Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Basis of Accounting The accompanying consolidated financial statements of the Company included herein were prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and with the instructions to this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. The information furnished includes all adjustments and accruals of a normal recurring nature, which, in the opinion of management, are necessary for a fair statement of results for the interim periods. The results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, are not necessarily indicative of the results for the entire year or any subsequent interim period. These consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto as of and for the year ended December 31, 2022, which are included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on March 16, 2023. Except for those required by new accounting pronouncements discussed below, there have been no significant changes to the Company’s significant accounting policies during the three months ended March 31, 2023. Principles of Consolidation The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company, the OP and its subsidiaries. All inter-company accounts and transactions are eliminated in consolidation. In determining whether the Company has a controlling financial interest in a joint venture and the requirement to consolidate the accounts of that entity, management considers factors such as ownership interest, authority to make decisions and contractual and substantive participating rights of the other partners or members as well as whether the entity is a variable interest entity (“VIE”) for which the Company is the primary beneficiary. Substantially all of the Company’s assets and liabilities are held by the OP. The Company has determined the OP is a VIE of which the Company is the primary beneficiary. Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Management makes significant estimates regarding revenue recognition, purchase price allocations to record investments in real estate, and fair value measurements, as applicable. Non-controlling Interests The non-controlling interests represent the portion of the equity in the OP that is not owned by the Company. Under the multi-year outperformance agreement with the Advisor (the “2020 OPP”), the OP issued a class of units of limited partnership (“LTIP Units”) during 2020, which are reflected as part of non-controlling interest as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (see Note 7 - Stockholders’ Equity and Note 11 - Equity-Based Compensation for additional information). Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires the Company to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. During the first quarter of 2020, the global COVID-19 pandemic commenced. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic evolved rapidly and resulted in a decrease in economic activity. One of the hardest hit locations, New York City, is where all of the Company’s properties are located. Some of the Company’s tenants operate businesses that require in-person interactions, such as retail stores, gyms, fitness studios and parking garages. Measures such as “shelter-in-place” or “stay-at-home” orders issued by relevant governmental authorities for much of 2020 and early part of 2021 required social distancing measures and resulted in the closure and limitations on the operations of many businesses, during the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2021. While these orders were lifted on March 7, 2022 in New York City, it is possible that continued limitations on indoor occupancy or other restrictions applicable to in-person operations may be re-instituted in the future along with other steps such as mandatory vaccination as rates of infection increase, including other potentially more contagious variants of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The Company considered the impact of COVID-19 on the assumptions and estimates underlying its consolidated financial statements and believes the estimates and assumptions are reasonable and supportable based on the information available as of March 31, 2023. However, given the rapid evolution of the COVID-19 pandemic and the global response to curb its spread, these estimates and assumptions as of March 31, 2023 are inherently less certain than they would be absent the actual and potential impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. Actual results may ultimately differ from those estimates. The financial stability and overall health of tenants is critical to the Company’s business. The negative effects of the global pandemic did impact the ability of some of the Company’s tenants to pay their monthly rent during 2020 and 2021, which in some cases led to breaches of certain debt covenants, some of which are still in effect (see below). However, with the exception of one minor lease deferral during the third quarter of 2022, which was unrelated to the impact of COVID-19, the trend of tenants not paying monthly rent did not continue during 2022 or in the first quarter of 2023. The Company took a proactive approach to achieve mutually agreeable solutions with some of its tenants and in some cases, during 2020 and 2021, the Company executed different types of lease amendments with multiple tenants which included deferrals, abatements, extensions to the term of the leases, and in one instance, a reduction of the lease term. Currently, the Company’s properties remain accessible to all tenants, and even as operating restrictions have expired, not all tenants have resumed in person operations. In addition, Knotel, Inc. (“Knotel”), which was a tenant at the Company’s 123 William Street and 9 Times Square properties, declared bankruptcy in early 2021 and its leases with the Company were terminated. Management has re-leased a portion of the vacant space formerly occupied by Knotel at its 123 William Street building, and other previously vacant space at 123 William Street, and is working on securing additional new leases to replace Knotel’s former space at it 9 Times Square building as or March 31, 2023. There can be no assurance, however, that the Company will be able to lease all or any portion of the currently vacant space at any property on acceptable or favorable terms, or at all. As a result of the financial difficulties of some of the Company’s tenants during 2020 and 2021, as described above, the Company has had breaches of debt covenants on mortgages secured by its 9 Times Square, 1140 Avenue of Americas, Laurel/Riverside and 8713 Fifth Avenue properties under the non-recourse mortgages for those properties. These breaches caused cash trap events, where operating cash flow from the property after debt service was held in restricted cash as additional collateral for the loan, that continued through the first quarter of 2023 (except for the 9 Times Square and Laurel/Riverside properties), but were not events of default. Currently, the Company is no longer in breach of the covenants for the Laurel/Riverside property or for its 9 Times Square property. The Company remains in breach of the 1140 Avenue of the Americas and 8713 Fifth Avenue loans as of March 31, 2023. See Note 4 — Mortgage Notes Payable, Net for further details regarding the current status, as of March 31, 2023, of the debt covenants under the mortgages secured by these properties. For accounting purposes, in accordance with ASC 842: Leases, normally a company would be required to assess a lease modification to determine if the lease modification should be treated as a separate lease and if not, modification accounting would be applied which would require a company to reassess the classification of the lease (including leases for which the prior classification under ASC 840 was retained as part of the election to apply the package of practical expedients allowed upon the adoption of ASC 842, which does not apply to leases subsequently modified). However, in light of the COVID-19 pandemic in which many leases are being modified, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) and U.S Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) have provided relief that allows companies to make a policy election as to whether they treat COVID-19 related lease amendments as a provision included in the pre-concession arrangement, and therefore, not a lease modification, or to treat the lease amendment as a modification. In order to be considered COVID-19 related, cash flows must be substantially the same or less than those prior to the concession. For COVID-19 relief qualified changes, there are two methods to potentially account for such rent deferrals or abatements under the relief, (1) as if the changes were originally contemplated in the lease contract or (2) as if the deferred payments are variable lease payments contained in the lease contract. For all other lease changes that did not qualify for FASB relief, the Company would be required to apply modification accounting including assessing classification under ASC 842. Some, but not all of the Company’s lease modifications qualify for the FASB relief. In accordance with the relief provisions, instead of treating these qualifying leases as modifications, the Company has elected to treat the modifications as if previously contained in the lease and recast rents receivable prospectively (if necessary). Under that accounting, for modifications that were deferrals only, there would be no impact on overall rental revenue and for any abatement amounts that reduced total rent to be received, the impact would be recognized ratably over the remaining life of the lease. For leases not qualifying for this relief, the Company applied modification accounting and determined that there were no changes in the current classification of its leases impacted by negotiations with its tenants. Revenue Recognition The Company’s revenues, which are derived primarily from lease contracts, include rents that each tenant pays in accordance with the terms of each lease reported on a straight-line basis over the initial term of the lease. As of March 31, 2023, these leases had a weighted-average remaining lease ter m of 7.0 years . B ecause many of the Company’s leases provide for rental increases at specified intervals, straight-line basis accounting requires that the Company record a receivable for, and include in revenue from tenants, unbilled rent receivables that the Company will receive if the tenant makes all rent payments required through the expiration of the initial term of the lease. When the Company acquires a property, the acquisition date is considered to be the commencement date for purposes of this calculation. For new leases after acquisition, the commencement date is considered to be the date the tenant takes control of the space. For lease modifications, the commencement date is considered to be the date the lease modification is executed. The Company defers the revenue related to lease payments received from tenants in advance of their due dates. Pursuant to certain of the Company’s lease agreements, tenants are required to reimburse the Company for certain property operating expenses (recorded in total revenue from tenants), in addition to paying base rent, whereas under certain other lease agreements, the tenants are directly responsible for all operating costs of the respective properties. To the extent such costs exceed the applicable tenant’s base year, many but not all of the Company’s leases require the tenant to pay its allocable share of increases in operating expenses, which may include common area maintenance costs, real estate taxes and insurance. Under ASC 842, the Company has elected to report combined lease and non-lease components in a single line “Revenue from tenants.” For expenses paid directly by the tenant, under both ASC 842 and 840, the Company has reflected them on a net basis. The Company continually reviews receivables related to rent and unbilled rents receivable and determines collectability by taking into consideration the tenant’s payment history, the financial condition of the tenant, business conditions in the industry in which the tenant operates and economic conditions in the area in which the property is located. Under the leasing standard, the Company is required to assess, based on credit risk, if it is probable that the Company will collect virtually all of the lease payments at the lease commencement date and it must continue to reassess collectability periodically thereafter based on new facts and circumstances affecting the credit risk of the tenant. In fiscal year ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively, this assessment included consideration of the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Company’s tenant’s ability to pay rents in accordance with their contracts. Partial reserves, or the ability to assume partial recovery are no longer permitted. If the Company determines that it is probable that it will collect virtually all of the lease payments (base rent and additional rent), the lease will continue to be accounted for on an accrual basis (i.e. straight-line). However, if the Company determines it is not probable that it will collect virtually all of the lease payments, the lease will be accounted for on a cash basis and the straight-line rent receivable accrued will be written off, as well as any accounts receivable, where it was subsequently concluded that collection was not probable. Cost recoveries from tenants are included in operating revenue from tenants in accordance with current accounting rules, on the accompanying consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss in the period the related costs are incurred, as applicable. In accordance with lease accounting rules the Company records uncollectible amounts as reductions in revenue from tenants. During the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company had no such reductions in revenue which excludes rents from tenants on a cash basis not collected. Accounting for Leases Lessor Accounting In accordance with the lease accounting standard, all leases as lessor prior to adoption were accounted for as operating leases. The Company evaluates new leases originated after the adoption date (by the Company or by a predecessor lessor/owner) pursuant to the new guidance where a lease for some or all of a building is classified by a lessor as a sales-type lease if the significant risks and rewards of ownership reside with the tenant. This situation is met if, among other things, there is an automatic transfer of title during the lease, a bargain purchase option, the non-cancelable lease term is for more than major part of remaining economic useful life of the asset (e.g., equal to or greater than 75%), the present value of the minimum lease payments represents substantially all (e.g., equal to or greater than 90%) of the leased property’s fair value at lease inception, or the asset so specialized in nature that it provides no alternative use to the lessor (and therefore would not provide any future value to the lessor) after the lease term. Further, such new leases are evaluated to consider whether they would be failed sale-leaseback transactions and accounted for as financing transactions by the lessor. For the three year period ended December 31, 2022, the Company did not have any leases as a lessor that would be considered as sales-type leases or financings under sale-leaseback rules. As a lessor of real estate, the Company has elected, by class of underlying assets, to account for lease and non-lease components (such as tenant reimbursements of property operating expenses) as a single lease component as an operating lease because (a) the non-lease components have the same timing and pattern of transfer as the associated lease component; and (b) the lease component, if accounted for separately, would be classified as an operating lease. Additionally, only incremental direct leasing costs may be capitalized under the accounting guidance. Indirect leasing costs in connection with new or extended tenant leases, if any, are being expensed. Lessee Accounting For lessees, the accounting standard requires the application of a dual lease classification approach, classifying leases as either operating or finance leases based on the principle of whether or not the lease is effectively a financed purchase by the lessee. Lease expense for operating leases is recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease, while lease expense for finance leases is recognized based on an effective interest method over the term of the lease. Also, lessees must recognize a right-of-use asset (“ROU”) and a lease liability for all leases with a term of greater than 12 months regardless of their classification. Further, certain transactions where at inception of the lease the buyer-lessor accounted for the transaction as a purchase of real estate and a new lease, may now be required to have symmetrical accounting to the seller-lessee if the transaction was not a qualified sale-leaseback and accounted for as a financing transaction. For additional information and disclosures related to the Company’s operating leases, see Note 8 - Commitments and Contingencies . We are the lessee under a land lease which was previously classified as an operating lease prior to adoption of lease accounting and will continue to be classified as an operating lease under transition elections unless subsequently modified. This lease is reflected on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets and the rent expense is reflected on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Fully Adopted as of March 31, 2023 In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848) . Topic 848 contains practical expedients for reference rate reform related activities that impact debt, leases, derivatives and other contracts. The guidance in Topic 848 is optional and may be elected over the period March 12, 2020 through June 30, 2022 as reference rate reform activities occur. During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company elected to apply the hedge accounting expedients related to (i) the assertion that the Company’s hedged forecasted transactions remain probable and (ii) the assessments of effectiveness for future LIBOR-indexed cash flows to assume that the index upon which future hedged transactions will be based matches the index on the corresponding derivatives. Application of these expedients preserves the presentation of the Company’s derivatives, which will be consistent with our past presentation. The Company will continue to evaluate the impact of the guidance and may apply other elections, as applicable, as additional changes in the market occur. |