Share-based Compensation and Employee Benefit Plans | Share-based Compensation and Employee Benefit Plans On June 8, 2016, the Company’s stockholders approved the 2016 LTIP, with an effective date of March 30, 2016, covering approximately a ten -year period. No awards may be granted under the 2016 LTIP after March 20, 2026. The 2016 LTIP permits the grant of up to 9,000,000 shares of the Company's common stock for various types of awards to employees, directors and consultants of the Company or its subsidiaries, including incentive and non-incentive stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units, dividend equivalents, stock awards, conversion awards and performance awards. During the six months ended March 31, 2018 , the Company granted 193,667 PSUs to employees under the 2016 LTIP. These awards will vest on September 30, 2020, entitling the recipient to receive a certain number of shares of the Company’s common stock, based on the Company’s achievement of the performance goals included in the PSUs, which are based on a return on invested capital calculation over a three-year performance period. Depending on the calculation as of the vesting date, a recipient is entitled to receive between 0% and 200% of the initial award. The awards are accounted for as equity instruments, and the fair value of these awards was determined by the closing price of the Company's common stock on the date of grant. During the fiscal years ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, the Company granted 212,000 and 1,557,500 PSU awards to employees, respectively, under the 2016 LTIP. The recipient can receive between 0% and 200% of the initial award, based on the Company’s total stockholder return during approximate three -year performance period, or a cumulative Adjusted EBITDA target if a specified total stockholder return is not met. The Company used the Monte Carlo simulation model to estimate the fair value of the PSU awards at the grant date, factoring in the market-based vesting condition and considering the probability of satisfying the various performance criteria. The resulting grant date fair value is recognized as expense on a straight-line basis from the grant date through the end of the performance period. The assumptions used in the Monte Carlo simulation model for PSUs included an expected stock price volatility between 35% and 40% based on a peer group of similar companies, an expected dividend yield of 0% , an expected term of two to three years, and a risk-free interest rate of between 0.9% and 1.3% . The following table summarizes all PSU activity during the six months ended March 31, 2018 : PSUs Average Grant Date Fair Value Per Unit Unvested PSUs at September 30, 2017 1,524,000 $ 8.92 Granted 193,667 7.50 Vested — — Forfeited/Canceled (22,500 ) 9.13 Unvested PSUs at March 31, 2018 1,695,167 $ 8.76 As of March 31, 2018 , the Company may issue up to 3,390,334 shares of common stock related to the outstanding PSU awards described above under the 2016 LTIP. The PSU awards are accounted for as equity instruments, and the Company recognized compensation cost of $1.1 million and $2.3 million as a component of Selling, general and administrative expenses on the condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three and six months ended March 31, 2018 , respectively, and $1.1 million and $2.2 million for the three and six months ended March 31, 2017 , respectively, related to the PSUs. As of March 31, 2018 , the outstanding PSUs had a weighted-average remaining contract life of 1.4 years. As of March 31, 2018 , there was $6.5 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested PSUs. In November 2017, the Company granted 415,867 shares of restricted stock to employees under the 2016 LTIP. The restricted stock awards vest equally on the anniversary of the grant date over a three -year period provided that the recipients of such grants continue their employment with the Company. The awards are accounted for as equity instruments, and the fair value of the restricted stock awards was determined by the closing price of the Company's common stock on the date of grant. During the fiscal years ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 , the Company granted restricted stock awards to certain of the Company’s non-employee directors under the 2016 LTIP that vest one year from the date of grant. The following table summarizes all restricted stock activity during the six months ended March 31, 2018 : Shares of Restricted Stock Average Grant Date Fair Value Per Unit Restricted stock at September 30, 2017 77,458 $ 8.26 Granted 415,867 7.50 Vested — — Forfeited/Canceled (24,008 ) 8.20 Restricted stock at March 31, 2018 469,317 $ 7.59 The restricted stock awards are accounted for as equity instruments, and the Company recognized compensation expense of $0.4 million and $0.7 million as a component of Selling, general and administrative expenses on the condensed consolidated statements of operations during the three and six months ended March 31, 2018 , respectively, and $0.1 million and $0.3 million during the three and six months ended March 31, 2017 , respectively, related to the restricted stock. As of March 31, 2018 , there was $2.7 million of total unrecognized compensation expense related to restricted stock, and a weighted average remaining life of 2.3 years. During the fiscal year ended September 30, 2016, the TPG Restricted Stock Grants were awarded with respect to 100,000 shares of Company common stock owned by TPG. These awards vest in equal amounts over a three -year period provided that the recipients of such grants continue their employment with the Company. During the six months ended March 31, 2018 , 11,673 shares were transferred back to TPG due to forfeiture. During the fiscal year ended September 30, 2017, 33,333 shares of these awards vested and 9,576 shares were transferred to the Company (reflected as treasury stock) to satisfy the officers’ and employees’ tax withholding obligations in connection with the vesting. The Company recognized compensation cost of less than $0.1 million and $0.1 million as a component of Selling, general and administrative expenses on the condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three and six months ended March 31, 2018 , respectively, and $0.1 million and $0.2 million for the three and six months ended March 31, 2017 , respectively, related to these awards. As of March 31, 2018 , there was $0.4 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to these awards and a weighted average remaining life of 1.2 years. While these awards were not made pursuant to the 2016 LTIP, they constitute equity-based compensation and therefore will count against the 2016 LTIP's share reserve to the extent the awards vest. During the six months ended March 31, 2018 , the Company granted 999,492 stock options to employees under the 2016 LTIP. The awards vest in equal amounts over a three -year period provided that the recipients of such grants continue their employment with the Company. The Company used the Black-Scholes Merton model to estimate the fair value of the option awards at the grant date. The resulting grant date fair value is recognized as expense on a straight-line basis over the vesting period. The assumptions used in the Black-Scholes Merton model for the options included an expected term of six years, an expected stock price volatility of 35.0% based on a peer group of similar companies, an expected dividend yield of 0.0% and a risk-free interest rate of 2.1% . The following table summarizes stock option activity during the six months ended March 31, 2018 : Stock Options Average Grant Date Fair Value Per Unit Weighted Average Exercise Price Stock Options at September 30, 2017 — $ — $ — Granted 999,492 2.84 7.42 Exercised — — — Forfeited/Canceled — — — Stock Options at March 31, 2018 999,492 $ 2.84 $ 7.42 The stock options are accounted for as equity instruments, and the Company recognized compensation expense of $0.3 million and $0.4 million as a component of Selling, general and administrative expenses on the condensed consolidated statements of operations during the three and six months ended March 31, 2018 , respectively, related to the restricted stock. As of March 31, 2018 , there was $2.3 million of total unrecognized compensation expense related to stock options, and a weighted average remaining contractual life of 9.6 years. The outstanding stock options as of March 31, 2018 had an aggregate intrinsic value of $3.3 million . No stock options were exercisable as of March 31, 2018 . During the three months ended December 31, 2016, the Company granted certain employees a total of 28,000 RSUs under the 2016 LTIP that vest equally over a three -year period on the anniversary of the grant date provided the employee remains employed by the Company. Upon vesting, the recipients will receive a share of common stock in the Company for each RSU awarded. The fair value of these RSUs was determined based on the closing price of the Company’s stock on the grant date. The following table summarizes RSU award activity during the six months ended March 31, 2018 : RSUs Average Grant Date Fair Value Per Unit Unvested RSUs at September 30, 2017 24,500 $ 7.28 Granted — — Vested (8,162 ) 7.28 Forfeited/Canceled — — Unvested RSUs at March 31, 2018 16,338 $ 7.28 The RSUs are accounted for as equity instruments, and the Company recognized compensation cost of less than $0.1 million as a component of Selling, general and administrative expenses on the condensed consolidated statements of operations during the three and six months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017 related to the RSUs. During the six months ended March 31, 2018 , 8,162 RSUs vested, and 2,777 shares were transferred to the Company (reflected as treasury stock) to satisfy the employees’ tax withholding obligations in connection with the vesting. As of March 31, 2018 , there was $0.1 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to the RSUs, and a weighted average remaining life of 1.6 years. During the three months ended December 31, 2016, the Company also awarded 10,500 phantom RSUs and 10,000 phantom PSUs to certain non-U.S. employees under the 2016 LTIP. The phantom RSUs vest equally over a three -year period on the anniversary of the grant date while the phantom PSUs vest under the same conditions as the PSU awards described above. During the fiscal year ended September 30, 2017, 3,500 of the phantom RSUs were forfeited and all of the phantom PSUs were forfeited. Upon vesting and provided the employee remains employed by the Company at that time, the awards will be settled in cash. In accordance with ASC 718, the remaining phantom RSU awards are accounted for as a liability, with the awards re-measured at the end of each reporting period based on the closing price of the Company’s common stock or using a Monte Carlo simulation model, as applicable. Compensation expense is recognized ratably on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period. An immaterial amount of compensation expense was recognized during the three and six months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017 related to these awards. As of March 31, 2018 , there were 3,967,265 shares of the Company’s common stock available for issuance under the 2016 LTIP, assuming the PSU awards vest at their maximum target. Defined Contribution Plans Qualifying employees of the Company are eligible to participate in the Company’s 401(k) Plan. The 401(k) Plan is a defined contribution plan which allows employees to make tax deferred contributions as well as company contributions, designed to assist employees of the Company and its affiliates in providing for their retirement. The Company matches 100% of employee contributions up to 4.0% . The Company makes an additional contribution to the 401(k) Plan of 1.5% , 3.0% , or 4.5% , based upon years of service of one to ten years, eleven to twenty years and twenty-one years or more, respectively. A version of the 401(k) Plan is also available for qualifying employees of the Company in its foreign subsidiaries. The following summarizes contributions to the plans described above: Three Months Ended March 31, Six Months Ended March 31, 2018 2017 2018 2017 Contributions recorded as a component of cost of sales and operating expenses $ 1.0 $ 1.0 $ 2.0 $ 2.0 Contributions recorded as a component of selling, general and administrative expenses 1.7 1.6 3.2 3.2 Total contributions $ 2.7 $ 2.6 $ 5.2 $ 5.2 |