SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES | NOTE 2 - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES BASIS OF PRESENTATION: The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiary the Bank, and the Bank's wholly-owned subsidiary, MCBSC, Inc., which is used to hold investment securities. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in the consolidation. The accounting and reporting policies of the Company and its subsidiary conform to accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (GAAP) and predominant practices within the banking industry. The consolidated financial statements were prepared using the accrual basis of accounting. The significant accounting policies are summarized below to assist the reader in better understanding the consolidated financial statements and other data contained herein. USE OF ESTIMATES: In preparing consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, management is required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities as of the date of the consolidated balance sheet and reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. The material estimates that are particularly susceptible to significant change in the near term relate to the determination of the allowance for loan losses and the determination of whether declines in fair value below the cost of investments are temporary. SIGNIFICANT GROUP CONCENTRATIONS OF CREDIT RISK: Most of the Company's business activity is with customers located in New England. There are no concentrations of credit to borrowers that have similar economic characteristics. The majority of the Company's loan portfolio is comprised of loans collateralized by real estate located in Massachusetts. CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS: Cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand, amounts due from banks and federal funds sold with original maturities of less than ninety days. INTEREST-BEARING TIME DEPOSITS WITH OTHER BANKS: Interest-bearing time deposits with other banks mature within 5 years and are carried at cost. SECURITIES: Investments in debt securities are adjusted for amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts computed so as to approximate the interest method. Gains or losses on sales of investment securities are computed on a specific identification basis. The Company classifies all debt and equity securities as available-for-sale. Available-for-sale securities are carried at fair value in the consolidated balance sheets. Unrealized holding gains and losses are not included in earnings, but are reported as a net amount (less expected tax) in a separate component of stockholders' equity until realized. The security classification may be modified after acquisition only under certain specified conditions. For any debt security with a fair value less than its amortized cost basis, the Company will determine whether it has the intent to sell the debt security or whether it is more likely than not it will be required to sell the debt security before the recovery of its amortized cost basis. If either condition is met, the Company will recognize a full impairment charge to earnings. For all other debt securities that are considered other-than-temporarily impaired and do not meet either condition, the credit loss portion of impairment will be recognized in earnings as realized losses. The other-than-temporary impairment related to all other factors will be recorded in other comprehensive loss. Declines in marketable equity securities below their cost that are deemed other-than-temporary are reflected in earnings as realized losses. FEDERAL HOME LOAN BANK STOCK: The Bank is a member of the Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLB). The FHLB is a cooperative that provides services, including funding in the form of advances, to its member banking institutions. As a requirement of membership, the Bank must own a minimum amount of FHLB stock, calculated periodically based primarily on its level of borrowings from the FHLB. No market exists for shares of the FHLB and therefore, they are carried at par value. Dividends are reported as income. FHLB stock may be redeemed at par value five years following termination of FHLB membership, subject to limitations which may be imposed by the FHLB or its regulator, the Federal Housing Finance Board, to maintain capital adequacy of the FHLB. Management evaluates the Company's investment in FHLB stock for other-than-temporary impairment at least on a quarterly basis and more frequently when economic or market conditions warrant such evaluation. Based on its most recent analysis of the FHLB as of December 31, 2018, management deems its investment in FHLB stock to be not other-than-temporarily impaired. LOANS: Loans receivable that management has the intent and ability to hold until maturity or payoff are reported at their outstanding principal balances adjusted for amounts due to borrowers on outstanding home equity lines of credit, commercial lines of credit and construction loans, any charge-offs, the allowance for loan losses and any deferred costs, net on originated loans, or unamortized premiums on purchased loans. Loan origination and commitment fees and certain direct origination costs are deferred, and the net amount amortized as an adjustment of the related loan's yield. The Company is amortizing these amounts over the expected lives of the related loans. Residential real estate loans are generally placed on nonaccrual when reaching 90 days past due or are in the process of foreclosure. All closed-end consumer loans 90 days or more past due and any equity line in the process of foreclosure are placed on nonaccrual status. Secured consumer loans are written down to realizable value and unsecured consumer loans are charged off upon reaching 120 or 180 days past due depending on the type of loan. Commercial real estate loans and commercial business loans which are 90 days or more past due are generally placed on nonaccrual status, unless secured by sufficient cash or other assets immediately convertible to cash. When a loan has been placed on nonaccrual status, previously accrued and uncollected interest is reversed against interest on loans. A loan can be returned to accrual status when collectability of principal is reasonably assured and the loan has performed for a period of time, generally six months. Cash receipts of interest income on impaired loans are credited to principal to the extent necessary to eliminate doubt as to the collectability of the net carrying amount of the loan. Some or all of the cash receipts of interest income on impaired loans are recognized as interest income if the remaining net carrying amount of the loan is deemed to be fully collectible. When recognition of interest income on an impaired loan on a cash basis is appropriate, the amount of income that is recognized is limited to that which would have been accrued on the net carrying amount of the loan at the contractual interest rate. Any cash interest payments received in excess of the limit and not applied to reduce the net carrying amount of the loan are recorded as recoveries of charge-offs until the charge-offs are fully recovered. ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES: The allowance for loan losses is established as losses are estimated to have occurred through a provision for loan losses charged to earnings. Loan losses are charged against the allowance when management believes the uncollectability of a loan balance is confirmed. Subsequent recoveries, if any, are credited to the allowance. The allowance for loan losses is evaluated on a regular basis by management and is based upon management's periodic review of the collectability of the loans in light of historical experience, the nature and volume of the loan portfolio, adverse situations that may affect the borrower's ability to repay, estimated value of any underlying collateral and prevailing economic conditions. This evaluation is inherently subjective as it requires estimates that are susceptible to significant revision as more information becomes available. General Component: The general component of the allowance for loan losses is based on historical loss experience adjusted for qualitative factors stratified by the following loan segments: one- to four-family residential real estate, home equity loans and lines of credit, commercial real estate, construction, and consumer. Management uses a rolling average of historical losses based on a time frame appropriate to capture relevant loss data for each loan segment. This historical loss factor is adjusted for the following qualitative factors: levels/trends in delinquencies; trends in volume and terms of loans; effects of changes in risk selection and underwriting standards and other changes in lending policies, procedures and practices; experience/ability/depth of lending management and staff; and national and local economic trends and conditions. There were no changes in the Company's policies or methodology pertaining to the general component of the allowance for loan losses during the years ending December 31, 2018 and 2017. The qualitative factors are determined based on the various risk characteristics of each loan segment. Risk characteristics relevant to each portfolio segment are as follows: One- to four-family residential real estate: The Company generally does not originate loans with a loan-to-value ratio greater than 80% and does not grant subprime loans. Loans with loan-to-value ratios greater than 80% require private mortgage insurance, are collateralized primarily by owner-occupied residential real estate, and repayment is dependent on the credit quality of the individual borrower. Loans in this segment also include home equity loans and lines of credit. The overall health of the economy, including unemployment rates and housing prices, will have an effect on the credit quality in this segment. Commercial real estate: Loans in this segment are primarily income-producing properties throughout Massachusetts. The underlying cash flows generated by the properties are adversely impacted by a downturn in the economy as evidenced by increased vacancy rates, which in turn, will have an effect on the credit quality in this segment. Loans in this segment also include loans secured by multifamily dwellings. Management periodically obtains rent rolls and continually monitors the cash flows of these loans. Construction: Loans in this segment primarily include speculative real estate development loans for which payment is derived from sale of the property. Credit risk is affected by cost overruns, time to sell at an adequate price, and market conditions. Consumer: Loans in this segment are generally secured and repayment is dependent on the credit quality of the individual borrower. Loans in this segment include auto loans and other consumer loans. Allocated Component: The allocated component relates to loans that are classified as impaired. Impairment is measured on a loan by loan basis for commercial real estate and construction loans by either the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan's effective interest rate or the fair value of the collateral if the loan is collateral dependent. An allowance is established when the discounted cash flows (or collateral value) of the impaired loan is lower than the carrying value of that loan. Large groups of smaller balance homogeneous loans are collectively evaluated for impairment. Accordingly, the Company does not separately identify individual consumer and one- to four-family residential real estate loans for impairment disclosures, unless such loans are subject to a troubled debt restructuring agreement. A loan is considered impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect the scheduled payments of principal or interest when due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Factors considered by management in determining impairment include payment status, collateral value, and the probability of collecting scheduled principal and interest payments when due. Loans that experience insignificant payment delays and payment shortfalls generally are not classified as impaired. Management determines the significance of payment delays and payment shortfalls on a case-by-case basis, taking into consideration all of the circumstances surrounding the loan and the borrower, including the length of the delay, the reasons for the delay, the borrower's prior payment record, and the amount of the shortfall in relation to the principal and interest owed. The Company periodically may agree to modify the contractual terms of loans. When a loan is modified and a concession is made to a borrower experiencing financial difficulty, the modification is considered a troubled debt restructuring ("TDR"). All TDRs are initially classified as impaired. Unallocated Component: An unallocated component is maintained to cover uncertainties that could affect management's estimate of probable losses. The unallocated component of the allowance reflects the margin of imprecision inherent in the underlying assumptions used in the methodologies for estimating allocated and general reserves in the portfolio. PREMISES AND EQUIPMENT: Land is carried at cost. Buildings and equipment are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation. Cost and related allowances for depreciation of premises and equipment retired or otherwise disposed of are removed from the respective accounts with any gain or loss included in income or expense. Depreciation is calculated principally on the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets. Estimated lives are 15 to 30 years for buildings and 3 to 10 years for furniture and equipment. Premises and equipment are periodically evaluated for impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying amount may not be recoverable. Impairment exists when the expected undiscounted future cash flows of premises and equipment are less than its carrying amount. In that event, the Company records a loss for the difference between the carrying amount and the fair value of the asset based on quoted market prices, if applicable, or a discounted cash flow analysis. BANK-OWNED LIFE INSURANCE: The Company has purchased insurance policies on the lives of certain directors, executive officers and employees. Bank-owned life insurance policies are reflected on the consolidated balance sheets at cash surrender value. Changes in net cash surrender value of the policies, as well as insurance proceeds received, are reflected in non-interest income on the consolidated statements of income and are not subject to income taxes. ADVERTISING: The Company directly expenses costs associated with advertising as they are incurred. INCOME TAXES: The Company recognizes income taxes under the asset and liability method. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are established for the temporary differences between the accounting basis and the tax basis of the Company's assets and liabilities at enacted tax rates expected to be in effect when the amounts related to such temporary differences are realized or settled. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are determined using the liability (or balance sheet) method. Under this method, the net deferred tax asset or liability is determined based on the tax effects of the temporary differences between the book and tax bases of the various balance sheet assets and liabilities and gives current recognition to changes in tax rates and laws. A valuation allowance is established against deferred tax assets when, based upon the available evidence including historical and projected taxable income, it is more likely than not that some or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The Company does not have any uncertain tax positions at December 31, 2018 or 2017 which require accrual or disclosure. The Company accounts for interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions as part of its provision for income taxes. No interest or penalties were recorded for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017. EMPLOYEE STOCK OWNERSHIP PLAN: Compensation expense for the Employee Stock Ownership Plan ("ESOP") is recorded at an amount equal to the shares allocated by the ESOP multiplied by the average fair value of the shares during the period. Unearned compensation applicable to the ESOP is reflected as a reduction of stockholders' equity in the consolidated balance sheets. The difference between the average fair value and the cost of shares allocated by the ESOP is recorded as an adjustment to additional paid-in capital. STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION: The Company recognizes stock-based compensation based on the grant-date fair value of the award. Forfeitures are recognized when they occur. The Company values share-based stock option awards granted using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. The Company recognizes compensation expense for its awards on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period for the entire award (straight-line attribution method), ensuring that the amount of compensation cost recognized at any date at least equals the portion of the grant-date fair value of the award that is vested at that time. EARNINGS PER SHARE (EPS): When presented, basic EPS is computed by dividing income available to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted EPS reflects the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue common stock were exercised or converted into common stock or resulted in the issuance of common stock that then shared in the earnings of the entity. For the purposes of computing diluted EPS, the treasury stock method is used. Unallocated ESOP shares and unearned shares of restricted stock are not deemed outstanding for earnings per share calculations. The calculation of basic and diluted EPS is presented below. Year Ended Year Ended (Dollars in thousands, except earnings per share) Net income $ 1,770 $ 1,804 Basic Common Shares: Weighted average common shares outstanding 2,593,248 2,601,223 Weighted average shares - unearned restricted stock (24,965 ) (33,843 ) Weighted average unallocated ESOP shares (192,412 ) (199,956 ) Basic weighted average shares outstanding 2,375,871 2,367,424 Dilutive effect of unvested restricted stock awards 5,383 4,873 Dilutive effect of stock options (1) 24,700 - Diluted weighted average shares outstanding 2,405,954 2,372,297 Basic earnings per share $ 0.74 $ 0.76 Diluted earnings per share (1) $ 0.74 $ 0.76 (1) Options to purchase 224,200 shares, representing all outstanding options, were not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share for the year ended December 31, 2017 because the effect was anti-dilutive. FAIR VALUES OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS: Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 825, "Financial Instruments," requires that the Company disclose the estimated fair value for its financial instruments. Fair value methods and assumptions used by the Company in estimating its fair value disclosures are as follows: Cash and cash equivalents: The carrying amounts reported in the consolidated balance sheets for cash and cash equivalents approximate those assets' fair values. Interest-bearing time deposits with other banks: Fair values for interest-bearing time deposits are estimated using discounted cash flow analyses based on the individual underlying instrument's current rate of interest. Securities: Fair values for securities are based on quoted market prices, where available. If quoted market prices are not available, fair values are based on quoted market prices of comparable instruments. Loans receivable: For variable-rate loans that reprice frequently and with no significant change in credit risk, fair values are based on carrying values. The fair values for other loans are estimated using discounted cash flow analyses, using interest rates currently being offered for loans with similar terms to borrowers of similar credit quality. Accrued interest receivable: The carrying amount of accrued interest receivable approximates its fair value. Deposit liabilities: The fair values disclosed for demand deposits (e.g., interest and non-interest checking, passbook savings and money market accounts) are, by definition, equal to the amount payable on demand at the reporting date (i.e., their carrying amounts). Fair values for fixed-rate certificate accounts are estimated using a discounted cash flow calculation that applies interest rates currently being offered on certificates to a schedule of aggregated expected monthly maturities on certificate accounts. Federal Home Loan Bank advances: The fair values of FHLB advances are estimated using discounted cash flow analyses based on the current incremental borrowing rates for similar types of borrowing arrangements. RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS: As an "emerging growth company," as defined in Title 1 of Jumpstart Our Business Startups (JOBS) Act, the Company has elected to use the extended transition period to delay adoption of new or reissued accounting pronouncements applicable to public companies until such pronouncements are made applicable to private companies. Accordingly, the consolidated financial statements may not be comparable to the financial statements of public companies that comply with such new or revised accounting standards. As of December 31, 2018, there is no significant difference in the comparability of the financial statements as a result of this extended transition period. The extended transition period for an emerging growth company is five years, and the Company's emerging growth status will end on December 31, 2019. In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued amendments to Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) section 606 "Revenue from Contracts with Customers" through issuance of ASU 2014-09, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers." In August 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-14, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606)" which deferred the effective date by one year. The guidance in these updates affects any entity that either enters in contracts with customers to transfer goods or services or enters into contracts for the transfer of nonfinancial assets unless those contracts are within the scope of other standards (for example, insurance contracts or lease contracts). The core principle of the guidance is that an entity should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to the customers in the amount that reflects consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The guidance provides steps to follow to achieve the core principle. An entity should disclose sufficient information to enable users of financial statements to understand the nature, amount, and timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers. Qualitative and quantitative information is required about contracts with customers, significant judgements and changes in judgements, and assets recognized from the cost to obtain of fulfill a contract. The amendments in these updates are effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those periods. Since the standard does not apply to revenue associated with financial instruments, including loans and securities that are accounted for under other GAAP, the new standard will not impact revenue most closely associated with financial instruments, including interest income and expense. The Company completed its overall assessment of revenue streams and review of related contracts potentially affected by the ASUs, including customer service fees. Based on this assessment, the Company concluded that ASU 2014-09 will not materially impact the method in which the Company currently recognizes revenue for these revenue streams. The Company also completed its evaluation of certain costs related to these revenue streams to determine whether such costs should be presented as expenses or contra-revenue (i.e. gross vs. net). Based on this assessment, the Company will not materially change the method in which it recognizes these costs. In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-01, "Financial Instruments – Overall (Subtopic 825-10): Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities." The amendments in this ASU address certain aspects of recognition, measurement, presentation, and disclosure of financial instruments and makes targeted improvements to GAAP as follows: 1. Require equity investments (except those accounted for under the equity method of accounting or those that result in consolidation of the investee) to be measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in net income. However, the entity may choose to measure equity investments that do not have readily determinable fair values at cost minus impairment, if any, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for the identical or a similar investment of the same manner. 2. Simplify the impairment assessment of equity investments without determinable fair values by requiring a qualitative assessment to identify impairment. When a qualitative assessment indicates that impairment exists, an entity is required to measure the investment at fair value. 3. Eliminate the requirement for public business entities to disclose the method(s) and significant assumptions used to estimate the fair value that is required to be disclosed for financial instruments measured at amortized cost on the balance sheet. 4. Require public business entities to use the exit price notion when measuring the fair value of financial instruments for disclosure purposes. 5. Require an entity to present separately in other comprehensive income the portion of the total change in fair value of a liability resulting from a change in the instrument-specific credit risk when the entity has elected to measure the liability at fair value in accordance with the fair value option for financial instruments. 6. Require separate presentation of financial assets and financial liabilities by measurement category and form of financial assets (that is, securities or loans and receivables) on the balance sheet or the accompanying notes to the financial statements. 7. Clarify that an entity should evaluate the need for a valuation allowance on a deferred tax asset related to available-for-sale securities in combination with the entity's other deferred tax assets. Under the extended transition period for an emerging growth company, the amendments in this Update are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption of item 5 above is permitted as of the beginning of fiscal years or interim periods for which financial statements have not been issued. Early adoption of all other amendments in this ASU is not permitted. The adoption of ASU No. 2016-01 will not have a significant impact on the consolidated financial statements. In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, "Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments." The ASU requires an organization to measure all expected credit losses for financial assets held at the reporting date based on historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. Financial institutions and other organizations will now use forward-looking information to better inform their credit loss estimates. Many of the loss estimation techniques applied today will still be permitted, although the inputs to those techniques will change to reflect the full amount of expected credit losses. Organizations will continue to use judgment to determine which loss estimation method is appropriate for their circumstances. Additionally, the ASU amends the accounting for credit losses on available-for-sale debt securities and purchased financial assets with credit deterioration. This update will be effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted in interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018. The Company has formed a committee to assess the implications of this new pronouncement and is considering a software solution for preparing the allowance for loan loss calculation and related reports that will provide the Company with stronger data integrity, ease and efficiency in the allowance for loan loss preparation. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this ASU on its consolidated financial statements. In February 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-02, "Income Statement – Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income." ASU 2018-02 was issued to address the income tax accounting treatment of the stranded tax effects within other comprehensive income due to the prohibition of backward tracing due to an income tax rate change that was initially recorded in other comprehensive income. This issue came about from the enactment of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act on December 22, 2017 that changed the Company's tax rate from 34% to 21%. The ASU changed the current accounting whereby an entity may elect to reclassify the stranded tax effect from other accumulated other comprehensive income to retained earnings. The ASU is effective for periods beginning after December 15, 2018 although early adoption is permitted. The Company adopted ASU 2018-02 as of December 31, 2017 and reclassified $42,000 from accumulated other comprehensive income to retained earnings. In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, "Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820) – Disclosure Framework – Changes to Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement." The objective of this update is to improve the effectiveness of disclosures in the notes to the financial statements by facilitating clear communication of the information required by generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) that is most important to users of each entity's financial statements. The amendments in this update modify the disclosure requirements on fair value measurements in Topic 820, "Fair Value Measurement", based on the concepts in the Concepts Statements, including the consideration of costs and benefits. The amendments in this update are effective for all entities for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted for removal or modification of disclosures upon issuance of this update and delayed adoption of the disclosures until their effective date. The adoption of this ASU is not expected to have a material effect on the Company's consolidated financial statements. |