useful lives for property and equipment are: Property and Equipment Estimated Useful Life Leasehold improvements Shorter of lease term or estimated useful life, not to exceed 10 years Restaurant equipment and fixtures 5 to 7 years Office furniture and equipment 3 to 7 years Software 3 to 5 years Vehicles 5 years |
Deferred financing costs | Deferred financing costs Costs incurred to obtain long-term financing are accounted for as a deferred charge and amortized to interest expense over the terms of the respective debt agreements using the effective interest method. Unamortized deferred charges are recorded as a reduction from the carrying amount of the related debt liability in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets . |
Goodwill and intangible assets | Goodwill and other intangible assets Goodwill arises from business combinations and represents the excess of the purchase consideration transferred over the fair value of the net assets acquired, including identifiable intangible assets and liabilities assumed. The majority of the Company’s goodwill was generated in May 2010 when affiliates of Lee Equity Partners, LLC (“ Lee Equity ”) acquired all of the equity interests of PMI Holdings, Inc. (“ Lee Equity Acquisition ”), though the Company has also recognized goodwill upon the acquisition of stores from franchise owners. Goodwill is assigned to reporting units for purposes of impairment testing. The Company considers its trade name and trademarks to be indefinite-lived intangible assets. These assets were initially recognized in May 2010 upon the Lee Equity Acquisition . The Company’s intangible assets that are not indefinite-lived include franchise relationships and reacquired franchise rights. Goodwill and intangible assets determined to have an indefinite life are not amortized, but are tested for impairment annually, or more often if an event occurs or circumstances change that indicate an impairment might exist. Management evaluates indefinite-lived assets each reporting period to determine whether events and circumstances continue to support an indefinite useful life. Intangible assets with finite lives are amortized over their estimated useful lives on a straight-line basis and tested for impairment together with long-lived assets. In performing its annual goodwill impairment test, the Company first assesses qualitative factors to determine whether the existence of events or circumstances leads to a determination that it is not “more likely than not” that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. If the Company determines that it is more likely than not, it performs the two-step quantitative goodwill impairment test. Under the two-step quantitative goodwill impairment test, the fair value of the reporting unit is compared to its respective carrying amount, including goodwill. If the fair value exceeds the carrying amount, then no impairment exists. If the carrying amount exceeds the fair value, further analysis is performed to determine the amount of the impairment. Both the qualitative and quantitative assessments are completed separately with respect to the goodwill of each of the Company’s reporting units. The Company reviews goodwill for impairment annually, as of the first day of its fourth fiscal quarter, or more frequently if indicators of impairment exist. The Company can bypass the qualitative assessment and move directly to the quantitative assessment for any reporting unit in any period and can elect to resume performing the qualitative assessment in any subsequent period. Most of the Company’s goodwill is attributed to and tested for impairment at the Domestic Franchise segment, which is considered one reporting unit, as the segment does not have any components of a business for which discrete financial information is available and is regularly reviewed by segment management. In performing its annual impairment test for indefinite-lived intangible assets, the Company first assesses qualitatively whether it is more likely than not that the indefinite-lived intangible asset is impaired, thus necessitating a quantitative impairment test. The Company does not calculate the fair value of an indefinite-lived asset and perform the quantitative test unless it determines that it is more likely than not that the asset is impaired. The Company reviews indefinite-lived intangible assets for impairment annually, as of the first day of its fourth fiscal quarter, or more frequently if indicators of impairment exist. The Company can bypass the qualitative assessment and move directly to the quantitative assessment for any indefinite-lived intangible asset in any period and can elect to resume performing the qualitative assessment in any subsequent period. |
Impairment of long-lived assets | Impairment of long-lived assets Long-lived assets are evaluated for recoverability of the carrying amount whenever events and circumstances indicate the carrying amount of an asset may not be fully recoverable. Some of the events or changes in circumstances that would trigger an impairment review include, but are not limited to, significant under-performance relative to expected and/or historical results (such as two years of comparable store sales decrease or two years of negative operating cash flows), significant negative industry or economic trends, or knowledge of transactions involving the sale of similar property at amounts below the carrying value. Assets are grouped for recognition and measurement of impairment at the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows are largely independent of the cash flows of other assets. Typically, long-lived assets relating to Company-owned stores are tested for impairment at the level of the retail market in which they are located and long-lived assets relating to franchised operations are tested for impairment at each segment level. If the carrying amount of an asset group exceeds the estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to be generated by the asset, then an impairment charge is recognized to the extent the carrying amount exceeds the asset group’s fair value. In determining fair value, management considers current results, trends, future prospects, and other economic factors. |
Asset retirement obligations | Asset retirement obligations (“ ARO s”) ARO s are primarily associated with leasehold improvements which, at the end of a lease, the Company is obligated to remove in order to comply with certain lease agreements. At the inception of a lease with such conditions, the Company records an ARO and a corresponding capital asset in an amount equal to the estimated fair value of the obligation. Fair value is estimated based on a number of assumptions requiring management’s judgment, including store closing costs, cost inflation rates, and discount rates in effect at the time the lease is signed. Over time, the obligation is accreted to its projected future value and, upon satisfaction of the ARO conditions, any difference between the recorded liability and the actual retirement costs incurred is recognized as an operating gain or loss in the Consolidated Statements of Operations . |
Revenue recognition, other | Vendor payments. Vendor payments are received from vendors that supply franchised and Company-owned stores with products and are typically based on the volume of product purchased by the stores. Revenues from the sale of products are recognized when product is shipped from a distribution center to a store. Payments are due and collected within 30 days after month-end. E-commerce fees. E-commerce fees include point-of-sale (“ POS ”) support fees and transaction fees for purchases made through the Company’s e-commerce platform. POS support fees are due quarterly in advance and recognized as revenue over the respective quarter. Transaction fees are recognized when the food items purchased from a store are delivered to or carried out by customers and are due and collected within seven days of the prior week end date. Gift cards. The Company operates a system-wide gift card program and recognizes revenue from gift cards when a gift card is redeemed in a Company-owned store. As gift cards are redeemed by a customer, an estimate of the value of gift card balances that will be unredeemed (“ gift card breakage ”) is recognized by the Company as a contribution to the brand marketing fund described under Advertising and marketing costs below. The Company determines the gift card breakage rate based upon Company-specific historical redemption patterns. Revenue is recognized upon the transfer of control of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to receive for those goods or services. Marketing kits. The Company charges domestic stores for marketing materials shipped to stores one to three times per quarter. These products are sold at cost and the revenues from their sale are recognized when the product is shipped by the vendors producing the kits. Payments are due and collected within 30 days of shipment. |
Revenue recognition, Company-owned stores | Company-owned stores revenue consists of retail sales of food through Company-owned stores located in the United States. Company-owned stores revenue is recognized when the food items are delivered to or carried out by customers. Customer payments are generally collected at the time of sale. Sales taxes collected from customers are remitted to the appropriate taxing authority and are not recognized as revenue. |
Revenue recognition, franchise fees | Franchise and development fees. Franchise and development fees are paid in advance of a store opening, typically when entering into a new franchise or development agreement. Fees allocated to the franchise license are recognized as revenue on a straight-line basis over the term of each respective franchise store agreement. Initial franchise agreement terms are typically ten years while successive agreement terms are typically five years. The Company has determined that these fees, which are paid in advance of when they are recognized as revenue, do not contain a significant financing component. Franchise Revenues The franchise arrangement between the Company and each franchise owner of a Papa Murphy’s Take ‘N’ Bake pizza store is documented in the form of a franchise agreement and, in select cases, a development agreement. The franchise arrangement requires the Company as franchisor to perform various activities to support the Papa Murphy’s Take ‘N’ Bake pizza brand and does not involve the direct transfer of goods and services to the franchise owner as a customer. Activities performed by the Company are highly interrelated with the franchise license and are considered to represent a single performance obligation, which is the transfer of the franchise license. The nature of the Company’s promise in granting the franchise license is to provide the franchise owner with access to the brand’s intellectual property over the term of the franchise arrangement. The transaction price in a standard franchise arrangement consists of (a) franchise/development fees; (b) continuing franchise fees (royalties); and (c) advertising fees. Since the Company considers the franchise license to be a single performance obligation, no allocation of the transaction price under a standard agreement is performed for revenue recognition purposes. However, if additional separate and distinct goods or services are included with a franchise arrangement and are deemed to be additional performance obligations, the total transaction price of the contract is allocated to each performance obligation based on the stand-alone selling price of each performance obligation. |
Revenue recognition, franchise royalties | Royalty revenues. Royalty revenues, which include advertising fees from domestic franchise stores, are based on a percentage of sales and are recognized when the food items are delivered to or carried out by customers. Payments for domestic royalties and advertising fees are generally due and collected within seven days of the prior week end date. Payments for international royalties are due and collected within 30 days of month-end. |
Revenue recognition, deferred revenue | The timing of revenue recognition may differ from the timing of payment from customers. The Company records a receivable when revenue is recognized in advance of payment, and a contract liability (“unearned revenue”), when revenue is recognized subsequent to payment. Unearned revenue consists mainly of franchise and development fees paid in advance. A refund liability is recorded when it is known that an amount previously received will be refunded instead of recognized as revenue. |
Software revenue recognition | Software revenue recognition Periodically, the Company acquires point-of-sale (" POS ") software licenses in a lump sum purchase. The Company recognizes revenues for the resale of software licenses upon delivery to franchise owners to the extent collectability is probable. |
Advertising and marketing costs | Advertising and marketing costs Advertising costs, including contributions to local advertising cooperatives which are based on a percentage of sales, are expensed when incurred except for media development costs, which are expensed when the advertisement is first aired. These costs are included in store operating costs or selling, general, and administrative expenses based on the nature of the advertising and marketing costs incurred. Franchised and Company-owned stores in the United States contribute to a brand marketing fund (“ BMF ”) that the Company manages on behalf of these stores. In addition, certain suppliers contribute to the BMF . The Company is committed under its franchise and other agreements to spend revenues of the BMF on marketing, creative efforts, media support, or related purposes specified in the agreements. Contributions to the BMF are recognized as revenue, while expenditures are included in selling, general, and administrative expenses. Expenditures of the BMF are primarily amounts paid to third-parties, but may also include personnel expenses and allocated costs. At each reporting date, to the extent contributions to the BMF exceed expenditures on a cumulative basis, the excess contributions are recorded in accrued expenses in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets . While no profit is recognized on amounts received by the BMF , when expenditures exceed contributions to the BMF on a cumulative basis, income from operations and net income may be affected due to the timing of when revenues are received and expenses are incurred (see Note 19 — Brand Marketing Fund ). |
Leases | Leases The Company leases the property for its corporate headquarters, Company-owned stores, and certain office equipment. The Company is not a party to leases for franchise locations except for two locations that operate under a sublease and a few leases assigned to franchisees when stores were refranchised wherein it remains secondarily liable (see Lease guarantees below). The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception. Operating leases are included in operating lease right-of-use (" ROU ") assets, current portion of operating lease liabilities, and operating lease liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets . The Company currently has no finance leases. ROU assets and operating lease liabilities are recognized based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term at commencement date. Because most of the Company’s leases do not provide an implicit rate of return, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments. Operating lease ROU assets also exclude lease incentives received. The Company has lease agreements with lease and non-lease components, which are accounted for separately. For certain equipment leases, such as copiers, the Company accounts for the lease and non-lease components as a single lease component. Lease expense for lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Lease terms for Company-owned stores are generally five years with one or more five-year renewal options and generally require the Company to pay a proportionate share of real estate taxes, insurance, common area, and other operating costs in addition to a base or fixed rent. The Company’s leases have remaining lease terms of 0.6 to 9.9 years . For purposes of calculating operating lease liabilities, lease terms may be deemed to include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise that option. Economic performance of a store is the primary factor used to estimate whether an option to extend a lease term will be exercised or not. |
Lease guarantees | Lease guarantees On occasion, the Company becomes a guarantor for certain operating leases when it sells a Company-owned store or a store under construction by the Company. The guarantee obligation is initially measured as the fair value of the guarantee, which is recorded as a liability. The Company recognizes its release from risk as a guarantor as the lease obligation is settled over the remaining lease term. In addition, throughout the guarantee period, the Company records a reserve when any loss becomes probable in connection with such lease guarantee. |
Income taxes | Income taxes The Company accounts for income taxes using the asset and liability approach. This requires the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of temporary differences between the financial statement and the tax basis of assets and liabilities at the applicable tax rates. A valuation allowance is recorded against deferred tax assets if, based on available evidence, it is more likely than not that some or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The effect of uncertain tax positions would be recorded in the consolidated financial statements only after determining a more likely than not probability that the uncertain tax positions would withstand an examination by tax authorities based on the technical merits of the position. The tax benefit to be recognized is measured as the largest amount of benefit that is greater than fifty percent likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement. As facts and circumstances change, management reassesses these probabilities and would record any changes in the financial statements as appropriate. |
Share-based compensation | Share-based compensation The Company awards equity compensation under the Company’s 2010 Amended Management Incentive Plan (“ 2010 Plan ”) and 2014 Management Incentive Plan (“ 2014 Plan ”), consisting of stock option and restricted stock awards. Restricted stock and stock option awards typically vest based on the achievement of a time-vesting or a market condition. Compensation expense relating to restricted stock with time-vesting conditions is recognized for the portion of the grant date fair value that exceeds any purchase price paid for the stock. This expense is recognized over the requisite service period, typically the vesting period, utilizing the straight-line attribution method. The fair value of time-vesting stock option awards is estimated on the grant date using a Black-Scholes-Merton option-pricing model. Compensation expense relating to stock option awards is recognized for the grant date fair value. The fair value of stock options that contain a market condition is estimated on the grant date using a Monte Carlo valuation method, which utilizes multiple input variables to determine the probability of the Company achieving the market condition and the fair value of the award. The risk-free interest rate is based on the estimated effective life and is estimated based on U.S. Treasury Yield Curve rates. Since the Company has limited relevant option exercise experience, the expected term is based on a simplified method calculation and the expected volatility is based on the historical volatility of the share price of a group of peer companies. Compensation expense relating to stock option awards is recognized for the grant date fair value. This expense is recognized over the requisite service period, typically the vesting period, utilizing the straight-line attribution method. |
Business combinations | Business Combinations The Company accounts for business combinations under the acquisition method of accounting, recording any assets acquired and liabilities assumed based upon their respective fair values. Any excess of the fair value of purchase consideration over the fair value of the assets acquired less liabilities assumed is recorded as goodwill. The Company uses management estimates based on historically similar transactions to assist in establishing the acquisition date fair values of assets acquired, liabilities assumed, and contingent consideration granted, if any. These estimates and valuations require the Company to make significant assumptions, including projections of future events and operating performance. |
Internal use software | Internal use software Expenditures for major software purchases and software developed for internal use are capitalized and amortized over the useful life of the software ( three to five years) on a straight-line basis. The Company’s policy provides for the capitalization of external direct costs of materials and services associated with developing or obtaining internal-use computer software. Costs associated with preliminary project stage activities, training, maintenance, and all other post-implementation stage activities are expensed as incurred. |
Recent issued accounting standards | Recently Adopted Accounting Standards Revenue from Contracts with Customers The Company adopted ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) (“ ASU 2014-09 ”) as of January 2, 2018. The Company adopted the new standard using the full retrospective method and elected applicable practical expedients on adoption. Accordingly, previously reported financial information has been restated to reflect the application of the new standard to all comparative periods presented. Adoption of ASU 2014-09 had a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements . The most significant impacts relate to the: (i) accounting for franchise and development fees, and (ii) accounting for the Company’s advertising fund (" BMF ") and Convention Fund (with the BMF , the “ Brand Funds ”). Specifically, under the new standard the Company recognizes franchise fees ratably over the life of the contract rather than at the time the store is opened or a successive contract commences. Revenue related to the Company’s franchise royalties, which are based on a percentage of franchise sales, and revenue from Company-owned stores remain substantially unchanged. The Company has determined that ASU 2014-09 requires a gross presentation on the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Operations for revenues and related expenses of the Brand Funds. These funds exist solely for the purpose of promoting the Papa Murphy’s brand in the U.S. While this change materially affects the gross amount of reported revenues and expenses, the effect generally is an offsetting increase to both revenues and expenses with no net effect on reported Operating Income (Loss) and Net Income (Loss) . Refer to Impacts to Reported Results below for more detailed effects of adoption on the Company’s financial statements and refer to Note 12 — Revenue for more information on its accounting for revenue. Leases The Company early adopted ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) (“ ASU 2016-02 ”) as of January 2, 2018, concurrent with the adoption of the new revenue standard. The Company adopted this standard using the modified retrospective approach and elected the available practical expedients on adoption. Accordingly, previously reported financial information has been restated to reflect the application of the new standard to all comparative periods presented. Adoption of the new standard has had a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements . The most significant impacts related to the (i) recognition of ROU assets and lease liabilities for operating leases, and (ii) changes in occupancy costs and impairment losses related to prior year store closures and impairments. ROU assets represent the Company’s right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent the Company’s obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. A loss is recognized when the ROU asset is impaired in connection with the impairment of a store’s assets due to economic or other factors. Refer to Impacts to Reported Results below for more detailed effects of adoption on the Company’s financial statements and refer to Note 13 — Leases for more information on its accounting for leases. Other standards adopted In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 320) (“ ASU 2016-15 ”), which clarifies the presentation of certain cash receipts and cash payments in the statement of cash flows. The Company adopted the standard on January 2, 2018. Adoption of the new standard did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. Recent Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-04, Intangibles-Goodwill and Other: Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment (“ ASU 2017-04 ”). The new standard simplifies how an entity measures goodwill impairment by removing the second step of the two-step quantitative goodwill impairment test. An entity will no longer perform a hypothetical purchase price allocation to measure goodwill impairment. Instead, impairment will be measured at the amount by which the carrying value exceeds the fair value of a reporting unit; however, the loss recognized should not exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. An entity still has the option to perform a qualitative assessment of whether it is more-likely-than-not that a reporting unit’s fair value is less than its carrying amount. ASU 2017-04 requires prospective adoption and is effective for the annual or any interim goodwill impairment tests in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, with early adoption permitted. The Company is still evaluating the impact of ASU 2017-04 on its financial position and results of operations. In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-15 Intangibles-Goodwill and Other-Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Customer’s Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That Is a Service Contract (“ ASU 2018-15 ”) which aligns the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs in cloud computing arrangements with the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred to develop or obtain internal-use software. ASU 2018-15 is effective for annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2019, with early adoption permitted. Companies can choose to adopt the new guidance prospectively or retrospectively. The Company is still evaluating the impact of ASU 2018-15 on its financial position and results of operations. Impacts to Reported Results Adoption of the standards related to revenue recognition and leases affected the Company’s previously reported results as follows: Fiscal 2017 Income Statement (in thousands, except earnings per share) As Reported New Revenue Standard Adjustment New Lease Standard Adjustment As Adjusted Total revenues (1) $ 118,661 $ 29,847 $ — $ 148,508 Store operating costs 72,927 (1,570 ) (1,181 ) 70,176 Selling, general, and administrative (1) 33,869 30,737 (42 ) 64,565 Loss on disposal or impairment of property and equipment 15,680 — 2,680 18,360 (Benefit from) provision for income taxes (19,543 ) 1,416 (383 ) (18,509 ) Net loss (8 ) (736 ) (1,074 ) (1,818 ) Diluted earnings (loss) per share 0.00 (0.04 ) (0.07 ) (0.11 ) (1) Recognition of advertising revenue and expense on a gross basis instead of a net basis by the Brand Funds comprised $29.2 million of the revenue adjustment and $30.7 million of the expense adjustment under the revenue standard. The revenue adjustment due to the change in method of recognizing franchise and development fees was $0.7 million . Balance Sheet as of January 1, 2018 (in thousands) As Reported New Revenue Standard Adjustment New Lease Standard Adjustment As Adjusted Prepaid expenses and other current assets $ 2,671 $ — $ (390 ) $ 2,281 Operating lease right of use assets — — 16,331 16,331 Unearned franchise and development fees 1,702 9,899 — 11,601 Accrued expenses and other current liabilities 13,139 (507 ) (250 ) 12,382 Lease liabilities — — 19,678 19,678 Deferred tax liability, net 24,457 (2,319 ) (313 ) 21,825 Other long-term liabilities 3,922 — (2,218 ) 1,704 Accumulated deficit (18,613 ) (7,073 ) (956 ) (26,642 ) Adoption of the standard related to revenue recognition did not materially affect cash from or used in operating, financing, or investing cash flows on the Company’s consolidated cash flows statements. |