Financial Assets and Liabilities | Financial Assets and Liabilities Financial Instruments Measured at Fair Value The fair value of equities, options, on-the-run U.S. government obligations and exchange traded notes is estimated using recently executed transactions and market price quotations in active markets and are categorized as Level 1 with the exception of inactively traded equities and certain other financial instruments, which are categorized as Level 2. The Company’s corporate bonds, derivative contracts and other U.S. and non-U.S. government obligations have been categorized as Level 2. Fair value of the Company’s derivative contracts is based on the indicative prices obtained from a number of banks and broker-dealers, as well as management’s own analyses. The indicative prices have been independently validated through the Company’s risk management systems, which are designed to check prices with information independently obtained from exchanges and venues where such financial instruments are listed or to compare prices of similar instruments with similar maturities for listed financial futures in foreign exchange. The Company prices certain financial instruments held for trading at fair value based on theoretical prices, which can differ from quoted market prices. The theoretical prices reflect price adjustments primarily caused by the fact that the Company continuously prices its financial instruments based on all available information. This information includes prices for identical and near-identical positions, as well as the prices for securities underlying the Company’s positions, on other exchanges that are open after the exchange on which the financial instruments is traded closes. The Company validates that all price adjustments can be substantiated with market inputs and checks the theoretical prices independently. Consequently, such financial instruments are classified as Level 2. Fair value measurements for those items measured on a recurring basis are summarized below as of September 30, 2022: September 30, 2022 (in thousands) Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) Counterparty and Cash Collateral Netting Total Fair Value Assets Financial instruments owned, at fair value: Equity securities $ 796,702 $ 1,811,674 $ — $ — $ 2,608,376 U.S. and Non-U.S. government obligations 214,954 391,065 — — 606,019 Corporate Bonds — 461,459 — — 461,459 Exchange traded notes 1,297 22,390 — — 23,687 Currency forwards — 934,577 — (901,228) 33,349 Options 13,545 — — — 13,545 $ 1,026,498 $ 3,621,165 $ — $ (901,228) $ 3,746,435 Financial instruments owned, pledged as collateral: Equity securities $ 687,201 $ 357,608 $ — $ — $ 1,044,809 Exchange traded notes 10 12,094 — — 12,104 $ 687,211 $ 369,702 $ — $ — $ 1,056,913 Other Assets Equity investment $ — $ — $ 71,625 $ — $ 71,625 Exchange stock 2,392 — — — 2,392 $ 2,392 $ — $ 71,625 $ — $ 74,017 Receivables from broker dealers and clearing organizations: Interest rate swap $ — $ 88,346 $ — $ — $ 88,346 Liabilities Financial instruments sold, not yet purchased, at fair value: Equity securities $ 1,243,747 $ 1,170,786 $ — $ — $ 2,414,533 U.S. and Non-U.S. government obligations 434,940 521,265 — — 956,205 Corporate Bonds — 801,664 — — 801,664 Exchange traded notes — 11,707 — — 11,707 Currency forwards — 872,912 — (872,912) — Options 15,729 — — — 15,729 $ 1,694,416 $ 3,378,334 $ — $ (872,912) $ 4,199,838 Fair value measurements for those items measured on a recurring basis are summarized below as of December 31, 2021: December 31, 2021 (in thousands) Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) Counterparty and Cash Collateral Netting Total Fair Value Assets Financial instruments owned, at fair value: Equity securities $ 572,567 $ 1,700,470 $ — $ — $ 2,273,037 U.S. and Non-U.S. government obligations 337,350 18,519 — — 355,869 Corporate Bonds — 598,944 — — 598,944 Exchange traded notes 10 2,459 — — 2,469 Currency forwards — 206,258 — (206,125) 133 Options 8,543 — — — 8,543 $ 918,470 $ 2,526,650 $ — $ (206,125) $ 3,238,995 Financial instruments owned, pledged as collateral: Equity securities $ 670,277 $ 342,292 $ — $ — $ 1,012,569 Exchange traded notes — 5,391 — — 5,391 $ 670,277 $ 347,683 $ — $ — $ 1,017,960 Other Assets Equity investment $ — $ — $ 81,358 $ — $ 81,358 Exchange stock 3,020 — — — 3,020 $ 3,020 $ — $ 81,358 $ — $ 84,378 Liabilities Financial instruments sold, not yet purchased, at fair value: Equity securities $ 1,482,386 $ 807,631 $ — $ — $ 2,290,017 U.S. and Non-U.S. government obligations 330,765 9,955 — — 340,720 Corporate Bonds — 851,871 — — 851,871 Exchange traded notes — 22,962 — — 22,962 Currency forwards — 208,357 — (208,356) 1 Options 5,208 — — — 5,208 $ 1,818,359 $ 1,900,776 $ — $ (208,356) $ 3,510,779 Payables to broker dealers and clearing organizations: Interest rate swap $ — $ 21,037 $ — $ — $ 21,037 JNX Investment The Company has a minority investment (the “JNX Investment”) in Japannext Co., Ltd. (“JNX”), formerly known as SBI Japannext Co., Ltd., a proprietary trading system based in Tokyo. In connection with the JNX Investment, the Company issued the SBI Bonds (as described in Note 8 "Borrowings") and used the proceeds to partially finance the transaction. The JNX Investment is included within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. As of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the fair value of the JNX Investment was determined using a weighted average of valuations using 1) the discounted cash flow method, an income approach; 2) a market approach based on average enterprise value/EBITDA ratios of comparable companies; and to a lesser extent 3) a transaction approach based on transaction values of comparable companies. The fair value measurement is highly sensitive to significant changes in the unobservable inputs, and significant increases (decreases) in discount rate or decreases (increases) in enterprise value/EBITDA multiples would result in a significantly lower (higher) fair value measurement. The table below presents information on the valuation techniques, significant unobservable inputs and their ranges for the JNX Investment: September 30, 2022 (in thousands) Fair Value Valuation Technique Significant Unobservable Input Range Weighted Average Equity investment $ 71,625 Discounted cash flow Estimated revenue growth (3.7)% - 5.0% 3.1 % Discount rate 15.5% - 15.5% 15.5 % Market Future enterprise value/ EBIDTA ratio 1.8x - 21.0x 12.4x December 31, 2021 (in thousands) Fair Value Valuation Technique Significant Unobservable Input Range Weighted Average Equity investment $ 81,358 Discounted cash flow Estimated revenue growth 2.5% - 32.6% 10.6 % Discount rate 14.4% - 14.4% 14.4 % Market Future enterprise value/ EBIDTA ratio 8.7x - 21.1x 14.0x Changes in the fair value of the JNX Investment are included within Other, net in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income. The following presents the changes in the Company's Level 3 financial instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis: Three Months Ended September 30, 2022 (in thousands) Balance at June 30, 2022 Purchases Total Realized and Unrealized Gains / (Losses) (1) Net Transfers into (out of) Level 3 Settlement Balance at September 30, 2022 Change in Net Unrealized Gains / (Losses) on Investments still held at September 30, 2022 Assets Other assets: Equity investment $ 77,562 $ — $ (5,937) $ — $ — $ 71,625 $ (5,937) Total $ 77,562 $ — $ (5,937) $ — $ — $ 71,625 $ (5,937) (1) Total realized and unrealized gains/(losses) includes gains and losses due to fluctuations in currency rates as well as gains and losses recognized on changes in the fair value of the JNX Investment. Three Months Ended September 30, 2021 (in thousands) Balance at June 30, 2021 Purchases Total Realized and Unrealized Gains / (Losses) (1) Net Transfers into (out of) Level 3 Settlement Balance at September 30, 2021 Change in Net Unrealized Gains / (Losses) on Investments still held at September 30, 2021 Assets Other assets: Equity investment $ 78,313 $ — $ 7,004 $ — $ — $ 85,317 $ 7,004 Total $ 78,313 $ — $ 7,004 $ — $ — $ 85,317 $ 7,004 (1) Total realized and unrealized gains/(losses) includes gains and losses due to fluctuations in currency rates as well as gains and losses recognized on changes in the fair value of the JNX Investment. Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022 (in thousands) Balance at December 31, 2021 Purchases Total Realized and Unrealized Gains / (Losses) (1) Net Transfers into (out of) Level 3 Settlement Balance at September 30, 2022 Change in Net Unrealized Gains / (Losses) on Investments still held at September 30, 2022 Assets Other assets: Equity investment $ 81,358 $ — $ (9,733) $ — $ — $ 71,625 $ (9,733) Total $ 81,358 $ — $ (9,733) $ — $ — $ 71,625 $ (9,733) (1) Total realized and unrealized gains/(losses) includes gains and losses due to fluctuations in currency rates as well as gains and losses recognized on changes in the fair value of the JNX Investment. Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021 (in thousands) Balance at December 31, 2020 Purchases Total Realized and Unrealized Gains / (Losses) (1) Net Transfers into (out of) Level 3 Settlement Balance at September 30, 2021 Change in Net Unrealized Gains / (Losses) on Investments still held at September 30, 2021 Assets Other assets: Equity investment $ 66,030 $ — $ 19,287 $ — $ — $ 85,317 $ 19,287 Total $ 66,030 $ — $ 19,287 $ — $ — $ 85,317 $ 19,287 (1) Total realized and unrealized gains/(losses) includes gains and losses due to fluctuations in currency rates as well as gains and losses recognized on changes in the fair value of the JNX Investment. Financial Instruments Not Measured at Fair Value The table below presents the carrying value, fair value and fair value hierarchy category of certain financial instruments that are not measured at fair value on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. The table below excludes non-financial assets and liabilities. The carrying value of financial instruments not measured at fair value categorized in the fair value hierarchy as Level 1 and Level 2 approximates fair value due to the relatively short-term nature of the underlying assets. The fair value of the Company’s long-term borrowings is based on quoted prices from the market for similar instruments, and is categorized as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy. The table below summarizes financial assets and liabilities not carried at fair value on a recurring basis as of September 30, 2022: September 30, 2022 Carrying Value Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets Significant Other Observable Inputs Significant Unobservable Inputs (in thousands) Fair Value (Level 1) (Level 2) (Level 3) Assets Cash and cash equivalents $ 836,298 $ 836,298 $ 836,298 $ — $ — Cash restricted or segregated under regulations and other 54,149 54,149 54,149 — — Securities borrowed 1,264,550 1,264,550 — 1,264,550 — Securities purchased under agreements to resell 46,674 46,674 — 46,674 — Receivables from broker-dealers and clearing organizations 1,426,697 1,426,697 — 1,426,697 — Receivables from customers 247,492 247,492 — 247,492 — Other assets (1) 25,183 25,183 — 25,183 — Total Assets $ 3,901,043 $ 3,901,043 $ 890,447 $ 3,010,596 $ — Liabilities Short-term borrowings $ 167,450 $ 168,000 $ — $ 168,000 $ — Long-term borrowings 1,792,063 1,756,681 — 1,756,681 — Securities loaned 988,969 988,969 — 988,969 — Securities sold under agreements to repurchase 446,078 446,078 — 446,078 — Payables to broker-dealers and clearing organizations 680,530 680,530 — 680,530 — Payables to customers 96,931 96,931 — 96,931 — Other liabilities (2) 19,258 19,258 — 19,258 — Total Liabilities $ 4,191,279 $ 4,156,447 $ — $ 4,156,447 $ — (1) Includes cash collateral and deposits, and interest and dividends receivables. (2) Includes deposits, interest and dividends payable. The table below summarizes financial assets and liabilities not carried at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2021: December 31, 2021 Carrying Value Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets Significant Other Observable Inputs Significant Unobservable Inputs (in thousands) Fair Value (Level 1) (Level 2) (Level 3) Assets Cash and cash equivalents $ 1,071,463 $ 1,071,463 $ 1,071,463 $ — $ — Cash restricted or segregated under regulations and other 49,490 49,490 49,490 — — Securities borrowed 1,349,322 1,349,322 — 1,349,322 — Securities purchased under agreements to resell 119,453 119,453 — 119,453 — Receivables from broker-dealers and clearing organizations 1,026,807 1,026,807 (24,037) 1,050,844 — Receivables from customers 146,476 146,476 — 146,476 — Other assets (1) 20,266 20,266 — 20,266 — Total Assets $ 3,783,277 $ 3,783,277 $ 1,096,916 $ 2,686,361 $ — Liabilities Short-term borrowings 61,510 63,046 — 63,046 — Long-term borrowings 1,605,132 1,628,497 — 1,628,497 — Securities loaned 1,142,048 1,142,048 — 1,142,048 — Securities sold under agreements to repurchase 514,325 514,325 — 514,325 — Payables to broker dealer and clearing organizations (2) 571,526 571,526 235 571,291 — Payables to customers 54,999 54,999 — 54,999 — Other liabilities (3) 9,414 9,414 — 9,414 — Total Liabilities $ 3,958,954 $ 3,983,855 $ 235 $ 3,983,620 $ — (1) Includes cash collateral and deposits, and interest and dividends receivables. (2) Payables to broker-dealers and clearing organizations include interest rate swaps carried at fair value. (3) Includes deposits, interest and dividends payable. Offsetting of Financial Assets and Liabilities The Company does not net securities borrowed and securities loaned, or securities purchased under agreements to resell and securities sold under agreements to repurchase. These financial instruments are presented on a gross basis in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. In the tables below, the amounts of financial instruments owned that are not offset in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition, but could be netted against financial liabilities with specific counterparties under legally enforceable master netting agreements in the event of default, are presented to provide financial statement readers with the Company’s estimate of its net exposure to counterparties for these financial instruments. The following tables set forth the gross and net presentation of certain financial assets and financial liabilities as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021: September 30, 2022 Gross Amounts of Recognized Assets Amounts Offset in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Financial Condition Net Amounts of Assets Presented in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition Amounts Not Offset in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition (in thousands) Financial Instrument Collateral Counterparty Netting/ Cash Collateral Net Amount Offsetting of Financial Assets: Securities borrowed $ 1,264,550 $ — $ 1,264,550 $ (1,218,529) $ (11,067) $ 34,954 Securities purchased under agreements to resell 46,674 — 46,674 (46,572) — 102 Trading assets, at fair value: Currency forwards 934,577 (901,228) 33,349 — — 33,349 Options 13,545 — 13,545 — (13,545) — Total $ 2,259,346 $ (901,228) $ 1,358,118 $ (1,265,101) $ (24,612) $ 68,405 Gross Amounts of Recognized Liabilities Amounts Offset in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Financial Condition Net Amounts of Liabilities Presented in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Condition Amounts Not Offset in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition (in thousands) Financial Instruments Counterparty Netting/ Cash Collateral Net Amount Offsetting of Financial Liabilities: Securities loaned $ 988,969 $ — $ 988,969 $ (956,846) $ (13,635) $ 18,488 Securities sold under agreements to repurchase 446,078 — 446,078 (445,977) — 101 Payable to broker-dealers and clearing organizations Interest rate swaps — — — — — — Trading liabilities, at fair value: Currency forwards 872,912 (872,912) — — — — Options 15,729 — 15,729 — (13,545) 2,184 Total $ 2,323,688 $ (872,912) $ 1,450,776 $ (1,402,823) $ (27,180) $ 20,773 December 31, 2021 Gross Amounts of Recognized Assets Amounts Offset in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Financial Condition Net Amounts of Assets Presented in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition Amounts Not Offset in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition (in thousands) Financial Instrument Collateral Counterparty Netting/ Cash Collateral Net Amount Offsetting of Financial Assets: Securities borrowed $ 1,349,322 $ — $ 1,349,322 $ (1,299,270) $ (5,054) $ 44,998 Securities purchased under agreements to resell 119,453 — 119,453 (119,453) — — Trading assets, at fair value: Currency forwards 206,258 (206,125) 133 — — 133 Options 8,543 — 8,543 — (5,208) 3,335 Total $ 1,683,576 $ (206,125) $ 1,477,451 $ (1,418,723) $ (10,262) $ 48,466 Gross Amounts of Recognized Assets Amounts Offset in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Financial Condition Net Amounts of Assets Presented in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition Amounts Not Offset in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition (in thousands) Financial Instrument Collateral Counterparty Netting/ Cash Collateral Net Amount Offsetting of Financial Liabilities: Securities loaned $ 1,142,048 $ — $ 1,142,048 $ (1,107,688) $ (17,272) $ 17,088 Securities sold under agreements to repurchase 514,325 — 514,325 (514,325) — — Interest rate swaps 21,037 — 21,037 — — 21,037 Trading liabilities, at fair value: Currency forwards 208,357 (208,356) 1 — — 1 Options 5,208 — 5,208 — (5,208) — Total $ 1,890,975 $ (208,356) $ 1,682,619 $ (1,622,013) $ (22,480) $ 38,126 The following table presents gross obligations for securities sold under agreements to repurchase and for securities lending transactions by remaining contractual maturity and the class of collateral pledged: September 30, 2022 Remaining Contractual Maturity (in thousands) Overnight and Continuous Less than 30 days 30 - 60 61 - 90 Greater than 90 Total Securities sold under agreements to repurchase: Equity securities $ — $ 190,000 $ 50,000 $ 50,000 $ 110,000 $ 400,000 U.S. and Non-U.S. government obligations 46,078 — — — 46,078 Total $ 46,078 $ 190,000 $ 50,000 $ 50,000 $ 110,000 $ 446,078 Securities loaned: Equity securities $ 988,969 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 988,969 Total $ 988,969 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 988,969 December 31, 2021 Remaining Contractual Maturity (in thousands) Overnight and Continuous Less than 30 days 30 - 60 61 - 90 Greater than 90 Total Securities sold under agreements to repurchase: Equity securities $ — $ 140,000 $ 50,000 $ 210,000 $ — $ 400,000 U.S. and Non-U.S. government obligations 114,325 — — — — 114,325 Total $ 114,325 $ 140,000 $ 50,000 $ 210,000 $ — $ 514,325 Securities loaned: Equity securities 1,142,048 — — — — 1,142,048 Total $ 1,142,048 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 1,142,048 |