Cost of Revenues. For the year ended December 31, 2013, we recorded a total cost of revenues of $3,174,000. For the year ended December 31, 2012, we recorded a total cost of grant revenues of $3,674,000. The decrease of $500,000, or 14%, was due to a reduction in grant research and development spending in 2013 compared to 2012 related to the stopping and starting of grant periods as described above.
Operating Expenses
Research and development expenses (non-Federally funded). For the year ended December 31, 2013, we recorded a total of $196,000 of research and development expense that were not grant-sponsored. For the year ended December 31, 2012, we recorded no research and development expense that were not grant-sponsored. The recorded amount for the year ended 2013 was research and development spending on a project that was not associated with a grant; it was related to the dermatology studies conducted for the ANG-3522 project that has been subsequently licensed to Ohr Cosmetics.
General and administrative expenses. For the year ended December 31, 2013, we recorded a total of $3,609,000 of general and administrative expense. For the year ended December 31, 2012, we recorded a total of $4,043,000 of general and administrative expense. The decrease of $434,000, or 11%, was due to a reduction in indirect grant income, related to the ending and starting of grant funding periods as discussed above, in addition to changes in spending on non-reimbursable expenses. Further, in 2012, NovaPark did not receive the full-year benefits of the reduced real estate taxes under the Pilot Program as the Pilot Program went into effect in the fourth quarter of that year.
Other Income (Expense)
For the year ended December 31, 2013, we recorded a total of $300,000 in interest expense. For the year ended December 31, 2012, we recorded a total of $307,000 in interest expense. This expense is related almost entirely to the NovaPark mortgage. The decrease in $7,000, or 2%, was due to a reduced mortgage balance. The mortgage rate is fixed for the first seven years of the mortgage.
Investment income consists of interest earned on our cash and cash equivalents. For the year ended December 31, 2013, we recorded a total of $31,000 of investment income. For the year ended December 31, 2012, we recorded a total of $12,000 in investment income. We expect our interest income to increase following the completion of this offering as we invest the net proceeds from this offering pending their use in our operations.
For the year ended December 31, 2013, we recorded a total of $1,641,000 of rental income. For the year ended December 31, 2012, we recorded a total of $1,877,000 of rental income. The decrease of $236,000, or 13% was due to a decrease in NovaPark’s billing of real estate taxes through its participation in the Pilot Program.
For the year ended December 31, 2013, we recorded a total of $758,000 of other income. For the year ended December 31, 2012, we recorded a total of $31,000 in other income. The increase of $727,000, or 2342%, was primarily due to a New York State tax credit for the years 2009-2011 in the amount of $750,000, which was awarded and received in 2013. Further awards under this program are no longer available.
Income Tax Expense
For the year ended December 31, 2013, we recorded a total of $453,000 in income tax expense. For the year ended December 31, 2012, we recorded a total of $202,000 in income taxes expenses. Our effective tax rate for 2013 was 25% and, in 2012, was 16%. The effective rate is less than the expected statutory rate because of the impact of the income of NovaPark, which is not taxed at the corporate level since it is a limited liability company.
Non-controlling interest
Income attributable to the ownership that Dr. Goldberg and his family have in NovaPark is reflected as income attributable to non-controlling interest and amounted to approximately $647,000 and $685,000 in 2013 and 2012, respectively.