Stock-based Compensation | 8. Stock-based Compensation In October 2020, the Company’s shareholders approved the Company’s 2020 Incentive Award Plan (“2020 Plan”). The 2020 Plan initially provided for the issuance of up to 7,924,000 shares of the Company's common stock and for the grant of incentive stock options or other incentive awards to employees, officers, directors and consultants of the Company. The number of shares of the Company's common stock that may be issued under the 2020 Plan is also subject to increase on the first day of each calendar year equal to the lesser of i) 5 % of the aggregate number of shares of the Company's common stock outstanding on the final day of the immediately preceding calendar year or ii) such smaller number of shares as is determined by the board of directors. Through December 31, 2023, the shares available under the plan had increased by 12,450,364 shares since the inception of the 2020 Plan. In January 2024, the shares of the Company’s common stock available under the 2020 Plan increased by 4,171,775 shares. As of June 30, 2024, 5,370,429 shares of the Company’s common stock were available for future issuance under the 2020 Plan. The 2020 Plan replaced and is the successor of the Company’s 2013 Equity Incentive Plan, as amended (“2013 Plan”). Upon any cancellation of outstanding option awards to purchase shares of the Company's common stock under the 2013 Plan, such shares will be made available for grant under the 2020 Plan. Restricted Stock Units Durin g the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, the Company granted 177,600 and 1,126,100 restricted stock units to employees and directors un der the 2020 Plan with an aggregate grant date fair market value of $ 611 and $ 4,557 , respectively. The restricted stock unit awards vest in three annual installments. Below is the activity related to restricted stock units for the six months ended June 30, 2024. Number of Weighted Average Outstanding at January 1, 2024 2,337,517 $ 4.69 Granted 1,126,100 $ 4.05 Released ( 927,932 ) $ 4.65 Cancelled ( 12,633 ) $ 4.62 Unvested shares at June 30, 2024 2,523,052 $ 4.42 As of June 30, 2024, total unrecognized compensation expense related to restricted stock units was $ 9,158 , which amount is being recognized over a remaining weighted average period of 1.9 years. Performance-based Restricted Stock Units As of December 31, 2023 the Company had 724,970 performance-based restricted stock units (“2022 PSUs”) outstanding. The 2022 PSUs provide for a performance period from February 1, 2022 through January 31, 2025 to achieve up to six defined performance metrics. The percentage of 2022 PSUs eligible to vest will be determined based on the number of metrics achieved during the performance period and may range from 0 % to 200 %. The Company has not recognized any compensation expense through June 30, 2024, as achievement of the minimum performance criteria had not been deemed probable. The vesting of any eligible 2022 PSUs will occur in equal installments on January 31, 2025 and January 31, 2026. During the six months ended June 30, 2024, the Company granted 1,057,900 performance-based restricted stock units (“2024 PSUs”) to employees with an aggregate grant date fair value of $ 4,401 . The 2024 PSUs provide for a performance period from February 1, 2024 through January 31, 2027 to achieve up to four defined metrics. The percentage of 2024 PSUs eligible to vest will be determined based on the number of metrics achieved during the performance period and may range from 0 % to 200 %. As of June 30, 2024 one metric was deemed probable of achievement resulting in expense recognition of 50 % of the grant date value of the 2024 PSUs. Compensation expense is being recognized from the grant date through the final vest date of January 31, 2027. The Company recorded compensation expense of $ 183 and $ 303 for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024. The following table summarizes the activity related to performance-based restricted stock units for the six months ended June 30, 2024. Number of Weighted Average Outstanding at January 1, 2024 724,970 $ 7.14 Granted 1,057,900 $ 4.16 Released — $ — Cancelled — $ — Unvested shares at June 30, 2024 1,782,870 $ 5.37 Stock Options The following table summarizes stock option activity for the six months ended June 30, 2024. Number of Weighted Weighted Aggregate Outstanding at January 1, 2024 17,017,319 $ 15.30 7.1 $ 5,080 Granted 3,179,550 $ 4.10 Exercised — $ — Cancelled ( 38,867 ) $ 13.10 Outstanding at June 30, 2024 20,158,002 $ 13.54 7.1 $ 5,958 Vested and expected to vest at June 30, 2024 20,158,002 $ 13.54 7.1 $ 5,958 Vested and exercisable at June 30, 2024 13,094,578 $ 16.33 6.2 $ 5,937 During the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 the Company granted 247,200 and 3,179,550 stock options with an aggregate grant date fair value of $ 555 and $ 9,539 , respectively. The aggregate intrinsic value of stock options is calculated as the difference between the exercise price of the stock options and the estimated fair value of the Company’s common stock for those stock options that had exercise prices lower than the fair value of the Company’s common stock. Stock options generally vest over a service period of four years after grant and have a contractual term of ten years . As of June 30, 2024, total unrecognized compensation expense related to stock option awards was $ 42,058 , which amount is being recognized over a remaining weighted average period of 2.4 years. Employee Stock Purchase Plan In October 2020, the Company’s shareholders approved the Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“ESPP”), which became effective upon the closing of the Company’s initial public offering (“IPO”) in November 2020. The Company initially reserved a total of 1,187,000 shares of the Company’s common stock for issuance under the ESPP. The ESPP provides that the number of shares reserved and available for issuance under the ESPP will be increased on January 1 of each calendar year by 1 % of the number of shares of the Company’s common stock issued and outstanding on the immediately preceding December 31 or such lesser amount as specified by the board of directors. Through December 31, 2022, there was no increase in the number of shares reserved for issuance under the ESPP. In January 2023 and January 2024, the number of shares of the Company’s common stock available for issuance under the ESPP was increased by 832,876 shares and 834,355 shares, respectively. As of June 30, 2024, 2,672,701 shares of the Company’s common stock were available for issuance under the ESPP. Under the ESPP, the Company issued 58,555 shares of the Company's common stock for proceeds of $ 150 during the six months ended June 30, 2024. Stock-based Compensation Expense Stock-based compensation expense by award type included within the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss was as follows: Three Months Ended Six Months Ended 2024 2023 2024 2023 Stock options $ 11,131 $ 11,417 $ 22,272 $ 23,297 Restricted stock units 1,372 903 2,662 1,503 Performance-based stock units 183 — 303 — Employee stock purchase plan 34 33 69 88 Total stock-based compensation expense $ 12,720 $ 12,353 $ 25,306 $ 24,888 Stock-based compensation expense is classified as follows: Three Months Ended Six Months Ended 2024 2023 2024 2023 Research and development expense $ 6,073 $ 5,545 $ 12,054 $ 11,473 General and administrative 6,647 6,808 13,252 13,415 Total stock-based compensation expense $ 12,720 $ 12,353 $ 25,306 $ 24,888 |