LOANS AND ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES | LOANS AND ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES The Company’s loan portfolio consists of the following categories of loans as of the dates presented (dollars in thousands). March 31, 2020 December 31, 2019 Construction and development $ 191,597 $ 197,797 1-4 Family 328,730 321,489 Multifamily 61,709 60,617 Farmland 29,373 27,780 Commercial real estate 776,354 731,060 Total mortgage loans on real estate 1,387,763 1,338,743 Commercial and industrial 313,850 323,786 Consumer 28,181 29,446 Total loans $ 1,729,794 $ 1,691,975 Unamortized premiums and discounts on loans, included in the total loans balances above, were $3.9 million and $2.1 million at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 , respectively. Nonaccrual and Past Due Loans Loans are considered past due if the required principal and interest payments have not been received as of the date such payments were due. Loans are placed on nonaccrual status when, in management’s opinion, the borrower may be unable to meet payment obligations as they become due, as well as when required by regulatory provisions. In determining whether or not a borrower may be unable to meet payment obligations for each class of loans, we consider the borrower’s debt service capacity through the analysis of current financial information, if available, and/or current information with regard to our collateral position. Regulatory provisions would typically require the placement of a loan on nonaccrual status if (i) principal or interest has been in default for a period of 90 days or more unless the loan is both well secured and in the process of collection or (ii) full payment of principal and interest is not expected. Loans may be placed on nonaccrual status regardless of whether or not such loans are considered past due. When interest accrual is discontinued, all unpaid accrued interest is reversed. Interest income on nonaccrual loans is recognized only to the extent that cash payments are received in excess of principal due. A loan may be returned to accrual status when all the principal and interest amounts contractually due are brought current and future principal and interest amounts contractually due are reasonably assured, which is typically evidenced by a sustained period (at least six months) of repayment performance by the borrower. Certain borrowers are currently experiencing difficulties meeting their contractual payment obligations because of the adverse economic effects attributable to the COVID-19 pandemic. As a result, loan customers may apply for payment deferrals, or portions thereof, for up to 90 days . In the absence of other contributing factors, these short-term modifications made on a good faith basis are not considered TDRs, nor are loans granted payment deferrals related to COVID-19 reported as past due or placed on non-accrual status if the loans were not past due or on non-accrual status prior to the deferral. See Note 1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies for further discussion. Loans Acquired with Deteriorated Credit Quality The Company accounts for certain loans acquired as acquired impaired loans under ASC 310-30 due to evidence of credit deterioration at acquisition and the probability that the Company will be unable to collect all contractually required payments. The acquired impaired loans had no accretable yield recorded for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 . The table below provides an analysis of the aging of loans as of the dates presented (dollars in thousands). March 31, 2020 Accruing Current 30-59 Days Past Due 60-89 Days Past Due 90 Days or More Past Due Nonaccrual Total Past Due & Nonaccrual Acquired Impaired Loans Total Loans Construction and development $ 190,205 $ 177 $ 3 $ — $ 1,212 $ 1,392 $ — $ 191,597 1-4 Family 323,740 1,902 229 162 2,292 4,585 405 328,730 Multifamily 60,799 910 — — — 910 — 61,709 Farmland 27,109 — — — — — 2,264 29,373 Commercial real estate 772,717 1,737 197 — 139 2,073 1,564 776,354 Total mortgage loans on real estate 1,374,570 4,726 429 162 3,643 8,960 4,233 1,387,763 Commercial and industrial 310,597 1,422 592 — 197 2,211 1,042 313,850 Consumer 27,194 390 15 1 543 949 38 28,181 Total loans $ 1,712,361 $ 6,538 $ 1,036 $ 163 $ 4,383 $ 12,120 $ 5,313 $ 1,729,794 December 31, 2019 Accruing Current 30-59 Days Past Due 60-89 Days Past Due 90 Days or More Past Due Nonaccrual Total Past Due & Nonaccrual Acquired Impaired Loans Total Loans Construction and development $ 197,318 $ 133 $ 32 $ — $ 314 $ 479 $ — $ 197,797 1-4 Family 317,572 998 413 138 1,923 3,472 445 321,489 Multifamily 60,617 — — — — — — 60,617 Farmland 25,516 — — — — — 2,264 27,780 Commercial real estate 727,423 1,193 14 657 141 2,005 1,632 731,060 Total mortgage loans on real estate 1,328,446 2,324 459 795 2,378 5,956 4,341 1,338,743 Commercial and industrial 323,446 171 19 — 137 327 13 323,786 Consumer 28,443 339 95 — 531 965 38 29,446 Total loans $ 1,680,335 $ 2,834 $ 573 $ 795 $ 3,046 $ 7,248 $ 4,392 $ 1,691,975 Portfolio Segment Risk Factors The following describes the risk characteristics relevant to each of the Company’s loan portfolio segments. Construction and Development - Construction and development loans are generally made for the purpose of acquisition and development of land to be improved through the construction of commercial and residential buildings. The successful repayment of these types of loans is generally dependent upon a commitment for permanent financing from the Company, or from the sale of the constructed property. These loans carry more risk than commercial or residential real estate loans due to the dynamics of construction projects, changes in interest rates, the long-term financing market, and state and local government regulations. One such risk is that loan funds are advanced upon the security of the property under construction, which is of uncertain value prior to the completion of construction. Thus, it is more difficult to evaluate accurately the total loan funds required to complete a project and to calculate related loan-to-value ratios. The Company attempts to minimize the risks associated with construction lending by limiting loan-to-value ratios as described above. In addition, as to speculative development loans, the Company generally makes such loans only to borrowers that have a positive pre-existing relationship with us. The Company manages risk by using specific underwriting policies and procedures for these types of loans and by avoiding excessive concentrations in any one business or industry. 1-4 Family - The 1-4 family portfolio mainly consists of residential mortgage loans to consumers to finance a primary residence. The majority of these loans are secured by properties located in the Company’s market areas and carry risks associated with the creditworthiness of the borrower and changes in the value of the collateral and loan-to-value-ratios. The Company manages these risks through policies and procedures such as limiting loan-to-value ratios at origination, employing experienced underwriting personnel, requiring standards for appraisers, and not making subprime loans. Multifamily - Multifamily loans are normally made to real estate investors to support permanent financing for multifamily residential income producing properties that rely on the successful operation of the property for repayment. This management mainly involves property maintenance and collection of rents due from tenants. This type of lending carries a lower level of risk, as compared to other commercial lending. In addition, underwriting requirements for multifamily properties are stricter than for other non-owner-occupied property types. The Company manages this risk by avoiding concentrations with any particular customer. Farmland - Farmland loans are often for land improvements related to agricultural endeavors and may include construction of new specialized facilities. These loans are usually repaid through the conversion to permanent financing, or if scheduled loan amortization begins, for the long-term benefit of the borrower’s ongoing operations. Underwriting generally involves intensive analysis of the financial strength of the borrower and guarantor, liquidation value of the subject collateral, the associated unguaranteed exposure, and any available secondary sources of repayment, with the greatest emphasis given to a borrower’s capacity to meet cash flow coverage requirements as set forth by Bank policies. Commercial Real Estate - Commercial real estate loans are extensions of credit secured by owner occupied and non-owner occupied collateral. Underwriting generally involves intensive analysis of the financial strength of the borrower and guarantor, liquidation value of the subject collateral, the associated unguaranteed exposure, and any available secondary sources of repayment, with the greatest emphasis given to a borrower’s capacity to meet cash flow coverage requirements as set forth by Bank policies. Repayment is commonly derived from the successful ongoing operations of the property. General market conditions and economic activity may impact the performance of these types of loans, including fluctuations in the value of real estate, new job creation trends, and tenant vacancy rates. The Company attempts to limit risk by analyzing a borrower’s cash flow and collateral value on an ongoing basis. The Company also typically requires personal guarantees from the principal owners of the property, supported by a review of their personal financial statements, as an additional means of mitigating our risk. The Company manages risk by avoiding concentrations in any one business or industry. Commercial and Industrial - Commercial and industrial loans receive similar underwriting treatment as commercial real estate loans in that the repayment source is analyzed to determine its ability to meet cash flow coverage requirements as set forth by Bank policies. Repayment of these loans generally comes from the generation of cash flow as the result of the borrower’s business operations. Commercial lending generally involves different risks from those associated with commercial real estate lending or construction lending. Although commercial loans may be collateralized by equipment or other business assets (including real estate, if available as collateral), the repayment of these types of loans depends primarily on the creditworthiness and projected cash flow of the borrower (and any guarantors). Thus, the general business conditions of the local economy and the borrower’s ability to sell its products and services, thereby generating sufficient operating revenue to repay us under the agreed upon terms and conditions, are the chief considerations when assessing the risk of a commercial loan. The liquidation of collateral, if any, is considered a secondary source of repayment because equipment and other business assets may, among other things, be obsolete or of limited resale value. The Company actively monitors certain financial measures of the borrower, including advance rate, cash flow, collateral value and other appropriate credit factors. Consumer - Consumer loans are offered by the Company in order to provide a full range of retail financial services to its customers and include auto loans, credit cards, and other consumer installment loans. Typically, the Company evaluates the borrower’s repayment ability through a review of credit scores and an evaluation of debt to income ratios. Repayment of consumer loans depends upon key consumer economic measures and upon the borrower’s financial stability, and is more likely to be adversely affected by divorce, job loss, illness and personal hardships than repayment of other loans. A shortfall in the value of any collateral also may pose a risk of loss to the Company for these types of loans. Credit Quality Indicators Loans are categorized into risk categories based on relevant information about the ability of borrowers to service their debt, such as current financial information, historical payment experience, credit documentation, public information, and current economic trends, among other factors. The following definitions are utilized for risk ratings, which are consistent with the definitions used in supervisory guidance: Pass - Loans not meeting the criteria below are considered pass. These loans have high credit characteristics and financial strength. The borrowers at least generate profits and cash flow that are in line with peer and industry standards and have debt service coverage ratios above loan covenants and our policy guidelines. For some of these loans, a guaranty from a financially capable party mitigates characteristics of the borrower that might otherwise result in a lower grade. Special Mention - Loans classified as special mention possess some credit deficiencies that need to be corrected to avoid a greater risk of default in the future. For example, financial ratios relating to the borrower may have deteriorated. Often, a special mention categorization is temporary while certain factors are analyzed or matters addressed before the loan is re-categorized as either pass or substandard. Substandard - Loans classified as substandard are inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the borrower or the liquidation value of any collateral. If deficiencies are not addressed, it is likely that this category of loan will result in the Bank incurring a loss. Where a borrower has been unable to adjust to industry or general economic conditions, the borrower’s loan is often categorized as substandard. Doubtful - Loans classified as doubtful have all the weaknesses inherent in those classified as substandard, with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions, and values, highly questionable and improbable. Loss - Loans classified as loss are considered uncollectible and of such little value that their continuance as recorded assets is not warranted. This classification does not mean that the assets have absolutely no recovery or salvage value, but rather it is not practical or desirable to defer writing off these assets. The table below presents the Company’s loan portfolio by category and credit quality indicator as of the dates presented (dollars in thousands). March 31, 2020 Pass Special Mention Substandard Doubtful Total Construction and development $ 182,433 $ 7,842 $ 1,322 $ — $ 191,597 1-4 Family 325,745 398 2,587 — 328,730 Multifamily 61,709 — — — 61,709 Farmland 26,825 — 2,548 — 29,373 Commercial real estate 771,590 — 4,764 — 776,354 Total mortgage loans on real estate 1,368,302 8,240 11,221 — 1,387,763 Commercial and industrial 306,138 — 6,919 793 313,850 Consumer 27,563 88 530 — 28,181 Total loans $ 1,702,003 $ 8,328 $ 18,670 $ 793 $ 1,729,794 December 31, 2019 Pass Special Mention Substandard Doubtful Total Construction and development $ 196,873 $ 610 $ 314 $ — $ 197,797 1-4 Family 318,549 714 2,198 28 321,489 Multifamily 60,617 — — — 60,617 Farmland 25,516 — 2,264 — 27,780 Commercial real estate 729,921 — 1,139 — 731,060 Total mortgage loans on real estate 1,331,476 1,324 5,915 28 1,338,743 Commercial and industrial 318,519 2,910 2,264 93 323,786 Consumer 28,775 128 543 — 29,446 Total loans $ 1,678,770 $ 4,362 $ 8,722 $ 121 $ 1,691,975 The Company had no loans that were classified as loss at March 31, 2020 or December 31, 2019 . Loan Participations and Sold Loans Loan participations and whole loans sold to and serviced for others are not included in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. The balance of loans serviced for others was $74.1 million and $82.8 million at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 , respectively. The unpaid principal balance of these loans was approximately $160.6 million and $174.7 million at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 , respectively. Loans to Related Parties In the ordinary course of business, the Company makes loans to related parties including its executive officers, principal stockholders, directors and their immediate family members, as well as companies in which these individuals are principal owners. Loans outstanding to such related party borrowers amounted to approximately $99.6 million and $98.1 million as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 , respectively. The table below shows the aggregate principal balance of loans to such related parties as of the dates presented (dollars in thousands). March 31, 2020 December 31, 2019 Balance, beginning of period $ 98,093 $ 93,021 New loans 7,421 20,903 Repayments and changes in relationship (5,895 ) (15,831 ) Balance, end of period $ 99,619 $ 98,093 Allowance for Loan Losses The table below shows a summary of the activity in the allowance for loan losses for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 (dollars in thousands). Three months ended March 31, 2020 2019 Balance, beginning of period $ 10,700 $ 9,454 Provision for loan losses 3,760 265 Loans charged off (262 ) (104 ) Recoveries 35 27 Balance, end of period $ 14,233 $ 9,642 The following tables outline the activity in the allowance for loan losses by collateral type for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 , and show both the allowances and portfolio balances for loans individually and collectively evaluated for impairment as of March 31, 2020 and 2019 (dollars in thousands). Three months ended March 31, 2020 Construction & Development Farmland 1-4 Family Multifamily Commercial Real Estate Commercial & Industrial Consumer Total Allowance for loan losses: Beginning balance $ 1,201 $ 101 $ 1,490 $ 387 $ 4,424 $ 2,609 $ 488 $ 10,700 Provision 340 62 1,003 (36 ) 1,439 683 269 3,760 Charge-offs — — (160 ) — — (7 ) (95 ) (262 ) Recoveries 13 — 4 — — 2 16 35 Ending balance $ 1,554 $ 163 $ 2,337 $ 351 $ 5,863 $ 3,287 $ 678 $ 14,233 Ending allowance balance for loans individually evaluated for impairment — — — — — 13 175 188 Ending allowance balance for loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality — — — — — — — — Ending allowance balance for loans collectively evaluated for impairment 1,554 163 2,337 351 5,863 3,274 503 14,045 Loans receivable: Balance of loans individually evaluated for impairment 1,097 — 1,763 — 47 155 512 3,574 Balance of loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality — 2,264 405 — 1,564 1,042 38 5,313 Balance of loans collectively evaluated for impairment 190,500 27,109 326,562 61,709 774,743 312,653 27,631 1,720,907 Total period-end balance $ 191,597 $ 29,373 $ 328,730 $ 61,709 $ 776,354 $ 313,850 $ 28,181 $ 1,729,794 Three months ended March 31, 2019 Construction & Development Farmland 1-4 Family Multifamily Commercial Real Estate Commercial & Industrial Consumer Total Allowance for loan losses: Beginning balance $ 1,038 $ 81 $ 1,465 $ 331 $ 4,182 $ 1,641 $ 716 $ 9,454 Provision 55 20 44 49 44 21 32 265 Charge-offs — — — — — — (104 ) (104 ) Recoveries 1 — 2 — — 11 13 27 Ending balance $ 1,094 $ 101 $ 1,511 $ 380 $ 4,226 $ 1,673 $ 657 $ 9,642 Ending allowance balance for loans individually evaluated for impairment 66 — — — — — 200 266 Ending allowance balance for loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality — — — — — — — — Ending allowance balance for loans collectively evaluated for impairment 1,028 101 1,511 380 4,226 1,673 457 9,376 Loans receivable: Balance of loans individually evaluated for impairment 395 — 1,247 109 1,368 15 748 3,882 Balance of loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality 11 2,264 475 — 1,565 1,263 43 5,621 Balance of loans collectively evaluated for impairment 171,077 22,193 297,339 57,378 643,812 254,198 39,419 1,485,416 Total period-end balance $ 171,483 $ 24,457 $ 299,061 $ 57,487 $ 646,745 $ 255,476 $ 40,210 $ 1,494,919 Impaired Loans The Company considers a loan to be impaired when, based on current information and events, the Company determines that it will not be able to collect all amounts due according to the loan agreement, including scheduled interest payments. Determination of impairment is treated the same across all classes of loans. When the Company identifies a loan as impaired, it measures the impairment based on the present value of expected future cash flows, discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate, except when the sole (remaining) source of repayment for the loans is the operation or liquidation of the collateral. In these cases when foreclosure is probable, the Company uses the current fair value of the collateral, less selling costs, instead of discounted cash flows. If the Company determines that the value of the impaired loan is less than the recorded investment in the loan (net of previous charge-offs, deferred loan fees or costs, and unamortized premium or discount), the Company recognizes impairment through an allowance estimate or a charge-off to the allowance. When the ultimate collectability of the total principal of an impaired loan is in doubt and the loan is on nonaccrual, all payments are applied to principal, under the cost recovery method. When the ultimate collectability of the total principal of an impaired loan is not in doubt and the loan is on nonaccrual, contractual interest is credited to interest income when received, under the cash basis method. The following tables contain information on the Company’s impaired loans, which include troubled debt restructurings (“TDRs”), discussed in more detail below, and nonaccrual loans individually evaluated for impairment for purposes of determining the allowance for loan losses. The average balances are calculated based on the month-end balances of the loans during the period reported (dollars in thousands). March 31, 2020 Recorded Investment Unpaid Principal Balance Related Allowance With no related allowance recorded: Construction and development $ 1,097 $ 1,166 $ — 1-4 Family 1,763 1,855 — Commercial real estate 47 50 — Total mortgage loans on real estate 2,907 3,071 — Commercial and industrial 142 146 — Consumer 188 208 — Total 3,237 3,425 — With related allowance recorded: Commercial and industrial 13 13 13 Consumer 324 369 175 Total 337 382 188 Total loans: Construction and development 1,097 1,166 — 1-4 Family 1,763 1,855 — Commercial real estate 47 50 — Total mortgage loans on real estate 2,907 3,071 — Commercial and industrial 155 159 13 Consumer 512 577 175 Total $ 3,574 $ 3,807 $ 188 December 31, 2019 Recorded Investment Unpaid Principal Balance Related Allowance With no related allowance recorded: Construction and development $ 247 $ 269 $ — 1-4 Family 1,662 1,745 — Commercial real estate 47 50 — Total mortgage loans on real estate 1,956 2,064 — Commercial and industrial 93 96 Consumer 188 205 — Total 2,237 2,365 — With related allowance recorded: Consumer 310 347 141 Total 310 347 141 Total loans: Construction and development 247 269 — 1-4 Family 1,662 1,745 — Commercial real estate 47 50 — Total mortgage loans on real estate 1,956 2,064 — Commercial and industrial 93 96 — Consumer 498 552 141 Total $ 2,547 $ 2,712 $ 141 Presented in the tables below is the average recorded investment of the impaired loans and the related amount of interest income recognized during the time within the period that the loans were impaired. The average balances are calculated based on the month-end balances of the loans during the periods reported (dollars in thousands). Three months ended March 31, 2020 2019 Average Recorded Investment Interest Income Recognized Average Recorded Investment Interest Income Recognized With no related allowance recorded: Construction and development $ 528 $ 2 $ 264 $ 5 1-4 Family 1,754 2 1,232 10 Multifamily — — 108 — Commercial real estate 47 — 961 2 Total mortgage loans on real estate 2,329 4 2,565 17 Commercial and industrial 109 1 20 — Consumer 185 1 245 — Total 2,623 6 2,830 17 With related allowance recorded: Construction and development — — 134 — Total mortgage loans on real estate — — 134 — Commercial and industrial 13 — — — Consumer 312 1 582 — Total 325 1 716 — Total loans: Construction and development 528 2 398 5 1-4 Family 1,754 2 1,232 10 Multifamily — — 108 — Commercial real estate 47 — 961 2 Total mortgage loans on real estate 2,329 4 2,699 17 Commercial and industrial 122 1 20 — Consumer 497 2 827 — Total $ 2,948 $ 7 $ 3,546 $ 17 Troubled Debt Restructurings In situations where, for economic or legal reasons related to a borrower’s financial difficulties, the Company grants a concession for other than an insignificant period of time to the borrower that the Company would not otherwise consider, the related loan is classified as a TDR. The Company strives to identify borrowers in financial difficulty early and work with them to modify their loans to more affordable terms before such loans reach nonaccrual status. These modified terms may include rate reductions, principal forgiveness, payment forbearance and other actions intended to minimize the economic loss and to avoid foreclosure or repossession of the collateral. In cases in which the Company grants the borrower new terms that provide for a reduction of either interest or principal, or otherwise include a concession, the Company identifies the loan as a TDR and measures any impairment on the restructuring as previously noted for impaired loans. Loans classified as TDRs, consisting of 19 credits, totaled $1.5 million at March 31, 2020 , compared to 18 credits totaling $1.5 million at December 31, 2019 . At March 31, 2020 , 11 of the restructured loans were considered TDRs due to modification of terms through adjustments to maturity, seven of the restructured loans were considered TDRs due to a reduction in the interest rate to a rate lower than the current market rate, and one restructured loan was considered a TDR due to forgiveness of interest due on the loan. As of March 31, 2020 , seven of the TDRs, consisting of two construction and development loans totaling $0.4 million and five 1-4 family loans totaling $0.3 million were in default of their modified terms and are included in nonaccrual loans. At December 31, 2019 , two of the TDRs were in default of their modified terms and are included in nonaccrual loans. The Company individually evaluates each TDR for allowance purposes, primarily based on collateral value, and excludes these loans from the loan population that is collectively evaluated for impairment. At March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 , there were no available balances on loans classified as TDRs that the Company was committed to lend. There were no loans modified under TDRs during the previous twelve month period that subsequently defaulted during the three months ended March 31, 2020 , however five TDRs that were modified prior to March 31, 2019 defaulted on their modified terms during the three months ended March 31, 2020 . |