Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | NOTE 2 - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES The accounting and reporting policies of the Company and its subsidiary conform to accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (GAAP) and predominant practices within the banking industry. The consolidated financial statements were prepared using the accrual basis of accounting. The significant accounting policies are summarized below to assist the reader in better understanding the consolidated financial statements and other data contained herein. BASIS OF PRESENTATION: The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiary the Bank, and the Bank’s wholly-owned subsidiary, MCBSC, Inc., which is used to hold investment securities. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in the consolidation. USE OF ESTIMATES: In preparing consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, management is required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities as of the date of the consolidated balance sheet and reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Material estimates that are particularly susceptible to significant change in the near-term relate to the determination of the allowance for loan losses and the valuation of deferred tax assets. RECLASSIFICATIONS: Certain amounts in the prior year have been reclassified to be consistent with the current year’s presentation. CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS: For purposes of reporting cash flows, cash and cash equivalents include cash, amounts due from banks, money market funds and federal funds sold. As of December 31, 2016, the Company has total cash and cash equivalents in the following banks: Eastern Bank $815,000 which represents approximately 1.9% of total stockholders’ equity State Street Bank $2,992,000 which represents approximately 6.9% of total stockholders’ equity As of December 31, 2015, the Company has total cash and cash equivalents in the following banks: Eastern Bank $6,414,000 which represents approximately 14.0% of stockholders’ equity State Street Bank $2,993,000 which represents approximately 6.6% of stockholders’ equity SECURITIES: Investments in debt securities are adjusted for amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts computed so as to approximate the interest method. Gains or losses on sales of investment securities are computed on a specific identification basis. The Company classifies debt and equity securities into one of three categories: held-to-maturity, available-for-sale, held-to-maturity available-for-sale. • Held-to-maturity • Available-for-sale • Trading securities are carried at fair value on the consolidated balance sheets. Unrealized holding gains and losses for trading securities are included in earnings. For any debt security with a fair value less than its amortized cost basis, the Company will determine whether it has the intent to sell the debt security or whether it is more likely than not it will be required to sell the debt security before the recovery of its amortized cost basis. If either condition is met, the Company will recognize a full impairment charge to earnings. For all other debt securities that are considered other-than-temporarily impaired and do not meet either condition, the credit loss portion of impairment will be recognized in earnings as realized losses. The other-than-temporary impairment related to all other factors will be recorded in other comprehensive income. Declines in marketable equity securities below their cost that are deemed other-than-temporary are reflected in earnings as realized losses. As a member of the Federal Home Loan Bank of Boston (FHLB), the Company is required to invest in $100 par value stock of the FHLB. The FHLB capital structure mandates that members must own stock as determined by their Total Stock Investment Requirement which is the sum of a member’s Membership Stock Investment Requirement and Activity-Based Stock Investment Requirement. Management evaluates the Company’s investment in FHLB stock for other-than-temporary impairment at least on a quarterly basis and more frequently when economic or market conditions warrant such evaluation. Based on its most recent analysis of the FHLB as of December 31, 2016, management deems its investment in FHLB stock to be not other-than-temporarily impaired. LOANS: Loans receivable that management has the intent and ability to hold until maturity or payoff are reported at their outstanding principal balances adjusted for amounts due to borrowers on unadvanced loans, any charge-offs, the allowance for loan losses and any deferred fees or costs on originated loans, or unamortized premiums or discounts on purchased loans. Loan origination and commitment fees and certain direct origination costs are deferred, and the net amount amortized as an adjustment of the related loan’s yield. The Company is amortizing these amounts over the contractual lives of the related loans. Residential real estate loans are generally placed on nonaccrual when reaching 90 days past due or in process of foreclosure. All closed-end Cash receipts of interest income on impaired loans are credited to principal to the extent necessary to eliminate doubt as to the collectability of the net carrying amount of the loan. Some or all of the cash receipts of interest income on impaired loans are recognized as interest income if the remaining net carrying amount of the loan is deemed to be fully collectible. When recognition of interest income on an impaired loan on a cash basis is appropriate, the amount of income that is recognized is limited to that which would have been accrued on the net carrying amount of the loan at the contractual interest rate. Any cash interest payments received in excess of the limit and not applied to reduce the net carrying amount of the loan are recorded as recoveries of charge-offs until the charge-offs are fully recovered. ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES: The allowance for loan losses is established as losses are estimated to have occurred through a provision for loan losses charged to earnings. Loan losses are charged against the allowance when management believes the uncollectability of a loan balance are confirmed. Subsequent recoveries, if any, are credited to the allowance. The allowance for loan losses is evaluated on a regular basis by management and is based upon management’s periodic review of the collectability of the loans in light of historical experience, the nature and volume of the loan portfolio, adverse situations that may affect the borrower’s ability to repay, estimated value of any underlying collateral and prevailing economic conditions. This evaluation is inherently subjective as it requires estimates that are susceptible to significant revision as more information becomes available. General Component: The general component of the allowance for loan losses is based on historical loss experience adjusted for qualitative factors stratified by the following loan segments: one- The qualitative factors are determined based on the various risk characteristics of each loan segment. Risk characteristics relevant to each portfolio segment are as follows: One- loan-to-value loan-to-value Commercial real estate: Loans in this segment are primarily income-producing properties throughout Massachusetts. The underlying cash flows generated by the properties are adversely impacted by a downturn in the economy as evidenced by increased vacancy rates, which in turn, will have an effect on the credit quality in this segment. Loans in this segment also include loans secured by multifamily dwellings. Management periodically obtains rent rolls and continually monitors the cash flows of these loans. Construction loans: Loans in this segment primarily include speculative real estate development loans for which payment is derived from sale of the property. Credit risk is affected by cost overruns, time to sell at an adequate price, and market conditions. Consumer loans: Loans in this segment are generally secured and repayment is dependent on the credit quality of the individual borrower. Loans in this segment include auto loans and other consumer loans. Allocated Component: The allocated component relates to loans that are classified as impaired. Impairment is measured on a loan by loan basis for commercial real estate and construction loans by either the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate or the fair value of the collateral if the loan is collateral dependent. An allowance is established when the discounted cash flows (or collateral value) of the impaired loan is lower than the carrying value of that loan. Large groups of smaller balance homogeneous loans are collectively evaluated for impairment. Accordingly, the Company does not separately identify individual consumer and one- A loan is considered impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect the scheduled payments of principal or interest when due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Factors considered by management in determining impairment include payment status, collateral value, and the probability of collecting scheduled principal and interest payments when due. Loans that experience insignificant payment delays and payment shortfalls generally are not classified as impaired. Management determines the significance of payment delays and payment shortfalls on a case-by-case The Company periodically may agree to modify the contractual terms of loans. When a loan is modified and a concession is made to a borrower experiencing financial difficulty, the modification is considered a troubled debt restructuring (“TDR”). All TDRs are initially classified as impaired. Unallocated Component: An unallocated component is maintained to cover uncertainties that could affect management’s estimate of probable losses. The unallocated component of the allowance reflects the margin of imprecision inherent in the underlying assumptions used in the methodologies for estimating allocated and general reserves in the portfolio. PREMISES AND EQUIPMENT: Land is carried at cost. Buildings and equipment are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Cost and related allowances for depreciation and amortization of premises and equipment retired or otherwise disposed of are removed from the respective accounts with any gain or loss included in income or expense. Depreciation and amortization are calculated principally on the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets. Estimated lives are 15 to 40 years for buildings and 3 to 10 years for furniture and equipment. Premises and equipment are periodically evaluated for impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying amount may not be recoverable. Impairment exists when the expected undiscounted future cash flows of premises and equipment are less than its carrying amount. In that event, the Company records a loss for the difference between the carrying amount and the fair value of the asset based on quoted market prices, if applicable, or a discounted cash flow analysis. BANK-OWNED LIFE INSURANCE: The Company has purchased insurance policies on the lives of certain directors, executive officers and employees. Bank-owned life insurance policies are reflected on the consolidated balance sheets at cash surrender value. Changes in net cash surrender value of the policies, as well as insurance proceeds received, are reflected in non-interest ADVERTISING: The Company directly expenses costs associated with advertising as they are incurred. Advertising expense for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 amounted to $146,000 and $143,000, respectively. INCOME TAXES: The Company recognizes income taxes under the asset and liability method. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are established for the temporary differences between the accounting basis and the tax basis of the Company’s assets and liabilities at enacted tax rates expected to be in effect when the amounts related to such temporary differences are realized or settled. EMPLOYEE STOCK OWNERSHIP PLAN: Compensation expense for the Employee Stock Ownership Plan (“ESOP”) is recorded at an amount equal to the shares allocated by the ESOP multiplied by the average fair value of the shares during the period. The Company recognizes compensation expense based upon the Company’s estimate of the number of shares expected to be allocated by the ESOP. Unearned compensation applicable to the ESOP is reflected as a reduction of stockholders’ equity in the consolidated balance sheet. The difference between the average fair value and the cost of shares allocated by the ESOP is recorded as an adjustment to additional paid-in-capital. STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION: The Company recognizes stock-based compensation based on the grant-date fair value of the award adjusted for expected forfeitures. The Company values share-based stock option awards granted using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. The Company recognizes compensation expense for its awards on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period for the entire award (straight-line attribution method), ensuring that the amount of compensation cost recognized at any date at least equals the portion of the grant-date fair value of the award that is vested at that time. EARNINGS PER SHARE (EPS): When presented, basic EPS is computed by dividing income available to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted EPS reflects the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue common stock were exercised or converted into common stock or resulted in the issuance of common stock that then shared in the earnings of the entity. For the purposes of computing diluted EPS, the treasury stock method is used. Unallocated ESOP shares and unearned shares of restricted stock are not deemed outstanding for earnings per share calculations. The calculation of basic and diluted EPS is presented below. Year Ended Year Ended (Dollars in Thousands) Net income $ 1,422 $ 658 Basic Common Shares: Weighted average common shares outstanding 2,660,521 2,825,847 Weighted average shares - unearned restricted stock (26,333 ) — Weighted average unallocated ESOP shares (207,501 ) (218,820 ) Basic weighted average shares outstanding 2,426,687 2,607,027 Dilutive effect of unvested restricted stock awards 811 — Diluted weighted average shares outstanding 2,427,498 2,607,027 Basic earnings per share $ 0.59 $ 0.25 Diluted earnings per share (1) $ 0.59 $ 0.25 (1) Options to purchase 224,200 shares, representing all outstanding options, were not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share for the year ended December 31, 2016 because the effect is anti-dilutive. As of and during the year ended December 31, 2015, there were no potentially dilutive securities or contracts to issue common stock. FAIR VALUES OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS: Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 825, “Financial Instruments,” requires that the Company disclose the estimated fair value for its financial instruments. Fair value methods and assumptions used by the Company in estimating its fair value disclosures are as follows: Cash and cash equivalents: The carrying amounts reported in the balance sheets for cash and cash equivalents approximate those assets’ fair values. Securities: Fair values for securities are based on quoted market prices, where available. If quoted market prices are not available, fair values are based on quoted market prices of comparable instruments. Loans receivable: For variable-rate loans that reprice frequently and with no significant change in credit risk, fair values are based on carrying values. The fair values for other loans are estimated using discounted cash flow analyses, using interest rates currently being offered for loans with similar terms to borrowers of similar credit quality. Accrued interest receivable: The carrying amount of accrued interest receivable approximates its fair value. Deposit liabilities: The fair values disclosed for demand deposits (e.g., interest and non-interest Federal Home Loan Bank advances: The fair values of Federal Home Loan Bank advances are estimated using discounted cash flow analyses based on the current incremental borrowing rates for similar types of borrowing arrangements. Off-balance RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS: As an “emerging growth company,” as defined in Title 1 of Jumpstart Our Business Startups (JOBS) Act, the Company has elected to use the extended transition period to delay adoption of new or reissued accounting pronouncements applicable to public companies until such pronouncements are made applicable to private companies. Accordingly, the consolidated financial statements may not be comparable to the financial statements of public companies that comply with such new or revised accounting standards. As of December 31, 2016, there is no significant difference in the comparability of the consolidated financial statements as a result of this extended transition period. In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2014-09, 2015-14 2014-09 In January 2016, FASB issued ASU 2016-01, 825-10): 1. Require equity investments (except those accounted for under the equity method of accounting or those that result in consolidation of the investee) to be measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in net income. However, the entity may choose to measure equity investments that do not have readily determinable fair values at cost minus impairment, if any, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for the identical or a similar investment of the same manner. 2. Simplify the impairment assessment of equity investments without determinable fair values by requiring a qualitative assessment to identify impairment. When a qualitative assessment indicates that impairment exists, an entity is required to measure the investment at fair value. 3. Eliminate the requirement for public business entities to disclose the method(s) and significant assumptions used to estimate the fair value that is required to be disclosed for financial instruments measured at amortized cost on the balance sheet. 4. Require public business entities to use the exit price notion when measuring the fair value of financial instruments for disclosure purposes. 5. Require an entity to present separately in other comprehensive income the portion of the total change in fair value of a liability resulting from a change in the instrument-specific credit risk when the entity has elected to measure the liability at fair value in accordance with the fair value option for financial instruments. 6. Require separate presentation of financial assets and financial liabilities by measurement category and form of financial assets (that is, securities or loans and receivables) on the balance sheet or the accompanying notes to the financial statements. 7. Clarify that an entity should evaluate the need for a valuation allowance on a deferred tax asset related to available-for-sale Under the extended transition period for an emerging growth company, the amendments in this Update are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption of item 5 above is permitted for fiscal years or interim periods for which financial statements have not been issued. Early adoption of all other amendments in this ASU is not permitted. The Company anticipates that the adoption of this ASU will not have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements. In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-09, paid-in-capital 2016-09 2016-09 In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, available-for-sale 2016-13 In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15, 2016-15 In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-18 beginning-of-period end-of-period 2016-18 |