Financial Instruments and Fair Value Disclosures | 13. Financial Instruments and Fair Value Disclosures Our principal financial assets consist of cash and cash equivalents, investment securities, amounts due from related parties, derivative instruments, trade accounts receivable, prepaid expenses and other current assets. Our principal financial liabilities consist of long-term debt, accounts payable, amounts due to related parties, and accrued liabilities. (a) Concentration of credit risk: Financial instruments, which may subject us to significant concentrations of credit risk, consist principally of amounts due from our charterers, including the receivables from Helios Pool, and cash and cash equivalents. We limit our credit risk with amounts due from our charterers, including those through the Helios Pool, by performing ongoing credit evaluations of our charterers’ financial condition and generally do not require collateral from our charterers. We limit our credit risk with our cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash by placing it with highly-rated financial institutions and directly or indirectly highly liquid, short term highly rated debt obligations. (b) I nterest rate risk: One of our long-term bank loans is based on SOFR and hence we are exposed to movements thereto. We entered into interest rate swap agreements in order to hedge a majority of our variable interest rate exposure related to our 2023 A&R Debt Facility. We have no exposure to floating rate movements on any of our other debt financings. (c) Fair value measurements: Interest rate swaps are stated at fair value, which is determined using a discounted cash flow approach based on market ‑ based SOFR swap yield rates. SOFR swap rates are observable at commonly quoted intervals for the full terms of the swaps and, therefore, are considered Level 2 items in accordance with the fair value hierarchy. The fair value of the interest rate swap agreements approximates the amount that we would have to pay or receive for the early termination of the agreements. Additionally, we have, at times, taken positions in freight forward agreements (“FFAs”) as economic hedges to reduce the risk related to vessels trading in the spot market and to take advantage of fluctuations in market prices. Customary requirements for trading FFAs include the maintenance of initial and variation margins based on expected volatility, open position and mark-to-market of the contracts. FFAs are recorded as assets/liabilities until they are settled. Changes in fair value prior to settlement are recorded in unrealized gain/(loss) on derivatives. Upon settlement, if the contracted charter rate is less than the average of the rates for the specified route and time period, as reported by an identified index, the seller of the FFA is required to pay the buyer the settlement sum, being an amount equal to the difference between the contracted rate and the settlement rate, multiplied by the number of days in the specified period covered by the FFA. Conversely, if the contracted rate is greater than the settlement rate, the buyer is required to pay the seller the settlement sum. Settlement of FFAs are recorded in realized gain/(loss) on derivatives. FFAs are considered Level 2 items in accordance with the fair value hierarchy. We had no outstanding FFAs as of December 31, 2024. The following table summarizes the location on the balance sheet of the financial assets and liabilities that are carried at fair value on a recurring basis, which comprise our financial derivatives, all of which are considered Level 2 items in accordance with the fair value hierarchy as of: December 31, 2024 March 31, 2024 Current assets Current liabilities Current assets Current liabilities Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments Derivative instruments Derivative instruments Derivative instruments Derivative instruments Interest rate swap agreements $ 946,554 $ — $ 5,139,056 $ — December 31, 2024 March 31, 2024 Other non-current assets Long-term liabilities Other non-current assets Long-term liabilities Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments Derivative instruments Derivative instruments Derivative instruments Derivative instruments Interest rate swap agreements $ 5,198,407 $ — $ 4,145,153 $ — Three months ended Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments Location of gain/(loss) recognized December 31, 2024 December 31, 2023 Forward freight agreements—change in fair value Unrealized gain on derivatives $ 46,220 $ — Interest rate swaps—change in fair value Unrealized gain/(loss) on derivatives $ 2,819,397 $ (6,070,320) Forward freight agreements—realized loss Realized loss on derivatives (498,392) — Interest rate swaps—realized gain Realized gain on derivatives 1,337,298 1,916,347 Gain/(Loss) on derivatives, net $ 3,704,523 $ (4,153,973) Nine months ended Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments Location of gain/(loss) recognized December 31, 2024 December 31, 2023 Interest rate swaps—change in fair value Unrealized loss on derivatives (3,139,248) (1,650,452) Forward freight agreements—realized loss Realized loss on derivatives (512,082) — Interest rate swaps—realized gain Realized gain on derivatives 4,722,356 5,692,328 Gain on derivatives, net $ 1,071,026 $ 4,041,876 As of December 31, 2024 and March 31, 2024, no fair value measurements for assets or liabilities under Level 1 or Level 3 were recognized in the consolidated balance sheets with the exception of Level 1 items cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, and investment securities. We did not have any other assets or liabilities measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis during the three and nine months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023. (d) Book values and fair values of financial instruments: In addition to the derivatives that we are required to record at fair value on our balance sheet (see (c) above) we have investment securities that are recorded at fair value and included in other current assets in our balance sheet and available-for-sale debt securities (U.S. treasury notes with a fair value of $10.0 million as of December 31, 2024 and a face value of $10.0 million maturing March 15, 2025) that are recorded at fair value as a current asset on our balance sheet. We have other financial instruments that are carried at historical cost including trade accounts receivable, amounts due from related parties, cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, accounts payable, amounts due to related parties and accrued liabilities for which the historical carrying value approximates the fair value due to the short-term nature of these financial instruments. The summary of gains and losses on our investment securities included in other gain/(loss), net on our unaudited interim condensed consolidated statements of operations for the periods presented is as follows: Three months ended December 31, 2024 December 31, 2023 Unrealized gain/(loss) on investment securities $ (758,519) $ 103,127 Realized gain on investment securities — 872,557 Net gain/(loss) on investment securities $ (758,519) $ 975,684 Nine months ended December 31, 2024 December 31, 2023 Unrealized gain/(loss) on investment securities $ (1,085,422) $ 1,209,363 Realized gain on investment securities — 872,557 Net gain/(loss) on investment securities $ (1,085,422) $ 2,081,920 We have long-term bank debt, the 2023 A&R Debt Facility, for which we believe the carrying value approximates fair value as the facility bears interest at variable interest rates based on SOFR at December 31, 2024 and 2023, which is observable at commonly quoted intervals for the full terms of the loans, and hence are considered as a Level 2 item in accordance with the fair value hierarchy. We have long-term debt related to the Corsair Japanese Financing, Cresques Japanese Financing, Cratis Japanese Financing, Copernicus Japanese Financing, Chaparral Japanese Financing, Cougar Japanese Financing, Caravelle Japanese Financing, and Captain Markos Dual-Fuel Japanese Financing, (collectively, the “Japanese Financings”) that incur interest at a fixed rate. We have long-term debt related to the BALCAP Facility that incurs interest at a fixed rate. The Japanese Financings and BALCAP Facility are considered Level 2 items in accordance with the fair value hierarchy and the fair value of each is based on a discounted cash flow analysis using current observable interest rates. The following table summarizes the carrying value and estimated fair value of our fixed rate debt obligations as of: December 31, 2024 March 31, 2024 Carrying Value Fair Value Carrying Value Fair Value Corsair Japanese Financing $ 28,708,334 $ 27,470,933 $ 31,145,834 $ 29,624,330 Cresques Japanese Financing 24,282,523 24,595,452 25,608,991 26,180,173 Cratis Japanese Financing 38,440,000 35,443,327 41,500,000 38,302,845 Copernicus Japanese Financing 38,440,000 35,443,327 41,500,000 38,302,845 Chaparral Japanese Financing 57,974,168 55,941,693 59,896,473 57,627,652 Caravelle Japanese Financing 39,800,000 36,473,723 42,500,000 39,003,038 Cougar Japanese Financing 41,000,000 40,713,424 43,700,000 43,715,910 Captain Markos Dual-Fuel Japanese Financing 51,380,000 51,783,963 53,270,000 54,923,798 BALCAP Facility 60,310,821 57,632,555 66,330,459 62,186,682 |