Segment Information | 11. Segment Information Our reportable segments are based upon our internal organizational structure; the manner in which our operations are managed; the criteria used by our Chief Executive Officer, who is our Chief Operating Decision Maker ("CODM"), to evaluate segment performance; the availability of separate financial information; and overall materiality considerations. Our CODM utilizes Adjusted Gross Profit, Adjusted Operating Income and Adjusted EBITDA as the measures of profitability to evaluate performance of our segments and allocate resources. Corporate includes a technology organization that provides development and support activities to our segments. The majority of costs associated with our technology organization are allocated to the segments primarily based on the segments' usage of resources. Benefit expenses, facility costs and depreciation expense on the corporate headquarters building are allocated to the segments based on headcount. Unallocated corporate costs include certain shared expenses such as accounting, finance, human resources, legal, corporate systems, amortization of acquired intangible assets, impairment and related charges, stock-based compensation, restructuring charges, legal reserves and other items not identifiable with one of our segments. We account for significant intersegment transactions as if the transactions were with third parties, that is, at estimated current market prices. The majority of the intersegment revenues and cost of revenues are fees charged by Travel Network to Hospitality Solutions for airline trips booked through our GDS. Our CODM does not review total assets by segment as operating evaluations and resource allocation decisions are not made on the basis of total assets by segment. The performance of our segments is evaluated primarily on Adjusted Gross Profit, Adjusted Operating Income and Adjusted EBITDA which are not recognized terms under GAAP. Our uses of Adjusted Gross Profit, Adjusted Operating Income and Adjusted EBITDA have limitations as analytical tools, and should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for analysis of our results as reported under GAAP. We define Adjusted Gross Profit as operating income adjusted for selling, general and administrative expenses, the cost of revenue portion of depreciation and amortization, amortization of upfront incentive compensation and stock-based compensation included in cost of revenue. We define Adjusted Operating Income as operating income adjusted for joint venture equity income, acquisition-related amortization, acquisition-related costs, litigation (reimbursements) costs, net, and stock-based compensation. We define Adjusted EBITDA as income from continuing operations adjusted for depreciation and amortization of property and equipment, amortization of capitalized implementation costs, acquisition-related amortization, amortization of upfront incentive consideration, interest expense, net, loss on extinguishment of debt, other, net, acquisition-related costs, litigation costs (reimbursements), net, stock-based compensation and provision for income taxes. Segment information for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 is as follows (in thousands): Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30, 2019 2018 2019 2018 Revenue Travel Network $ 724,632 $ 719,685 $ 1,498,600 $ 1,440,821 Airline Solutions 211,833 204,822 424,760 411,425 Hospitality Solutions 73,876 68,314 146,707 136,442 Eliminations (10,335 ) (8,445 ) (20,700 ) (15,943 ) Total revenue $ 1,000,006 $ 984,376 $ 2,049,367 $ 1,972,745 Adjusted Gross Profit (a) Travel Network $ 252,293 $ 275,740 $ 534,973 $ 573,756 Airline Solutions 85,801 84,260 163,932 174,023 Hospitality Solutions 16,767 18,653 32,477 38,896 Corporate (4,423 ) (4,975 ) (7,854 ) (8,418 ) Total $ 350,438 $ 373,678 $ 723,528 $ 778,257 Adjusted Operating Income (b) Travel Network $ 159,797 $ 196,003 $ 352,969 $ 407,847 Airline Solutions 22,660 22,813 38,084 53,525 Hospitality Solutions (5,746 ) 1,964 (11,463 ) 4,101 Corporate (49,758 ) (48,794 ) (96,875 ) (95,891 ) Total $ 126,953 $ 171,986 $ 282,715 $ 369,582 Adjusted EBITDA (c) Travel Network $ 210,364 $ 244,099 $ 453,219 $ 505,686 Airline Solutions 65,945 69,116 124,339 143,535 Hospitality Solutions 7,874 10,954 14,879 22,713 Total segments 284,183 324,169 592,437 671,934 Corporate (48,548 ) (47,167 ) (94,453 ) (93,594 ) Total $ 235,635 $ 277,002 $ 497,984 $ 578,340 Depreciation and amortization Travel Network $ 30,721 $ 28,435 $ 61,276 $ 58,722 Airline Solutions 43,285 46,303 86,255 90,010 Hospitality Solutions 13,620 8,990 26,342 18,612 Total segments 87,626 83,728 173,873 167,344 Corporate 17,221 19,215 34,417 37,475 Total $ 104,847 $ 102,943 $ 208,290 $ 204,819 Capital Expenditures Travel Network $ 4,877 $ 13,744 $ 9,863 $ 28,039 Airline Solutions 11,096 22,825 23,586 47,170 Hospitality Solutions 1,898 8,164 5,394 18,338 Total segments 17,871 44,733 38,843 93,547 Corporate 11,461 22,454 28,353 38,339 Total $ 29,332 $ 67,187 $ 67,196 $ 131,886 ______________________________ (a) The following table sets forth the reconciliation of Adjusted Gross Profit to operating income in our statement of operations (in thousands): Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30, 2019 2018 2019 2018 Adjusted Gross Profit $ 350,438 $ 373,678 $ 723,528 $ 778,257 Less adjustments: Selling, general and administrative 154,705 123,784 306,096 253,895 Cost of revenue adjustments: Depreciation and amortization (1) 86,593 85,013 171,513 168,939 Amortization of upfront incentive consideration (2) 19,846 19,661 38,974 39,117 Stock-based compensation 7,381 6,387 14,625 12,072 Operating income $ 81,913 $ 138,833 $ 192,320 $ 304,234 (b) The following table sets forth the reconciliation of Adjusted Operating Income to operating income in our statement of operations (in thousands): Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30, 2019 2018 2019 2018 Adjusted Operating Income $ 126,953 $ 171,986 $ 282,715 $ 369,582 Less adjustments: Joint venture equity income 413 951 946 2,122 Acquisition-related amortization (1c) 16,011 17,588 31,995 35,178 Acquisition-related costs (5) 8,935 — 20,641 — Litigation costs, net (4) 1,386 1,020 2,824 1,848 Stock-based compensation 18,295 13,594 33,989 26,200 Operating income $ 81,913 $ 138,833 $ 192,320 $ 304,234 (c) The following table sets forth the reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA to income from continuing operations in our statement of operations (in thousands): Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30, 2019 2018 2019 2018 Adjusted EBITDA $ 235,635 $ 277,002 $ 497,984 $ 578,340 Less adjustments: Depreciation and amortization of property and equipment (1a) 79,209 74,960 154,557 149,423 Amortization of capitalized implementation costs (1b) 9,627 10,395 21,738 20,218 Acquisition-related amortization (1c) 16,011 17,588 31,995 35,178 Amortization of upfront incentive consideration (2) 19,846 19,661 38,974 39,117 Interest expense, net 39,608 39,409 77,621 77,518 Loss on extinguishment of debt — — — 633 Other, net (3) 2,479 7,735 4,349 8,841 Acquisition-related costs (5) 8,935 — 20,641 — Litigation costs, net (4) 1,386 1,020 2,824 1,848 Stock-based compensation 18,295 13,594 33,989 26,200 Provision for income taxes 12,145 75 23,988 36,350 Income from continuing operations $ 28,094 $ 92,565 $ 87,308 $ 183,014 ______________________________________________________ (1) Depreciation and amortization expenses: a. Depreciation and amortization of property and equipment includes software developed for internal use. b. Amortization of capitalized implementation costs represents amortization of upfront costs to implement new customer contracts under our SaaS and hosted revenue model, as well as amortization of contract acquisition costs. c. Acquisition-related amortization represents amortization of intangible assets resulting from purchase accounting. (2) Our Travel Network business at times provides upfront incentive consideration to travel agency subscribers at the inception or modification of a service contract, which are capitalized and amortized to cost of revenue over an average expected life of the service contract, generally over three years to ten years . This consideration is made with the objective of increasing the number of clients or to ensure or improve customer loyalty. These service contract terms are established such that the supplier and other fees generated over the life of the contract will exceed the cost of the incentive consideration provided up front. These service contracts with travel agency subscribers require that the customer commit to achieving certain economic objectives and generally have terms requiring repayment of the upfront incentive consideration if those objectives are not met. (3) Other, net primarily includes foreign exchange gains and losses related to the remeasurement of foreign currency denominated balances included in our consolidated balance sheets into the relevant functional currency. (4) Litigation costs, net represent charges associated with antitrust litigation. See Note 10. Contingencies . (5) Acquisition-related costs represent fees and expenses incurred associated with the 2018 agreement to acquire Farelogix Inc. ("Farelogix"). |