Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation The Company’s consolidated financial statements were prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”). The accompanying consolidated financial statements include all wholly-owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated. The consolidated statements of operations include the results of entities acquired from the dates of the acquisitions for accounting purposes. Use of Estimates The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make certain estimates, judgments and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the related disclosures at the date of the financial statements, as well as the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the periods presented. Estimates include revenue recognition, the allowance for doubtful accounts, website and internal-use software development costs, goodwill, depreciable lives of property and equipment, recoverability of intangible assets with finite lives and other long-lived assets and stock-based compensation. To the extent there are material differences between these estimates, judgments or assumptions and actual results, the Company’s consolidated financial statements will be affected. In many cases, the accounting treatment of a particular transaction is specifically dictated by GAAP and does not require management’s judgment in its application. Cash and Cash Equivalents Cash includes demand deposits with banks or financial institutions. Cash equivalents include short-term, highly liquid investments that are both readily convertible to known amounts of cash, and that are so near their maturity that they present minimal risk of changes in value because of changes in interest rates. The Company’s cash equivalents include only investments with original maturities of three months or less. The Company regularly maintains cash in excess of federally insured limits at financial institutions. Marketable Securities Marketable securities consist primarily of commercial paper and investment grade U.S. and non-U.S.-issued corporate and U.S. government agency debt securities. The Company invests in a diversified portfolio of marketable securities and limits the concentration of its investment in any particular security. Marketable securities with original maturities of three months or less are included in cash and cash equivalents and marketable securities with original maturities greater than three months, but less than one year, are included in short term investments on the consolidated balance sheets. The Company determines the classification of its marketable securities as available-for-sale or held-to-maturity at the time of purchase and reassesses these determinations at each balance sheet date. Debt securities are classified as held-to-maturity when the Company has the intent to hold the securities to maturity. Held-to-maturity securities are stated at amortized cost and are periodically assessed for other-than-temporary impairment. The amortized cost of debt securities is adjusted for the amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts to maturity, which is recognized as interest income within general and administrative expense in the consolidated statements of operations. Interest income is recognized when earned. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss Accumulated other comprehensive loss consists of foreign currency translation adjustments. The financial statements of the Company’s U.K. subsidiary are translated from their functional currency into U.S. dollars. Assets and liabilities are translated at period end rates of exchange, and revenue and expenses are translated using average rates of exchange. The resulting gain or loss is included in accumulated other comprehensive loss on the consolidated balance sheets. Property and Equipment, Net Property and equipment is recorded at cost and depreciated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the related assets. The useful lives are as follows: Computer equipment 2-3 years Delivery equipment 1.5 years Furniture and fixtures 5 years Developed software 1-3 years Purchased software 3-5 years Leasehold improvements Shorter of expected useful life or lease term The Company reduced the estimated useful life on certain developed and purchased software and computer equipment assets to coincide with the migration of nearly all of the Seamless consumer diner traffic to a new web and mobile platform during the second quarter of 2015 (see Note 7, “ Property and Equipment” Maintenance and repair costs are charged to expense as incurred. Major improvements, which extend the useful life of the related asset, are capitalized. Upon disposal of a fixed asset, the Company records a gain or loss based on the difference between the proceeds received and the net book value of the disposed asset. Accounts Receivable, Net Accounts receivable primarily represent the net cash due from the Company’s payment processor for cleared transactions and amounts owed from corporate customers. The carrying amount of the Company’s receivables is reduced by an allowance for doubtful accounts that reflects management’s best estimate of amounts that will not be collected. These uncollected amounts are generally not recovered from the restaurants. The allowance is recorded through a charge to bad debt expense which is recorded within general and administrative expense in the consolidated statements of operations. The allowance is based on historical loss experience and any specific risks identified in collection matters. Management provides for probable uncollectible amounts through a charge against bad debt expense and a credit to an allowance based on its assessment of the current status of individual accounts. Balances still outstanding after management has used reasonable collection efforts are written off against the allowance. The Company does not charge interest on trade receivables. The Company incurs expenses for uncollected credit card receivables (or “chargebacks”), including fraudulent orders, when a diner’s card is authorized but fails to process, and for other unpaid credit card receivables, as well as uncollected accounts receivable from the Company’s corporate customers. The majority of the Company’s chargeback expense is recorded directly to general and administrative expense in the consolidated statements of operations as the charges are incurred; however, a portion of the allowance for doubtful accounts includes a reserve for chargebacks on the net cash due from the Company’s payment processors as of the end of the period. Changes in the Company’s allowance for doubtful accounts for the periods presented were as follows: Year Ended December 31, 2015 2014 Balance at beginning of period $ 723 $ 510 Additions to expense 850 426 Writeoffs, net of recoveries and other adjustments (614 ) (213 ) Balance at end of period $ 959 $ 723 Advertising Costs Advertising costs are generally expensed as incurred in connection with the requisite service period. Certain advertising production costs are capitalized and expensed when the advertisement first takes place. For the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, expenses attributable to advertising totaled approximately $64.4 million, $45.9 million and $25.0 million, respectively. Advertising costs are recorded in sales and marketing expense on the Company’s consolidated statements of operations. Stock-Based Compensation The Company measures compensation expense for all stock-based awards, including stock options, restricted stock units and restricted stock awards, at fair value on the date of grant and recognizes compensation expense over the service period on a straight-line basis for awards expected to vest. The Company uses the Black-Scholes option-pricing model to determine the fair value for stock options. In valuing the Company’s options, the Company makes assumptions about risk-free interest rates, dividend yields, volatility and weighted-average expected lives, including estimated forfeiture rates. Risk-free interest rates are derived from U.S. Treasury securities as of the option grant date. Expected dividend yield is based on the Company’s historical dividend payments, which have been zero to date. As the Company did not have public trading history for its common shares until April of 2014, the expected volatility for the Company’s common stock is estimated using a combination of the published historical and implied volatilities of industry peers representing the verticals in which the Company operates and the historical volatility of the Company’s own common stock. The Company estimates the weighted-average expected life of the options as the average of the vesting option schedule and the term of the award, since the Company does not have sufficient historical exercise data to provide a reasonable basis upon which to estimate expected term due to the limited period of time stock-based awards have been exercisable. The term of the award is estimated using the simplified method. Forfeiture rates are estimated using historical actual forfeiture trends as well as the Company’s judgment of future forfeitures. These rates are evaluated quarterly and any change in compensation expense is recognized in the period of the change. The estimation of stock awards that will ultimately vest requires judgment, and to the extent actual results or updated estimates differ from the Company’s current estimates, such amounts will be recorded as a cumulative adjustment in the period the estimates are revised. The Company considers many factors when estimating expected forfeitures, including the types of awards and employee class. Actual results, and future changes in estimates, may differ substantially from management’s current estimates. The Company has elected to use the with-and-without method in determining the order in which tax attributes are utilized. As a result, the Company will only recognize a tax benefit for stock-based awards in additional paid-in capital if an incremental tax benefit is realized after all other tax attributes available to the Company have been utilized. See Note 9, “Stock-Based Compensation” for further discussion. Provision for Income Taxes The provision for income taxes is determined using the asset and liability method. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are calculated based upon the temporary differences between the financial statement and income tax bases of assets and liabilities using the enacted tax rates that are applicable in a given year. The Company utilizes a two-step approach to recognizing and measuring uncertain tax positions (“tax contingencies”). The first step is to evaluate the tax position for recognition by determining if the weight of available evidence indicates it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained on audit, including resolution of related appeals or litigation processes. The second step is to measure the tax benefit as the largest amount which is more than 50% likely to be realized upon ultimate settlement. The Company considers many factors when evaluating and estimating its tax positions and tax benefits, which may require periodic adjustments and which may not accurately forecast actual outcomes. The Company includes interest and penalties related to tax contingencies in the provision for income taxes in the consolidated statements of operations. See Note 10, “ Income Taxes Seamless North America, LLC became a partnership for tax purposes in June of 2011. The income tax consequences of a partnership are borne by its partners. The tax consequences of this partnership were borne by Aramark Holdings Corporation (“Aramark”) and SLW Investors, LLC from June of 2011 through October 29, 2012. Starting October 30, 2012, 74% of the partnership’s taxable income was reflected as taxable income at Seamless Holdings, a subsidiary of Grubhub Inc. Starting on August 9, 2013, 100% of the partnership’s taxable income was recognized as taxable income by the Company. If Seamless North America, LLC had been taxed as a C corporation for all of its earnings throughout 2013, the tax expense recorded in these consolidated statements of operations would have increased by $0.9 million. Intangible Assets Intangible assets with finite useful lives are amortized using the straight-line method over their useful lives and are reviewed for impairment. The Company evaluates intangible assets and other long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or circumstances indicate that they may not be recoverable, or at least annually. Recoverability is measured by comparing the carrying amount of an asset group to the future undiscounted net cash flows expected to be generated by that asset group. If this comparison indicates impairment, the amount of impairment to be recognized is calculated as the difference between the carrying value and the fair value of the asset group, generally measured by discounting estimated future cash flows. There were no impairment indicators present during the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 or 2013. Website and Software Development Costs The costs incurred in the preliminary stages of website and software development are expensed as incurred. Once an application has reached the development stage, internal and external costs, if direct and incremental and deemed by management to be significant, are capitalized and amortized on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful life of the application. Maintenance and enhancement costs, including those costs in the post-implementation stages, are typically expensed as incurred, unless such costs relate to substantial upgrades and enhancements to the website or software that result in added functionality, in which case the costs are capitalized and amortized on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives. Amortization expense related to capitalized website and software development costs is included in depreciation and amortization in the consolidated statements of operations. The Company capitalized $8.0 million, $3.6 million and $2.6 million of website development costs during the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. Goodwill Goodwill represents the excess of the cost of an acquired business over the fair value of the assets acquired at the date of acquisition. Absent any special circumstances that could require an interim test, the Company has elected to test for goodwill impairment at September 30 of each year. The Company tests for impairment using a two-step process. The first step of the goodwill impairment test identifies if there is potential goodwill impairment. If step one indicates that an impairment may exist, a second step is performed to measure the amount of the goodwill impairment, if any, by comparing the implied fair value of goodwill with the carrying amount. If the implied fair value of goodwill is less than the carrying amount, a write-down is recorded. The Company determined there was no goodwill impairment during the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 or 2013. Fair Value Accounting standards define fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. The standards also establish a fair value hierarchy, which requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. See Note 14, “Fair Value Measurement,” Concentration of Credit Risk Financial instruments which potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist principally of accounts receivable. For the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, the Company had no customers which accounted for more than 1% of revenue or 10% of accounts receivable. Revenue Recognition In general, the Company recognizes revenue when (i) persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, (ii) delivery has occurred or services have been rendered to the customer, (iii) the fee is fixed or determinable and (iv) collectability is reasonably assured. The Company considers a signed agreement, a binding contract with the restaurant or other similar documentation reflecting the terms and conditions under which products or services will be provided to be persuasive evidence of an arrangement. The Company generates revenues primarily when diners place an order on the platform through its mobile applications, its websites, third-party websites that incorporate API or one of the Company’s listed phone numbers. Restaurants pay a commission, typically a percentage of the transaction, on orders that are processed through the platform. Most of the restaurants on the platform can choose their level of commission rate, at or above a base rate, to affect their relative priority in the sorting algorithms, with restaurants paying higher commission rates generally appearing higher in the search order than restaurants paying lower commission rates. Additionally, restaurants that use the Company’s delivery services pay an additional commission for the use of those services. As an agent of the merchant in the transaction, the Company recognizes as revenues only the commissions from the transaction, which are a percentage of the total Gross Food Sales for such transaction. The Company periodically provides incentive offers to restaurants and diners to use the platform. These promotions are generally cash credits to be applied against purchases. These incentive offers are recorded as reductions in revenues, generally on the date the corresponding revenue is recorded. Revenues from online and phone delivery orders are recognized when these orders are placed at the restaurants. The amount of revenue recorded by the Company is based on the contractual arrangement with the related restaurant, and is adjusted for any cash credits, including incentive offers provided to restaurants and diners, related to the transaction. The Company also recognizes as revenue any fees charged to the diner for delivery services provided by the Company. Although the Company will process the entire amount of the transaction with the diner, it will record revenue on a net basis because the Company is acting as an agent of the merchant in the transaction. The Company will record an amount representing the restaurant food liability for the net balance due the restaurant. Costs incurred for processing the transactions and providing delivery services are included in operations and support in the consolidated statements of operations. Deferred Rent For the Company’s operating leases, the Company recognizes rent expenses on a straight-line basis over the terms of the leases. Accordingly, the Company records the difference between cash rent payments and the recognition of rent expenses as a deferred rent liability in the consolidated balance sheets. The Company has landlord-funded leasehold improvements that are recorded as tenant allowances which are being amortized as a reduction of rent expense over the noncancelable terms of the operating leases. Segments The Company has one reportable segment, which has been identified based on how the chief operating decision maker manages the business, makes operating decisions and evaluates operating performance. Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements In November 2015, Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2015-17, “Income Taxes – Balance Sheet Classification of Deferred Taxes” (“ASU 2015-17”). The purpose of the standard is to simplify the presentation of deferred taxes on a classified balance sheet. Under current GAAP, deferred income tax assets and liabilities are separated into current and noncurrent amounts in the balance sheet. The amendments in ASU 2015-17 require that all deferred tax assets and liabilities be classified as noncurrent in the balance sheet. The ASU is effective beginning in the first quarter of 2017, but with early adoption permitted and may be applied either prospectively or retrospectively. The Company has elected to early adopt ASU 2015-17 on a retrospective basis effective in the fourth quarter of 2015. The adoption of ASU 2015-17 impacted the presentation of the Company’s deferred tax assets and liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets and certain disclosures, but did not have an impact on results of operations or cash flows. See Note 10, “Income Taxes” for further details. In September 2015, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2015-16, “Business Combinations (Topic 805): Simplifying the Accounting for Measurement-Period Adjustments” (“ASU 2015-16”), which eliminates the requirement to account for adjustments identified during the measurement-period in a business combination retrospectively. Instead, the acquirer must recognize measurement-period adjustments during the period in which they are identified, including the effect on earnings of any amounts that would have been recorded in previous periods had the purchase accounting been completed at the acquisition date. ASU 2015-16 will be effective for the Company in the first quarter of 2016 with early adoption permitted. The adoption of ASU 2015-16 is expected to eliminate costs related to retrospective application of any measurement-period adjustments that may be identified, but otherwise is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows. In April 2015, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2015-05, “Intangibles -Goodwill and Other – Internal Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Customer’s Accounting for Fees Paid in a Cloud Computing Arrangement” (“ASU 2015-05”), which provides guidance on accounting for fees paid in a cloud computing arrangement. Under ASU 2015-05, if a cloud computing arrangement includes a software license, the software license element should be accounted for consistent with the purchase of other software licenses. If the cloud computing arrangement does not include a software license, it should be accounted for as a service contract. ASU 2015-05 will be effective for the Company in the first quarter of 2016 and may be applied either prospectively or retrospectively. The Company has elected to apply ASU 2015-05 prospectively; however, its adoption is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows. In May 2014, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606)” (“ASU 2014-09”) , which supersedes the revenue recognition requirements in Topic 605, Revenue Recognition, including most industry-specific requirements. ASU 2014-09 establishes a five-step revenue recognition process in which an entity will recognize revenue when it transfers promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. ASU 2014-09 also requires enhanced disclosures regarding the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenues and cash flows from contracts with customers. In August 2015, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2015-14, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Deferral of the Effective Date”, which defers the effective date of ASU 2014-09 by one year. ASU 2014-09 will be effective for the Company in the first quarter of 2018. Management is currently evaluating the impact the adoption of ASU 2014-09 will have on the . |