| Basis of Presentation, Nature of Business and Significant Accounting Policies and Practices | Note 1. Basis of Presentation, Nature of Business and Significant Accounting Policies and Practices Business Description Heritage Insurance Holdings, Inc. is an insurance holding company. Our insurance subsidiaries are Heritage Property & Casualty Insurance Company (“Heritage P&C”), Zephyr Insurance Company (“Zephyr”), Narragansett Bay Insurance Company (“NBIC”) and Pawtucket Insurance Company (“PIC”). PIC is currently inactive and has no policies in force or outstanding claims. Our other subsidiaries include: Heritage MGA, LLC (“MGA”), the managing general agent that manages substantially all aspects of our insurance subsidiaries’ business; Contractors’ Alliance Network, LLC, our vendor network manager; Skye Lane Properties, LLC, our property management subsidiary; Osprey Re Ltd., our reinsurance subsidiary that may provide a portion of the reinsurance protection purchased by our insurance subsidiaries; Heritage Insurance Claims, LLC, an inactive subsidiary reserved for future development; Zephyr Acquisition Company (“ZAC”); NBIC Holdings, Inc., NBIC Service Company which provides services to NBIC and Westwind Underwriters, Inc., an inactive subsidiary of NBIC Holdings, Inc. Our primary products are personal and commercial residential insurance, which we currently offer in Alabama, California, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Maryland, Massachusetts, Mississippi, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Rhode Island, South Carolina, and Virginia. We conduct our operations under a single reporting segment. Basis of Presentation The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Heritage Insurance Holdings, Inc. and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and all other entities in which the Company has a controlling financial interest (none of which are variable interest entities). All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Use of Estimates The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with United States Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (“U.S. GAAP”) requires us to make estimates and assumptions about future events that affect the amounts reported in our consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. We evaluate our estimates on an ongoing basis when updated information related to such estimates becomes available. We base our estimates on historical experience and information available to us at the time these estimates are made. Actual results could differ materially from these estimates. Cash and Cash Equivalents The Company’s cash and cash equivalents include demand deposits with financial institutions and short-term, highly-liquid financial instruments with original maturities of three months or less when purchased. The carrying amounts reported in the consolidated balance sheets for interest bearing deposits approximate their fair value because of the short maturity of these financial instruments. To the extent there are negative cash balances with any individual financial institution, the Company excludes the negative amount from cash and cash equivalents neg ative cash balances and reports as accounts payable and other liabilities Restricted Cash Restricted cash related to individual state regulatory deposits, was $ 5.4 million for each of the respective years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020. The Company earned interest income of $ 11,918 and $ 33,400 on its restricted cash deposits. Investments Fixed-Maturity Securities The Company classifies all of its investments in debt securities as available-for-sale and reports them at fair value. Subsequent to its acquisition of debt securities available-for-sale, the Company records changes in value through the date of disposition as unrealized holding gains and losses, net of tax effects, and includes them as a component of other comprehensive income. Refer to Note 2 “Investments” to our consolidated statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, for further information. Short-term Securities Short-terms securities have an original maturity of less than one year and are carried at amortized cost, which approximates fair value. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income Accumulated other comprehensive income consists solely of unrealized gains and losses on debt securities available-for-sale, net of tax. Investment Gains and Losses Net realized investment gains and losses are included as a component of pre-tax revenues based upon specific identification of the investments sold on the trade date. Included in net realized and unrealized gains (losses) are credit impairment losses on invested assets other than those investments accounted for using the equity method of accounting described in the “Allowance for Credit Losses” and “Impairment of Other Investments” section discussed below. Allowance for Credit Losses (Available-for-Sale-Debt Securities) The impairment model for available-for-sale (“AFS”) debt securities differs from the current expected credit loss (“CECL”) methodology applied for held to maturity debt securities because AFS debt securities are measured at fair value rather than amortized cost. Although ASC 326 replaced the legacy other-than-temporary impairment (“OTTI”) model with a credit loss model, it retained the fundamental nature of the legacy OTTI model. For AFS debt securities in an unrealized loss position, the Company first assesses whether it intends to sell, or it is more likely than not that it will be required to sell, the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis. If either criteria is met, the security’s amortized cost basis is written down to fair value through income. For AFS debt securities where neither of the criteria are met, the Company evaluates whether the decline in fair value has resulted from credit losses or other factors. In making this assessment, management considers the extent to which fair value is less than amortized cost, any changes to the credit rating of the security by a rating agency, and adverse conditions specifically related to the security, among other factors. If this assessment indicates that a credit loss exists, the present value of cash flows expected to be collected from the security are compared to the amortized cost basis of the security. If the present value of cash flows expected to be collected is less than the amortized cost basis, a credit loss exists and an allowance for credit losses is recorded for the credit loss, limited to the amount that the fair value is less than the amortized cost basis. Under the new guidance, an entity may no longer consider the length of time fair value has been less than amortized cost. As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, management evaluated and determined a credit allowance was not significant to the financial statements. Other Investments Non-Consolidating Variable Interest Entities (“VIEs”) The Company makes passive investments in limited partnerships (“LPs”), corporations, and a Real Estate Investment Trust (“REIT”). The Company determines at the inception of each arrangement whether an entity in which it has made an investment or in which it has other variable interests is considered a variable interest entity ("VIE"). The Company consolidates VIEs when it is determined to be the primary beneficiary. The Company is the primary beneficiary of a VIE when it has the power to direct activities that most significantly affect the economic performance of the VIE and has the obligation to absorb the majority of their losses or benefits. If the Company is not the primary beneficiary in a VIE, it will account for the investment or other variable interests in a VIE in accordance with applicable GAAP. For the year ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, the Company was not the primary beneficiary to any of its other investments and therefore considered the other investments as non-consolidated VIEs. Equity securities that do not result in consolidation and are not accounted for under the equity method, are measured at fair value. Equity securities without a readily determinable fair value are reported at cost, less impairment, unless we identify observable price changes in orderly transactions for the identical or a similar investment of the same issuer (measurement alternative). Change in fair value are reflected in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations. Certain other investments provide the Company with monthly or quarterly return on capital on a regular schedule. Impairment of Other Investments The Company maintains various interests in other investments which are without a readily determinable fair value and are measured at cost less impairment for observable changes in price or impairments or at net asset value. The Company reviews these investments each reporting period to determine whether an impairment or observable price change for the investment has occurred. When such events or changes occur, the Company evaluates the fair value compared to its cost basis in the investment. Gains or losses from a change in fair value are included in net realized gains and unrealized gains and losses in the Company’s consolidated statement of operations. For the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company recorded impairment charges totaling $ 2.2 million on its other investments compared to having no impairment in 2020. Fair Value Major categories of financial assets and liabilities, including short-term investments, other assets and derivatives are measured at fair value on a recurring basis. Certain assets and liabilities are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis when impaired, which include long-lived assets, goodwill, asset retirement obligations and other investments that the Company cannot significantly influence. Fair value is the price that would be received from selling an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. When determining the fair value measurements for assets and liabilities required to be recorded at fair value, the principal or most advantageous market in which we would transact is analyzed. Assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability, such as inherent risk, transfer restrictions, and risk of non-performance, are considered. The Company estimates the fair value of its investments using the closing prices on the last business day of the reporting period, obtained from active markets such as the NYSE and NASDAQ. For securities for which quoted prices in active markets are unavailable, the Company uses observable inputs such as quoted prices in inactive markets, quoted prices in active markets for similar instruments, benchmark interest rates, broker quotes and other relevant inputs. The Company does not have any investments in its portfolio which require the use of unobservable inputs. The Company’s estimate of fair value reflects the interest rate environment that existed as of the close of business on December 31, 2021. Changes in interest rates after December 31, 2021 may affect the fair value of the Company’s investments. The Company’s non-financial assets, such as goodwill and intangible assets, are carried at cost until there are indicators of impairment and are recorded at fair value only when an impairment charge is recognized. Refer to Note 3 “ Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets ” to our consolidated statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, for further information on our 2021 goodwill impairment charge. Long term debt is recorded at carrying value, Refer to Note 14 “ Long-Term Debt” to our consolidated statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, for further information. Premiums The Company records direct and assumed premiums written as revenue net of ceded amounts on a daily pro rata basis over the contract period of the related in force policies or reinsurance contract. For any portion of premiums not earned at the end of the reporting period, the Company records an unearned premium liability. Premiums receivable represents amounts due from our policyholders for billed premiums and related policy fees. We perform a policy-level evaluation to determine the extent to which the balance of premiums receivable exceeds the balance of unearned premiums. When we receive payments on amounts previously charged off, we reduce bad debt expense in the period we receive the payment. Balances in premiums receivable and the associated allowance account are removed upon cancellation of the policy due to non-payment. We recorded $ 451,000 and $ 451,600 allowance for the year ended December 31, 2021 and 2020. Bad debt expense related to uncollectible premiums was $ 0 , $ 161,300 and $ 290,300 for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively. When the Company receives premium payments from policyholders prior to the effective date of the related policy, the Company records an advance premiums liability. On the policy effective date, the Company reduces the advance premium liability and records the premiums as described above. Policy Acquisition Costs The Company incurs policy acquisition costs that vary with, and are directly related to, the production of new business. Policy acquisition costs consist of the following four items: (i) commissions paid to outside agents at the time of policy issuance; (ii) policy administration fees paid to a third-party administrator at the time of policy issuance; (iii) premium taxes; and (iv) inspection fees. The Company capitalizes policy acquisition costs to the extent recoverable, then the Company amortizes those costs over the contract period of the related policy. We earn ceding commission on our gross and net quota share reinsurance contracts. Our accounting policy is to allocate ceding commission between policy acquisition costs and general and administrative expenses for financial reporting purposes. Ceding commission is allocated between policy acquisition costs and general and administrative expenses based upon the proportion these costs bear to production of new business. For the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, we earned ceding commission income of $ 62.7 million and $ 57.1 million of which $ 47.1 million and $ 43.0 million was allocable to policy acquisition costs. Ceding commission income is deferred and recognized over the quota share contract period. The amount and rate of ceding reinsurance commissions earned on the net quota share contract can slide within a prescribed minimum and maximum, depending on loss performance and how future losses develop. Premium Deficiency Reserve At each reporting date, the Company determines whether it has a premium deficiency. A premium deficiency would result if the sum of the Company’s expected losses, deferred policy acquisition costs, and policy maintenance costs (such as costs to store records and costs incurred to collect premiums and pay commissions) exceeded the Company’s related unearned premiums plus investment income. Should the Company determine that a premium deficiency exists, the Company would write off the unrecoverable portion of deferred policy acquisition cost. Reinsurance The Company follows industry practice of reinsuring a portion of our risks. Reinsurance involves transferring, or “ceding”, all or a portion of the risk exposure on policies the Company writes to another insurer, known as a reinsurer. To the extent that the Company’s reinsurers are unable to meet the obligations they assume under the Company’s reinsurance agreements, the Company remains liable for the entire insured loss. As a result, a reasonable possibility exists that an estimated recovery may change significantly in the near term from the amounts included in the Company’s consolidated financial statements. The Company’s reinsurance agreements are generally short-term, prospective contracts. The Company records an asset, prepaid reinsurance premiums, and a liability, reinsurance payable, for the entire contract amount upon commencement of new reinsurance agreements. The Company amortizes its prepaid reinsurance premiums over the 12-month contract period. When the Company incurs losses recoverable under its reinsurance program, the Company records amounts recoverable from its reinsurers on paid losses plus an estimate of amounts recoverable on unpaid losses. The estimate of amounts recoverable on unpaid losses is a function of the Company’s liability for unpaid losses associated with the reinsured policies; therefore, the amount changes in conjunction with any changes to the estimate of unpaid losses. Given that an estimate of amounts recoverable from reinsurers on unpaid losses may change at any point in the future because of its relation to the Company’s reserves for unpaid losses, a reasonable possibility exists that an estimated recovery may change significantly from initial estimates. . The Company remains liable for claims payments if any reinsurer is unable to meet its obligations under the reinsurance agreements. Failure of reinsurers to honor their obligations could result in losses to the Company. The Company evaluates the financial condition of its reinsurers and monitors concentration of credit risk arising from similar geographic regions, activities or economics characteristics of the reinsurers to minimize its exposure to significant loses from reinsurers insolvencies. The Company contracts with a diverse population of reinsurers to secure its annual reinsurance coverage, for which the excess of loss treaties generally become effective June 1st each year. Allowance for Credit Losses for Reinsurance Recoverables The allowance for credit losses for reinsurance recoverable is evaluated based on historical loss experience adjusted for current events and reasonable and supportable forecasts from both internal and external sources. The Company monitors the credit quality of its reinsurance recoverables through the use of A.M. Best’s Financial Strength rating ("FSR"), or in the absence of an FSR consideration of credit ratings issued by approved rating agencies such as S&P, Moody’s, or Fitch. At December 31, 2021, the determination of the allowance for credit losses on reinsurance recoverables included analysis of (i) reinsurance recoverable balances by reinsurer FSR, (ii) estimated payment patterns associated with the claims underlying the reinsurance balances and (iii) historical default rates by reinsurer FSR as published by A.M. Best. In addition to the quantitative analysis, qualitative factors considered include but are not limited to (i) global reinsurer capital level, (ii) reinsurance market trends, (iii) the low interest rate environment and (iv) the stressed global economy, including the impact of COVID-19. Reinsurance recoverables are reported on the consolidated balance sheets net of the CECL allowance, if any. Long-Lived Assets—Property and Equipment Property and equipment is stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation is calculated on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives as follows: building— 40 years ; computer hardware and software 3-years ; office and furniture equipment— 3 to 7 years . Leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of the lease term or the asset’s useful life. Expenditures for improvements are capitalized to the property accounts. Replacements and maintenance and repairs that do not improve or extend the life of the respective assets are expensed as incurred. Leases We lease office space under finance and operating leases with expiration dates through 2031 . We determine whether an arrangement constitutes a lease and record lease liabilities and right-of-use assets on our consolidated balance sheets at lease commencement. We primarily use our incremental borrowing rates for our operating leases (rates are not readily determinable) and implicit rates for our financing leases in determining the present value of lease payments. The Company used the implicit rates within the finance leases. We measure right-of-use assets based on the corresponding lease liability adjusted for (i) payments made to the lessor at or before the commencement date, (ii) initial direct costs we incur and (iii) tenant incentives under the lease. We begin recognizing rent expense when the lessor makes the underlying asset available to us, we do not assume renewals or early terminations unless we are reasonably certain to exercise these options at commencement, and we do not allocate consideration between lease and non-lease components. For short-term leases, we record rent expense in our consolidated statements of operations on a straight-line basis over the lease term and record variable lease payments as incurred. Goodw ill and Intangible Assets On January 1, 2020, the Company adopted ASU 2017-04, Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment (ASC 350) ("ASU 2017-04"), which changed the guidance on goodwill impairment. Under the new guidance, the qualitative assessment of the recoverability of goodwill remains the same, but the second step of the two-step quantitative test, which required calculation of the implied fair value of goodwill, has been eliminated. Instead, an impairment charge is recognized when the carrying value of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value. Any excess of carrying value over fair value is written down as an impairment. This evaluation is performed annually, during the fourth quarter or more frequently if facts and circumstances warrant. An impairment loss would be recognized if, and to the extent that, the carrying value of goodwill exceeded the implied value. The Company reviews amortizable intangible assets for impairment whenever events or circumstances indicate that carrying amounts may not be recoverable. If the Company concludes that impairment exists, the carrying amount is reduced to fair value. Refer to Note 3 “ Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets ” to our consolidated statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, for further information on our 2021 goodwill impairment charge. " Unpaid Losses and Loss Adjustment Expenses The Company’s reserves for unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses represent the estimated ultimate cost of settling all reported claims plus all claims we incurred related to insured events that have occurred as of the reporting date, but that policyholders have not yet reported to the Company (incurred but not reported, or “IBNR”). The reserve for unpaid losses is the estimate of amounts necessary to settle all reported and unreported incurred claims for the ultimate cost of insured losses, based upon the facts of each case and the Company’s experience with similar cases. Salvage and subrogation are deducted from the reserve for claims and claims expense on a cash basis. The establishment of appropriate reserves, including reserves for catastrophe losses, is an inherently uncertain and complex process. Reserve estimates are primarily derived using an actuarial estimation process in which historical loss patterns are applied to actual paid losses and reported losses (paid losses plus individual case reserves established by claim adjusters) for an accident or report year to create an estimate of how losses are likely to develop over time. Development factors are calculated quarterly and periodically throughout the year for data elements such as claims reported and settled, paid losses, and paid losses combined with case reserves. The historical development patterns for these data elements are used as the assumptions to calculate reserve estimates, including the reserves for reported and unreported claims. Reserve estimates are regularly reviewed and updated, using the most current information available. Any resulting re-estimates are reflected in current results of operations. The Company reports its reserves for unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses gross of the amounts related to unpaid losses recoverable from reinsurers and reports loss and loss adjustment expenses net of amounts ceded to reinsurers. The Company does not discount its loss reserves for financial statement purposes. Other Revenue Our insurance affiliates may charge policyholders a policy fee on each policy written; to the extent these fees are not subject to refund, and the Company recognizes the income immediately when collected, which coincide with related service obligations. The Company also charges pay-plan fees to policyholders that pay its premiums in more than one installment and records the fees as income when collected. Other income also includes rental income due under non-cancelable leases for space at the Company’s commercial property. Assessments Guaranty fund and other insurance-related assessments imposed upon the Company’s insurance company affiliates are recorded as policy acquisition costs in the period the regulatory agency imposes the assessment. To recover guaranty or other insurance-related assessments, the Company recoups such assessments from our policyholders in the form of a policy surcharge. Once the recoupment period begins, the entire recoupment amount is recorded as an asset on our balance sheet. There were no assessments during the periods presented. The Company collects other assessments imposed upon policyholders as a policy surcharge and records the amounts collected as a liability until the Company remits the amounts to the regulatory agency that imposed the assessment. Convertible Notes In August 2017 and September 2017, the Company issued collectively $ 136.8 million of 5.875 % Convertible Senior Notes (the “Convertible Notes”) due August 1, 2037 . The Convertible notes are accounted for in accordance with ASC 470-20. At the time of issuance and until December 1, 2017, the Company recorded the fair value of the derivatives on its balance sheet at fair value with changes in the values of these derivatives reflected in the consolidated statement of operations. As of December 31, 2021, the Company has $ 23.4 million of the Convertible Notes outstanding. This amount is net of $ 21.1 million of Convertible Notes reacquired and held by an insurance company subsidiary. Refer to the paragraph below under Debt Extinguishmen t for accompanying information regarding the repurchases, and Note 14 “ Long-Term Debt” to our consolidated statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, for further information . Debt Extinguishment The Company has reacquired Convertible Notes over a series of transactions in 2019, 2018 and most recently in January 2022. In accordance with ASC 470 “ Debt ”, the Company evaluated the accounting treatment to determine if the repurchase of the Convertible Notes constituted a debt extinguishment. ASC 405-20-40-1 provides implementation guidance in order to determine if the Company is legally released from being the primary obligor under the liability, either judicially or by the creditor. Based on the reacquisition of the Convertible Notes, the Company derecognized the related debt and conversion option liability. Upon extinguishment, the Company performed a discounted cash flow (“DCF”) analysis for each transaction based on its date and principal amount, leveraging market debt yield data as of each trade date to estimate the costs of the debt. Debt Issuance and Discount Costs In connection with the issuance of debt, any debt issuance and discount costs are reflected on the balance sheet as an offset to long-term debt and amortized using the effective interest method over the life of the underlying debt instrument. Stock-Based Compensation The Company measures stock-based compensation at the grant date based on the fair value of the award and recognizes stock-based compensation expense over the requisite vesting period in accordance with ASC Topic 718, Compensation—Stock Compensation . Restricted stock awards are valued based on the fair value of the stock on the grant date and the related compensation expense is recognized over the vesting period. For awards with performance-based vesting conditions expense is not recognized until it is determined that it is probable the performance-based conditions will be met. When achievement of a performance-based condition is probable, a catch-up of expense will be recorded as if the award had been vesting on a straight line basis from the award date. The award will continue to be expensed on a straight-line basis until probability of achieving the performance-based conditions changes, if applicable. Earnings Per Share Basic net earnings per share is computed by dividing net income by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the reporting period. Diluted net earnings per share is computed by dividing net income by the weighted average number of common and common equivalent shares outstanding during the reported period. Common equivalent shares include incremental shares from diluted vested and unvested restricted shares and convertible notes outstanding during the period using the treasury stock method. Income tax Income taxes are accounted for under the asset and liability method, that recognizes the amount of income taxes payable or refundable for the current year and recognizes deferred tax assets and liabilities based on the tax rates expected to be in effect during the periods in which the temporary differences reverse. Temporary differences arise when income or expenses are recognized in different periods in the consolidated financial statements than on the tax returns. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance if it is more likely than not that all, or some portion, of the benefits related to deferred tax assets will not be realized. Income taxes includes both estimated federal and state income taxes. Reclassification Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation. The Company has reclassed from other assets and accounts payable, the right-of-use lease asset and lease liability, respectively on the balance sheet for the year 2020 to conform to the current year's presentation. This also changed presentation only on the Statement of Cashflows for 2020 and 2019. No presentation changes impacted the Changes in Stockholders' Equity or the Statement of Operations. Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted The Company describes below recent pronouncements that may have a significant effect on its consolidated financial statements or on its disclosures upon future adoption. The Company does not discuss recent pronouncements that are not anticipated to have an impact on, or are unrelated to, its financial condition, results of operations, or related disclosures. In August 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-06 related to the measurement and disclosure requirements for convertible instruments and contracts in an entity’s own equity. The pronouncement simplifies and adds disclosure requirements for the accounting and measurement of convertible instruments and the settlement assessment for contracts in an entity’s in own equity. This pronouncement is effective for fiscal years, and for interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2021. The Company expects that its adoption of ASU 2020-06 will not have an impact on its senior convertible notes. The Company expects that in the periods in which the Company reports a net income, the number of shares outstanding for the diluted earnings per share calculation will include approximately 2.8 million additional shares under the if-converted method, impacting the Company's consolidated EPS results. The Company intends to adopt the ASU 2020-06 during the first quarter of 2022. In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting , which provides optional expedients and exceptions for applying generally accepted accounting principles to certain contract modifications and hedging relationships that reference London Inter-bank Offered Rate (LIBOR) or another reference rate expected to be discontinued. The guidance is effective for contract modifications made between March 12, 2020 and December 31, 2022. The new guidance reduces the operational and financial impacts of contract modifications that replace a reference rate, such as London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR), affected by reference rate reform. The adoption of the new guidance provides relief from curre |
