Significant Accounting Policies | 3. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES A summary of the significant accounting policies followed by the Company in the preparation of the financial statements is as follows: Use of Estimates The process of preparing financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of assets and liabilities at the date of financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates and changes in estimates may occur. The most significant estimates are related to stock based compensation and the accrual of research and clinical obligations. Cash and Cash Equivalents The Company considers only those investments which are highly liquid, readily convertible to cash, and that mature within three months from date of purchase to be cash equivalents. Marketable investments are those with original maturities in excess of three months. At June 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, cash equivalents were comprised of money market funds. The Company had no marketable investments at June 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015. Cash and cash equivalents consist of the following: June 30 2016 December 31, 2015 Cash $ 35,217 $ 255,943 Money market funds 21,989,790 12,082,332 $ 22,025,007 $ 12,338,275 Restricted Cash Restricted cash as of June 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015 was $36,375 due to a stand-by letter of credit issued in favor of a landlord (See Note 5). Financial Instruments The carrying amounts reported in the consolidated balance sheet for cash and cash equivalents and accounts payable approximate fair value based on the short-term nature of these instruments. The carrying values of loans payable approximate their fair value due to their market terms. Property and Equipment The estimated life for the Companys property and equipment is as follows: three years for computer hardware and software and three to five years for office furniture and equipment. The Companys leasehold improvements and assets under capital lease are amortized over the life of the respective leases. See Note 4 for details of property and equipment and Note 5 for operating and capital lease commitments. Research and Development Expenses and Collaborative Research Agreements Costs incurred for research and development are expensed as incurred. For amounts received under the development award received from the CFFT during 2015 (See Note 13), the Company is amortizing these amounts on a straight-line basis over the expected duration of the performance period of the development program under the award, which is expected to conclude in the first quarter of 2017. Accruals for Research and Development Expenses and Clinical Trials As part of the process of preparing its financial statements, the Company is required to estimate its expenses resulting from its obligations under contracts with vendors, clinical research organizations and consultants and under clinical site agreements in connection with conducting clinical trials. The financial terms of these contracts are subject to negotiations, which vary from contract to contract and may result in payment terms that do not match the periods over which materials or services are provided under such contracts. The Companys objective is to reflect the appropriate expenses in its financial statements by matching those expenses with the period in which services are performed and efforts are expended. The Company accounts for these expenses according to the timing of various aspects of the expenses. The Company determines accrual estimates through financial models taking into account discussion with applicable personnel and outside service providers as to the progress of clinical trials, or the services completed. During the course of a clinical trial, the Company adjusts its clinical expense recognition if actual results differ from its estimates. The Company makes estimates of its accrued expenses as of each balance sheet date based on the facts and circumstances known to it at that time. The Companys clinical trial accruals are dependent upon the timely and accurate reporting of contract research organizations and other third-party vendors. Although the Company does not expect its estimates to be materially different from amounts actually incurred, its understanding of the status and timing of services performed relative to the actual status and timing of services performed may vary and may result in it reporting amounts that are too high or too low for any particular period. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, there were no material adjustments to the Companys prior period estimates of accrued expenses for clinical trials. Concentrations of Credit Risk The Company has no significant off-balance-sheet concentration of credit risk such as foreign exchange contracts, option contracts or other hedging arrangements. The Company may from time to time have cash in banks in excess of Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation insurance limits. Segment Information Operating segments are identified as components of an enterprise about which separate discrete financial information is available for evaluation by the chief operating decision maker, or decision making group, in making decisions regarding resource allocation and assessing performance. To date, the Company has viewed its operations and manages its business as principally one operating segment, which is developing and commercializing therapeutics to treat rare life-threating, inflammatory fibrotic diseases. As of June 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, all of the Companys assets were located in the United States. Income Taxes For federal and state income taxes, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized based upon temporary differences between the financial statement and the tax basis of assets and liabilities. Deferred income taxes are based upon prescribed rates and enacted laws applicable to periods in which differences are expected to reverse. A valuation allowance is recorded to reduce a net deferred tax benefit when it is more likely than not that the tax benefit from the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Accordingly, given the cumulative losses since inception, the Company has provided a valuation allowance equal to 100% of the tax benefit in order to eliminate the deferred tax assets amounts. Tax positions taken or expected to be taken in the course of preparing the Companys tax returns are required to be evaluated to determine whether the tax positions are more-likely-than-not of being sustained by the applicable tax authority. Tax positions not deemed to meet a more-likely-than-not threshold, as well as accrued interest and penalties, if any, would be recorded as a tax expense in the current year. There were no uncertain tax positions that require accrual or disclosure to the financial statements as of June 30, 2016 or December 31, 2015. Impairment of Long-lived Assets The Company continually monitors events and changes in circumstances that could indicate that carrying amounts of long-lived assets may not be recoverable. An impairment loss is recognized when expected cash flows are less than an assets carrying value. Accordingly, when indicators of impairment are present, the Company evaluates the carrying value of such assets in relation to the operating performance and future undiscounted cash flows of the underlying assets. The Companys policy is to record an impairment loss when it is determined that the carrying value of the asset may not be recoverable. No impairment charges were recorded for the three and six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015. Share-based Payments The Company recognizes compensation costs resulting from the issuance of stock-based awards to employees, non-employees and directors as an expense in the statement of operations over the service period based on a measurement of fair value for each stock-based award. The fair value of each option grant is estimated as of the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. The fair value is amortized as compensation cost on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period of the awards, which is generally the vesting period. Stock options granted to non-employee consultants are revalued at the end of each reporting period until vested and the changes in their fair value are recorded as adjustments to expense over the related vesting period. Net Loss Per Common Share Basic net loss per share of the Companys common stock has been computed by dividing net loss by the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period. Diluted net loss per share of the Companys common stock has been computed by dividing net loss for the period by the weighted average number of shares outstanding plus the dilutive effect, if any, of outstanding stock options, warrants and convertible securities. In a net loss period, options, warrants and convertible securities are anti-dilutive and therefore are excluded from diluted loss per share calculations. The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share for the three and six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015: Three Months Ended June 30 Six Months Ended June 30 2016 2015 2016 2015 Basic and diluted net loss per share of common stock: Net loss $ (4,189,391 ) $ (2,562,541 ) $ (7,081,632 ) $ (4,098,259 ) Net loss applicable to common stockholders $ (4,189,391 ) $ (2,562,541 ) $ (7,081,632 ) $ (4,098,259 ) Weighted average shares of common stock outstanding 38,748,452 26,901,100 38,176,831 26,434,174 Net loss per share of common stock-basic and diluted $ (0.11 ) $ (0.10 ) $ (0.19 ) $ (0.16 ) The following potentially dilutive securities outstanding at June 30, 2016 and 2015 have been excluded from the computation of dilutive weighted average shares outstanding as the inclusion would be anti-dilutive. June 30, 2016 2015 Warrants 1,964,250 8,896,848 Stock options 5,362,621 3,716,170 Total 7,326,871 12,613,018 Recent Accounting Pronouncements Accounting for Share-Based Payments In June 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2014-12, Accounting for Share-Based Payments When the Terms of an Award Provide That a Performance Target Could Be Achieved after the Requisite Service Period (a consensus of the FASB Emerging Issues Task Force) Reporting of Going-Concern Uncertainties In August 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-15, Presentation of Financial StatementsGoing Concern , Accounting for Leases In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU Leases (Topic 842) . Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting On March 30, 2016, the FASB issued ASU CompensationStock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting . |