As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on January 11, 2018
Registration No. 333-
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM S-3
REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933
INLAND RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES TRUST, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Maryland | | 2901 Butterfield Road Oak Brook, Illinois 60523 (630) 218-8000 | | 80-0966998 |
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) | | (Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of registrant’s principal executive offices) | | (I.R.S. Employer Identification Number) |
The Corporation Trust, Inc.
351 West Camden Street
Baltimore, Maryland 21201
(410) 539-2837
(Name, address, including zip code, and telephone number,
including area code, of agent for service)
Copies to:
| Michael J. Choate, Esq. Proskauer Rose LLP Three First National Plaza 70 West Madison Suite 3800 Chicago, Illinois 60602-4342 (312) 962-3567 | | Robert H. Baum Executive Vice President and General Counsel The Inland Real Estate Group, LLC 2901 Butterfield Road Oak Brook, Illinois 60523 (630) 218-8000 | |
As soon as practicable following effectiveness of this Registration Statement.
(Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public)
If the only securities being registered on this Form are being offered pursuant to dividend or interest reinvestment plans, please check the following box. [X]
If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, other than securities offered only in connection with dividend or interest reinvestment plans, check the following box. [ ]
If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, please check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. [ ]
If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. [ ]
If this Form is a registration statement pursuant to General Instruction I.D. or a post-effective amendment thereto that shall become effective upon filing with the Commission pursuant to Rule 462(e) under the Securities Act, check the following box. [ ]
If this Form is a post-effective amendment to a registration statement filed pursuant to General Instruction I.D. filed to register additional securities or additional classes of securities pursuant to Rule 413(b) under the Securities Act, check the following box. [ ]
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer | | [ ] | | Accelerated filer | | [ ] |
Non-accelerated filer | | [ ] | | Smaller reporting company | | [X] |
| | | | Emerging growth company | | [X] |
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities
Act. [X]
Calculation of Registration Fee
| | | | | | | |
Title of Each Class of Securities to be Registered | | | | Proposed Maximum Aggregate Offering Price (1) | | Amount of Registration Fee (2) | |
Common Stock, Class A, Class T and Class T-3, $0.001 par value per share | | | | $ | 925,000,000 | | $ | 0 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
(1) Calculated pursuant to Rule 457(o) under the Securities Act. The prices per share under the Registrant’s distribution reinvestment plan will be equal to $23.75 per Class A share, $22.81 per Class T share and $22.81 per Class T-3 share until adjusted by our board of directors.
(2) Pursuant to Rule 457(p) under the Securities Act, the Registrant hereby offsets the entire registration fee due under this registration statement with a portion of the remaining amount of the filing fee associated with the unsold securities from the Registrant’s registration statement on Form S-11, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on October 3, 2014, as amended (File No. 333-199129), registering securities for a maximum aggregate offering price of $1,190,000,000 (the “Prior Registration Statement”). Of that amount, the Registrant sold securities with an aggregate offering price of approximately $52,000,000. The associated filing fee for the unsold securities under the Prior Registration Statement is hereby used to offset the entire current registration fee due of $115,163.
INLAND RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES TRUST, INC.
Prospectus
Fourth Amended and Restated Distribution Reinvestment Plan
$925,000,000 of Common Stock: Class A Shares, Class T Shares and Class T-3 Shares
Inland Residential Properties Trust, Inc. is a Maryland corporation sponsored by Inland Real Estate Investment Corporation (“IREIC”) and formed to primarily acquire, directly or indirectly, a portfolio of multi-family properties located primarily in the top 100 metropolitan statistical areas throughout the United States, which generally contain populations greater than 500,000 people. We may acquire individual assets or portfolios of assets, other REITs (defined below) or real estate companies. We may acquire these properties directly or through joint ventures. We have elected to be taxed, and currently qualify, as a real estate investment trust for U.S. federal income tax purposes (“REIT”), commencing with the tax year ended December 31, 2015.
With this prospectus we are offering participation in our fourth amended and restated distribution reinvestment plan (the “DRP”), which is designed to provide existing holders of shares of our common stock with a convenient method to invest the cash distributions on all or a portion of their shares in additional shares of our common stock. Some of the significant features of the DRP are as follows:
| • | Stockholders may purchase additional shares, if desired, by automatically reinvesting all or a portion of their cash distributions in shares of the same class under the DRP. |
| • | The purchase prices for shares under the DRP will be $23.75 per Class A share, $22.81 per Class T share and $22.81 per Class T-3 share until such time as we report an estimated value per share of each class of our common stock. On and after the date on which we report estimated values of our shares, the purchase prices under the DRP will be equal to the estimated value per share for each class of our common stock, as determined by our board of directors and reported by us from time to time. We expect to provide the first estimated value per share of each class of our common stock no later than February 6, 2018. |
| • | Stockholders may participate in the DRP by completing and executing the Change of Distribution Election Form (the “election form”) or other appropriate authorization form. If you are already enrolled in the DRP, no action is required. |
| • | Stockholders may terminate participation in the DRP at any time without penalty by delivering the election form to the DRP administrator. In addition, we may amend, modify, suspend or terminate the DRP at any time, without the prior consent of stockholders. |
| • | Distributions reinvested in shares under the DRP are still taxable even though they will be reinvested in our shares of common stock pursuant to the DRP. |
The Offering
| | Maximum Aggregate Price to Public (1) | | Maximum Proceeds (Before Expenses) | |
Common Stock, $0.001 par value per share | | $ | 925,000,000 | | $ | 925,000,000 | |
Class A Shares, per share | | $ | 23.75 | | $ | 23.75 | |
Class T Shares, per share | | $ | 22.81 | | $ | 22.81 | |
Class T-3 Shares, per share | | $ | 22.81 | | $ | 22.81 | |
(1) The prices per share will be equal to $23.75 per Class A share, $22.81 per Class T share and $22.81 per Class T-3 share until adjusted by our board of directors.
This investment involves a high degree of risk. You should purchase these securities only if you can afford a complete loss of your investment. Before making an investment decision, you should carefully consider the specific risks set forth under the caption “Risk Factors” under Item 1A of Part I of our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K and Item 1A of Part II of any subsequent Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, which are incorporated by reference into this prospectus, as the same may be updated from time to time by our future filings under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”).
Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission, the Attorney General of the State of New York nor any other state securities regulator has approved or disapproved of these securities or determined if this prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
No one is authorized to make any statement about this offering different from those that appear in this prospectus. The use of projections or forecasts in this offering is prohibited. Any representation to the contrary and any predictions, written or oral, as to the amount or certainty of any present or future cash benefit or tax consequence that may flow from an investment in this offering is not permitted.
Inland Residential Properties Trust, Inc. is not a mutual fund or any other type of investment company within the meaning of the Investment Company Act of 1940 and is not subject to regulation thereunder.
The date of this prospectus is January 11, 2018
SUITABILITY STANDARDS
An investment in our common stock involves significant risk and is suitable only for persons who have adequate financial means, desire a relatively long-term investment and who will not need immediate liquidity from their investment. Persons who meet this standard and seek to diversify their personal portfolios with a real estate-based investment, preserve capital, receive current income, obtain the benefits of potential long-term capital appreciation and who are able to hold their investment for a time period consistent with our liquidity plans are most likely to benefit from an investment in our company. On the other hand, we caution persons who require immediate liquidity or guaranteed income, or who seek a short-term investment, not to consider an investment in our common stock as meeting these needs.
We have established suitability standards for investors interested in purchasing shares of our common stock. These suitability standards require that an investor have, excluding the value of an investor’s home, home furnishings and automobiles, either:
| • | minimum net worth of at least $250,000; or |
| • | minimum annual gross income of at least $70,000 and a minimum net worth of at least $70,000. |
Several states have established suitability requirements that are more stringent than the standards that we have established and described above. Shares will be sold to investors in these states only if they meet the special suitability standards set forth below. In each case, these special suitability standards exclude from the calculation of net worth the value of the investor’s home, home furnishings and automobiles.
| • | Alabama – In addition to the general suitability requirements described above, this investment will only be sold to Alabama residents that represent that they have a liquid net worth of at least 10 times the amount of their investment in this real estate investment program and its affiliates. |
| • | California – In addition to the general suitability requirements described above, investors’ maximum investment in our common shares will be limited to 10% of the investor’s net worth. In addition, California investors must have either, (a) a minimum net worth of at least $70,000 and a minimum annual gross income of not less than $100,000, or (b) a minimum liquid net worth of at least $250,000. |
| • | Iowa – In addition to the general suitability requirements described above, an Iowa investor must have either (a) a minimum net worth of $350,000 (exclusive of home, auto and furnishings), or (b) a minimum annual income of $100,000 and a net worth of $100,000 (exclusive of home, auto and furnishings). In addition, an Iowa investor’s total investment in the issuer or any of its affiliates, and any other similar real estate investment program, cannot exceed 10% of the Iowa resident’s liquid net worth. “Liquid net worth” for purposes of this investment consists of cash, cash equivalents and readily marketable securities. |
| • | Kansas – In addition to the general suitability requirements described above, it is recommended by the Office of the Kansas Securities Commissioner that Kansas investors should not invest, in the aggregate, more than 10% of their liquid net worth in this and other real estate investment trusts. “Liquid net worth” is defined as that portion of net worth (total assets minus total liabilities) that is comprised of cash, cash equivalents and readily marketable securities. |
| • | Kentucky – In addition to the general suitability requirements described above, no Kentucky investor shall invest, in aggregate, more than 10% of his or her liquid net worth (cash, cash equivalents and readily marketable securities) in us or our affiliates’ non-publicly traded real estate investment trusts. |
| • | Maine – The Maine Office of Securities recommends that an investor’s aggregate investment in this offering and similar direct participation investments not exceed 10% of the investor’s liquid net worth. For this purpose, “liquid net worth” is defined as that portion of net worth that consists of cash, cash equivalents and readily marketable securities. |
| • | Massachusetts – In addition to the general suitability requirements described above, the investor’s maximum investment in the issuer and its affiliates and other illiquid direct participation programs cannot exceed 10% of the Massachusetts resident’s liquid net worth. |
| • | Michigan – The maximum investment allowable in us for a Michigan investor is 10% of his or her net worth. |
| • | Missouri – In addition to the general suitability requirements described above, no more than 10% of any one Missouri investor’s liquid net worth shall be invested in the securities registered by us for this offering with the Securities Division. |
| • | Nebraska – Investors must have either (a) a minimum net worth of $100,000 and minimum annual income of $70,000 or (b) a minimum net worth of $350,000. The investor’s maximum aggregate investment in the issuer and other non-publicly traded real estate investment programs cannot exceed 10% of the investor’s net worth (excluding home, home furnishings, and automobiles). |
| • | New Jersey – New Jersey investors must have either: (a) a minimum liquid net worth of at least $100,000 and a minimum annual gross income of not less than $85,000; or (b) a minimum liquid net worth of at least $350,000. For these purposes, “liquid net worth” is defined as that portion of net worth (total assets exclusive of home, home furnishings, and automobiles, minus total liabilities) that consists of cash, cash equivalents and readily marketable securities. In addition, a New Jersey investor’s investment in us, our affiliates, and other non-publicly traded direct investment programs (including real estate investment trusts, business development companies, oil and gas programs, equipment leasing programs and commodity pools, but excluding unregistered, federally and state exempt private offerings) may not exceed 10% of his or her liquid net worth. |
| • | New Mexico – A New Mexico investor’s aggregate investment in our common shares, shares of our affiliates, and in other non-traded real estate investment programs may not exceed 10% of his or her liquid net worth. “Liquid net worth” is defined as that portion of net worth (total assets exclusive of home, home furnishings and automobiles minus total liabilities) that is comprised of cash, cash equivalents, and readily marketable securities. |
| • | North Dakota – Our common shares will only be sold to residents of North Dakota representing that they have a net worth of at least 10 times their investment in us and that they meet one of the general suitability standards described above. |
| • | Ohio – An Ohio investor’s aggregate investment in our common shares, shares of our affiliates, and in other non-traded investment programs may not exceed 10% of his or her liquid net worth. “Liquid net worth” is defined as that portion of net worth (total assets exclusive of primary residence, home furnishings and automobiles minus total liabilities) that is comprised of cash, cash equivalents, and readily marketable securities. |
| • | Oregon, Pennsylvania and Washington – In addition to the general suitability requirements described above, the investor’s maximum investment in the issuer and its affiliates cannot exceed 10% of the Oregon, Pennsylvania or Washington resident’s net worth. |
| • | Tennessee – In addition to the general suitability requirements described above, the Tennessee investor’s maximum investment in our common shares and our affiliates shall not exceed 10% of the investor’s net worth. |
As used above, “affiliates” means Inland Real Estate Income Trust, Inc. and InPoint Commercial Real Estate Income, Inc., but does not include (i) InvenTrust Properties Corp. (f/k/a Inland American Real Estate Trust, Inc.), a REIT previously sponsored by IREIC, which internalized its management in March 2014, (ii) IRC Retail Centers LLC (f/k/a Inland Real Estate Corporation), an entity previously sponsored by IREIC, or (iii) Retail Properties of America, Inc. (f/k/a Inland Western Retail Real Estate Trust, Inc.), a REIT previously sponsored by IREIC, which is publicly traded on the New York Stock Exchange.
In the case of sales to fiduciary accounts (such as an IRA or pension or profit-sharing plan), these minimum suitability standards must be satisfied by the beneficiary, the fiduciary account, or by the donor or grantor who directly or indirectly supplies the funds to purchase shares of our common stock if the donor or the grantor is the fiduciary. In the case of gifts to minors, the minimum suitability standards must be met by the custodian of the account or by the donor.
You must notify DST Systems, Inc., the administrator of the DRP (“DST”), in the event that, at any time during your participation in the DRP, there is any material change in your financial condition, as compared to information previously provided to your broker or financial advisors, or inaccuracy of any representation under the subscription agreement for your initial purchase of shares of our common stock, including specifically with respect to the concentration limits applicable to residents of certain states. A “material change” also includes any anticipated or actual material decrease in your net worth or annual gross income, or any other material change in circumstances that may be likely to cause you to fail to meet the minimum income and net worth standards or the concentration limits set forth above for your initial purchase of shares or cause your broker or financial advisor to determine that an investment in shares of our common stock is no longer suitable and appropriate for you.
RESTRICTIONS IMPOSED BY THE PATRIOT AND RELATED ACTS
In accordance with the Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act of 2001, as amended (the “USA PATRIOT ACT”), the shares of common stock offered hereby may not be offered, sold, transferred or delivered, directly or indirectly, to any “unacceptable investor.” “Unacceptable investor” means any:
| • | person or entity who is a “designated national,” “specially designated national,” “specially designated terrorist,” “specially designated global terrorist,” “foreign terrorist organization” or “blocked person” within the definitions set forth in the Foreign Assets Control Regulations of the U.S. Treasury Department; |
| • | person acting on behalf of, or any entity owned or controlled by, any government against whom the U.S. maintains economic sanctions or embargoes under the Regulations of the U.S. Treasury Department; |
| • | person or entity who is within the scope of Executive Order 13224-Blocking Property and Prohibiting Transactions with Persons who Commit, Threaten to Commit, or Support Terrorism, effective September 24, 2001; |
| • | person or entity subject to additional restrictions imposed by the following statutes or regulations and executive orders issued thereunder: the Trading with the Enemy Act, the Iraq Sanctions Act, the National Emergencies Act, the Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996, the International Emergency Economic Powers Act, the United Nations Participation Act, the International Security and Development Cooperation Act, the Nuclear Proliferation Prevention Act of 1994, the Foreign Narcotics Kingpin Designation Act, the Iran and Libya Sanctions Act of 1996, the Cuban Democracy Act, the Cuban Liberty and Democratic Solidarity Act and the Foreign Operations, Export Financing and Related Programs Appropriations Act or any other law of similar import as to any non-U.S. country, as each such act or law has been or may be amended, adjusted, modified or reviewed from time to time; or |
| • | person or entity designated or blocked, associated or involved in terrorism, or subject to restrictions under laws, regulations or executive orders as may apply in the future similar to those set forth above. |
TABLE OF CONTENTS
| Page |
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PROSPECTUS SUMMARY | 1 |
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RISK FACTORS | 2 |
| |
CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS | 3 |
| |
SUMMARY OF OUR FOURTH AMENDED AND RESTATED DISTRIBUTION REINVESTMENT PLAN | 4 |
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USE OF PROCEEDS | 8 |
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DILUTION | 8 |
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MATERIAL U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSIDERATIONS | 9 |
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PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION | 29 |
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LEGAL MATTERS | 29 |
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EXPERTS | 29 |
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INCORPORATION OF CERTAIN INFORMATION BY REFERENCE | 29 |
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WHERE YOU CAN FIND ADDITIONAL INFORMATION | 31 |
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FOURTH AMENDED AND RESTATED DISTRIBUTION REINVESTMENT PLAN | A-1 |
PROSPECTUS SUMMARY
Inland Residential Properties Trust, Inc.
Inland Residential Properties Trust, Inc., a Maryland corporation, was incorporated in December 2013 to primarily acquire, directly or indirectly, a portfolio of multi-family properties located primarily in the top 100 metropolitan statistical areas throughout the United States, which generally contain populations greater than 500,000 people.
We may acquire individual assets or portfolios of assets, other REITs or real estate companies. We may acquire these properties directly or through joint ventures. As of December 31, 2017, we, directly or indirectly, owned fee simple interests in three residential properties. We have elected to be taxed, and currently qualify, as a REIT.
Our office is located at 2901 Butterfield Road, Oak Brook, Illinois 60523. Our toll-free telephone number is 800-826-8228 and our website address is inland-investments.com/inland-residential-trust.
Terms of the Offering
We are offering up to $925,000,000 of shares of our common stock to our existing stockholders pursuant to the DRP at a price equal to $23.75 per Class A share, $22.81 per Class T share and $22.81 per Class T-3 share until such time as we report an estimated value per share of each class of our common stock. On and after the date on which we report estimated values of our shares, the purchase prices under the DRP will be equal to the estimated value per share for each class of our common stock, as determined by our board of directors and reported by us from time to time. We expect to provide the first estimated value per share of each class of our common stock no later than February 6, 2018. Assuming that the DRP has not been terminated or suspended in connection with a listing, if a listing occurs, existing Class T shares and Class T-3 shares will convert into Class A shares and all participants will be able to purchase Class A shares at a price equal to 100% of the average daily open and close sales price per Class A share, as reported by the national securities exchange or inter-dealer quotation system, whichever is applicable, on any distribution payment date.
This offering must be registered or exempt from registration in every state or jurisdiction in which we offer or sell shares. If this offering is not exempt from registration in a particular state or jurisdiction, the required registration generally is effective for a period of one year. Therefore, we may have to stop offering and selling shares in any state or jurisdiction in which the registration is not renewed annually and the offering is not otherwise exempt from registration. In the event that we are not able to offer and sell shares in any particular state or jurisdiction, we will pay cash distributions to the residents of that state or jurisdiction until we are able to register, or obtain an exemption for, the offering.
Fourth Amended and Restated Distribution Reinvestment Plan
This prospectus describes our DRP, pursuant to which you may have the distributions you receive reinvested in shares of our common stock. If we declare a cash distribution on Class A shares, Class T shares or Class T-3 shares, participants in the DRP will be able to use cash distributions paid by us to purchase additional Class A shares, Class T shares or Class T-3 shares, respectively. Regardless of your participation in our DRP, you will be taxed on your distributions to the extent of our earnings and profits attributable to such distributions, and participation in our DRP would mean that you will have to rely solely on sources of cash other than distributions from which to pay such taxes. As a result, you may have a tax liability without receiving cash distributions to pay such liability. We may amend, modify, suspend or terminate the DRP at any time, without the prior consent of stockholders.
Use of Proceeds
The proceeds generated from the offer and sale of shares pursuant to the DRP will be used for general corporate purposes, including, without limitation, investing in real estate, paying fees and other costs, repaying debt, funding capital improvements and funding repurchases under our share repurchase program.
Incorporation by Reference
The registration statement, of which this prospectus is a part, incorporates by reference our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016, our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2017, our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended June 30, 2017, our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended September 30, 2017, our definitive proxy statement for our 2017 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, as well as all future documents we file with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) pursuant to certain sections of the Exchange Act. These documents contain information about us which supplements the information in this prospectus. See “Incorporation of Certain Information by Reference.”
RISK FACTORS
Before making an investment decision, you should carefully consider the specific risks set forth under the caption “Risk Factors” under Item 1A of Part I of our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K and Item 1A of Part II of any subsequent Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, which are incorporated by reference into this prospectus, as the same may be updated from time to time by our future filings under the Exchange Act.
CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
Some of the information in this prospectus contains forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements are statements that are not historical, including statements regarding management’s intentions, beliefs, expectations, representations, plans or predictions of the future and are typically identified by words such as “believe,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “estimate,” “may,” “will,” “should” and “could.” Similarly, statements that describe or contain information related to matters such as management’s intent, belief or expectation with respect to the company’s financial performance, investment strategy and portfolio, cash flows, growth prospects, legal proceedings, amount and timing of anticipated future cash distributions and other matters are forward-looking statements. Discussions containing these forward-looking statements may be found, among other places, in the “Use of Proceeds” section of this prospectus and the “Business” and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” sections incorporated by reference from our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K and Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q filed with the SEC, as well as any similar statements contained in future Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q or Current Reports on Form 8-K or which are hereby incorporated by reference upon their subsequent filing with the SEC. These forward-looking statements are or will be, as applicable, based largely on our expectations and projections about future events and future trends affecting our business. You should not rely on our forward-looking statements because the matters they describe are subject to known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other unpredictable factors, many of which are beyond our control, that could cause actual results to differ materially from those anticipated in the forward-looking statements. These factors include, but are not limited to: market and economic challenges experienced by the U.S. economy or real estate industry as a whole, and the local economic conditions in the markets in which the company’s properties are located; the company’s ability to refinance maturing debt or to obtain new financing on attractive terms; the availability of cash flow from operating activities to fund distributions; and future increases in interest rates.
Our actual results of operations and execution of our business strategy could differ materially from what is expressed in, or implied by, the forward-looking statements. In addition, past financial and operating performance is not necessarily a reliable indicator of future performance and you should not use our historical performance to anticipate results or future period trends. We can give no assurances that any of the events anticipated by the forward-looking statements will occur or, if any of them do, what impact they will have on our results of operations and financial condition and ability to pay distributions. Except as required by federal securities law, we undertake no obligation to publicly revise our forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances that arise after the date of this prospectus or the date of documents incorporated by reference herein that include forward-looking statements.
SUMMARY OF OUR FOURTH AMENDED AND RESTATED DISTRIBUTION REINVESTMENT PLAN
Purpose of the DRP
Our fourth amended and restated distribution reinvestment plan provides our stockholders with a simple and convenient way to invest cash distributions in additional shares of our common stock. The DRP is intended to be used by our stockholders as a vehicle for long-term investments in our common stock. Stockholders who elect to participate in the DRP authorize us to reinvest distributions on all or a portion of their shares to purchase additional shares of common stock, including fractional shares, in the same class as the shares on which the stockholder received the cash distributions that are being reinvested through the DRP, i.e., distributions paid on Class A shares will be used to purchase additional Class A shares, distributions paid on Class T shares will be used to purchase additional Class T shares and distributions paid on Class T-3 shares will be used to purchase additional Class T-3 shares. A participant is not able to acquire common stock under the plan if the purchase will cause him or her to exceed the 9.8% ownership limit or will violate any of the other share transfer and ownership restrictions imposed by our charter. The shares of our common stock purchased through the DRP are issued only in book entry form.
Common stock is purchased under the DRP on the applicable payment date for the distribution used to purchase the common stock. Distributions on common stock acquired under the DRP are paid at the same time that distributions are paid on common stock purchased outside the plan.
DST serves as the plan administrator. DST administers the plan, keeps records, sends quarterly statements of account to each participant and performs other duties related to the plan.
Any stockholder who has received a copy of this prospectus and has shares registered in his or her name is eligible to participate in the DRP. Stockholders who own shares not registered in their name (e.g., registered in the name of a bank or trustee holding shares of common stock on their behalf) should consult with the entity holding their shares to determine if it can enroll in the plan. Stockholders will not be eligible to participate in the DRP, however, if they reside in a jurisdiction in which it is unlawful, or where it is unduly burdensome, for the company or the plan administrator to let them participate.
How to Enroll in the DRP
Stockholders who are eligible to participate in the DRP may join the plan at any time by properly completing an election form. By signing the election form, stockholders certify that they have received and read a copy of this prospectus and agree to abide by the terms and conditions of the DRP. A stockholder may enroll all, or less than all, of the shares registered in his or her name. If the stockholder’s election form is received by the administrator not later than five days prior to the next distribution payment date, reinvestment of distributions will begin with that distribution payment date. If the election form is received less than five days prior to a distribution payment date, the distribution payment will be made in cash and reinvestment of distributions on the enrolled shares will begin with the next following distribution payment date. Distribution and voting rights as to any purchased shares typically commence on the applicable distribution payment date. Once enrolled in the plan, a stockholder may change his or her reinvestment options at any time by completing a new election form. Any change in reinvestment option must be received by the administrator not later than five days prior to the next distribution payment date in order to make a change with respect to that distribution payment.
As stated in the election form, enrollment in the DRP requires a broker dealer be current on the applicable stockholder’s account. Removal of the broker dealer will result in automatic termination in the DRP.
Purchase Price of the Shares
The price per share for shares of common stock purchased under the DRP will be equal to $23.75 per Class A share, $22.81 per Class T share and $22.81 per Class T-3 share until such time as we report an estimated value per share of each class of our common stock. On and after the date on which we report estimated values of our shares, the purchase prices under the DRP will be equal to the estimated value per share for each class of our common stock, as determined by our board of directors and reported by us from time to time. We expect to provide the first estimated value per share of each class of our common stock no later than February 6, 2018. Assuming that the DRP has not been terminated or suspended in connection with a listing, if a listing occurs, existing Class T shares and Class T-3 shares will convert into Class A shares and all participants will be able to purchase Class A shares at a price equal to 100% of the average daily open and close sales price per Class A share, as reported by the national securities exchange or inter-dealer quotation system, whichever is applicable, on any distribution payment date.
The number of shares purchased for each participant depends upon the aggregate amount of his or her cash distributions and the purchase price per share, as described above. Our charter limits any person from owning more than 9.8% in value of our issued and outstanding shares of stock or 9.8% in value or in number (whichever is more restrictive) of our issued and outstanding shares of common stock, unless these limitations are waived by our board. The DRP restricts us from purchasing shares of common stock for a participant under the plan to the extent that the purchase would cause the participant to own more than 9.8% in value of our outstanding shares of stock or 9.8% in value or in number (whichever is more restrictive) of each class of our common stock, unless those limitations are waived by our board. We will deduct from the amount of cash distribution to be invested for you any amount that we are required to deduct for tax withholding purposes.
All shares of common stock purchased through the plan, including fractional shares, will be entitled to any distributions when and as declared by us. Only shares of common stock held as of a record date for a given distribution are entitled to that distribution.
Amendment, Suspension and Termination of the DRP
Participants may terminate their participation in the plan at any time by completing the election form and returning it to the plan administrator. We reserve the right to terminate the participation of any participant who, in our sole discretion, is abusing the plan or causing undue expense. As stated in the election form, removal of the applicable broker dealer from a participant’s account will result in automatic termination in the DRP.
We may amend, modify, suspend or terminate the DRP at any time, in whole or in part, or in respect to participants in one or more jurisdictions, without the prior consent of participants in the DRP. In the event that we amend, suspend or terminate the DRP, however, we will mail participants notice of the change at least ten calendar days prior to the change, and we will disclose the change in a report filed with the SEC on either Form 8-K, Form 10-Q or Form 10-K, as appropriate.
Neither we nor our affiliates receive a fee for selling shares through the DRP. We do not warrant or guarantee that participants will acquire shares at the lowest possible price through the DRP.
Our Liability under the DRP
Under Maryland law and our charter, our directors are deemed to be in a fiduciary relationship to us and our stockholders. However, a director will have no liability under Maryland law for monetary damages if the director performs his or her duties in good faith, in a manner he or she reasonably believes to be in our best interests, and with the care that an ordinarily prudent person in a like position would use under similar circumstances. Under Maryland law, the third party challenging the act of a director has the burden of showing that the director did not satisfy this standard of conduct. In addition, we have provided in our charter that no director or officer will be liable to us or to any stockholder for money damages to the extent that Maryland law, in effect from time to time, and our charter permits the limitation of the liability of directors and officers of a corporation. We have included a requirement in our charter that we indemnify and without requiring a preliminary determination of the ultimate entitlement to indemnification, pay, advance or reimburse reasonable expenses to any director or officer from and against any liability or loss to which the director or officer may become subject or which the director or officer may incur by reason of his or her service as a director or officer. Thus, except as described below, our directors and officers will not be liable for monetary damages unless:
| • | the person actually received an improper benefit or profit in money, property or services; and |
| • | the person is held liable based on a final judgment that the person’s action, or failure to act, was the result of active and deliberate dishonesty which was material to the cause of action before the court; |
and, except as described below, our directors and officers will be indemnified against judgments, penalties, fines, settlements and reasonable expenses actually incurred by them in connection with any proceeding to which they may be made or threatened to be made a party by reason of their service in those or other capacities unless it is established that:
| • | the act or omission of the person was material to the matter giving rise to the proceeding and (1) was committed in bad faith or (2) was the result of active and deliberate dishonesty; |
| • | the person actually received an improper personal benefit in money, property or services; or |
| • | in the case of any criminal proceeding, the director or officer had reasonable cause to believe that the act or omission was unlawful. |
A court may order indemnification if it determines that the director or officer is fairly and reasonably entitled to indemnification, even though the director or officer did not meet the prescribed standard of conduct or was adjudged liable on the basis that personal benefit was improperly received. However, indemnification for an adverse judgment in a suit by us or in our right, or for a judgment of liability on the basis that personal benefit was improperly received, is limited to expenses.
Notwithstanding the above, our charter further limits our ability to indemnify our directors, our business manager and their respective affiliates for losses or liability suffered by them and to hold them harmless for losses or liability suffered by us by requiring that the following additional conditions are met:
| • | the person seeking indemnification has determined, in good faith, that the course of conduct that caused the loss or liability was in our best interests; |
| • | the person seeking indemnification was acting on our behalf or performing services for us; |
| • | the liability or loss was not the result of negligence or misconduct on the part of the person seeking indemnification; provided that if the person is or was an independent director, the independent director need only establish that the liability or loss was not the result of that person’s gross negligence or willful misconduct; and |
| • | the indemnification or agreement to be held harmless is recoverable out of our net assets only and not from the personal assets of any stockholder. |
Notwithstanding the above, our charter provides that we will not indemnify any director, our business manager or any of its affiliates for losses, liabilities or expenses arising from or out of an alleged violation of federal or state securities laws unless one or more of the following conditions are satisfied:
| • | there has been a successful adjudication on the merits of each count involving alleged material securities law violations; |
| • | the claims have been dismissed with prejudice on the merits by a court of competent jurisdiction; or |
| • | a court of competent jurisdiction approves a settlement of the claims and finds that indemnification of the settlement and related costs should be made; provided that the court considering the request must be advised of the SEC’s position on indemnity for securities law violations as well as the published position of any state securities regulatory authority in which our securities were offered. |
In addition, our charter provides that we will advance amounts to any director, our business manager or any of its affiliates entitled to indemnification for legal and other expenses and costs incurred as a result of any legal action for which indemnification is being sought only if all of the following conditions are satisfied:
| • | the legal action relates to acts or omissions relating to the performance of duties or services by the person seeking indemnification for us or on our behalf; |
| • | the legal action is initiated by a third party who is not a stockholder or the legal action is initiated by a stockholder acting in his or her capacity as such and a court of competent jurisdiction specifically permits us to advance expenses; and |
| • | the person seeking indemnification provides us with written affirmation of his or her good faith belief that he or she has met the standard of conduct necessary for indemnification and undertakes in writing to repay us the advanced funds, together with interest at the applicable legal rate of interest, if it is later determined that the person seeking indemnification was not entitled to indemnification. |
We may purchase and maintain insurance or provide similar protection on behalf of any director, officer, employee or agent against any liability incurred in any such capacity with us or on our behalf. We may enter into any contract requiring us to indemnify and advance expenses with any director, officer, employee or agent as may be determined by the board and as permitted by our charter.
Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), may be permitted to directors, officers or persons controlling us pursuant to the foregoing provisions, we have been informed that in the opinion of the SEC such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is therefore unenforceable.
YOU SHOULD RECOGNIZE THAT WE CANNOT ASSURE A PROFIT OR PROTECT AGAINST A LOSS ON THE SHARES PURCHASED FOR YOU UNDER THE DRP.
Governing Law
The terms and conditions of the DRP and its operation are governed by the laws of the State of Maryland.
Contact for Answers to Questions Regarding the DRP
All inquiries regarding the DRP should be sent to:
Inland Residential Properties Trust, Inc.
2901 Butterfield Road
Oak Brook, Illinois 60523
Attention: Ms. Sandra L. Perion
USE OF PROCEEDS
The proceeds generated from the offer and sale of shares pursuant to the DRP will be used for general corporate purposes, including, without limitation, investing in real estate, paying fees and other costs, repaying debt, funding capital improvements and funding repurchases under our share repurchase program. We cannot predict with any certainty how much, if any, of the DRP proceeds will be used for any of the above purposes, and we have no basis for estimating the number of shares that will be sold.
We will pay actual expenses incurred in connection with registering and offering the DRP shares, including but not limited to legal fees, printing expenses, mailing costs, SEC and blue sky registration fees.
DILUTION
Our net tangible book value per share is equal to total book value of our assets minus total liabilities, divided by the total number of shares of common stock outstanding. This calculation assumes that the value of real estate assets diminishes predictably over time as shown through the depreciation and amortization of real estate investments. Real estate values have historically risen or fallen with market conditions. Our net tangible book value reflects dilution in the value of our common stock from the issue price as a result of (i) operating losses, which reflect accumulated depreciation and amortization of real estate investments as well as the fees and expenses paid to our business manager and its affiliates in connection with the management of our investments, (ii) the funding of distributions from sources other than our cash flow from operations, and (iii) fees paid in connection with our primary offering, including selling commissions and dealer manager fees re-allowed by our dealer manager to participating soliciting dealers. As of September 30, 2017, our net tangible book value per share was $13.78. The price per share for shares of common stock purchased under the DRP will be equal to $23.75 per Class A share, $22.81 per Class T share and $22.81 per Class T-3 share until such time as we report an estimated value per share of each class of our common stock. On and after the date on which we report estimated values of our shares, the purchase prices under the DRP will be equal to the estimated value per share for each class of our common stock, as determined by our board of directors and reported by us from time to time. We expect to provide the first estimated value per share of each class of our common stock no later than February 6, 2018.
MATERIAL U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSIDERATIONS
The following summary discusses the material U.S. federal income tax considerations associated with our qualification and taxation as a REIT and the acquisition, ownership and disposition of our shares of common stock. This summary is based upon the laws, regulations, and reported judicial and administrative rulings and decisions in effect as of the date of this prospectus, all of which are subject to change, retroactively or prospectively, and to possibly differing interpretations.
This discussion is based upon the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), Treasury regulations promulgated under the Code, which we refer to as the Treasury Regulations, and reported judicial and administrative rulings and decisions in effect as of the date of this prospectus, all of which are subject to change, retroactively or prospectively, and to possibly differing interpretations. Any such change could affect the validity of this discussion.
This discussion does not address (i) U.S. federal taxes other than income taxes or (ii) state, local or non-U.S. taxes. In addition, this discussion does not purport to address the U.S. federal income or other tax considerations applicable to holders of our shares of common stock that are subject to special treatment under U.S. federal income tax law, including, for example:
• financial institutions; |
• partnerships or entities treated as partnerships for U.S. federal income tax purposes and investors therein, S corporations or other pass-through entities; |
• insurance companies; |
• pension plans or other tax-exempt organizations, except to the extent discussed below; |
• “qualified foreign pension funds” or entities wholly owned by a qualified foreign pension fund; |
• dealers in securities or currencies; |
• traders in securities that elect to use a mark to market method of accounting; |
• persons that hold our shares of common stock as part of a straddle, hedge, constructive sale or conversion transaction; |
• regulated investment companies; |
• REITs; |
• certain U.S. expatriates; |
• persons whose “functional currency” is not the U.S. dollar; |
• persons who acquired our shares of common stock through the exercise of an employee stock option or otherwise as compensation; and |
• persons who are Non-U.S. Stockholders (as defined below), except to the extent discussed below. |
No ruling on the U.S. federal, state, or local tax considerations relevant to our operation or to the purchase, ownership or disposition of our shares, has been requested from the Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”) or other tax authority. No assurance can be given that the IRS would not assert, or that a court would not sustain, a position contrary to any of the tax consequences described below.
This summary is also based upon the assumption that the operation of the Company, and of its subsidiaries and other lower-tier and affiliated entities, will in each case be in accordance with its applicable organizational documents or partnership agreements. This summary does not discuss the impact that U.S. state and local taxes and taxes imposed by non-U.S. jurisdictions could have on the matters discussed in this summary. In addition, this summary assumes that security holders hold our common stock as a capital asset, which generally means as property held for investment.
Prospective investors are urged to consult their tax advisors in order to determine the U.S. federal, state, local, foreign and other tax consequences to them of the purchase, ownership and disposition of our shares, the tax treatment of a REIT and the effect of potential changes in the applicable tax laws.
We have elected to be taxed as a REIT under the applicable provisions of the Code and the Treasury Regulations promulgated thereunder commencing with our taxable year ended on December 31, 2015. We intend to continue operating as a REIT so long as our board of directors determines that REIT qualification remains in our best interest. However, we cannot assure you that we will meet the applicable requirements under U.S. federal income tax laws, which are highly technical and complex.
In brief, a corporation that complies with the provisions in Code Sections 856 through 860, and qualifies as a REIT generally is not taxed on its net taxable income to the extent such income is currently distributed to stockholders, thereby completely or substantially eliminating the “double taxation” that a corporation and its stockholders generally bear together. However, as discussed in greater detail below, a corporation could be subject to U.S. federal income tax in some circumstances even if it qualifies as a REIT and would likely suffer adverse consequences, including reduced cash available for distribution to its stockholders, if it failed to qualify as a REIT.
Proskauer Rose LLP has acted as our tax counsel in connection with this registration statement. Proskauer Rose LLP is of the opinion that (i) commencing with our taxable year ended on December 31, 2015, we have been organized in conformity with the requirements for qualification as a REIT under the Code, and our actual method of operation through the date hereof has enabled us to meet, and our proposed method of operation will enable us to continue to meet, the requirements for qualification and taxation as a REIT under the Code, and (ii) our operating partnership has been and will be taxed as a partnership or a disregarded entity and not an association or publicly traded partnership (within the meaning of Code Section 7704) subject to tax as a corporation, for U.S. federal income tax purposes beginning with its first taxable year. This opinion is filed as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, and is based and conditioned, in part, on various assumptions and representations as to factual matters and covenants made to Proskauer Rose LLP by us and based upon certain terms and conditions set forth in the opinion. Our qualification as a REIT depends upon our ability to meet, through operation of the properties we acquire and our investment in other assets, the applicable requirements under U.S. federal income tax laws. Proskauer Rose LLP has not reviewed these operating results for compliance with the applicable requirements under U.S. federal income tax laws.
Therefore, we cannot assure you that our actual operating results allow us to satisfy the applicable requirements to qualify as a REIT under U.S. federal income tax laws in any taxable year.
General
The term “REIT taxable income” means the taxable income as computed for a corporation that is not a REIT:
| | • without the deductions allowed by Code Sections 241 through 247, and 249 (relating generally to the deduction for dividends received); |
| | • excluding amounts equal to: the net income from foreclosure property and the net income derived from prohibited transactions; |
| | • deducting amounts equal to: the net loss from foreclosure property, the net loss derived from prohibited transactions, the tax imposed by Code Section 857(b)(5) upon a failure to meet the 95% or the 75% gross income tests, the tax imposed by Code Section 856(c)(7)(C) upon a failure to meet the quarterly asset tests, the tax imposed by Code Section 856(g)(5) for otherwise avoiding REIT disqualification, and the tax imposed by Code Section 857(b)(7) on redetermined rents, redetermined deductions and excess interest; |
| | • deducting the amount of dividends paid under Code Section 561, computed without regard to the amount of the net income from foreclosure property (which is excluded from REIT taxable income); and |
| | • without regard to any change of annual accounting period pursuant to Code Section 443(b). |
In any year in which we qualify as a REIT and have a valid election in place, we will claim deductions for the dividends we pay to the stockholders, and therefore will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on that portion of our taxable income or capital gain which is distributed to our stockholders.
Although we can eliminate or substantially reduce our U.S. federal income tax liability by maintaining our REIT qualification and paying sufficient dividends, we will be subject to U.S. federal tax in the following circumstances:
| • We will be taxed at normal corporate rates on any undistributed REIT taxable income or net capital gain. |
| • If we fail to satisfy either the 95% Gross Income Test or the 75% Gross Income Test (each of which is described below), but our failure is due to reasonable cause and not willful neglect, and we therefore maintain our REIT qualification, we will be subject to a tax equal to the product of (a) the amount by which we failed the 75% or 95% Gross Income Test (whichever amount is greater) multiplied by (b) a fraction intended to reflect our profitability. |
| • We will be subject to an excise tax if we fail to currently distribute sufficient income. In order to make the “required distribution” with respect to a calendar year, we must distribute the sum of (1) 85% of our REIT ordinary income for the calendar year, (2) 95% of our REIT capital gain net income for the calendar year, and (3) the excess, if any, of the grossed up required distribution (as defined in the Code) for the preceding calendar year over the distributed amount for that preceding calendar year. Any excise tax liability would be equal to 4% of the difference between the amount required to be distributed under this formula and the amount actually distributed and would not be deductible by us. |
| • If we have net income from prohibited transactions such income would be subject to a 100% tax. See “— REIT Qualification Tests — Prohibited Transactions.” |
| • We will be subject to U.S. federal income tax at the highest corporate rate on any non-qualifying income from foreclosure property, although we will not own any foreclosure property unless we make loans or accept purchase money notes secured by interests in real property and foreclose on the property following a default on the loan, or foreclose on property pursuant to a default on a lease. |
| • If we fail to satisfy any of the REIT asset tests, as described below, other than a failure of the 5% or 10% REIT assets tests that does not exceed a statutory de minimis amount as described more fully below, but our failure is due to reasonable cause and not due to willful neglect and we nonetheless maintain our REIT qualification because of specified cure provisions, we will be required to pay a tax equal to the greater of $50,000 or the amount determined by multiplying the highest corporate tax rate by the net income generated by the non-qualifying assets during the period in which we failed to satisfy the asset tests. |
| • If we fail to satisfy any other provision of the Code that would result in our failure to qualify as a REIT (other than a gross income or asset test requirement) and that violation is due to reasonable cause, we may retain our REIT qualification, but we will be required to pay a penalty of $50,000 for each such failure. |
| • We may be required to pay monetary penalties to the IRS in certain circumstances, including if we fail to meet record-keeping requirements intended to monitor our compliance with rules relating to the composition of our stockholders. Such penalties generally would not be deductible by us. |
| • If we acquire any asset from a corporation that is subject to full corporate-level U.S. federal income tax in a transaction in which our basis in the asset is determined by reference to the transferor corporation’s basis in the asset, and we recognize gain on the disposition of such an asset during the five-year period beginning on the date we acquired such asset, then the excess of the fair market value as of the beginning of the applicable recognition period over our adjusted basis in such asset at the beginning of such recognition period will be subject to U.S. federal income tax at the highest regular corporate U.S. federal income tax rate. The results described in this paragraph assume that the non-REIT corporation will not elect, in lieu of this treatment, to be subject to an immediate tax when the asset is acquired by us. |
| • A 100% tax may be imposed on transactions between us and a taxable REIT subsidiary that do not reflect arm’s-length terms. |
| • The earnings of our subsidiaries that are C corporations, other than qualified REIT subsidiaries, including any subsidiary we may elect to treat as a taxable REIT subsidiary will generally be subject to U.S. federal corporate income tax. |
| • We may elect to retain and pay income tax on our net capital gain. In that case, a stockholder would include his, her or its proportionate share of our undistributed net capital gain (to the extent we make a timely designation of such gain to the stockholder) in his, her or its income as long-term capital gain, would be deemed to have paid the tax that we paid on such gain, and would be allowed a credit for his, her or its proportionate share of the tax deemed to have been paid, and an adjustment would be made to increase the stockholder’s basis in our common stock. Stockholders that are U.S. corporations will also appropriately adjust their earnings and profits for the retained capital gain in accordance with Treasury Regulations to be promulgated. |
In addition, notwithstanding our qualification as a REIT, we and our subsidiaries may be subject to a variety of taxes, including state and local and foreign income, property, payroll and other taxes on our assets and operations. We could also be subject to tax in situations and on transactions not presently contemplated.
REIT Qualification Tests
Organizational Requirements. The Code defines a REIT as a corporation, trust or association:
| (1) | that is managed by one or more trustees or directors; |
| (2) | the beneficial ownership of which is evidenced by transferable shares or by transferable certificates of beneficial interest; |
| (3) | that would be taxable as a domestic corporation but for its qualification as a REIT; |
| (4) | that is neither a financial institution nor an insurance company; |
| (5) | that meets the gross income, asset and annual distribution requirements; |
| (6) | the beneficial ownership of which is held by 100 or more persons on at least 335 days in each full taxable year, proportionately adjusted for a short taxable year; |
| (7) | generally in which, at any time during the last half of each taxable year, no more than 50% in value of the outstanding stock is owned, directly or indirectly, by five or fewer individuals (as defined in the Code to include specified entities); |
| (8) | that makes an election to be taxable as a REIT for the current taxable year, or has made this election for a previous taxable year, which election has not been revoked or terminated, and satisfies all relevant filing and other administrative requirements established by the IRS that must be met to maintain qualification as a REIT; and |
| (9) | that uses a calendar year for U.S. federal income tax purposes. |
Organizational requirements (1) through (5) must be met during each taxable year for which REIT qualification is sought, while requirements (6) and (7) do not have to be met until after the first taxable year for which a REIT election is made. We have adopted December 31 as our year end, thereby satisfying requirement (9).
Ownership of Interests in Partnerships, Limited Liability Companies and Qualified REIT Subsidiaries. A REIT that is a partner in a partnership or a member in a limited liability company treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes, will be deemed to own its proportionate share of the assets of the partnership or limited liability company, as the case may be, based on its interest in partnership capital, and will be deemed to be entitled to its proportionate share of the income of that entity. The assets and gross income of the partnership or limited liability company retain the same character in the hands of the REIT. Thus, our pro rata share of the assets and items of income of any partnership or limited liability company treated as a partnership or disregarded entity for U.S. federal income tax purposes in which we own an interest, including our operating partnership, is treated as our assets and items of income for purposes of Asset Tests and Gross Income Tests (each as defined below).
We expect to control our subsidiary partnerships and limited liability companies and intend to operate them in a manner consistent with the requirements for our qualification as a REIT. If we become a limited partner or non-managing member in any partnership or limited liability company and such entity takes or expects to take actions that could jeopardize our qualification as a REIT or require us to pay tax, we may be forced to dispose of our interest in such entity. In addition, it is possible that a partnership or limited liability company could take an action which could cause us to fail a Gross Income Test or Asset Test (each as defined below), and that we would not become aware of such action in time to dispose of our interest in the partnership or limited liability company or take other corrective action on a timely basis. In that case, we could fail to qualify as a REIT unless we were entitled to relief, as described below.
We may from time to time own certain assets through subsidiaries that we intend to be treated as “qualified REIT subsidiaries.” A corporation will qualify as our qualified REIT subsidiary if we own 100% of the corporation’s outstanding stock and do not elect with the subsidiary to treat it as a taxable REIT subsidiary, as described below. A qualified REIT subsidiary is not treated as a separate corporation, and all assets, liabilities and items of income, gain, loss, deduction and credit of a qualified REIT subsidiary are treated as assets, liabilities and items of income, gain, loss, deduction and credit of the parent REIT for purposes of the Asset Tests and Gross Income Tests (each as defined below). A qualified REIT subsidiary is not subject to U.S. federal income tax, but may be subject to state or local tax, and our ownership of the stock of a qualified REIT subsidiary will not violate the restrictions on ownership of securities, as described below under “— Asset Tests.” While we currently hold all of our investments through the operating partnership, we also may hold investments separately, through qualified REIT subsidiaries. Because a qualified REIT subsidiary must be wholly owned by a REIT, any such subsidiary utilized by us would have to be owned by us, or another qualified REIT subsidiary, and could not be owned by the operating partnership unless we own 100% of the equity interest in the operating partnership.
We may from time to time own certain assets through entities that we wholly-own and that are disregarded as separate from us. If a disregarded subsidiary ceases to be wholly owned by us (for example, if any equity interest in the subsidiary is acquired by a person other than us or another one of our disregarded subsidiaries), the subsidiary’s separate existence would no longer be disregarded for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Instead, it would have multiple owners and would be treated as either a partnership or a taxable corporation. Such an event could, depending on the circumstances, adversely affect our ability to satisfy the Asset and Gross Income Tests, including the requirement that REITs generally may not own, directly or indirectly, more than 10% of the value or voting power of the outstanding securities of another corporation. See “— Asset Tests” and “— Income Tests.”
Ownership of Interests in Taxable REIT Subsidiaries. We do not currently own an interest in a taxable REIT subsidiary but we may acquire securities in one or more taxable REIT subsidiaries in the future. A taxable REIT subsidiary is a corporation other than a REIT in which a REIT directly or indirectly holds stock, and that has made a joint election with such REIT to be treated as a taxable REIT subsidiary. If a taxable REIT subsidiary owns more than 35% of the total voting power or value of the outstanding securities of another corporation, such other corporation will also be treated as a taxable REIT subsidiary. Other than some activities relating to lodging and health care facilities, a taxable REIT subsidiary generally may engage in any business, including investing in assets and engaging in activities that could not be held or conducted directly by us without jeopardizing our qualification as a REIT.
A taxable REIT subsidiary is subject to U.S. federal income tax as a regular C corporation. In addition, if certain tests regarding the taxable REIT subsidiary’s debt-to-equity ratio are not satisfied, a taxable REIT subsidiary generally may not deduct interest payments made in any year to an affiliated REIT to the extent that such payments exceed 50% of the taxable REIT subsidiary’s adjusted taxable income (as defined in the Code) for that year (although the taxable REIT subsidiary may carry forward to, and deduct in, a succeeding year the disallowed interest amount if the 50% test is satisfied in that year). A REIT’s ownership of securities of a taxable REIT subsidiary is not subject to the 5% or 10% asset tests described below. However, no more than 20% of the gross value of a REIT’s assets may be comprised of securities of one or more taxable REIT subsidiary. See “— Asset Tests.”
Share Ownership Requirements
The common stock and any other stock we issue must be held by a minimum of 100 persons (determined without attribution to the owners of any entity owning our stock) for at least 335 days in each full taxable year, proportionately adjusted for partial taxable years. In addition, we cannot be “closely held”, which means that at all times during the second half of each taxable year, no more than 50% in value of our stock may be owned, directly or indirectly, by five or fewer individuals (determined by applying certain attribution rules under the Code to the owners of any entity owning our stock) as specifically defined for this purpose. However, these two requirements do not apply until after the first taxable year an entity elects REIT status.
Our charter contains certain provisions intended, among other purposes, to enable us to meet requirements (6) and (7) above. First, subject to certain exceptions, our charter provides that no person may beneficially or constructively own (applying certain attribution rules under the Code) more than 9.8% in value of our outstanding stock, or 9.8% in value or in number (whichever is more restrictive) of our shares of outstanding common stock, without the prior approval of our board of directors. Additionally, our charter contains provisions requiring each holder of our shares to disclose, upon demand, constructive or beneficial ownership of shares as deemed necessary to comply with the requirements of the Code. Furthermore, stockholders failing or refusing to comply with our disclosure request will be required, under Treasury Regulations promulgated under the Code, to submit a statement of such information to the IRS at the time of filing their annual income tax returns for the year in which the request was made.
Asset Tests
At the close of each calendar quarter of the taxable year, we must satisfy four tests based on the composition of our assets, or the Asset Tests. After initially meeting the Asset Tests at the close of any quarter, we will not lose our qualification as a REIT for failure to satisfy the Asset Tests at the end of a later quarter solely due to changes in value of our assets. In addition, if the failure to satisfy the Asset Tests results from an acquisition during a quarter, the failure generally can be cured by disposing of non-qualifying assets within 30 days after the close of that quarter. We will continue to maintain adequate records of the value of our assets to ensure compliance with these tests and will act within 30 days after the close of any quarter as may be required to cure any noncompliance.
75% Asset Test. At least 75% of the value of our assets must be represented by “real estate assets,” cash, cash items (including receivables) and government securities, which we refer to as the 75% Asset Test. Real estate assets include (1) real property (including interests in real property and interests in mortgages on real property or on interests in real property), (2) shares in other qualifying REITs, (3) debt instruments issued by publicly offered REITs and (4) any property (not otherwise a real estate asset) attributable to the temporary investment of “new capital” in stock or a debt instrument, but only for the one-year period beginning on the date we received the new capital. Property will qualify as being attributable to the temporary investment of new capital if the money used to purchase the stock or debt instrument is received by us in exchange for our stock (other than amounts received pursuant to the distribution reinvestment plan) or in a public offering of debt obligations that have a maturity of at least five years. Assets that do not qualify for purposes of the 75% test are subject to the additional asset tests described below under “— 25% Asset Test.”
We are currently invested in the real properties described in our filings with the SEC. In addition, we intend to invest funds not used to acquire properties in cash sources, “new capital” investments or other liquid investments which allow us to continue to qualify under the 75% Asset Test. Therefore, our investment in real properties should constitute “real estate assets” and should allow us to meet the 75% Asset Test.
25% Asset Test. Except as described below, the remaining 25% of our assets generally may be invested subject to certain restrictions, which we refer to as the 25% Asset Test. However, if we invest in any securities that do not qualify under the 75% Asset Test, other than equity investments in qualified REIT subsidiaries and taxable REIT subsidiaries, such securities may not exceed either (1) 5% of the value of our assets as to any one issuer; or (2) 10% of the outstanding securities by vote or value of any one issuer. In addition, not more than 25% of our assets may be invested in publicly offered REIT debt instruments that do not otherwise qualify as real estate assets under the 75% Asset Test. The 10% value test does not apply to certain “straight debt” and other excluded securities, as described in the Code, including but not limited to any loan to an individual or estate, any obligation to pay rents from real property and any security issued by a REIT. In addition, a partnership interest held by a REIT is not considered a “security” for purposes of the 10% value test; instead, the REIT is treated as owning directly its proportionate share of the partnership’s assets, which is based on the REIT’s proportionate interest in any securities issued by the partnership (disregarding for this purpose the general rule that a partnership interest is not a security), but excluding certain securities described in the Code.
For purposes of the 10% value test, “straight debt” means a written unconditional promise to pay on demand or on a specified date a sum certain in money if (i) the debt is not convertible, directly or indirectly, into stock, (ii) the interest rate and interest payment dates are not contingent on profits, the borrower’s discretion, or similar factors other than certain contingencies relating to the timing and amount of principal and interest payments, as described in the Code and (iii) in the case of an issuer that is a corporation or a partnership, securities that otherwise would be considered straight debt will not be so considered if we, and any of our “controlled taxable REIT subsidiaries” as defined in the Code, hold any securities of the corporate or partnership issuer that (a) are not straight debt or other excluded securities (prior to the application of this rule), and (b) have an aggregate value greater than 1% of the issuer’s outstanding securities (including, for the purposes of a partnership issuer, our interest as a partner in the partnership).
We believe that our holdings of real estate assets and other securities comply with the foregoing REIT asset requirements, and we intend to monitor compliance on an ongoing basis. There can be no assurance, however, that we will be successful in this effort. In this regard, to determine compliance with these requirements, we will need to estimate the value of our assets, and we do not expect to obtain independent appraisals to support our conclusions as to the total value of our assets or the value of any particular security or other asset. Moreover, values of some assets, including our interests in taxable REIT subsidiaries, may not be susceptible to a precise determination and are subject to change in the future. Although we will be prudent in making these estimates, there can be no assurance that the IRS will not disagree with these determinations and assert that a different value is applicable, in which case we might not satisfy the Asset Tests, and could fail to qualify as a REIT.
A REIT is able to cure certain asset test violations. As noted above, a REIT cannot own securities of any one issuer (other than those qualifying under the 75% Asset Test or securities of one or more qualified REIT subsidiary or taxable REIT subsidiary) representing more than 5% of the total value of the REIT’s assets or more than 10% of the outstanding securities, by vote or value, of any one issuer. However, a REIT would not lose its REIT qualification for failing to satisfy these 5% or 10% asset tests in a quarter if the failure is due to the ownership of assets the total value of which does not exceed the lesser of (1) 1% of the total value of the REIT’s assets at the end of the quarter for which the measurement is done, and (2) $10 million; provided, that in either case the REIT either disposes of the assets within six months after the last day of the quarter in which the REIT identifies the failure (or such other time period prescribed by the Department of the Treasury, or the Treasury), or otherwise meets the requirements of those rules by the end of that period.
If a REIT fails to meet any of the asset test requirements for a quarter and the failure exceeds the de minimis threshold described above, then the REIT still would be deemed to have satisfied the requirements if (1) following the REIT’s identification of the failure, the REIT files a schedule with a description of each asset that caused the failure, in accordance with regulations prescribed by the Treasury; (2) the failure was due to reasonable cause and not to willful neglect; (3) the REIT disposes of the assets within six months after the last day of the quarter in which the identification occurred or such other time period as is prescribed by the Treasury (or the requirements of the rules are otherwise met within that period); and (4) the REIT pays a tax on the failure equal to the greater of (a) $50,000, or (b) an amount determined (under regulations) by multiplying (I) the highest rate of tax for corporations under Code Section 11, by (II) the net income generated by the assets that caused the failure for the period beginning on the first date of the failure and ending on the date the REIT has disposed of the assets (or otherwise satisfies the requirements).
Income Tests
For each calendar year, we must satisfy two separate tests based on the composition of our gross income, as defined under our method of accounting, or the Gross Income Tests.
75% Gross Income Test. At least 75% of our gross income for the taxable year (excluding gross income from prohibited transactions and certain hedging and foreign currency transactions) must result from (1) rents from real property, (2) interest on obligations secured by mortgages on real property or on interests in real property, (3) gains from the sale or other disposition of real property (including interests in real property and interests in mortgages on real property) other than property held primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of our trade or business, (4) dividends from other qualifying REITs and gain (other than gain from prohibited transactions) from the sale of shares of other qualifying REITs, (5) income from other specified investments relating to real property or mortgages thereon, and (6) for a limited time, temporary investment income (as described under the 75% Asset Test above). We refer to this requirement as the 75% Gross Income Test. We intend to invest funds not otherwise invested in real properties in cash sources or other liquid investments which will allow us to qualify under the 75% Gross Income Test.
95% Gross Income Test. At least 95% of our gross income (excluding gross income from prohibited transactions) for the taxable year must be derived from (1) sources that satisfy the 75% Gross Income Test, (2) dividends, (3) interest, or (4) gain from the sale or disposition of stock or other securities that are not assets held primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of our trade or business. We refer to this requirement as the 95% Gross Income Test. It is important to note that dividends and interest on obligations not collateralized by an interest in real property qualify under the 95% Gross Income Test, but not under the 75% Gross Income Test. We intend to invest funds not otherwise invested in properties in cash sources or other liquid investments which will allow us to qualify under the 95% Gross Income Test.
Rents from Real Property. Income attributable to a lease of real property generally will qualify as “rents from real property” under the 75% Gross Income Test and the 95% Gross Income Test if such lease is respected as a true lease for U.S. federal income tax purposes (see “— Characterization of Property Leases”) and subject to the rules discussed below. Rent from a particular tenant will not qualify if we, or an owner of 10% or more of our stock, directly or indirectly, owns 10% or more of the voting stock or the total number of shares of all classes of stock in, or 10% or more of the assets or net profits of, the tenant (subject to certain exceptions). The portion of rent attributable to personal property rented in connection with real property will not qualify, unless the portion attributable to personal property is 15% or less of the total rent received under, or in connection with, the lease.
Generally, rent will not qualify if it is based in whole, or in part, on the income or profits of any person from the underlying property. However, rent will not fail to qualify if it is based on a fixed percentage (or designated varying percentages) of receipts or sales, including amounts above a base amount so long as the base amount is fixed at the time the lease is entered into, the provisions are in accordance with normal business practice and the arrangement is not an indirect method for basing rent on income or profits.
If a REIT operates or manages a property or furnishes or renders certain “impermissible services” to the tenants at the property, and the income derived from the services exceeds 1% of the total amount received by that REIT with respect to the property, then no amount received by the REIT with respect to the property will qualify as “rents from real property.” Impermissible services are services other than services “usually or customarily rendered” in connection with the rental of real property and not otherwise considered “rendered to the occupant.” For these purposes, the income that a REIT is considered to receive from the provision of “impermissible services” will not be less than 150% of the cost of providing the service. If the amount so received is 1% or less of the total amount received by us with respect to the property, then only the income from the impermissible services will not qualify as “rents from real property.” However, this rule generally will not apply if such services are provided to tenants through an independent contractor from whom we derive no revenue, or through a taxable REIT subsidiary. With respect to this rule, tenants may receive some services in connection with their leases of the real properties. Our intention is that the services we provide are those usually or customarily rendered in connection with the rental of space only, and therefore, providing these services will not cause the rents received with respect to the properties to fail to qualify as rents from real property for purposes of the 75% Gross Income Test (and the 95% Gross Income Test described above). Our board of directors intends to hire qualifying independent contractors or to utilize taxable REIT subsidiaries to render services which it believes, after consultation with our tax advisors, are not usually or customarily rendered in connection with the rental of space.
In addition, we have represented that, with respect to our leasing activities, we will not (1) charge rent for any property that is based in whole or in part on the income or profits of any person (excluding rent based on a percentage of receipts or sales, as described above), (2) charge rent that will be attributable to personal property in an amount greater than 15% of the total rent received under the applicable lease, or (3) enter into any lease with a related party tenant.
Amounts received as rent from a taxable REIT subsidiary are not excluded from rents from real property by reason of the related party rules described above, if the activities of the taxable REIT subsidiary and the nature of the properties it leases meet certain requirements. Taxable REIT subsidiaries will pay regular corporate tax rates on any income they earn. In addition, the taxable REIT subsidiary rules limit the deductibility of interest paid or accrued by a taxable REIT subsidiary to its parent REIT to assure that the taxable REIT subsidiary is subject to an appropriate level of corporate taxation. Further, the rules impose a 100% excise tax on transactions between a taxable REIT subsidiary and its parent REIT or the REIT’s tenants whose terms are not on an arm’s-length basis.
Interest Income. It is possible that we will be paid interest on loans secured by real property. All interest income qualifies under the 95% Gross Income Test, and interest on loans secured by real property qualifies under the 75% Gross Income Test, provided, that in both cases, the interest does not depend, in whole or in part, on the income or profits of any person (excluding amounts based on a fixed percentage of receipts or sales). If a loan is secured by both real property and other property, the interest on it may nevertheless qualify under the 75% Gross Income Test. If we receive interest income with respect to a mortgage loan that is secured by both real property and other property, and the highest principal amount of the loan outstanding during a taxable year exceeds the fair market value of the real property on the date that we committed to acquire the loan, or agreed to modify the loan in a manner that is treated as an acquisition of a new loan for U.S. federal income tax purposes, then the interest income will be apportioned between the real property and the other collateral, and our income from the loan will qualify for purposes of the 75% Gross Income Test only to the extent that the interest is allocable to the real property. For purposes of the preceding sentence, however, pursuant to IRS guidance we do not need to re-determine the fair market value of real property in connection with a loan modification that is occasioned by a default or made at a time when we reasonably believe the modification to the loan will substantially reduce a significant risk of default on the original loan, and any such modification will not be treated as a prohibited transaction. We intend to structure our loans secured by real property so that the amount of the loan does not exceed the fair market value of the real property at the time of the loan commitment so that income generated through any investments in loans secured by real property should be treated as qualifying income under the 75% Gross Income Test.
Dividend Income. We may receive distributions from taxable REIT subsidiaries or other corporations that are not REITs or qualified REIT subsidiaries. These distributions are generally classified as dividends to the extent of the earnings and profits of the distributing corporation. Such distributions generally constitute qualifying income for purposes of the 95% Gross Income Test, but not the 75% Gross Income Test. Any dividends received by us from a REIT will be qualifying income for purposes of both the 95% and 75% Gross Income Tests.
We will monitor the amount of the dividend and other income from our taxable REIT subsidiaries and will take actions intended to keep this income, and any other nonqualifying income, within the limitations of the Gross Income Tests. Although we intend to take these actions to prevent a violation of the Gross Income Tests, we cannot guarantee that such actions will in all cases prevent such a violation.
Prohibited Transaction Income. Any gain that we realize on the sale of an asset (other than foreclosure property) held as inventory or otherwise held primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of business, either directly or through any subsidiary partnership or by a borrower that has issued a shared appreciation mortgage or similar debt instrument to us, will be treated as income from a prohibited transaction that is subject to a 100% penalty tax. Under existing law, whether an asset is held as inventory or primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of a trade or business is a question of fact that depends on all the facts and circumstances surrounding the particular transaction. We intend to conduct our operations so that no asset owned by us is held as inventory or primarily for sale to customers, and that a sale of any asset owned by us will not be in the ordinary course of business. However, the IRS may successfully contend that some or all of the sales made by us, our subsidiary partnerships, or by a borrower that has issued a shared appreciation mortgage or similar debt instrument to us are prohibited transactions. We would be required to pay the 100% penalty tax on our allocable share of the gains resulting from any such sales. The 100% tax will not apply to gains from the sale of assets that are held through a taxable REIT subsidiary, although the gains of any taxable REIT subsidiary will be subject to tax at the regular U.S. federal corporate income tax rates.
Foreclosure Property. Foreclosure property is real property and any personal property incident to such real property (1) that is acquired by a REIT as a result of the REIT having bid on the property at foreclosure or having otherwise reduced the property to ownership or possession by agreement or process of law after there was a default (or default was imminent) on a lease of the property or a mortgage loan held by the REIT and secured by the property, (2) for which the related loan or lease was acquired by the REIT at a time when default was not imminent or anticipated and (3) for which such REIT makes a proper election to treat the property as foreclosure property. REITs generally are subject to tax at the maximum U.S. federal corporate tax rate on any net income from foreclosure property, including any gain from the disposition of the foreclosure property, other than income that would otherwise be qualifying income for purposes of the 75% Gross Income Test. Any gain from the sale of property for which a foreclosure property election has been made will not be subject to the 100% tax on gains from prohibited transactions described above, even if the property would otherwise constitute inventory or dealer property in the hands of the selling REIT. If we believe we will receive any income from foreclosure property that is not qualifying income for purposes of the 75% Gross Income Test, we intend to elect to treat the related property as foreclosure property.
Satisfaction of the Gross Income Tests. Our share of income from the properties primarily will give rise to rental income and gains on sales of the properties, substantially all of which generally will qualify under the 75% Gross Income and 95% Gross Income Tests. The gross income generated by any taxable REIT subsidiaries would not be included in our gross income. However, any dividends from our taxable REIT subsidiary to us would be included in our gross income and qualify for the 95% Gross Income Test, but not the 75% Gross Income Test.
If we fail to satisfy either the 75% Gross Income or 95% Gross Income Tests for any taxable year, we may retain our qualification as a REIT for such year if we satisfy the IRS that (1) the failure was due to reasonable cause and not due to willful neglect, (2) we attach to our return a schedule describing the nature and amount of each item of our gross income, and (3) any incorrect information on such schedule was not due to fraud with intent to evade U.S. federal income tax. If this relief provision is available, we would remain subject to tax equal to the greater of the amount by which we failed the 75% Gross Income Test or the 95% Gross Income Test, as applicable, multiplied by a fraction meant to reflect our profitability.
Annual Distribution Requirements
In addition to the other tests described above, we are required to distribute dividends (other than capital gain dividends) to our stockholders each year in an amount at least equal to the excess of: (1) the sum of: (a) 90% of our REIT taxable income (determined without regard to the deduction for dividends paid and by excluding any net capital gain); and (b) 90% of the net income (after tax) from foreclosure property; less (2) the sum of some types of items of non-cash income. Whether sufficient amounts have been distributed is based on amounts paid in the taxable year to which they relate, or in the following taxable year if we: (1) declared a dividend before the due date of our tax return (including extensions); (2) distribute the dividend within the 12-month period following the close of the taxable year (and not later than the date of the first regular dividend payment made after such declaration); and (3) file an election with our tax return. Additionally, dividends that we declare in October, November or December in a given year payable to stockholders of record in any such month will be treated as having been paid on December 31st of that year so long as the dividends are actually paid during January of the following year.
If we do not distribute 100% of our REIT taxable income, we will be subject to U.S. federal income tax on the undistributed portion. We also will be subject to an excise tax if we fail to currently distribute sufficient income. In order to make the “required distribution” with respect to a calendar year and avoid the excise tax, we must distribute the sum of (1) 85% of our REIT ordinary income for the calendar year, (2) 95% of our REIT capital gain net income for the calendar year, and (3) the excess, if any, of the grossed up required distribution (as defined in the Code) for the preceding calendar year over the distributed amount for that preceding calendar year. Any excise tax liability would be equal to 4% of the difference between the amount required to be distributed and the amount actually distributed and would not be deductible by us.
We intend to pay sufficient dividends each year to satisfy the annual distribution requirements and avoid U.S. federal income and excise taxes on our earnings; however, it may not always be possible to do so. It is possible that we may not have sufficient cash or other liquid assets to meet the annual distribution requirements due to tax accounting rules and other timing differences. Other potential sources of non-cash taxable income include:
| | • “residual interests” in real estate mortgage investment conduits or taxable mortgage pools; |
| | • loans or mortgage-backed securities held as assets that are issued at a discount and require the accrual of taxable economic interest in advance of receipt in cash; and |
| | • loans on which the borrower is permitted to defer cash payments of interest, distressed loans on which we may be required to accrue taxable interest income even though the borrower is unable to make current servicing payments in cash, and debt securities purchased at a discount. |
We will closely monitor the relationship between our REIT taxable income and cash flow, and if necessary to comply with the annual distribution requirements, will attempt to borrow funds to fully provide the necessary cash flow or to pay dividends in the form of taxable in-kind distributions of property, including taxable stock dividends. If we fail to meet the annual distribution requirements as a result of an adjustment to our U.S. federal income tax return by the IRS, or under certain other circumstances, we may cure the failure by paying a “deficiency dividend” (plus penalties and interest to the IRS) within a specified period.
Failure to Qualify
If we fail to continue to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year, we may be eligible for relief provisions if the failures are due to reasonable cause and not willful neglect and if a penalty tax is paid with respect to each failure to satisfy the applicable requirements. If the applicable relief provisions are not available or cannot be met we will not be able to deduct our dividends and will be subject to U.S. federal income tax on our taxable income at regular corporate rates, thereby reducing cash available for distributions. In such event, all distributions to stockholders (to the extent of our current and accumulated earnings and profits) will be taxable as ordinary dividend income. This “double taxation” results from our failure to continue to qualify as a REIT. Unless entitled to relief under specific statutory provisions, we will not be eligible to elect REIT qualification for the four taxable years following the year during which qualification was lost.
Recordkeeping Requirements
We are required to maintain records and request on an annual basis information from specified stockholders. These requirements are designed to assist us in determining the actual ownership of our outstanding stock and maintaining our qualification as a REIT.
Prohibited Transactions
As discussed above, we will be subject to a 100% U.S. federal income tax on any net income derived from “prohibited transactions.” Net income derived from prohibited transactions arises from the sale or exchange of property held for sale to customers in the ordinary course of our business which is not foreclosure property. There is an exception to this rule for the sale of property that:
| | • is a real estate asset under the 75% Asset Test; |
| | • generally has been held for at least two years; |
| | • has aggregate expenditures which are includable in the basis of the property not in excess of 30% of the net selling price; |
| | • in some cases, was held for production of rental income for at least two years; |
| | • in some cases, substantially all of the marketing and development expenditures were made through an independent contractor; and |
| | • when combined with other sales in the year, either does not cause the REIT to have made more than seven sales of property during the taxable year (excluding sales of foreclosure property or in connection with an involuntary conversion) or occurs in a year when the REIT disposes of less than 10% of its assets (measured by U.S. federal income tax basis or fair market value, and ignoring involuntary dispositions and sales of foreclosure property) or occurs in a year when the REIT disposes of less than 20% of its assets if the three-year average adjusted basis or fair market value does not exceed 10%. |
Although we may eventually sell each of the properties, our primary intention in acquiring and operating the properties is the production of rental income and we do not expect to hold any property for sale to customers in the ordinary course of our business. The 100% tax will not apply to gains from the sale of property that is held through a taxable REIT subsidiary or other taxable corporation, although such income will be subject to tax in the hands of the corporation at regular corporate income tax rates. As a general matter, any condominium conversions we might undertake must satisfy these restrictions to avoid being “prohibited transactions,” which will limit the annual number of transactions. See “— Ownership of Interests in Taxable REIT Subsidiaries” above.
Characterization of Property Leases
We may purchase either new or existing properties and lease them to tenants. Our ability to claim certain tax benefits associated with ownership of these properties, such as depreciation, would depend on a determination that the lease transactions are true leases, under which we would be the owner of the leased property for U.S. federal income tax purposes, rather than a conditional sale of the property or a financing transaction. A determination by the IRS that we are not the owner of any properties for U.S. federal income tax purposes may have adverse consequences to us, such as the denial of depreciation deductions (which could affect the determination of our REIT taxable income subject to the distribution requirements) or the aggregate value of our assets invested in real estate (which could affect REIT asset testing).
Derivatives and Hedging Transactions. We and our subsidiaries may enter into hedging transactions with respect to interest rate exposure or currency rate fluctuations on one or more of our assets or liabilities. Any hedging transactions could take a variety of forms, including the use of derivative instruments such as interest rate swap contracts, interest rate cap or floor contracts, futures or forward contracts and options. If we or a pass-through subsidiary enters into such a contract either (i) to reduce interest rate risk on indebtedness incurred or to be incurred to acquire or carry real estate assets or (ii) to manage risk of currency fluctuations with respect to any item of income that would qualify under the 75% Gross Income Test or the 95% Gross Income Test, and, in each case, we clearly and timely identify the transaction, income from the hedging transaction, including gain from the sale or disposition of the financial instrument or any periodic income from the instrument, would not constitute gross income for purposes of the 95% Gross Income Test or 75% Gross Income Test. We intend to structure any hedging transactions in a manner that does not jeopardize our status as a REIT. We may conduct some or all of our hedging activities through a taxable REIT subsidiary or other corporate entity, the income from which may be subject to U.S. federal income tax, rather than participating in the arrangements directly or through pass-through subsidiaries to the extent such income would jeopardize our REIT status. No assurance can be given, however, that our hedging activities will not give rise to income that does not qualify for purposes of either or both of the gross income tests, and will not adversely affect our ability to satisfy the REIT qualification requirements.
Tax Aspects of Investments in Partnerships
General. We currently hold and anticipate holding direct or indirect interests in one or more partnerships, including the operating partnership. We operate as an umbrella partnership REIT, or UPREIT, which is a structure whereby we own a direct interest in the operating partnership, and the operating partnership, in turn, owns the properties and may possibly own interests in other non-corporate entities that own properties. Such non-corporate entities would generally be organized as limited liability companies, partnerships or trusts and would either be disregarded for U.S. federal income tax purposes (if the operating partnership were the sole owner) or treated as partnerships for U.S. federal income tax purposes.
The following is a summary of the U.S. federal income tax consequences of our investment in the operating partnership if the operating partnership is treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes. This discussion should also generally apply to any investment by us in other entities taxable as partnerships for such purposes.
A partnership (that is not a publicly traded partnership taxed as a corporation) is not subject to tax as an entity for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Rather, partners are allocated their allocable share of the items of income, gain, loss, deduction and credit of the partnership, and are potentially subject to tax thereon, without regard to whether the partners receive any distributions from the partnership. We are required to take into account our allocable share of the foregoing items for purposes of the various REIT gross income and asset tests, and in the computation of our REIT taxable income and U.S. federal income tax liability. Further, there can be no assurance that distributions from the operating partnership will be sufficient to pay the tax liabilities resulting from an investment in the operating partnership.
Generally, an entity with two or more members formed as a partnership or limited liability company under state law will be taxed as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes unless it specifically elects otherwise. Because the operating partnership was formed as a partnership under state law, for U.S. federal income tax purposes the operating partnership will be treated as a partnership, if it has two or more partners, or a disregarded entity, if it is treated as having one partner. We intend that interests in the operating partnership (and any partnership invested in by the operating partnership) will fall within one of the “safe harbors” for the partnership to avoid being classified as a publicly traded partnership. However, our ability to satisfy the requirements of some of these safe harbors depends on the results of actual operations and accordingly no assurance can be given that any such partnership will at all times satisfy one of such safe harbors. We reserve the right to not satisfy any safe harbor. Even if a partnership is a publicly traded partnership, it generally will not be treated as a corporation if at least 90% of its gross income in each taxable year is from certain sources, which generally include rents from real property and other types of passive income. We believe that our operating partnership has had and will have sufficient qualifying income so that it would be taxed as a partnership, even if it were treated as a publicly traded partnership.
If for any reason the operating partnership (or any partnership invested in by the operating partnership) is taxable as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes, the character of our assets and items of gross income would change, and as a result, we would most likely be unable to satisfy the applicable REIT requirements under U.S. federal income tax laws discussed above. In addition, any change in the status of any partnership may be treated as a taxable event, in which case we could incur a tax liability without a related cash distribution. Further, if any partnership was treated as a corporation, items of income, gain, loss, deduction and credit of such partnership would be subject to corporate income tax, and the partners of any such partnership would be treated as stockholders, with distributions to such partners being treated as dividends.
Anti-abuse Treasury Regulations have been issued under the partnership provisions of the Code that authorize the IRS, in some abusive transactions involving partnerships, to disregard the form of a transaction and recast it as it deems appropriate. The anti-abuse regulations apply where a partnership is utilized in connection with a transaction (or series of related transactions) with a principal purpose of substantially reducing the present value of the partners’ aggregate U.S. federal tax liability in a manner inconsistent with the intent of the partnership provisions. The anti-abuse regulations contain an example in which a REIT contributes the proceeds of a public offering to a partnership in exchange for a general partnership interest. The limited partners contribute real property assets to the partnership, subject to liabilities that exceed their respective aggregate bases in such property. The example concludes that the use of the partnership is not inconsistent with the intent of the partnership provisions, and thus, cannot be recast by the IRS. However, the anti-abuse regulations are extraordinarily broad in scope and are applied based on an analysis of all the facts and circumstances. As a result, we cannot assure you that the IRS will not attempt to apply the anti-abuse regulations to us. Any such action could potentially jeopardize our qualification as a REIT and materially affect the tax consequences and economic return resulting from an investment in us.
Income Taxation of Partnerships and their Partners. Although a partnership agreement generally will determine the allocation of a partnership’s income and losses among the partners, such allocations may be disregarded for U.S. federal income tax purposes under Code Section 704(b) and the Treasury Regulations promulgated thereunder. If any allocation is not recognized for U.S. federal income tax purposes, the item subject to the allocation will be reallocated in accordance with the partners’ economic interests in the partnership. We believe that the allocations of taxable income and loss in the operating partnership agreement comply with the requirements of Code Section 704(b) and the Treasury Regulations promulgated thereunder.
In some cases, special allocations of net profits or net losses will be required to comply with the U.S. federal income tax principles governing partnership tax allocations. Additionally, pursuant to Code Section 704(c), income, gain, loss and deduction attributable to property contributed to the operating partnership in exchange for units must be allocated in a manner so that the contributing partner is charged with, or benefits from, the unrealized gain or loss attributable to the property at the time of contribution. The amount of such unrealized gain or loss is generally equal to the difference between the fair market value and the adjusted basis of the property at the time of contribution. These allocations are designed to eliminate book-tax differences by allocating to contributing partners lower amounts of depreciation deductions and increased taxable income and gain attributable to the contributed property than would ordinarily be the case for economic or book purposes. With respect to any property purchased by the operating partnership, such property generally will have an initial tax basis equal to its fair market value, and accordingly, Code Section 704(c) will not apply, except as described further below in this paragraph. The application of the principles of Code Section 704(c) in tiered partnership arrangements is not entirely clear. Accordingly, the IRS may assert a different allocation method than the one selected by the operating partnership to cure any book-tax differences. In certain circumstances, we create book-tax differences by adjusting the values of properties for economic or book purposes and generally the rules of Code Section 704(c) would apply to such differences as well.
For properties contributed to the operating partnership, depreciation deductions are calculated based on the transferor’s basis and depreciation method. Because depreciation deductions are based on the transferor’s basis in the contributed property, the operating partnership generally would be entitled to less depreciation than if the properties were purchased in a taxable transaction. The burden of lower depreciation generally will fall first on the contributing partner, but also may reduce the depreciation allocated to other partners.
Gain on the sale or other disposition of depreciable property is characterized as ordinary income (rather than capital gain) to the extent of any depreciation recapture. Buildings and improvements depreciated under the straight-line method of depreciation are generally not subject to depreciation recapture unless the property was held for less than one year. However, individuals, trusts and estates that hold shares either directly or through a pass-through entity may be subject to tax on the disposition on such assets at a rate of 25% rather than at the normal capital gains rate, to the extent that such assets have been depreciated.
Some expenses incurred in the conduct of the operating partnership’s activities may not be deducted in the year they were paid. To the extent this occurs, the taxable income of the operating partnership may exceed its cash receipts for the year in which the expense is paid. As discussed above, the costs of acquiring properties must generally be recovered through depreciation deductions over a number of years. Prepaid interest and loan fees, and prepaid management fees are other examples of expenses that may not be deducted in the year they were paid.
Taxation of U.S. Stockholders
Taxation of Taxable U.S. Stockholders. Generally, for purposes of this discussion, a “U.S. Stockholder” is a person (other than a partnership or entity treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes) that is, for U.S. federal income tax purposes:
| | • an individual citizen or resident of the United States for U.S. federal income tax purposes; |
| | • a corporation, or other entity taxable as a corporation, created or organized in or under the laws of the United States, any state thereof or the District of Columbia; |
| | • an estate the income of which is subject to U.S. federal income taxation regardless of its source; or |
| | • a trust if (1) a court within the United States is able to exercise primary supervision over its administration and one or more U.S. persons have the authority to control all substantial decisions of the trust or (2) the trust has a valid election in effect under current Treasury Regulations to be treated as a U.S. person. |
If a partnership or entity treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes holds our common stock, the U.S. federal income tax treatment of a partner generally will depend upon the status of the partner and the activities of the partnership. A partner of a partnership holding our common stock should consult its own tax advisor regarding the U.S. federal income tax consequences to the partner of the acquisition, ownership and disposition of our stock by the partnership.
Distributions. Distributions that we make to our U.S. Stockholders out of current or accumulated earnings and profits that we do not designate as capital gain dividends or qualified dividend income (as described below) for tax years ending before January 1, 2026 generally will entitle individuals, trusts and estates to the 20% pass-through deduction. Corporate stockholders are not entitled to the pass-through deduction or the dividends-received deduction with respect to our distributions.
Distributions in excess of current and accumulated earnings and profits are treated first as a tax-deferred return of capital to the U.S. Stockholder, reducing the U.S. Stockholder’s tax basis in his, her or its shares of common stock by the amount of such distribution, and then as capital gain. Because our earnings and profits are reduced for depreciation and other non-cash items, it is possible that a portion of each distribution will constitute a tax-deferred return of capital. Additionally, because distributions in excess of earnings and profits reduce the U.S. Stockholder’s basis in our stock, this will increase the U.S. Stockholder’s gain, or reduce the U.S. Stockholder’s loss, on any subsequent sale of the stock.
Distributions that are designated as capital gain dividends will be taxed as long-term capital gain to the extent they do not exceed our actual net capital gain for the taxable year, without regard to the period for which the U.S. Stockholder that receives such distribution has held its stock. However, corporate stockholders may be required to treat up to 20% of some types of capital gain dividends as ordinary income. We also may decide to retain, rather than distribute, our net capital gain and pay any tax thereon. In such instances, U.S. Stockholders would include their proportionate shares of such gain in income as long-term capital gain, receive a credit on their returns for their proportionate share of our tax payments, and increase the tax basis of their shares of stock by the after-tax amount of such gain.
With respect to U.S. Stockholders who are taxed at the rates applicable to individuals, we may elect to designate a portion of our distributions paid to such U.S. Stockholders as “qualified dividend income.” A portion of a distribution that is properly designated as qualified dividend income is taxable to non-corporate U.S. Stockholders as capital gain, provided that the U.S. Stockholder has held the common stock with respect to which the distribution is made for more than 60 days during the 121 day period beginning on the date that is 60 days before the date on which such common stock became ex-dividend with respect to the relevant distribution. The maximum amount of our distributions eligible to be designated as qualified dividend income for a taxable year is equal to the sum of:
| 1) | the qualified dividend income received by us during such taxable year from C corporations (including any taxable REIT subsidiaries); |
| 2) | the amount of earnings and profits accumulated in a non-REIT year that were distributed by the REIT during the taxable year; |
| 3) | the excess of any “undistributed” REIT taxable income recognized during the immediately preceding year over the U.S. federal income tax paid by us with respect to such undistributed REIT taxable income; and |
| 4) | the excess of any income recognized during the immediately preceding year attributable to the sale of a built-in-gain asset that was acquired in a carry-over basis transaction from a non-REIT corporation or had appreciated at the time our REIT election became effective over the U.S. federal income tax paid by us with respect to such built in gain. |
Although U.S. Stockholders generally will recognize taxable income in the year that a distribution is received, any distribution that we declare in October, November or December of any year and that is payable to a U.S. Stockholder of record on a specific date in any such month will be treated as both paid by us and received by the U.S. Stockholder on December 31st of the year it was declared even if paid by us during January of the following calendar year.
We have the ability to declare a large portion of a dividend in shares of our stock. As long as a portion of such dividend is paid in cash (which portion can be as low as 20%) and certain requirements are met, the entire distribution (to the extent of our current or accumulated earnings and profits) will be treated as a dividend for U.S. federal income tax purposes. As a result, U.S. Stockholders will be taxed on 100% of the dividend in the same manner as a cash dividend, even though most of the dividend was paid in shares of our stock. In general, any dividend on shares of our preferred stock will be taxable as a dividend, regardless of whether any portion is paid in stock.
Distributions that we make and gains arising from the sale or exchange by a U.S. Stockholder of our stock will not be treated as passive activity income. As a result, U.S. Stockholders will not be able to apply any “passive losses” against income or gain relating to our stock. To the extent that distributions we make do not constitute a return of capital, they will be treated as investment income for purposes of computing the investment interest limitation.
Any net operating losses or capital losses we have that are carried forward to future tax years may be used in those later years, subject to limitations, to reduce the amount of distributions required to satisfy the REIT distribution requirements. However, because we are not a pass-through entity for U.S. federal income tax purposes, U.S. Stockholders may not use any of our operating or capital losses to reduce their tax liabilities.
Sales of Shares. The amount of net capital gain or loss recognized upon sale or other disposition of shares of our common stock by a U.S. Stockholder would generally equal the difference between (x) the amount of cash and fair market value of any property received in the sale and (y) the U.S. Stockholder’s basis in the shares sold. Gain on a sale of stock by a U.S. non-corporate investor will generally qualify for reduced U.S. federal income tax rates applicable to long-term net capital gain, provided that the investor held the stock for longer than one year prior to the sale. However, any loss from a sale or exchange of shares of our common stock by a U.S. Stockholder who has held the stock for six months or less would generally be treated as a long-term capital loss to the extent that the U.S. Stockholder treated our distributions as long-term capital gain. The use of capital losses is subject to limitations. Gains recognized by U.S. Stockholders that are corporations are subject to U.S. federal income tax at the corporate tax rate. Except in limited circumstances, as discussed above with respect to capital gains dividends or qualified dividend income, the reduced tax rate for long-term net capital gains will not apply to dividends paid by us.
Taxation of Tax-Exempt Stockholders. U.S. tax-exempt entities, including qualified employee pension and profit sharing trusts and individual retirement accounts, generally are exempt from U.S. federal income tax except with respect to their unrelated business taxable income, or “UBTI.” While many investments in real estate may generate UBTI, distributions paid on our common stock should not constitute UBTI unless the tax-exempt entity (i) has borrowed funds or otherwise incurred acquisition indebtedness to acquire its shares of common stock, or (ii) otherwise uses the shares of common stock in an unrelated trade or business.
In certain circumstances, a pension trust that owns more than 10% of our stock could be required to treat a percentage of the dividends as UBTI, if we are a “pension-held REIT.” We will not be a pension-held REIT unless either (1) one pension trust owns more than 25% of the value of our stock, or (2) a group of pension trusts, each individually holding more than 10% of the value of our stock, collectively owns more than 50% of our stock. Certain restrictions on ownership and transfer of our stock should generally prevent a tax-exempt entity from owning more than 10% of the value of our stock, and, in general, should prevent us from becoming a pension-held REIT.
Prospective tax-exempt purchasers should consult their own tax advisors and financial planners as to the applicability of these rules and consequences to their particular circumstances.
Backup Withholding and Information Reporting. We will report to our U.S. Stockholders and the IRS the amount of dividends paid during each calendar year and the amount of any tax withheld. Under the backup withholding rules, a U.S. Stockholder may be subject to backup withholding at the current rate of 24% until December 31, 2025 and 28% thereafter with respect to dividends paid, unless the U.S. Stockholder (1) is a corporation or comes within other exempt categories and, when required, demonstrates this fact or (2) provides a taxpayer identification number or social security number, certifies under penalties of perjury that such number is correct and that such U.S. Stockholder is not subject to backup withholding and otherwise complies with applicable requirements of the backup withholding rules. A U.S. Stockholder that does not provide his, her or its correct taxpayer identification number or social security number may also be subject to penalties imposed by the IRS. In addition, we may be required to withhold a portion of capital gain distribution to any U.S. Stockholder who fails to certify its non-foreign status.
Backup withholding is not an additional tax. Any amounts withheld under the backup withholding rules may be allowed as a refund or a credit against such U.S. Stockholder’s U.S. federal income tax liability, provided the required information is furnished to the IRS.
Taxation of Non-U.S. Stockholders
General. A “Non-U.S. Stockholder” means a person (other than a partnership or entity treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes) that is not a U.S. Stockholder.
Distributions — In General. Distributions paid by us that are not attributable to gain from our sales or exchanges of U.S. real property interests, or “USRPIs,” and that are not designated by us as capital gain dividends will be treated as dividends of ordinary income to the extent that they are made out of our current or accumulated earnings and profits. Ordinary dividends to Non-U.S. Stockholders generally are subject to a 30% withholding tax at the time of distribution, unless such dividend is effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business of the Non-U.S. Stockholder or an applicable tax treaty reduces or eliminates that tax. Under some treaties, lower rates generally applicable to dividends do not apply to dividends from REITs.
If income from the investment in the shares of common stock is treated as effectively connected with the Non-U.S. Stockholder’s conduct of a U.S. trade or business, the Non-U.S. Stockholder generally will be subject to a tax at the graduated rates applicable to ordinary income, in the same manner as U.S. stockholders are taxed with respect to such dividends (and also may be subject to the branch profits tax in the case of a stockholder that is a foreign corporation that is not entitled to any treaty exemption). In general, Non-U.S. Stockholders will not be considered to be engaged in a U.S. trade or business solely as a result of their ownership of our stock.
Distributions in excess of our current and accumulated earnings and profits will not be taxable to a stockholder to the extent they do not exceed the adjusted basis of the stockholder’s shares. Instead, they will reduce the adjusted basis of such shares. To the extent that such distributions exceed the adjusted basis of a Non-U.S. Stockholder’s shares, they will give rise to tax liability if the Non-U.S. Stockholder would otherwise be subject to tax on any gain from the sale or disposition of his shares, as described in the “Sales of Shares” portion of this Section below.
Distributions Attributable to Sale or Exchange of Real Property. Pursuant to the Foreign Investment in Real Property Tax Act of 1980, or “FIRPTA,” a distribution that we make to a Non-U.S. Stockholder, to the extent attributable to gains from dispositions of USRPIs that we hold directly or through pass-through subsidiaries (“USRPI capital gains”) will, except as described below, be considered effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business of the Non-U.S. Stockholder and will be subject to U.S. federal income tax at the rates applicable to U.S. individuals or corporations, without regard to whether we designate the distribution as a capital gain dividend. In addition, we will be required to withhold tax at the highest corporate tax rate then in effect on the portion of any dividend to a Non-U.S. Stockholder constituting USRPI capital gains. Such withheld amounts do not represent actual tax liabilities and are creditable by the Non-U.S. Stockholder against its actual U.S. federal income tax liabilities. The Non-U.S. Stockholder would be entitled to a refund of any amounts withheld in excess of such Non-U.S. Stockholder’s actual U.S. federal income tax liabilities, provided that the Non-U.S. Stockholder files applicable returns or refund claims with the IRS.
Distributions subject to FIRPTA also may be subject to a branch profits tax in the hands of a Non-U.S. Stockholder that is a corporation.
A distribution is not a USRPI capital gain if we held an interest in the underlying asset solely as a creditor. Capital gain dividends received by a Non-U.S. Stockholder that are attributable to dispositions of our assets other than USRPIs are not subject to U.S. income or withholding tax, unless (1) the gain is effectively connected with the Non-U.S. Stockholder’s U.S. trade or business, in which case the Non-U.S. Stockholder would be subject to the same treatment as U.S. Stockholders with respect to such gain, or (2) the Non-U.S. Stockholder is a nonresident alien individual who was present in the United States for 183 days or more during the taxable year and has a “tax home” in the United States, in which case the Non-U.S. Stockholder will incur tax on his or her capital gains.
Sales of Shares. Gain recognized by a Non-U.S. Stockholder upon a sale of shares generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income taxation; provided, that: (1) such gain is not effectively connected with the conduct by such Non-U.S. Stockholder of a trade or business within the U.S.; (2) the Non-U.S. Stockholder is an individual and is not present in the U.S. for 183 days or more during the taxable year and certain other conditions apply; and (3) (A) our REIT is “domestically controlled,” which generally means that less than 50% in value of our shares continues to be held directly or indirectly by foreign persons during a continuous five year period ending on the date of disposition or, if shorter, during the entire period of our existence, or (B) our shares of common stock are “regularly traded” on an established securities market and the selling Non-U.S. Stockholder has not held more than 10% of our outstanding shares of common stock at any time during the five-year period ending on the date of the sale.
We believe that we qualify as “domestically controlled.” If we were not domestically controlled, a Non-U.S. Stockholder’s sale of shares of common stock would be subject to tax, unless the shares of common stock were regularly traded on an established securities market and the selling Non-U.S. Stockholder has not directly, or indirectly, owned during the five-year period ending on the date of sale more than 10% in value of our outstanding shares of common stock. However, it is not anticipated that our shares of common stock will be “regularly traded” on an established securities market. If the gain on the sale of our shares of common stock were to be subject to U.S. federal income taxation, the Non-U.S. Stockholder would be subject to the same treatment as U.S. Stockholders with respect to such gain, and the purchaser of such shares of common stock may be required to withhold a portion of the gross purchase price.
Medicare Tax
Certain net investment income earned by U.S. citizens and resident aliens and certain estates and trusts is subject to a 3.8% Medicare tax. Net investment income includes, among other things, dividends on and capital gains from the sale or other disposition of shares of stock. Holders of shares of our common stock should consult their tax advisors regarding the effect, if any, of this tax on their ownership and disposition of such shares.
Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (FACTA)
Withholding taxes may apply to certain types of payments made to “foreign financial institutions” (including investment entities) and certain other non-U.S. entities as designated in the Code, the Treasury Regulations, or applicable intergovernmental agreement between the United States and a foreign country. A withholding tax of 30% generally will be imposed on dividends on, and gross proceeds from the sale or other disposition of, our common stock paid to (a) a foreign financial institution (as the beneficial owner or as an intermediary for the beneficial owners) unless such foreign financial institution agrees to verify, report and disclose its U.S. accountholders and meets certain other specified requirements or (b) a non-financial foreign entity that is the beneficial owner of the payment unless such entity certifies that it does not have any substantial U.S. owners or furnishes identifying information regarding each substantial U.S. owner and such entity meets certain other specified requirements. Applicable Treasury Regulations provide that these rules generally will apply to payments of dividends on our common stock and to payments of gross proceeds from a sale or other disposition of our common stock. We will not pay any additional amounts in respect of any amounts withheld. U.S. Stockholders and Non-U.S. Stockholders are encouraged to consult their tax advisors regarding the particular consequences to them of this legislation and guidance.
Other Tax Considerations
Distribution Reinvestment Plan. Stockholders who participate in the DRP will recognize taxable dividend income in the amount they would have received had they elected not to participate, even though they receive no cash. These deemed dividends will be treated as actual dividends from us to the participating stockholders and will retain the character and U.S. federal income tax effects applicable to all dividends. See the section entitled “— Taxation of U.S. Stockholders” above. Stock received under the plan will have a holding period beginning with the day after purchase under the DRP, and a U.S. federal income tax basis equal to its cost, which generally is the gross amount of the deemed distribution.
State, Local and Foreign Taxes. We and you may be subject to state, local or foreign taxation in various jurisdictions, including those in which we transact business or reside. Our and your state, local and foreign tax treatment may not conform to the U.S. federal income tax consequences discussed above. Any foreign taxes incurred by us would not pass through to stockholders as a credit against their U.S. federal income tax liability. You should consult your own tax advisors and financial planners regarding the effect of state, local and foreign tax laws on an investment in shares of our common stock.
Legislative Proposals. You should recognize that our and your present U.S. federal income tax treatment may be modified by legislative, judicial or administrative actions at any time, which may be retroactive in effect. The rules dealing with U.S. federal income taxation are constantly under review by Congress, the IRS and the Treasury Department, and statutory changes as well as promulgation of new regulations, revisions to existing statutes, and revised interpretations of established concepts occur frequently. We are not aware of any pending legislation that would materially affect our or your taxation as described in this prospectus. You should, however, consult your advisors concerning the status of legislative proposals that may pertain to a purchase of shares of our common stock.
PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION
We are offering a maximum of $925,000,000 of shares of our common stock to our current stockholders through the DRP. The purchase prices under the DRP will be equal to $23.75 per Class A share, $22.81 per Class T share and $22.81 per Class T-3 share until such time as we report an estimated value per share of each class of our common stock. On and after the date on which we report estimated values of our shares, the purchase prices under the DRP will be equal to the estimated value per share for each class of our common stock, as determined by our board of directors and reported by us from time to time. We expect to provide the first estimated value per share of each class of our common stock no later than February 6, 2018. Assuming that the DRP has not been terminated or suspended in connection with a listing, if a listing occurs, existing Class T shares and Class T-3 shares will convert into Class A shares and all participants will be able to purchase Class A shares at a price equal to 100% of the average daily open and close sales price per Class A share, as reported by the national securities exchange or inter-dealer quotation system, whichever is applicable, on any distribution payment date. We have no basis for estimating the number of shares that will be sold. We will not pay any selling commissions, dealer manager fees or distribution and stockholder servicing fees in connection with the sale of shares pursuant to the DRP.
LEGAL MATTERS
Venable LLP, Baltimore, Maryland, has passed upon the legality of the common stock offered hereby. Proskauer Rose LLP, New York, New York, has given its opinion regarding certain federal income tax considerations.
EXPERTS
The consolidated balance sheets of Inland Residential Properties Trust, Inc. and subsidiaries as of December 31, 2016 and 2015, and the related consolidated statements of operations, equity (deficit), and cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2016, and the related financial statement schedule III, have been incorporated by reference herein and in the registration statement in reliance upon the report of KPMG LLP, independent registered public accounting firm, incorporated by reference herein, and upon the authority of said firm as experts in accounting and auditing.
The following financial statements have also been incorporated by reference herein and in the registration statement in reliance upon the reports of KPMG LLP, independent registered public accounting firm, incorporated by reference herein, and upon the authority of said firm as experts in accounting and auditing:
| • | the historical summary of gross income and direct operating expenses of The Retreat at Market Square for the year ended December 31, 2014; |
| • | the historical summary of gross income and direct operating expenses of Commons at Town Center for the year ended December 31, 2016; and |
| • | the historical summary of gross income and direct operating expenses of Verandas at Mitylene for the year ended December 31, 2016. |
The audit reports related to the above historical summaries of gross income and direct operating expenses refer to the fact that the statements were prepared for the purpose of complying with the rules and regulations of the SEC and are not intended to be a complete presentation of revenues and expenses.
INCORPORATION OF CERTAIN INFORMATION BY REFERENCE
The SEC allows us to “incorporate by reference” into this prospectus the information that we file with it, which means that we can disclose important information about us to you by referring you to those documents. Any information referred to in this way will be regarded as appearing in this prospectus. To the extent that information appearing in a document filed later is inconsistent with prior information, the later information will modify and supersede the prior information, and the prior information, except as modified, will no longer be a part of this prospectus. We incorporate by reference into this prospectus the following documents:
| (a) | Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016 filed with the SEC on March 17, 2017, including the information specifically incorporated by reference from our definitive proxy statement for our 2017 Annual Meeting of Stockholders; |
| (b) | Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2017 filed with the SEC on May 9, 2017; |
| (c) | Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended June 30, 2017 filed with the SEC on August 8, 2017; |
| (d) | Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended September 30, 2017 filed with the SEC on November 7, 2017; |
| (e) | Definitive Proxy Statement filed with the SEC on April 6, 2017 in connection with our Annual Meeting of Stockholders held on June 20, 2017; |
| (f) | Registration Statement on Form 8-A12G (Reg. No. 000-55765) filed with the SEC on March 23, 2017 (which incorporates the description of common stock by reference to the “Description of Securities” section of the prospectus contained in our post-effective amendment no. 9 to the registration statement on Form S-11, as declared effective by the SEC on February 2, 2017 (Reg. No. 333-199129)); |
| (g) | Current Report on Form 8-K/A filed with the SEC on December 16, 2015 (includes the summary select financial statements for The Retreat at Market Square and the required pro forma financial information); |
| (h) | Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on January 24, 2017; |
| (i) | Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on February 2, 2017; |
| (j) | Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on February 17, 2017; |
| (k) | Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on May 4, 2017 (includes the summary select financial statements for Commons at Town Center and the required pro forma financial information); |
| (l) | Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on June 20, 2017; |
| (m) | Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on August 2, 2017; |
| (n) | Current Report on Form 8-K/A filed with the SEC on October 11, 2017 (includes the summary select financial statements for Verandas at Mitylene and the required pro forma financial information); and |
| (o) | all documents subsequently filed with the SEC by us pursuant to Sections 13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act prior to the termination of the DRP. |
Any information that is deemed to be “furnished,” rather than “filed,” with the SEC is not incorporated by reference herein. All of the documents that we have incorporated by reference into this prospectus are available on the SEC’s website, www.sec.gov. In addition, these documents can be inspected and copied at the public reference room maintained by the SEC at 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549. Copies also can be obtained by mail from the public reference room at prescribed rates. Please call the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330 for further information on the operation of the public reference room.
In addition, we will provide to each person, including any beneficial owner of our common stock, to whom this prospectus is delivered, a copy of any or all of the information that we have incorporated by reference into this prospectus, as supplemented, but not delivered with this prospectus. To receive a free copy of any of the documents incorporated by reference in this prospectus, other than exhibits, unless they are specifically incorporated by reference in those documents, call or write us at 2901 Butterfield Road, Oak Brook, Illinois 60523, Attention: Sandra L. Perion, 800-826-8228. The documents also may be accessed on our website at inland-investments.com/inland-residential-trust. The information relating to us contained in this prospectus does not purport to be comprehensive and should be read together with the information contained in the documents incorporated or deemed to be incorporated by reference in this prospectus.
WHERE YOU CAN FIND ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
We are subject to the information requirements of the Exchange Act. Therefore, we file reports and other information with the SEC. You may inspect and copy reports, proxy statements and other information we file with the SEC at the SEC’s public reference room at 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549. You may obtain information on the operation of the public reference room by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. In addition, stockholders will receive annual reports containing audited financial statements with a report thereon by our independent certified public accountants. This prospectus does not contain all information set forth in the Registration Statement and exhibits thereto which we have filed with the SEC under the Securities Act and to which reference is hereby made. We file information electronically with the SEC, and the SEC maintains a web site that contains reports, proxy and information statements and other information regarding registrants (including Inland Residential Properties Trust, Inc.) that file electronically with the SEC. The address of the SEC’s web site is http://www.sec.gov.
EXHIBIT A
INLAND RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES TRUST, INC.
FOURTH AMENDED AND RESTATED DISTRIBUTION REINVESTMENT PLAN
Inland Residential Properties Trust, Inc. (the “Company”), as a service to its stockholders, hereby offers participation in its fourth amended and restated distribution reinvestment plan (the “Plan”). The Plan is designed to provide participants with a simple, convenient and economical way to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock, including shares of the Company’s Class A common stock (the “Class A Shares”), Class T common stock (the “Class T Shares”) and Class T-3 common stock (the “Class T-3 Shares”). Stockholders who choose not to participate in the Plan will receive distributions, in the form declared and paid by the Company.
Purchases of shares will be made directly from the Company and shall be made in the same class as the shares on which the participant received the cash distributions that are being reinvested through the Plan, i.e., distributions paid on Class A Shares will be used to purchase additional Class A Shares, distributions paid on Class T Shares will be used to purchase additional Class T Shares and distributions paid on Class T-3 Shares will be used to purchase additional Class T-3 Shares.
To aid in your understanding of the question-and-answer statements set forth below, you may find the following basic definitions useful:
“Shares registered in your name” means shares of the Company’s common stock for which you are the owner of record. If you own shares of the Company’s common stock but are not the owner of record for those shares, it is likely that the shares you own are registered in the name of another (e.g., in the name of a bank or trustee holding shares of common stock on your behalf) and are held for you by the registered owner in an account in your name.
“Shares enrolled in the Plan” means shares registered in your name that you have chosen to enroll in the Plan. Distributions on all shares enrolled in the Plan are automatically reinvested in additional shares of the Company’s common stock. You do not have to enroll all of your shares of common stock in the Plan.
The following question-and-answer statements define the Company’s Plan, effective as of February 17, 2017.
Purpose
1. What is the purpose of the Plan?
The purpose of the Plan is to provide eligible stockholders (see Question 5) with a simple and convenient way to invest cash distributions in additional shares of the Company’s common stock. The Plan is intended to be used by you as a vehicle for long-term investment in the Company’s common stock.
Maximum Ownership of Shares. To maintain the Company’s qualification as a REIT, no more than 50% of its outstanding shares of common stock may be owned directly or indirectly by five or fewer individuals at any time during July through December of each year. To ensure that the Company meets this test, its charter provides that no person may own more than 9.8% in value of its outstanding stock, or 9.8% in value or in number (whichever is more restrictive) of each class of its shares, without the prior approval of the Company’s board of directors. Therefore, to the extent that any purchase of shares of common stock under the Plan would cause you to own more than 9.8% in value of the Company’s outstanding stock, or 9.8% in value or in number (whichever is more restrictive) of each class of its shares, without the prior approval of the Company’s board of directors, you may not reinvest your distributions to purchase additional shares of common stock.
Investment Options
2. What investment options are available to participants in the Plan?
The Plan provides two options for purchasing additional shares of common stock:
Full Distribution Reinvestment Option. You may have cash distributions on all of your shares of common stock automatically reinvested; or
Partial Distribution Reinvestment Option. You may reinvest cash distributions on a percentage of the shares of common stock you own and continue to receive distributions in the form declared and paid by the Company on the other shares registered in your name. You can take advantage of this option by enrolling in the Plan only that percentage of your shares for which you wish to reinvest distributions.
Benefits and Disadvantages
3. What are the benefits and disadvantages of the Plan?
Benefits. Before deciding whether to participate, you should consider the following benefits of the Plan:
| • | You may purchase additional shares of the Company’s common stock by automatically reinvesting cash distributions on all, or less than all, of the shares registered in your name. You will continue to receive distributions in the form declared and paid by the Company for those shares of common stock that you choose not to enroll in the Plan. |
| • | No commissions, brokerage fees or service charges will be paid by you in connection with purchases under the Plan resulting in a lower purchase price than you would otherwise pay if you acquired shares in our primary offering. In addition, no fees will be paid to Inland Real Estate Investment Corporation, Inland Residential Business Manager & Advisor, Inc., our directors or any of their affiliates in connection with purchases under the Plan. |
| • | Your funds will be fully invested because the Plan permits fractions of shares of common stock to be purchased for you and registered in your name. Distributions on such fractions, as well as on whole shares, will be reinvested in additional shares of common stock and registered in your name. |
| • | Regular statements from the Administrator reflecting all current activity in your account, including purchases, sales and latest balance, will simplify your recordkeeping. |
Disadvantages. Before deciding whether to participate, you should consider the following disadvantages of the Plan:
| • | You will be treated for U.S. federal income tax purposes as receiving a distribution equal to the fair market value of the shares of common stock purchased for you as a result of the reinvestment of cash distributions. This distribution will be taxable to the extent of the Company’s current and accumulated earnings and profits (and to the extent the distribution exceeds both the Company’s current and accumulated earnings and profits and the tax basis in your shares of common stock). Accordingly, you may have a tax liability without a corresponding distribution of cash with which to pay the liability when it comes due. |
| • | You may not know the actual number of shares of common stock purchased for you as a result of the reinvestment of cash distributions until after the applicable Distribution Payment Date, as defined in Question 16. |
| • | You may incur brokerage commissions, fees and income taxes, as described in Question 20. |
| • | We may amend, suspend, modify or terminate the Plan at any time, without the prior consent of participants in the Plan. |
Administration
4. Who administers the Plan for participants?
DST Systems, Inc. (the “Administrator”) administers the Plan, keeps records, sends statements of account to each participant, and performs other duties related to the Plan. Shares purchased under the Plan will be registered in your name.
The Company, in conjunction with the Administrator, may adopt rules and regulations to facilitate the administration of the Plan. The Company reserves the right to interpret the provisions of the Plan, and any rules and regulations adopted in accordance therewith, in its sole discretion. The determination of any matter with respect to the Plan made by the Company in good faith shall be final and conclusive and binding on the Administrator and all participants in the Plan. The Administrator currently acts as distribution disbursing and transfer agent and registrar for the Company’s common stock and may have other business relationships with the Company from time to time.
For answers to questions regarding the Plan and to request Plan forms, please contact the Company at (800) 826-8228.
Eligibility and Enrollment
5. Who is eligible to participate?
If you are a stockholder in the Company and have shares registered in your name, you are eligible to participate in the Plan. If your shares of common stock are registered in a name other than your own (e.g., in the name of a bank or trustee holding shares of common stock on your behalf) and you want to participate in the Plan, you should consult directly with the entity holding your shares to determine if they can enroll in the Plan. You will not be eligible to participate in the Plan, however, if you reside in a jurisdiction in which it is unlawful, or where it is unduly burdensome, for the Company or the Administrator to let you participate.
The Company reserves the right to reject the enrollment of any participant who has abused the Plan through excessive sales, terminations and enrollments, or otherwise (see Questions 1 and 26).
6. When may an eligible person join the Plan?
If you are eligible to participate as described in Question 5 and have been furnished a copy of the Company’s prospectus, you may join the Plan at any time. Your enrollment will become effective as described below in Question 12.
7. What happens if a participant’s financial condition changes after enrollment?
You must notify the Administrator in the event that, at any time during your participation in the Plan, there is any material change in your financial condition, as compared to information previously provided to your broker or financial advisors, or inaccuracy of any representation under the subscription agreement for your initial purchase of securities, including specifically with respect to the concentration limits applicable to residents of certain states. A “material change” also includes any anticipated or actual material decrease in your net worth or annual gross income, or any other material change in circumstances that may be likely to cause you to fail to meet the minimum income and net worth standards or the concentration limits set forth in the Company’s prospectus for your initial purchase of shares or cause your broker or financial advisor to determine that an investment in shares of the Company’s common stock is no longer suitable and appropriate for you.
8. How does an eligible person join the Plan?
You may join the Plan by completing the appropriate section of the subscription agreement or submitting a distribution election form. In the event you wish to enroll shares of common stock that are registered in more than one name (i.e., joint tenants, trustees, etc.), all registered stockholders must sign the subscription agreement.
You should send any original subscription agreement to the address indicated on your subscription agreement. You should send any distribution election forms to the address set forth on the form.
9. Is partial participation possible under the Plan?
Yes. You may elect to enroll in the Plan all, or less than all, of the shares registered in your name.
10. For what reinvestment options does the Election Form provide?
By joining the Plan, you authorize the Administrator to invest in accordance with the Plan all cash distributions paid on your shares then or subsequently enrolled in the Plan. The Plan also provides for the partial enrollment in the Plan of your shares of common stock. If you do not wish all of the shares of common stock held in your name to be enrolled in the Plan, you may designate the percentage of shares of common stock you do wish enrolled.
11. How may a participant change options under the Plan?
As a participant, you may change your reinvestment options at any time by requesting a distribution election form and returning it to the Administrator at the address set forth on the form. Any change in reinvestment option must be received by the Administrator not later than five days prior to the next Distribution Payment Date in order to make a change with respect to that distribution payment (see also Questions 12, 14 and 16).
12. When does enrollment in the Plan become effective?
Your signed subscription agreement will be processed as quickly as practicable after its receipt by the Administrator. Reinvestment of cash distributions on your shares enrolled in the Plan will take place as follows:
| • | If your signed subscription agreement is received by the Administrator prior to or on a record date, reinvestment of distributions on your enrolled shares of common stock will begin with the Distribution Payment Date for that record date. |
For a discussion of record dates and Distribution Payment Dates, see Questions 14 and 16.
Costs
13. Are there any costs to participants in the Plan?
All costs to administer the Plan are paid by the Company, except that you may incur brokerage commissions, fees and income taxes as a result of your participation in the Plan (see Question 20). Distribution and stockholder servicing fees will not be paid on Class T Shares or Class T-3 Shares purchased under the Plan.
Purchases
14. When are the Record Dates and Distribution Payment Dates for the Company’s distributions?
You should not assume that the Company will pay distributions or pay them in any particular amount or on any particular date. The Company’s board of directors will establish Distribution Payment Dates and corresponding record dates.
The Company currently has no plans to declare any special or extraordinary distributions. However, should any such special distribution be declared, the amount due on shares enrolled in the Plan will be paid to your account under the Plan and invested in accordance with the Plan, subject to your right to withdraw at any time.
15. What is the source of shares purchased under the Plan?
The sole source of shares purchased under the Plan is newly issued shares of common stock purchased directly from the Company.
16. When will shares be purchased under the Plan?
Cash distributions reinvested under the Plan will be applied to the purchase of shares of common stock on the dates that cash distributions are paid on the Company’s common stock (each, a “Distribution Payment Date”). Shares generally will be purchased for you and registered in your name on the Distribution Payment Date.
17. What will be the price of the shares purchased under the Plan?
The price per share for the Class A Shares purchased for holders of Class A Shares under the Plan on any Distribution Payment Date will be equal to $23.75 per Class A Share until the earlier of:
| • | the change of the public offering price in a public “reasonable best efforts” offering of the Company’s Class A Shares from $25.00 per Class A Share, if there is a change; and |
| • | termination of any “reasonable best efforts” public offering of the Company’s Class A Shares, unless followed by a subsequent “reasonable best efforts” public offering of Class A Shares. |
After the earlier of (1) the change of the public offering price in a public “reasonable best efforts” offering of the Company’s Class A Shares from $25.00 per Class A Share, if there is a change, and (2) termination of all “reasonable best efforts” public offerings of the Company’s Class A Shares, the price per Class A Share purchased for you under the Plan on any Distribution Payment Date will be equal to one of the following: (i) until such time as the Company reports an estimated value of its Class A Shares, 95% of the last price at which Class A Shares were offered by the Company in a “reasonable best efforts” public offering of its shares; (ii) once reported, the estimated value of a Class A Share; or (iii) assuming that the Plan has not been terminated or suspended in connection with a listing, if a listing occurs, the average daily open and close sales price per Class A Share, as reported by the national securities exchange or inter-dealer quotation system, whichever is applicable, on any Distribution Payment Date.
The price per share for Class T Shares purchased for holders of Class T Shares under the Plan on any Distribution Payment Date will be equal to $22.81 per Class T Share until the earlier of:
| • | the change of the public offering price in a public “reasonable best efforts” offering of the Company’s Class T Shares from $23.95 per Class T Share, if there is a change; and |
| • | termination of any “reasonable best efforts” public offering of the Company’s Class T Shares, unless followed by a subsequent “reasonable best efforts” public offering of Class T Shares. |
After the earlier of (1) the change of the public offering price in a public “reasonable best efforts” offering of the Company’s Class T Shares from $23.95 per Class T Share, if there is a change, and (2) termination of all “reasonable best efforts” public offerings of the Company’s Class T Shares, the price per Class T Share purchased for you under the Plan on any Distribution Payment Date will be equal to the “market price” of a Class T Share. For these purposes, “market price” means, prior to a liquidity event, the last price at which Class T Shares were offered by the Company in a “reasonable best efforts” public offering less selling commissions and dealer manager fees or, once reported, the estimated value of a Class T Share. Assuming that the Plan has not been terminated or suspended in connection with a liquidity event, if a liquidity event occurs, or upon another conversion event described in the Company’s charter, the Class T Shares will convert into Class A Shares, and the price per Class A Share purchased for you under the Plan will be determined in the manner described above for Plan participants who are holders of Class A Shares.
The price per share for Class T-3 Shares purchased for holders of Class T-3 Shares under the Plan on any Distribution Payment Date will be equal to $22.81 per Class T-3 Share until the earlier of:
| • | the change of the public offering price in a public “reasonable best efforts” offering of the Company’s Class T-3 Shares from $24.14 per Class T-3 Share, if there is a change; and |
| • | termination of any “reasonable best efforts” public offering of the Company’s Class T-3 Shares, unless followed by a subsequent “reasonable best efforts” public offering of Class T-3 Shares. |
After the earlier of (1) the change of the public offering price in a public “reasonable best efforts” offering of the Company’s Class T-3 Shares from $24.14 per Class T-3 Share, if there is a change, and (2) termination of all “reasonable best efforts” public offerings of the Company’s Class T-3 Shares, the price per Class T-3 Share purchased for you under the Plan on any Distribution Payment Date will be equal to the “market price” of a Class T-3 Share. For these purposes, “market price” means, prior to a liquidity event, the last price at which Class T-3 Shares were offered by the Company in a “reasonable best efforts” public offering less selling commissions and dealer manager fees or, once reported, the estimated value of a Class T-3 Share. Assuming that the Plan has not been terminated or suspended in connection with a liquidity event, if a liquidity event occurs, or upon another conversion event described in the Company’s charter, the Class T-3 Shares will convert into Class A Shares, and the price per Class A Share purchased for you under the Plan will be determined in the manner described above for Plan participants who are holders of Class A Shares.
18. How many shares will be purchased for participants?
The number of shares of common stock purchased for you depends on the aggregate amount of your cash distributions and the purchase price per share, determined in accordance with Question 17. A number of shares of common stock, including fractions computed to three decimal places, equal to the aggregate amount of your cash distributions on any particular Distribution Payment Date, less taxes on distributions (if applicable, see Question 20 and Question 21), divided by the applicable purchase price per share, will be purchased for you and registered in your name. The Administrator and the Company will not accept orders to purchase a specific number of shares or to purchase on days other than the applicable Distribution Payment Date. The Company will not purchase shares of common stock for you under the Plan to the extent that the purchase would cause you to own more than 9.8% in value of its outstanding stock, or 9.8% in value or in number (whichever is more restrictive) of each class of its shares, unless those limitations are waived by the Company’s board of directors.
19. Will shares purchased through the Plan earn distributions?
Yes. All shares purchased through the Plan, including fractional shares, will be entitled to any cash distributions when and as declared by the Company. Only shares of common stock held as of a record date for a given distribution are entitled to that distribution.
Taxes
20. What are the U.S. federal income tax consequences of participation in the Plan?
The Company believes the following to be an accurate summary of the U.S. federal income tax consequences for Plan participants as of the effective date of this Plan. You are urged to consult with your own tax advisor to determine the particular tax consequences that may result from your participation in the Plan and the subsequent disposition by you of shares of common stock purchased pursuant to the Plan.
(1) Cash distributions reinvested under the Plan are, in effect, treated for U.S. federal income tax purposes as having been received in cash on the Distribution Payment Date even though they are used to purchase additional shares of common stock. You will be treated for U.S. federal income tax purposes as having received, on the Distribution Payment Date, a distribution equal to the sum of (a) the fair market value of any common stock purchased under the Plan (including common stock purchased through reinvestment of dividends on shares held in your account), and (b) any cash distributions actually received by you with respect to your shares of common stock not included in the Plan, and such distribution (provided it is not designated as a capital gain dividend or qualified dividend income) will constitute a taxable dividend to the extent of the Company’s current and accumulated earnings and profits (as determined for U.S. federal income tax purposes) allocable to the distribution. Distributions in excess of the Company’s current and accumulated earnings and profits first will constitute a tax-deferred return of capital that reduces the tax basis in your shares, but not below zero, and then capital gain to the extent the excess distribution exceeds the tax basis in your shares.
(2) The tax basis per share of common stock purchased under the Plan is the fair market value of the share on the Distribution Payment Date on which the share was purchased for you and registered in your name.
(3) The holding period for shares of common stock acquired with reinvested distributions generally will begin on the day following the Distribution Payment Date on which the shares were purchased for you and registered in your name (see Question 16).
(4) A gain or loss may be recognized upon your disposition of common stock purchased through the Plan. The amount of gain or loss recognized will be the difference between the cash and fair market value of property received for the whole or fractional shares of common stock and your tax basis in the whole or fractional shares of common stock. Generally, any gain or loss recognized on the disposition of common stock acquired under the Plan will be treated for U.S. federal income tax purposes as a capital gain or loss.
21. How are U.S. federal income tax withholding provisions applied to participants in the Plan?
If you fail to furnish a valid taxpayer identification number to the Administrator and fail to certify that you are not subject to backup withholding, then the Administrator is required by law under the backup withholding rules to withhold taxes from the amount of distributions and the proceeds from any sale of your shares. Under certain other circumstances, you also may be subject to backup withholding. The withheld amount will be deducted from the amount of distributions and the remaining amount of distributions reinvested. In the case of a sale, the withheld amount will be deducted from the sale proceeds and the remaining amount will be sent to you.
If you are a non-U.S. stockholder you must provide the required U.S. federal income tax certifications to establish your status as a non-U.S. stockholder in order for backup withholding not to apply to you. You also must provide the required certifications if you wish to claim the benefit of exemptions from U.S. federal income tax withholding or reduced withholding rates under a treaty or convention entered into between the United States and your country of residence. If you are a non-U.S. stockholder participating in the Plan whose dividends are subject to U.S. federal income tax withholding, the appropriate amount will be withheld and the balance will be applied to purchase shares of common stock, which will be registered in your name.
Reports to Participants
22. What kinds of reports will be sent to participants in the Plan?
On a quarterly basis, a summary statement of your account will be mailed to you by the Administrator. These statements are your continuing record of current activity including the cost of your purchases and proceeds from your sales in the Plan. In addition, you will be sent copies of other communications sent to holders of the Company’s common stock, including the Company’s annual report, the notice of annual meeting, proxy statement, and the information you will need for reporting your distribution income for U.S. federal income tax purposes. If, after receiving and reviewing this information, you no longer wish to participate in the Plan, you may withdraw from the Plan in accordance with the terms set forth in Questions 24 and 25 below.
All notices, statements and reports from the Administrator and Company to you will be addressed to your latest address of record with the Administrator. Therefore, you must promptly notify the Administrator of any change of address. To be effective with respect to mailings of distribution checks, address changes must be received by the Administrator five business days prior to the next Distribution Payment Date.
Certificates for Shares
23. Will certificates be issued for shares purchased?
No. Shares of the Company’s common stock purchased through the Plan will be issued in book entry form only. This means that we will not issue actual share certificates to you or any holders of the Company’s common stock. The use of book entry only registration protects you against loss, theft or destruction of stock certificates and reduces costs. Shares of common stock purchased through the Plan will be registered in your name. The number of shares of common stock registered in your name will be shown on your statement of your account.
Termination of Participation
24. When may a participant terminate participation in the Plan?
You may request termination of your participation in the Plan at any time. Any distributions earned subsequent to the effective date of your termination will be paid to you in cash unless you re-enroll in the Plan.
25. How does a participant terminate participation in the Plan?
To terminate your participation in the Plan, you must notify the Administrator that you wish to do so. An election form should be sent to the address set forth on the election form.
26. May an individual’s participation be terminated by the Company or the Administrator?
The Company reserves the right to terminate the participation of any participant who, in the Company’s sole discretion, is abusing the Plan or causing undue expense. The Company also reserves the right to suspend or terminate the Plan with respect to participants in one or more jurisdictions.
27. What happens when a participant’s share repurchase request is dishonored or partially dishonored by the Company?
If you make a share repurchase request that is dishonored or partially dishonored by the Company, your participation in the Plan will automatically be terminated as of the date that the request is dishonored. Any distributions earned subsequent to the effective date of your termination will be paid to you in cash unless you re-enroll in the Plan.
Sales of Shares
28. What happens when a participant sells or transfers all of his or her shares?
If you sell or transfer all the shares registered in your name, your participation in the Plan will automatically terminate. Any distributions received after your disposition of the shares (for example, if the shares of common stock are disposed after the record date and before the Distribution Payment Date), will be paid in cash.
29. What happens when a participant sells or transfers some but not all of his or her shares?
If you have elected the “Full Distribution Reinvestment” option described in Question 2, and you transfer or sell a portion of the shares registered in your name, then the Administrator will continue to reinvest the distributions on all remaining shares registered in your name.
If you have elected the “Partial Distribution Reinvestment” option described at Question 2 by enrolling in the Plan only a percentage of the shares you own, and you transfer or sell a portion of the shares registered in your name, then the Administrator will continue to reinvest the distributions on the remaining shares registered in your name up to the number of shares originally enrolled in the Plan. For example, if you requested the Company to enroll in the Plan 50% of the 100 shares registered in your name, and then you transferred or sold 20 shares, the Company would continue to reinvest the distributions on 40 shares. If instead, you transferred or sold 80 shares, the Company would continue to reinvest the distributions on 10 shares.
Other Information
30. What are the responsibilities of the Administrator and the Company under the Plan?
Subject to the limitations contained in the Company’s charter, the Administrator and the Company will not be liable under the Plan for any act done in good faith or for any good faith omission to act, including, without limitation, any claim of liability arising with respect to the prices or times at which shares are purchased for you or any change in the market value of the Company’s common stock.
You should not assume that the Company will pay distributions or pay them in any particular amount or on any particular date.
You should recognize that neither the Administrator nor the Company can assure you of a profit or protect you against a loss on the shares of common stock purchased by you under the Plan.
31. May the Plan be changed or discontinued?
Notwithstanding any other provisions of the Plan, the Company reserves the right to amend, modify, suspend or terminate the Plan at any time, in whole or in part, or in respect to participants in one or more jurisdictions, without the prior consent of participants in the Plan. In the event that the Company amends, suspends or terminates the Plan, however, the Company will mail participants notice of the change at least ten calendar days prior to the change, and the Company will disclose the change in a report filed with the SEC on either Form 8-K, Form 10-Q or Form 10-K, as appropriate.
INLAND RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES TRUST, INC.
Prospectus
Fourth Amended and Restated Distribution Reinvestment Plan
$925,000,000 of Common Stock: Class A Shares, Class T Shares and Class T-3 Shares
ALPHABETICAL INDEX | | PAGE |
| | |
CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS | | 3 |
| | |
DILUTION | | 8 |
| | |
EXPERTS | | 29 |
| | |
FOURTH AMENDED AND RESTATED DISTRIBUTION REINVESTMENT PLAN | | A-1 |
| | |
INCORPORATION OF CERTAIN INFORMATION BY REFERENCE | | 29 |
| | |
LEGAL MATTERS | | 29 |
| | |
MATERIAL U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSIDERATIONS | | 9 |
| | |
PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION | | 29 |
| | |
PROSPECTUS SUMMARY | | 1 |
| | |
RISK FACTORS | | 2 |
| | |
SUMMARY OF OUR FOURTH AMENDED AND RESTATED DISTRIBUTION REINVESTMENT PLAN | | 4 |
| | |
USE OF PROCEEDS | | 8 |
| | |
WHERE YOU CAN FIND ADDITIONAL INFORMATION | | 31 |
We have not authorized any dealer, salesperson or other individual to give any information or to make any representations that are not contained in this prospectus. If any such information or statements are given or made, you should not rely upon such information or representation. This prospectus does not constitute an offer to sell any securities other than those to which this prospectus relates, or an offer to sell, or a solicitation of an offer to buy, to any person in any jurisdiction where such an offer or solicitation would be unlawful. Neither the delivery of this prospectus nor any sale made hereunder will, under any circumstances, create any implication that the information contained or incorporated by reference herein is correct as of any time subsequent to the date of such information.
January 11, 2018
PART II
INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN PROSPECTUS
Item 14. Other Expenses of Issuance and Distribution.
The following table sets forth the costs and expenses to be paid in connection with the sale of common stock being registered by Inland Residential Properties Trust, Inc., sometimes referred to herein as the “Registrant,” all of which will be paid by the Registrant. All amounts are estimates, except the registration fee.
| SEC Registration Fee | | $ | 0 | |
| Printing and Postage Expenses | | 25,000 | ] |
| Legal Fees and Expenses | | 50,000 | |
| Accounting Fees and Expenses | | 60,000 | |
| Blue Sky Fees and Expenses | | 20,000 | |
| Total expenses | | $ | 155,000 | |
Item 15. Indemnification of Directors and Officers.
Under Maryland law, a director will have no liability for monetary damages if the director performs his or her duties in good faith, in a manner he or she reasonably believes to be in our best interests, and with the care that an ordinarily prudent person in a like position would use under similar circumstances. Under Maryland law, the third party challenging the act of a director has the burden of showing that the director did not satisfy this standard of conduct. In addition, we have provided in our charter that no director or officer will be liable to us or to any stockholder for money damages to the extent that Maryland law, in effect from time to time, and our charter permits the limitation of the liability of directors and officers of a corporation. We have included a requirement in our charter that we indemnify and without requiring a preliminary determination of the ultimate entitlement to indemnification, pay, advance or reimburse reasonable expenses to any director or officer from and against any liability or loss to which the director or officer may become subject or which the director or officer may incur by reason of his or her service as a director or officer. Thus, except as described below, our directors and officers will not be liable for monetary damages unless:
| • | the person actually received an improper benefit or profit in money, property or services; and |
| • | the person is held liable based on a final judgment that the person’s action, or failure to act, was the result of active and deliberate dishonesty which was material to the cause of action before the court; |
and, except as described below, our directors and officers will be indemnified against judgments, penalties, fines, settlements and reasonable expenses actually incurred by them in connection with any proceeding to which they may be made or threatened to be made a party by reason of their service in those or other capacities unless it is established that:
| • | the act or omission of the person was material to the matter giving rise to the proceeding and (1) was committed in bad faith or (2) was the result of active and deliberate dishonesty; |
| • | the person actually received an improper personal benefit in money, property or services; or |
| • | in the case of any criminal proceeding, the director or officer had reasonable cause to believe that the act or omission was unlawful. |
A court may order indemnification if it determines that the director or officer is fairly and reasonably entitled to indemnification, even though the director or officer did not meet the prescribed standard of conduct or was adjudged liable on the basis that personal benefit was improperly received. However, indemnification for an adverse judgment in a suit by us or in our right, or for a judgment of liability on the basis that personal benefit was improperly received, is limited to expenses.
Notwithstanding the above, our charter further limits our ability to indemnify our directors, our business manager and their respective affiliates for losses or liability suffered by them and to hold them harmless for losses or liability suffered by us by requiring that the following additional conditions are met:
| • | the person seeking indemnification has determined, in good faith, that the course of conduct that caused the loss or liability was in our best interests; |
| • | the person seeking indemnification was acting on our behalf or performing services for us; |
| • | the liability or loss was not the result of negligence or misconduct on the part of the person seeking indemnification; provided that if the person is or was an independent director, the independent director need only establish that the liability or loss was not the result of that person’s gross negligence or willful misconduct; and |
| • | the indemnification or agreement to be held harmless is recoverable out of our net assets only and not from the personal assets of any stockholder. |
Notwithstanding the above, our charter provides that we will not indemnify any director, our business manager or any of its affiliates for losses, liabilities or expenses arising from or out of an alleged violation of federal or state securities laws unless one or more of the following conditions are satisfied:
| • | there has been a successful adjudication on the merits of each count involving alleged material securities law violations; |
| • | the claims have been dismissed with prejudice on the merits by a court of competent jurisdiction; or |
| • | a court of competent jurisdiction approves a settlement of the claims and finds that indemnification of the settlement and related costs should be made; provided that the court considering the request must be advised of the Securities and Exchange Commission’s (“SEC”) position on indemnity for securities law violations as well as the published position of any state securities regulatory authority in which our securities were offered. |
In addition, our charter provides that we will advance amounts to any director, our business manager or any of its affiliates entitled to indemnification for legal and other expenses and costs incurred as a result of any legal action for which indemnification is being sought only if all of the following conditions are satisfied:
| • | the legal action relates to acts or omissions relating to the performance of duties or services by the person seeking indemnification for us or on our behalf; |
| • | the legal action is initiated by a third party who is not a stockholder or the legal action is initiated by a stockholder acting in his or her capacity as such and a court of competent jurisdiction specifically permits us to advance expenses; and |
| • | the person seeking indemnification provides us with written affirmation of his or her good faith belief that he or she has met the standard of conduct necessary for indemnification and undertakes in writing to repay us the advanced funds, together with interest at the applicable legal rate of interest, if it is later determined that the person seeking indemnification was not entitled to indemnification. |
We may purchase and maintain insurance or provide similar protection on behalf of any director, officer, employee or agent against any liability incurred in any such capacity with us or on our behalf. We may enter into any contract requiring us to indemnify and advance expenses with any director, officer, employee or agent as may be determined by the board and as permitted by our charter.
Item 16. Exhibits.
The following exhibits are filed as part of this Registration Statement on Form S-3:
Exhibit No. | | Description |
| | |
4.1* | | Fourth Amended and Restated Distribution Reinvestment Plan (included as Exhibit A to the prospectus) |
| | |
4.2 | | Amended and Restated Share Repurchase Program, effective October 19, 2015 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to Post-Effective Amendment No. 7 to the Registrant’s Form S-11 Registration Statement, as filed by the Registrant with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 15, 2016 (file number 333-199129)) |
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4.3 | | First Amendment to Amended and Restated Share Repurchase Program, effective March 9, 2017 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K, as filed by the Registrant with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 2, 2017 (file number 333-199129)) |
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4.4 | | First Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership of Inland Residential Operating Partnership, L.P., dated October 27, 2016 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K, as filed by the Registrant with the Securities and Exchange Commission on October 28, 2016 (file number 333-199129)) |
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4.5 | | First Amendment to First Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership of Inland Residential Operating Partnership, L.P., dated February 2, 2017 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K, as filed by the Registrant with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 2, 2017 (file number 333-199129)) |
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5.1* | | Opinion of Venable LLP as to legality of securities |
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8.1* | | Opinion of Proskauer Rose LLP with respect to tax matters |
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23.1* | | Consent of Venable LLP (included in Exhibit 5.1) |
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23.2* | | Consent of Proskauer Rose LLP (included in Exhibit 8.1) |
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23.3* | | Consent of KPMG LLP, Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm |
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24.1* | | Power of Attorney (included on the signature page of the registration statement) |
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99.1* | | Change of Distribution Election Form |
* Filed herewith.
Item 17. Undertakings.
The undersigned Registrant hereby undertakes:
(a) To file, during any period in which offers or sales are being made, a post-effective amendment to this Registration Statement (1) to include any prospectus required by Section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”); (2) to reflect in the prospectus any facts or events arising after the effective date of this Registration Statement (or the most recent post-effective amendment thereof) which, individually or in the aggregate, represent a fundamental change in the information set forth in the Registration Statement; notwithstanding the foregoing, any increase or decrease in volume of securities offered (if the total dollar value of securities offered would not exceed that which was registered) and any deviation from the low or high end of the estimated maximum offering range may be reflected in the form of prospectus filed with the SEC pursuant to Rule 424(b) if, in the aggregate, the changes in volume and price represent no more than a 20% change in the maximum aggregate offering price set forth in the “Calculation of Registration Fee” table in the effective registration statement; and (3) to include any material information with respect to the plan of distribution not previously disclosed in the Registration Statement or any material change to such information in the Registration Statement; provided, however, that clauses (1), (2) and (3) above do not apply if the registration statement is on Form S-3 and the information required to be included in a post-effective amendment by those clauses is contained in reports filed with or furnished to the SEC by the Registrant pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), that are incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement, or is contained in a form of prospectus filed pursuant to Rule 424(b) that is part of the Registration Statement.
(b) (1) That, for the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act, each such post-effective amendment shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof, and (2) to remove from registration by means of a post-effective amendment any of the securities being registered which remain unsold at the termination of the offering.
(c) That, for the purpose of determining liability under the Securities Act to any purchaser, each prospectus filed pursuant to Rule 424(b) under the Securities Act as part of a registration statement relating to an offering, other than registration statements relying on Rule 430B under the Securities Act or other than prospectuses filed in reliance on Rule 430A under the Securities Act, shall be deemed to be part of and included in the Registration Statement as of the date it is first used after effectiveness; provided, however, that no statement made in a registration statement or prospectus that is part of the Registration Statement or made in a document incorporated or deemed incorporated by reference into the Registration Statement or prospectus that is part of the Registration Statement will, as to a purchaser with a time of contract of sale prior to such first use, supersede or modify any statement that was made in the Registration Statement or prospectus that was part of the Registration Statement or made in any such document immediately prior to such date of first use.
(d) That, for purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act, each filing of the Registrant’s annual report pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act (and, where applicable, each filing of any employee benefit plan’s annual report pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act) that is incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the Registrant certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all the requirements for filing on Form S-3 and has duly caused this registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of Oak Brook, State of Illinois, on the 11th day of January, 2018.
| INLAND RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES TRUST, INC. |
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| By: | /s/ Mitchell A. Sabshon |
| Name: | Mitchell A. Sabshon |
| Its: | President and Chief Executive Officer |
POWER OF ATTORNEY
KNOW ALL MEN BY THESE PRESENTS, that each person whose signature appears below hereby constitutes and appoints Roberta S. Matlin and Cathleen M. Hrtanek and each of them, his or her true and lawful attorneys-in-fact and agents, with full power of substitution and resubstitution, for him or her and his or her name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign any and all pre- and post-effective amendments to this registration statement, and to file the same with all exhibits thereto, and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, granting unto said attorneys-in-fact and agents, and each of them, full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite or necessary to be done in and about the premises, as fully to all intents and purposes as he or she might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorneys-in-fact and agents, or any of them, or their, his or her substitutes, may lawfully do or cease to be done by virtue hereof.
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this registration statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
Signature | Title | | Date |
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By: | /s/ Daniel L. Goodwin | | Director and Chairman of the Board | | January 11, 2018 |
Name: | Daniel L. Goodwin | | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | Director, President and Chief Executive Officer | | January 11, 2018 |
By: | /s/ Mitchell A. Sabshon | | (principal executive officer) | | |
Name: | Mitchell A. Sabshon | | | | |
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By: | /s/ Adrian B. Corbiere | | Independent Director | | January 11, 2018 |
Name: | Adrian B. Corbiere | | | | |
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By: | /s/ Meredith W. Mendes | | Independent Director | | January 11, 2018 |
Name: | Meredith W. Mendes | | | | |
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By: | /s/ Michael W. Reid | | Independent Director | | January 11, 2018 |
Name: | Michael W. Reid | | | | |
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By: | /s/ Catherine L. Lynch | | Chief Financial Officer (co-principal financial officer) | | January 11, 2018 |
Name: | Catherine L. Lynch | | | | |
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By: | /s/ David Z. Lichterman | | Vice President, Treasurer and Chief Accounting Officer (co-principal financial officer and principal accounting officer) | | January 11, 2018 |
Name: | David Z. Lichterman | | | | |
Signature Page