Viking Therapeutics (VKTX) 8-K Viking Therapeutics Announces Pricing of $550 Million Public Offering of Common Stock

Exhibit 1.1

6,471,000 Shares


VIKING THERAPEUTICS, INC.

COMMON STOCK, PAR VALUE $0.00001 PER SHARE








UNDERWRITING AGREEMENT

February 28, 2024

February 28, 2024

Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC
Leerink Partners LLC

c/o Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC
1585 Broadway
New York, New York 10036

c/o Leerink Partners LLC

255 California Street, 12th Floor

San Francisco, California 94111

Ladies and Gentlemen:

Viking Therapeutics, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), proposes to issue and sell to the several underwriters named in Schedule I hereto (the “Underwriters”), for whom Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC and Leerink Partners LLC are acting as representatives (the “Representatives”), 6,471,000 shares of its common stock, par value $0.00001 per share (the “Firm Shares”). The Company also proposes to issue and sell to the several Underwriters not more than an additional 970,650 shares of its common stock, par value $0.00001 per share (the “Additional Shares”), if and to the extent that the Representatives shall have determined to exercise, on behalf of the Underwriters, the right to purchase such shares of common stock granted to the Underwriters in Section 2 hereof. The Firm Shares and the Additional Shares are hereinafter collectively referred to as the “Shares.” The shares of common stock, par value $0.00001 per share, of the Company to be outstanding after giving effect to the sales contemplated hereby are hereinafter referred to as the “Common Stock.” In the event that the Company has only one subsidiary, then all references herein to “subsidiaries” of the Company shall be deemed to refer to such single subsidiary, mutatis mutandis.

The Company has filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Commission”) a registration statement on Form S-3ASR (File No. 333-273460), including a preliminary prospectus, relating to securities (the “Shelf Securities”), including the Shares, to be issued from time to time by the Company. The registration statement as amended to the date of this Underwriting Agreement (this “Agreement”), including the information (if any) deemed to be part of the registration statement at the time of effectiveness pursuant to Rule 430A or Rule 430B under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), is hereinafter referred to as the “Registration Statement,” and the related prospectus covering the Shelf Securities dated July 26, 2023 in the form first used to confirm sales of the Shares (or in the form first made available to the Underwriters by the Company to meet requests of purchasers pursuant to Rule 173 under the Securities Act) is hereinafter referred to as the “Basic Prospectus.” The Basic

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Prospectus, as supplemented by the prospectus supplement specifically relating to the Shares in the form first used to confirm sales of the Shares (or in the form first made available to the Underwriters by the Company to meet requests of purchasers pursuant to Rule 173 under the Securities Act) is hereinafter referred to as the “Prospectus” and the term “preliminary prospectus” means any preliminary form of the Prospectus.

For purposes of this Agreement, “free writing prospectus” has the meaning set forth in Rule 405 under the Securities Act, “Time of Sale Prospectus” means the preliminary prospectus together with the documents and pricing information set forth in Schedule II hereto, and “broadly available road show” means a “bona fide electronic road show” as defined in Rule 433(h)(5) under the Securities Act that has been made available without restriction to any person. As used herein, the terms “Registration Statement,” “Basic Prospectus,” “preliminary prospectus,” “Time of Sale Prospectus” and “Prospectus” shall include the documents, if any, incorporated by reference therein as of the date hereof. The terms “supplement,” “amendment,” and “amend” as used herein with respect to the Registration Statement, the Basic Prospectus, the Time of Sale Prospectus, any preliminary prospectus or the Prospectus shall include all documents subsequently filed by the Company with the Commission pursuant to the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), that are deemed to be incorporated by reference therein.

1.

Representations and Warranties. The Company represents and warrants to and agrees with each of the Underwriters that:

(a)

The Registration Statement has become effective; no stop order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement is in effect, and no proceedings for such purpose or pursuant to Section 8A under the Securities Act are pending before or, to the knowledge of the Company, threatened by the Commission. The Company meets the requirements for use of a registration statement on Form S-3 under the Securities Act, the Company is a well-known seasoned issuer (as defined in Rule 405 under the Securities Act) eligible to use the Registration Statement as an automatic shelf registration statement and the Company has not received notice that the Commission objects to the use of the Registration Statement as an automatic shelf registration statement.

(b)

(i) Each document, if any, filed or to be filed pursuant to the Exchange Act and incorporated by reference in the Time of Sale Prospectus or the Prospectus complied when so filed or will comply when so filed in all material respects with the Exchange Act and the applicable rules and regulations of the Commission thereunder, (ii) each part of the Registration Statement, when such part became effective, did not contain, and each such part, as amended or supplemented, if applicable, will not contain, as of the date of such amendment or supplement, any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, (iii) the Registration Statement as of the date hereof does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, (iv)

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the Registration Statement and the Prospectus comply and, as amended or supplemented, if applicable, will, as of the date of such amendment or supplement, comply in all material respects with the Securities Act and the applicable rules and regulations of the Commission thereunder, (v) the Time of Sale Prospectus does not, and at the time of each sale of the Shares in connection with the offering when the Prospectus is not yet available to prospective purchasers and at the Closing Date (as defined in Section 4), the Time of Sale Prospectus, as then amended or supplemented by the Company, if applicable, will not, contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading, (vi) each broadly available road show, if any, does not contain any information that conflicts with the information contained in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus or the Prospectus, and when considered together with the Time of Sale Prospectus, does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading and (vii) the Prospectus, as of its date, does not contain and, as amended or supplemented, if applicable, will not contain, as of the date of such amendment or supplement, or as of the Closing Date and each Option Closing Date (as defined in Section 2), any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading, except that the representations and warranties set forth in this paragraph do not apply to statements or omissions in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus or the Prospectus based upon information relating to any Underwriter furnished to the Company in writing by or on behalf of such Underwriter through the Representatives expressly for use therein.

(c)

The Company is not an “ineligible issuer” in connection with the offering pursuant to Rules 164, 405 and 433 under the Securities Act. Any free writing prospectus that the Company is required to file pursuant to Rule 433(d) under the Securities Act has been, or will be, filed with the Commission in accordance with the applicable requirements of the Securities Act and the applicable rules and regulations of the Commission thereunder. Each free writing prospectus that the Company has filed, or is required to file, pursuant to Rule 433(d) under the Securities Act or that was prepared by or on behalf of or used or referred to by the Company complies, or if filed after the effective date of this Agreement, will comply when filed, in all material respects with the requirements of the Securities Act and the applicable rules and regulations of the Commission thereunder. Except for the free writing prospectuses, if any, identified in Schedule II hereto, and electronic road shows, if any, each furnished to the Representatives before first use, the Company has not prepared, used or referred to, and will not, without the prior consent of the Representatives, prepare, use or refer to, any free writing prospectus.

(d)

The financial statements of the Company (including all notes and schedules thereto) included in the Registration Statement and the Time of Sale

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Prospectus present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company and its consolidated subsidiaries at the dates indicated, and the balance sheet, statement of operations, stockholders’ equity and cash flows of the Company and its consolidated subsidiaries for the periods specified and such financial statements, and related schedules and notes thereto, have been prepared in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”), consistently applied throughout the periods involved. The selected financial data incorporated by reference in the Time of Sale Prospectus present fairly the information shown therein at the respective dates and for the respective periods specified and have been presented on a basis consistent with the consolidated financial statements set forth in the Time of Sale Prospectus and other financial information. No other financial statements or supporting schedules are required to be included in the Registration Statement or the Time of Sale Prospectus. The other financial and related statistical information included in the Registration Statement and the Time of Sale Prospectus presents fairly in all material respects the information included therein and has been prepared on a basis consistent with that of the financial statements that are included in the Time of Sale Prospectus. All disclosures contained in the Registration Statement and the Time of Sale Prospectus regarding “non-GAAP financial measures” (as such term is defined by the rules and regulations of the Commission) comply with Regulation G of the Exchange Act and Item 10 of Regulation S-K of the Securities Act, to the extent applicable.

(e)

The statistical and market-related data included in the Registration Statement and the Time of Sale Prospectus are based on or derived from sources that the Company believes to be reliable and accurate.

(f)

Except as would not, singly or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect (as hereinafter defined), (A) the Company and each of its subsidiaries have filed all United States federal, state, local and foreign income tax returns required by law to be filed through the date hereof and all taxes shown by such returns or otherwise assessed, which are due and payable, have been paid; and (B) there is no deficiency that has been, or could reasonably be expected to be, asserted against the Company or any of its subsidiaries or any of their respective properties or assets other than tax deficiencies that the Company or any of its subsidiaries are contesting in good faith and as to which adequate reserves have been established in accordance with GAAP.

(g)

Neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries has sustained since the date of the latest audited financial statements included or incorporated by reference in the Time of Sale Prospectus any material loss or interference with its business, direct or contingent, including from fire, explosion, flood or other calamity, whether or not covered by insurance, or from any labor dispute or court or governmental action, order or decree, otherwise than as set forth or contemplated in the Time of Sale Prospectus; and, since the respective dates as of which information is given in the Registration Statement and the Time of Sale

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Prospectus, there has not been (i) any change in the capital stock or long‑term debt of the Company or any of its subsidiaries, taken as a whole (other than changes pursuant to agreements or employee benefit plans or in connection with the exercise of options or warrants, in each case as described or referred to in the Time of Sale Prospectus) or (ii) any material adverse change, or any development involving a prospective material adverse change, in or affecting the properties, business, management, prospects, operations, earnings, assets, liabilities or condition (financial or otherwise) of the Company and its subsidiaries, taken as a whole (a “Material Adverse Effect”).

(h)

The Company and its subsidiaries have good and marketable title to all real property owned by them and have good title to all other property owned by them, in each case free and clear of all liens, encumbrances and defects, except such as do not materially affect the value of such property and do not interfere with the use made and proposed to be made of such property by the Company and its subsidiaries; and any real property and buildings held under lease by the Company and its subsidiaries are held by them under valid, subsisting and enforceable leases, with such exceptions as are not material and do not materially interfere with the use made and proposed to be made of such property and buildings by the Company and its subsidiaries.

(i)

Neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries is in violation of any statute, any rule, regulation, decision or order of any federal, provincial, state, local, municipal, national or international government or governmental authority, regulatory or administrative agency, governmental commission, department, board, bureau, agency or instrumentality, court, tribunal, arbitrator or arbitral body (public or private), self-regulatory organization or any political subdivision of any of the foregoing (each, a “Governmental Authority”), relating to the use, disposal or release of hazardous or toxic substances or relating to the protection or restoration of the environment or human exposure to hazardous or toxic substances (collectively, “Environmental Laws”), owns or operates any real property contaminated with any substance that is subject to any Environmental Laws, is liable for any off-site disposal or contamination pursuant to any Environmental Laws, or is subject to any claim relating to any Environmental Laws, which violation, contamination, liability or claim would, individually or in the aggregate, have a Material Adverse Effect; and the Company is not aware of any pending investigation which might lead to such a claim that would have a Material Adverse Effect. Neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries anticipates incurring any material capital expenditures relating to compliance with Environmental Laws.

(j)

The Company (i) has been duly incorporated and is validly existing as a corporation in good standing under the laws of the State of Delaware, with corporate power and corporate authority to own its properties and conduct its business as described in the Time of Sale Prospectus and (ii) has been duly qualified as a foreign corporation for the transaction of business and is in good standing under the laws of each other jurisdiction in which it owns or leases

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properties or conducts any business so as to require such qualification, except in the case of clause (ii), where the failure to be so qualified or be in good standing would not have a Material Adverse Effect; and each subsidiary of the Company (x) has been duly incorporated or formed, as the case may be, and is validly existing as a corporation or limited liability company, as applicable, in good standing under the laws of its jurisdiction of incorporation or formation (to the extent such good standing concept exists in such jurisdiction), with the company power and authority to own its properties and conduct its business as described in the Time of Sale Prospectus and (y) has been duly qualified as a foreign corporation or limited liability company or other entity for the transaction of business and is in good standing under the laws of each other jurisdiction (to the extent such good standing concept exists in such jurisdiction) in which it owns or leases properties or conducts any business so as to require such qualification, except in the case of clause (y), where the failure to be so qualified or be in good standing would not have a Material Adverse Effect.

(k)

This Agreement has been duly authorized, executed and delivered by the Company.

(l)

The Company has an authorized capitalization as set forth in the Basic Prospectus under the caption “Description of Capital Stock” and all of the issued shares of capital stock of the Company have been duly authorized and validly issued and are fully paid and non-assessable and, with respect to shares of Common Stock, conform to the description of the Common Stock contained in the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus and all of the issued shares of capital stock of each subsidiary of the Company, if any, have been duly authorized and validly issued, are fully paid and non-assessable and are owned directly or indirectly by the Company, free and clear of all liens, encumbrances, equities or claims and there are no options, warrants or other rights to acquire shares of capital stock of any subsidiary of the Company; with respect to equity-based awards (the “Awards”) granted pursuant to the equity-based compensation plans of the Company (the “Company Stock Plans”), (i) each Award intended to qualify as an “incentive stock option” under Section 422 of the Internal Revenue Code so qualifies, (ii) each grant of an Award was duly authorized no later than the date on which the grant of such Award was by its terms to be effective (the “Grant Date”) by all necessary corporate action, including, as applicable, approval by the Board of Directors of the Company (or a duly constituted and authorized committee thereof) and any required stockholder approval by the necessary number of votes or written consents, and the award agreement governing such grant (if any) was duly executed and delivered by each party thereto, (iii) each such grant was made in accordance with the terms of the Company Stock Plans, (iv) the per share exercise price of each Award was equal to the fair market value of a share of Common Stock, as determined in good faith by the Board of Directors of the Company on the effective Grant Date and (v) each such grant was properly accounted for in accordance with GAAP, except, in each case, as would not have a Material Adverse Effect.

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(m)

The Shares to be issued and sold by the Company to the Underwriters hereunder have been duly authorized and, when issued and delivered against payment therefor as provided herein, will be duly and validly issued, fully paid and non‑assessable and will conform to the description of the Shares contained in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus; and the issuance of the Shares is not subject to any preemptive or similar rights that have not been waived or complied with.

(n)

The issue and sale of the Shares and the compliance by the Company with its obligations under this Agreement and the consummation of the transactions herein contemplated (i) will not conflict with or result in a material breach or violation of any of the terms or provisions of, or constitute a material default under, any indenture, mortgage, deed of trust, loan agreement, lease or other agreement or instrument to which the Company or any of its subsidiaries is a party or by which the Company or any of its subsidiaries is bound or to which any of the property or assets of the Company or any of its subsidiaries is subject, (ii) will not violate any of the provisions of the Certificate of Incorporation or Bylaws of the Company, or the organizational documents of any subsidiary of the Company, (iii) will not violate any statute or any order, rule or regulation of any Governmental Authority having jurisdiction over the Company or any of its subsidiaries or any of their properties, and (iv) will not require any consent, approval, authorization, order, registration or qualification of or with any Governmental Authority or third party, except for (x) such consents, approvals, authorizations, orders, registrations or qualifications that have been obtained or made and are in full force and effect, (y) the registration under the Securities Act of the Shares, the approval by the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. (“FINRA”) of the underwriting terms and arrangements and (z) such consents, approvals, authorizations, orders, registrations or qualifications as may be required under state securities or Blue Sky laws in connection with the purchase and distribution of the Shares by the Underwriters.

(o)

Neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries is (i) in violation of its Certificate of Incorporation, Bylaws or other organizational documents or (ii) in default in the performance or observance of any obligation, agreement, covenant or condition contained in any indenture, mortgage, deed of trust, loan agreement, lease or other agreement or instrument to which it is a party or by which it or any of its properties may be bound, except, in the case of clause (ii), to the extent that such default would not have a Material Adverse Effect.

(p)

The statements set forth in the Time of Sale Prospectus and Prospectus under the caption “Description of Capital Stock,” insofar as they purport to constitute a summary of the terms of the Common Stock, and under the caption “Underwriters,” insofar as they purport to describe the provisions of the laws and documents referred to therein, are accurate and complete in all material respects.

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(q)

There are no legal or governmental proceedings pending to which the Company or any of its subsidiaries or, to the knowledge of the Company, any officer or director of the Company is a party or of which any property or assets of the Company or any of its subsidiaries is the subject which, if determined adversely to the Company or any of its subsidiaries or any officer or director, would individually or in the aggregate reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect; and, to the Company’s knowledge, no such proceedings are threatened by any Governmental Authority or threatened by others.

(r)

The Company is not and, after giving effect to the offering and sale of the Shares and the application of the proceeds thereof, will not be an “investment company,” as such term is defined in the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended.

(s)

Marcum LLP, who have audited certain financial statements of the Company and its subsidiaries, is an independent registered public accounting firm with respect to the Company as required by the Securities Act and the rules and regulations of the Commission thereunder and the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (the “PCAOB”).

(t)

The Company maintains a system of internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act) that complies with the requirements of the Exchange Act and has been designed by the Company’s principal executive officer and principal financial officer, or under their supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with GAAP. The Company’s internal control over financial reporting is effective and the Company is not aware of any “significant deficiencies” or “material weaknesses” (each as defined by the PCAOB) in its internal control over financial reporting.

(u)

The Company’s Board of Directors meets the independence requirements of, and has established an audit committee that meets the independence requirements of, the rules and regulations of the Commission and The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC (“Nasdaq”).

(v)

Since the date of the latest audited financial statements included or incorporated by reference in the Time of Sale Prospectus, there has been no change in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

(w)

The Company maintains disclosure controls and procedures (as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Exchange Act) that comply with the requirements of the Exchange Act; such disclosure controls and procedures have been designed to ensure that material information relating to the Company and its subsidiaries is made known to the Company’s principal executive officer

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and principal financial officer by others within those entities, and such disclosure controls and procedures are effective.

(x)

The Company owns, possesses, or, to the knowledge of the Company, can acquire on reasonable terms, all Intellectual Property necessary for the conduct of the Company’s business as now conducted or as described in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus to be conducted. Furthermore, (i) to the knowledge of the Company, and except as described in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus, there is no infringement, misappropriation or violation by third parties of any such Intellectual Property; (ii) there is no pending or, to the knowledge of the Company, threatened, action, suit, proceeding or claim by others challenging the Company’s rights in or to any such Intellectual Property, and the Company is unaware of any facts which would form a reasonable basis for any such claim; (iii) the Intellectual Property owned by the Company, and to the knowledge of the Company, the Intellectual Property licensed to the Company, has not been adjudged invalid or unenforceable, in whole or in part, and there is no pending or, to the knowledge of the Company, threatened action, suit, proceeding or claim by others challenging the validity or scope of any such Intellectual Property, and the Company is unaware of any facts which would form a reasonable basis for any such claim; (iv) there is no pending or, to the knowledge of the Company, threatened action, suit, proceeding or claim by others that the Company infringes, misappropriates or otherwise violates any Intellectual Property or other proprietary rights of others, the Company has not received any written notice of such claim, and the Company is unaware of any other fact which would form a reasonable basis for any such claim; and (v) to the Company’s knowledge, no employee or consultant of the Company is in or has ever been in violation of any term of any employment contract, patent disclosure agreement, invention assignment agreement, non-competition agreement, non-solicitation agreement, nondisclosure agreement or any restrictive covenant to or with a former employer where the basis of such violation relates to such employee’s employment with the Company or actions undertaken by the employee or consultant while employed with the Company. “Intellectual Property” shall mean all patents, patent applications, trade and service marks, trade and service mark registrations, trade names, copyrights, licenses, inventions, trade secrets, domain names, technology, know-how, software, systems and technology, and other intellectual property. The Intellectual Property licensed, owned or purported to be owned by the Company are enforceable, subsisting and, to the knowledge of the Company, valid. The Intellectual Property necessary for the conduct of the Company’s business as now conducted or as described in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus to be conducted licensed, owned or purported to be owned by the Company is free and clear of all material liens, security interests, or encumbrances, other than non-exclusive licenses granted in the ordinary course of business. There are no material defects in any of the patents or patent applications, trademark applications or trademark registrations, or copyright registrations included in the Intellectual Property necessary for the conduct of the Company’s business as now conducted or as described in the Registration

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Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus to be conducted. The Company has taken all reasonable steps to protect, maintain and safeguard the Intellectual Property necessary for the conduct of the Company’s business as now conducted or as described in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus to be conducted, including payment of applicable maintenance fees, filing of applicable statements of use, timely responding to office actions, complying with the duties of candor and good faith required by the United States Patent and Trademark Office.

(y)

There are no off-balance sheet arrangements (as defined in Regulation S-K Item 303(a)(4)(ii)) that may have a material current or future effect on the Company’s financial condition, changes in financial condition, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources.

(z)

The Company and each of its subsidiaries have for the past six (6) years complied, and are presently in compliance, in all material respects, with its privacy and security policies, and with all applicable obligations, laws and regulations, and contractually obligated industry standards regarding the collection, use, transfer, storage, protection, disposal and/or disclosure of personally identifiable information and/or any other information collected from or provided by third parties. The Company and its subsidiaries have taken commercially reasonable steps to protect the information technology systems and data used in connection with the operation of the Company and/or its subsidiaries. The Company and its subsidiaries have used reasonable efforts to establish, and have established, commercially reasonable disaster recovery and security plans, procedures and facilities for the business, including, without limitation, for the information technology systems and data held or used by or for the Company and/or any of its subsidiaries. Neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries has experienced an actual or suspected security breach or attack or other compromise of or relating to any such information technology system or data, except for those that have been remedied without material cost or liability.

(aa)

The Company and each of its subsidiaries are insured by insurers of recognized financial responsibility against such losses and risks and in such amounts as are, in the Company’s reasonable judgment, prudent and customary in the businesses in which they are engaged; neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries has been refused any insurance coverage sought or applied for; and neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries has any reason to believe that it will not be able to renew its existing insurance coverage as and when such coverage expires or to obtain similar coverage from similar insurers as may be necessary to continue its business at a cost that would not have a Material Adverse Effect.

(bb)

There are no contracts or other documents which are required to be described in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus or the Prospectus or to be filed as an exhibit to the Registration Statement which have not been described or filed as required.

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(cc)

Except as disclosed in the Registration Statement, there are no related party transactions that would be required to be disclosed therein by Item 404 of Regulation S-K promulgated under the Securities Act and any such related party transactions described therein are accurately described in all material respects.

(dd)

None of the following events has occurred or exists: (A) a failure to fulfill the obligations, if any, under the minimum funding standards of Section 302 of the United States Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended (“ERISA”), and the regulations and published interpretations thereunder with respect to a Plan, determined without regard to any waiver of such obligations or extension of any amortization period; (B) an audit or investigation by the Internal Revenue Service, the U.S. Department of Labor, the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation or any Governmental Authority with respect to the employment or compensation of employees by any of the Company or any of its subsidiaries; or (C) any breach of any contractual obligation, or any violation of law or applicable qualification standards, with respect to the employment or compensation of employees by the Company or any of its subsidiaries, except, in the case of clause (C), as would not have a Material Adverse Effect. Except as would not have, individually or in the aggregate, a Material Adverse Effect, none of the following events has occurred or is reasonably likely to occur: (A) an increase in the aggregate amount of contributions required to be made to all Plans in the current fiscal year of the Company and its subsidiaries compared to the amount of such contributions made in the most recently completed fiscal year of the Company and its subsidiaries; (B) an increase in the “accumulated post-retirement benefit obligations” (within the meaning of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards 106) of the Company and its subsidiaries compared to the amount of such obligations in the most recently completed fiscal year of the Company and its subsidiaries; (C) any event or condition giving rise to a liability under Title IV of ERISA; or (D) the filing of a material claim by one or more employees or former employees of the Company or any of its subsidiaries related to their employment. For purposes of this paragraph, the term “Plan” means a plan (within the meaning of Section 3(3) of ERISA) with respect to which the Company or any of its subsidiaries may have any liability.

(ee)

The operations of the Company and its subsidiaries are and have been conducted at all times in material compliance with ERISA, the rules and regulations thereunder and any related or similar rules, regulations or guidelines, issued, administered or enforced by any Governmental Authority (collectively, the “Employee Benefit Laws”) and no action, suit or proceeding by or before any Governmental Authority to which the Company or any of its subsidiaries is a party with respect to the Employee Benefit Laws is pending or, to the knowledge of the Company, threatened.

(ff)

There are no contracts, agreements or understandings between the Company or its subsidiaries and any person that would give rise to a valid claim

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against the Company or any Underwriter for a brokerage commission, finder’s fee or other like payment in connection with the offering of the Shares.

(gg)

None of the outstanding shares of Common Stock were issued in violation of any preemptive rights, rights of first refusal or other similar rights to subscribe for or purchase securities of the Company; there are no persons with registration or other similar rights to have securities of the Company registered under the Securities Act other than as disclosed in the Time of Sale Prospectus; and there are no persons with registration or similar rights that would require any securities of the Company to be included in the Registration Statement or in the offering contemplated hereby; there are no authorized or outstanding options, warrants, preemptive rights, rights of first refusal or other rights to purchase, or equity or debt securities convertible into or exchangeable or exercisable for, any capital stock of the Company or any of its subsidiaries other than those described in the Time of Sale Prospectus or those issued or issuable under the Company Stock Plans described in the Time of Sale Prospectus; and the description of the Company’s stock option, stock bonus and other stock plans or arrangements, and the options or other rights granted thereunder, included in the Time of Sale Prospectus fairly presents the information required to be shown with respect to such plans, arrangements, options and rights.

(hh)

(i) Neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries, nor any or their directors or officers, nor, to the Company’s knowledge, any employee, agent, affiliate or representative of the Company or its subsidiaries, is an individual or entity that is, or is owned or controlled by an individual or entity that is (A) the subject of any sanctions administered or enforced by the U.S. Department of Treasury’s Office of Foreign Assets Control, the United Nations Security Council, the European Union, His Majesty’s Treasury or other relevant sanctions authority (collectively, “Sanctions”), nor (B) located, organized or resident in a country or territory that is the subject of Sanctions (including, without limitation, Cuba, Iran, North Korea, Syria, the Crimea region of Ukraine, the so-called Donetsk People’s Republic or the so-called Luhansk People’s Republic); (ii) neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries will, directly or indirectly, use the proceeds of the offering, or lend, contribute or otherwise make available such proceeds to any subsidiary, joint venture partner or other individual or entity (A) to fund or facilitate any activities or business of or with any individual or entity or in any country or territory that, at the time of such funding or facilitation, is the subject of Sanctions; or (B) in any other manner that will result in a violation of Sanctions by any individual or entity (including any individual or entity participating in the offering, whether as underwriter, advisor, investor or otherwise); (iii) for the past five years, neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries has knowingly engaged in, and is not now knowingly engaged in, any dealings or transactions with any individual or entity, or in any country or territory, that at the time of the dealing or transaction is or was the subject of Sanctions.

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(ii)

The operations of the Company and its subsidiaries are and have been conducted at all times in compliance with applicable federal, state, international, foreign or other laws, regulations or government guidance regarding financial record-keeping and reporting requirements, including, without limitation, Title 18 U.S. Code Section 1956 and 1957, the Bank Secrecy Act, as amended by Title III of the Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act of 2001 (USA PATRIOT Act), the Currency and Foreign Transactions Reporting Act of 1970, as amended, the applicable money laundering statutes of jurisdictions where the Company and the subsidiaries conduct business, the applicable rules and regulations thereunder, and international anti-money laundering principles or procedures by an intergovernmental group or organization, such as the Financial Action Task Force on Money Laundering, of which the United States is a member and with which designation the United States representative to the group or organization continues to concur, all as amended, and any executive order, directive or regulation pursuant to the authority of any of the foregoing, or any orders or licenses issued thereunder and any related or similar rules, regulations or guidelines, issued, administered or enforced by any Governmental Authority (collectively, the “Money Laundering Laws”), and no action, suit or proceeding by or before any Governmental Authority involving the Company or any of its subsidiaries with respect to the Money Laundering Laws is pending or, to the knowledge of the Company, threatened.

(jj)

Neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries, nor any director or officer thereof, nor, to the Company’s knowledge, any agent, employee or affiliate of the Company or any of its subsidiaries is aware of or has taken any action, directly or indirectly, that would result in a violation by such persons of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977, as amended, and the rules and regulations thereunder (the “FCPA”), including, without limitation, making use of the mails or any means or instrumentality of interstate commerce corruptly in furtherance of an offer, payment, promise to pay or authorization of the payment of any money, or other property, gift, promise to give, or authorization of the giving of anything of value to any “foreign official” (as such term is defined in the FCPA) or any foreign political party or official thereof or any candidate for foreign political office, in contravention of the FCPA and the Company, its subsidiaries and its affiliates have conducted their businesses in compliance in all material respects with the FCPA and have instituted and maintain policies and procedures designed to reasonably ensure, and which are expected to continue to reasonably ensure, continued compliance therewith;

(kk)

The Company: (i) is in compliance in all material respects with all statutes, rules, regulations, ordinances, orders and decrees applicable to the ownership, testing, in humans or laboratory models, development, manufacture, formulation, packaging, processing, recordkeeping, use, distribution, marketing, labeling, promotion, sale, price reporting, reimbursement, storage, import, export or disposal of any product manufactured or distributed by or for the Company (“Applicable Laws”); (ii) to the knowledge of the Company,

13

has not, either voluntarily or involuntarily, disclosed to any Governmental Authority any material violations of Applicable Laws; (iii) has not received any Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) Form 483 or any foreign counterpart thereof, warning letter, clinical hold notice or untitled letter from the FDA, any Institutional Review Board (as defined by federal regulation at 21 CFR Section 56.102(g)) or any other Governmental Authority alleging or asserting noncompliance with any Applicable Laws or any licenses, approvals, clearances, authorizations, permits and supplements or amendments thereto required by any such Applicable Laws (“Authorizations”); (iv) has not received notification of nor have reason to believe that any audits by a Governmental Authority have resulted in a determination that any of its respective products have been improperly reimbursed; (v) possesses all Authorizations (including, without limitation, exemptions under any Investigational Device Exemption or Investigational New Drug Application, as described at 21 CFR Sections 312 and 812, and approvals of any Institutional Review Board), which are in full force and effect, required for the conduct of its business (and such Authorizations are valid and in full force and effect) and are not in violation of any material term of any such Authorizations; (vi) has not received written notice of any pending or threatened claim, suit, proceeding, clinical hold, hearing, enforcement, audit, investigation, arbitration, suspension, debarment or exclusion from any Governmental Authority or Institutional Review Board alleging that any of its operations or activities is in violation of any Applicable Laws or Authorizations and the Company has no knowledge or reason to believe that any such Governmental Authority, Institutional Review Board or other non-governmental authority is considering any such claim, suit, proceeding, clinical hold, hearing, enforcement, audit, investigation, arbitration, suspension, debarment or exclusion; (vii) has not received written notice that any Governmental Authority or Institutional Review Board has taken, is taking or intends to take action to limit, suspend, modify or revoke any Authorizations and the Company has no knowledge or reason to believe that any such Governmental Authority or Institutional Review Board is considering such action; (viii) has, or has had on its behalf, filed, declared, obtained, maintained or submitted all reports, documents, forms, notices, applications, records, claims, submissions and supplements or amendments as are required by any Applicable Laws or Authorizations, and all such reports, documents, forms, notices, applications, records, claims, submissions and supplements or amendments were materially complete and correct on the date filed (or were corrected or supplemented by a subsequent submission); and (ix) has not, either voluntarily or involuntarily, initiated, conducted or issued, or caused to be initiated, conducted or issued, any recall, market withdrawal or replacement, safety alert, warning, “dear doctor” letter or investigator notice relating to an alleged lack of safety or efficacy of any product or product candidate, any alleged product defect, or violation of any material Applicable Laws or Authorizations and the Company is not aware of any facts that would cause the Company to initiate any such notice or action and the Company has no knowledge or reason to believe that any Governmental Authority, Institutional Review Board or other non-governmental authority

14

intends to initiate any such notice or action. Any clinical trials conducted by or on behalf of the Company that are described in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus or the Prospectus were and, if still pending, are being conducted in compliance in all material respects with experimental protocols, procedures and controls pursuant to accepted professional scientific standards and all applicable federal, state, local and foreign laws, rules and regulations, including, but not limited to, the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act and implementing regulations at 21 C.F.R. Parts 50, 54, 56, 58 and 312. Any descriptions of studies, tests and preclinical and clinical trials, including any related results and regulatory status, contained in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus or the Prospectus are, and will be, accurate and complete in all material respects. The Company is not aware of any studies, tests or trials the results of which reasonably call into question in any material respect the clinical trial results described or referred to in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus or the Prospectus. The Company has not received any written notices or other correspondence from the FDA, an Institutional Review Board or other governmental agency requiring or recommending the termination, suspension or material modification of any clinical trials conducted by, or on behalf of, the Company or in which the Company has participated;

(ll)

Without limiting the generality of Section 1(kk), neither the Company nor any of its employees, officers, directors and agents, nor any of their respective business operations, has for the past six years violated, nor is in violation of any applicable Health Care Laws in any material respect. For purposes of this Agreement, “Health Care Laws” means: (i) the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act and the regulations promulgated thereunder, including the U.S. Prescription Drug Marketing Act of 1987, as amended, and the regulations promulgated thereunder; (ii) all federal, state, local and all foreign health care related fraud and abuse laws, including, without limitation, the U.S. Anti-Kickback Statute (42 U.S.C. Section 1320a-7b(b)), the U.S. Civil False Claims Act (31 U.S.C. Section 3729 et seq.), Sections 1320a-7 and 1320a-7a of Title 42 of the United States Code and the regulations promulgated pursuant to such statutes; (iii) any criminal laws relating to health care fraud and abuse, including but not limited to 18 U.S.C. Sections 286 and 287, and the health care fraud criminal provisions under the U.S. Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (“HIPAA”); (iv) the Standards for Privacy of Individually Identifiable Health Information, the Security Standards, the Standards for Electronic Transactions and Code Sets promulgated under HIPAA (42 U.S.C. Section 1320d et seq.), the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act (42 U.S.C. Section 17921 et seq.), and the regulations promulgated thereunder and any state or non-U.S. counterpart thereof or other law or regulation the purpose of which is to protect the privacy of individuals or prescribers; (v) the U.S. Controlled Substances Act; (vi) any laws or regulations that govern participation in or coverage or reimbursement from any U.S. or state health care program, including but not limited to the federal TRICARE statute (10 U.S.C. Section 1071 et seq.), the Veterans Administration drug pricing program (38 U.S.C. Section 8126), and any regulations promulgated

15

thereunder; (vii) quality, safety and accreditation standards and requirements of any applicable federal, state, local or foreign laws or regulatory bodies; and (viii) any and all other applicable health care laws and regulations in any jurisdiction, as well as contractual agreements mandated by such laws. Additionally, neither the Company, any of its subsidiaries, nor any of their respective employees, officers, directors, agents or contractors has been debarred under 21 U.S.C. Section 335a or excluded, suspended or debarred from participation in any federal health care program or, to the knowledge of the Company, is subject to an inquiry, investigation, proceeding, or other similar matter that could subject the Company or any of its employees, officers, directors, agents or contractors to any such exclusion, suspension or debarment.

(mm)

The Company is in compliance with all applicable provisions of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, as amended, and the rules and regulations of the Commission thereunder.

(nn)

The interactive data in eXtensible Business Reporting Language incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus fairly presents the information called for in all material respects and has been prepared in accordance with the Commission’s rules and guidelines applicable thereto.

(oo)

The Company, or any of its subsidiaries, is not a party to and does not have any ongoing reporting obligations pursuant to any corporate integrity agreements, monitoring agreements, deferred prosecution agreements, consent decrees, settlement orders, plan of correction or similar agreements with or imposed by any Governmental Authority.

(pp)

The Company and each of its subsidiaries meet all applicable third-party payor requirements and conditions of participation and are a party to valid participation or other agreements required for payment by such third-party payor programs. There are no material suspensions, offsets or recoupments of any third-party payor payments being sought, requested or claimed, or to the Company’s knowledge, threatened against the Company or any of its subsidiaries. As of the date of this Agreement, neither the Company nor any subsidiary has received any written notice of denial of material payment, recoupment, or overpayment from any third-party payor in excess of $50,000. There is no action pending or received or, to the knowledge of the Company, threatened, against the Company or any of its subsidiaries which relates in any way to a violation of any legal requirement pertaining to the third-party payors or which could result in the imposition of material penalties, termination or the exclusion of the Company or any of its subsidiaries from participation in any third-party payor agreement.

(qq)

No relationship, direct or indirect, exists between or among the Company or any of its subsidiaries, on the one hand, and the directors, officers, stockholders, customers or suppliers of the Company or any of its

16

subsidiaries, on the other, that is required by the Securities Act to be described in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus and that is not so described in such documents and in the Time of Sale Prospectus.

(rr)

(i) There has been no security breach or incident, unauthorized access or disclosure, or other compromise of or relating to the Company’s or its subsidiaries’ information technology and computer systems, networks, hardware, software, data and databases (including the data and information of their respective customers, employees, suppliers, vendors and any third-party data maintained, processed or stored by the Company and its subsidiaries, and any such data processed or stored by third parties on behalf of the Company and its subsidiaries), equipment or technology (collectively, “IT Systems and Data”), except for those that have been remedied without material cost or liability; (ii) except as has not been material to the Company and its subsidiaries, neither the Company nor its subsidiaries have been notified of, and have no knowledge of any event or condition that would reasonably be expected to result in, any security breach or incident, unauthorized access or disclosure or other compromise to their IT Systems and Data; and (iii) the Company and its subsidiaries, taken as a whole, have implemented commercially reasonable controls, policies, procedures and technological safeguards to maintain and protect the integrity, continuous operation, redundancy and security of their IT Systems and Data reasonably consistent with industry standards and practices, or as required by applicable regulatory standards. The Company and its subsidiaries have for the past six years complied, and are presently in material compliance, with all applicable laws or statutes and all applicable judgments, orders, rules and regulations of any Governmental Authority, internal policies and contractual obligations relating to the privacy and security of IT Systems and Data and to the protection of such IT Systems and Data from unauthorized use, access, misappropriation or modification.

(ss)

Except as described in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus, the Company has not sold, issued or distributed any shares of Common Stock during the six month period preceding the date hereof, including any sales pursuant to Rule 144A under, or Regulation D or S of, the Securities Act, other than shares issued pursuant to Company Stock Plans.

(tt)

There are no debt securities or preferred stock issued, or guaranteed by, the Company or any of its subsidiaries that are rated by a “nationally recognized statistical rating organization,” as such term is defined in Section 3(a)(62) of the Exchange Act.

(uu)

Each preliminary prospectus filed as part of the Registration Statement as originally filed or as part of any amendment thereto, or filed pursuant to Rule 424 under the Securities Act, complied when so filed in all material respects with the applicable requirements of the Securities Act and the applicable rules and regulations of the Commission thereunder.

17

(vv)

The Company has not taken, directly or indirectly, any action designed to or that would reasonably be expected to cause or result in any stabilization or manipulation of the price of the Shares.

(ww)

The Company (i) has not alone engaged in any Testing-the-Waters Communication with any person and (ii) has not authorized anyone to engage in Testing-the-Waters Communications. The Company has not distributed any Testing-the-Waters Communication that is a written communication within the meaning of Rule 405 under the Securities Act (a “Written Testing-the-Waters Communication”). “Testing-the-Waters Communication” means any communication with potential investors undertaken in reliance on Section 5(d) or Rule 163B of the Securities Act.

2.

Agreements to Sell and Purchase. The Company hereby agrees to sell to the several Underwriters, and each Underwriter, upon the basis of the representations and warranties herein contained, but subject to the terms and conditions hereinafter stated, agrees, severally and not jointly, to purchase from the Company the respective numbers of Firm Shares set forth in Schedule I hereto opposite its name at $80.305705 per share (the “Purchase Price”).

On the basis of the representations and warranties contained in this Agreement, and subject to its terms and conditions, the Company agrees to sell to the Underwriters the Additional Shares, and the Underwriters shall have the right to purchase, severally and not jointly, up to 970,650 Additional Shares at the Purchase Price, provided, however, that the amount paid by the Underwriters for any Additional Shares shall be reduced by an amount per share equal to any dividends or distribution declared by the Company and payable on the Firm Shares but not payable on such Additional Shares. The Representatives may exercise this right on behalf of the Underwriters in whole or from time to time in part by giving written notice not later than 30 days after the date of this Agreement. Any exercise notice shall specify the number of Additional Shares to be purchased by the Underwriters and the date on which such Additional Shares are to be purchased. Each purchase date must be at least one business day after the written notice is given and may not be earlier than the Closing Date for the Firm Shares, or, unless agreed to in writing by the Company, no earlier than two or later than ten business days after the date of such notice. On each day, if any, that Additional Shares are to be purchased (an “Option Closing Date”), each Underwriter agrees, severally and not jointly, to purchase the number of Additional Shares (subject to such adjustments to eliminate fractional shares as the Representatives may determine) that bears the same proportion to the total number of Additional Shares to be purchased on such Option Closing Date as the aggregate number of Firm Shares set forth in Schedule I hereto opposite the name of such Underwriter bears to the total number of Firm Shares.

3.

Terms of Public Offering. The Company is advised by the Representatives that the Underwriters propose to make a public offering of their respective portions of the Shares as soon after the Registration Statement and this Agreement have become effective as in the judgment of the Representatives is advisable. The Company is further advised by the Representatives that the Shares are to be offered to the public initially at

18

$85.00 per share (the “Public Offering Price”) and to certain dealers selected by the Representatives at a price that represents a concession not in excess of $2.816577 per share under the Public Offering Price.

4.

Payment and Delivery. Payment for the Firm Shares shall be made to the Company in Federal or other funds immediately available in New York City against delivery of such Firm Shares for the respective accounts of the several Underwriters at 10:00 a.m., New York City time, on March 4, 2024, or at such other time on the same or such other date, not later than the fifth business day thereafter, as shall be designated in writing by the Representatives. The time and date of such payment are hereinafter referred to as the “Closing Date.”

Payment for any Additional Shares shall be made to the Company in Federal or other funds immediately available in New York City against delivery of such Additional Shares for the respective accounts of the several Underwriters at 10:00 a.m., New York City time, on the date specified in the corresponding notice described in Section 2 or at such other time on the same or on such other date, in any event not later than the tenth business day thereafter, as shall be designated in writing by the Representatives.

The Firm Shares and Additional Shares shall be registered in such names and in such denominations as the Representatives shall request not later than one full business day prior to the Closing Date or the applicable Option Closing Date, as the case may be. The Firm Shares and Additional Shares shall be delivered to the Representatives on the Closing Date or an Option Closing Date, as the case may be, for the respective accounts of the several Underwriters, with any transfer taxes payable in connection with the transfer of the Shares to the Underwriters duly paid, against payment of the Purchase Price therefor.

5.

Conditions to the Underwriters’ Obligations.

The several obligations of the Underwriters are subject to the following conditions:

(a)

Subsequent to the execution and delivery of this Agreement and prior to the Closing Date:

(i)

no order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement shall be in effect, and no proceeding for such purpose or pursuant to Section 8A under the Securities Act shall be pending before or to the knowledge of the Company, threatened by the Commission;

(ii)

there shall not have occurred any downgrading, nor shall any notice have been given of any intended or potential downgrading or of any review for a possible change that does not indicate the direction of the possible change, in the rating accorded any of the securities of the Company or any of its subsidiaries by any “nationally recognized statistical rating organization,” as such term is defined in Section 3(a)(62) of the Exchange Act; and

19

(iii)

there shall not have occurred any change, or any development involving a prospective change, in the condition, financial or otherwise, or in the earnings, business or operations of the Company and its subsidiaries, taken as a whole, from that set forth in the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus that, in the judgment of the Representatives, is material and adverse and that makes it, in the judgment of the Representatives, impracticable to market the Shares on the terms and in the manner contemplated in the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus.

(b)

The Underwriters shall have received on the Closing Date a certificate, dated the Closing Date and signed by an executive officer of the Company, to the effect set forth in Sections 5(a)(i) and 5(a)(ii) above and to the effect that the representations and warranties of the Company contained in this Agreement are true and correct as of the Closing Date and that the Company has complied with all of the agreements and satisfied all of the conditions on its part to be performed or satisfied hereunder on or before the Closing Date. The officer signing and delivering such certificate may rely upon the best of his or her knowledge as to proceedings threatened.

(c)

The Underwriters shall have received on the Closing Date an opinion and negative assurance letter of Paul Hastings LLP, outside counsel for the Company, dated the Closing Date, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Representatives.

(d)

The Underwriters shall have received on the Closing Date an opinion and negative assurance letter of Cooley LLP, counsel for the Underwriters, dated the Closing Date, in form and substance satisfactory to the Underwriters.

With respect to Sections 5(c) and (d) above, Paul Hastings LLP and Cooley LLP may state that their opinions and beliefs are based upon their participation in the preparation of the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus and any amendments or supplements thereto and review and discussion of the contents thereof, but are without independent check or verification, except as specified.

The opinion and negative assurance letter of Paul Hastings LLP described in Section 5(c)above shall be rendered to the Underwriters at the request of the Company and shall so state therein.

(e)

The Underwriters shall have received on the Closing Date an opinion of Knobbe Martens Olson & Bear, LLP, intellectual property counsel for the Company, dated the Closing Date, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Underwriters.

(f)

The Underwriters shall have received, on each of the date hereof and the Closing Date, a letter dated the date hereof or the Closing Date, as the

20

case may be, in form and substance satisfactory to the Underwriters, from Marcum LLP, independent public accountants, containing statements and information of the type ordinarily included in accountants’ “comfort letters” to underwriters with respect to the financial statements and certain financial information contained in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus; provided that the letter delivered on the Closing Date shall use a “cut‑off date” not earlier than the date hereof.

(g)

The “lock‑up” agreements, each substantially in the form of Exhibit A hereto, executed by all executive officers and directors of the Company relating to restrictions on sales and certain other dispositions of shares of Common Stock or certain other securities, delivered to the Representatives on or before the date hereof, shall be in full force and effect on the Closing Date.

(h)

The Underwriters shall have received on the Closing Date an officer’s certificate regarding certain regulatory disclosures, in form and substance satisfactory to the Underwriters.

(i)

The several obligations of the Underwriters to purchase Additional Shares hereunder are subject to the delivery to the Representatives on the applicable Option Closing Date of the following:

(i)

a certificate, dated the Option Closing Date and signed by an executive officer of the Company, confirming that the certificate delivered on the Closing Date pursuant to Section 5(b) hereof remains true and correct as of such Option Closing Date;

(ii)

an opinion and negative assurance letter of Paul Hastings LLP, outside counsel for the Company, dated the Option Closing Date, relating to the Additional Shares to be purchased on such Option Closing Date and otherwise to the same effect as the opinion required by Section 5(c) hereof;

(iii)

an opinion and negative assurance letter of Cooley LLP, counsel for the Underwriters, dated the Option Closing Date, relating to the Additional Shares to be purchased on such Option Closing Date and otherwise to the same effect as the opinion required by Section 5(d) hereof;

(iv)

a letter dated the Option Closing Date, in form and substance satisfactory to the Underwriters, from Marcum LLP, independent public accountants, substantially in the same form and substance as the letter furnished to the Underwriters pursuant to Section 5(f) hereof; provided that the letter delivered on the Option Closing Date shall use a “cut-off date” not earlier than three business days prior to such Option Closing Date;

21

(v)

an officer’s certificate regarding certain regulatory disclosures, dated the Option Closing Date, relating to the Additional Shares to be purchased on such Option Closing Date and otherwise to the same effect as the opinion required by Section 5(h) hereof;

(vi)

an opinion of Knobbe Martens Olson & Bear, LLP, intellectual property counsel for the Underwriters, dated the Option Closing Date, relating to the Additional Shares to be purchased on such Option Closing Date and otherwise to the same effect as the opinion required by Section 5(e) hereof; and

(vii)

such other documents as the Representatives may reasonably request with respect to the good standing of the Company, the due authorization and issuance of the Additional Shares to be sold on such Option Closing Date and other matters related to the issuance of such Additional Shares.

6.

Covenants of the Company. The Company covenants with each Underwriter as follows:

(a)

To furnish to the Representatives, without charge and upon written request, signed copies of the Registration Statement (including exhibits thereto and documents incorporated by reference) and for delivery to each other Underwriter a conformed copy of the Registration Statement (without exhibits thereto but including documents incorporated by reference) and to furnish to the Representatives in New York City, without charge, prior to 10:00 a.m. New York City time on the business day next succeeding the date of this Agreement and during the period mentioned in Section 6(e) or 6(f) below, as many copies of the Time of Sale Prospectus, the Prospectus, any documents incorporated by reference therein and any supplements and amendments thereto or to the Registration Statement as the Representatives may reasonably request.

(b)

Before amending or supplementing the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus or the Prospectus, to furnish to the Representatives a copy of each such proposed amendment or supplement and not to file any such proposed amendment or supplement to which the Representatives reasonably object in writing, and to file with the Commission within the applicable period specified in Rule 424(b) under the Securities Act any prospectus required to be filed pursuant to such Rule.

(c)

To furnish to the Representatives a copy of each proposed free writing prospectus to be prepared by or on behalf of, used by, or referred to by the Company and not to use or refer to any proposed free writing prospectus to which the Representatives reasonably object.

(d)

Not to take any action that would result in an Underwriter or the Company being required to file with the Commission pursuant to Rule 433(d)

22

under the Securities Act a free writing prospectus prepared by or on behalf of the Underwriter that the Underwriter otherwise would not have been required to file thereunder.

(e)

If the Time of Sale Prospectus is being used to solicit offers to buy the Shares at a time when the Prospectus is not yet available to prospective purchasers and any event shall occur or condition exist as a result of which it is necessary to amend or supplement the Time of Sale Prospectus in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading, or if any event shall occur or condition exist as a result of which the Time of Sale Prospectus conflicts with the information contained in the Registration Statement then on file, or if, in the opinion of counsel for the Underwriters, it is necessary to amend or supplement the Time of Sale Prospectus to comply with applicable law, forthwith to prepare, file with the Commission and furnish, at its own expense, to the Underwriters and to any dealer upon request, either amendments or supplements to the Time of Sale Prospectus so that the statements in the Time of Sale Prospectus as so amended or supplemented will not, in the light of the circumstances when the Time of Sale Prospectus is delivered to a prospective purchaser, be misleading or so that the Time of Sale Prospectus, as amended or supplemented, will no longer conflict with the Registration Statement, or so that the Time of Sale Prospectus, as amended or supplemented, will comply with applicable law.

(f)

If, during such period after the first date of the public offering of the Shares as in the reasonable opinion of counsel for the Underwriters the Prospectus (or in lieu thereof the notice referred to in Rule 173(a) of the Securities Act) is required by law to be delivered in connection with sales by an Underwriter or dealer, any event shall occur or condition exist as a result of which it is necessary to amend or supplement the Prospectus in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances when the Prospectus (or in lieu thereof the notice referred to in Rule 173(a) of the Securities Act) is delivered to a purchaser, not misleading, or if, in the opinion of counsel for the Underwriters, it is necessary to amend or supplement the Prospectus to comply with applicable law, forthwith to prepare, file with the Commission and furnish, at its own expense, to the Underwriters and to the dealers (whose names and addresses the Representatives will furnish to the Company) to which Shares may have been sold by the Representatives on behalf of the Underwriters and to any other dealers upon request, either amendments or supplements to the Prospectus so that the statements in the Prospectus as so amended or supplemented will not, in the light of the circumstances when the Prospectus (or in lieu thereof the notice referred to in Rule 173(a) of the Securities Act) is delivered to a purchaser, be misleading or so that the Prospectus, as amended or supplemented, will comply with applicable law.

(g)

To endeavor to qualify the Shares for offer and sale under the securities or Blue Sky laws of such jurisdictions as the Representatives shall reasonably request; provided, however, that nothing contained herein shall require

23

the Company to qualify to do business in any jurisdiction, to execute a general consent to service of process in any jurisdiction or subject itself to taxation in any jurisdiction in which it is not otherwise subject.

(h)

To make generally available (which may be satisfied by filing with the Commission on its Electronic Data Gathering, Analysis and Retrieval System) to the Company’s security holders and to the Representatives as soon as practicable an earnings statement covering a period of at least twelve months beginning with the first fiscal quarter of the Company occurring after the date of this Agreement (which need not be audited) which shall satisfy the provisions of Section 11(a) of the Securities Act and the rules and regulations of the Commission thereunder.

(i)

Whether or not the transactions contemplated in this Agreement are consummated or this Agreement is terminated, to pay or cause to be paid all expenses incident to the performance of its obligations under this Agreement, including: (i) the fees, disbursements and expenses of the Company’s counsel and accountants in connection with the registration of the Shares under the Securities Act and all other expenses in connection with the preparation, printing, reproduction and filing of the Registration Statement, any preliminary prospectus, the Time of Sale Prospectus, the Prospectus, any free writing prospectus prepared and amendments and supplements thereto and the mailing and delivering of copies thereof to the Underwriters and dealers; (ii) the cost of printing or producing any agreement among Underwriters, this Agreement, the Blue Sky survey, closing documents (including any compilations thereof) and any other documents in connection with the offering, purchase, sale and delivery of the Shares; (iii) all expenses in connection with the qualification of the Shares for offering and sale under state securities laws, including the documented fees and disbursements of counsel for the Underwriters in connection with such qualification and in connection with the Blue Sky survey; provided such fees and disbursements shall not exceed $5,000 in the aggregate; (iv) all fees and expenses in connection with listing the Shares on the Nasdaq; (v) the filing fees incident to, and the documented fees and disbursements of counsel for the Underwriters in connection with, any required review by FINRA of the terms of the sale of the Shares; provided such fees and disbursements shall not exceed $25,000 in the aggregate; (vi) the cost of preparing stock certificates, if applicable; (vii) the cost and charges of any transfer agent or registrar; (viii) the costs and expenses of the Company relating to investor presentations on any “road show” undertaken in connection with the marketing of the Shares, including without limitation, expenses associated with the production of road show slides and graphics, fees and expenses of any consultants engaged in connection with the road show presentations, travel and lodging expenses of the representatives and officers of the Company and any such consultants, and 50% of the cost of aircraft and other transportation chartered in connection with the road show; and (ix) all other costs and expenses incident to the performance of its obligations hereunder which are not otherwise specifically provided for in this Section 6(i). It is understood, however, that, except as provided in this Section, Section 8 entitled “Indemnity

24

and Contribution,” and the last paragraph of Section 10 below, the Underwriters will pay all of their own costs and expenses, including the fees of their counsel, transfer taxes on resale of any of the Shares by them, and any advertising expenses connected with any offers they may make.

(j)

If the third anniversary of the initial effective date of the Registration Statement occurs before all the Shares have been sold by the Underwriters, prior to the third anniversary to file a new shelf registration statement and to take any other action necessary to permit the public offering of the Shares to continue without interruption; references herein to the Registration Statement shall include the new registration statement declared effective by the Commission.

The Company also covenants with each Underwriter that, without the prior written consent of Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC and Leerink Partners LLC on behalf of the Underwriters, it will not, and will not publicly disclose an intention to, during the period ending 90 days after the date of the Prospectus (the “Restricted Period”), (i) offer, pledge, sell, contract to sell, sell any option or contract to purchase, purchase any option or contract to sell, grant any option, right or warrant to purchase, lend, or otherwise transfer or dispose of, directly or indirectly, any shares of Common Stock or any securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for Common Stock, make any short sale or otherwise transfer or dispose of, directly or indirectly, including any sales pursuant to the At-The-Market Equity Offering Sales Agreement entered into with Stifel, Nicolaus & Company, Incorporated, Truist Securities, Inc. and H.C. Wainwright & Co. LLC on July 28, 2021, as amended on July 26, 2023, or file or confidentially submit with the Commission a registration statement under the Securities Act relating to, any securities of the Company that are substantially similar to the Shares, including but not limited to any options or warrants to purchase shares of Common Stock or any securities that are convertible into or exchangeable for, or that represent the right to receive, Common Stock, or any such substantially similar securities, or publicly disclose the intention to make any offer, sale, pledge, disposition or filing or (ii) enter into any swap or other agreement that transfers, in whole or in part, any of the economic consequences of ownership of the Common Stock, or any such other securities, whether any such transaction described in clause (i) or (ii) above is to be settled by delivery of Common Stock or such other securities, in cash or otherwise (other than (A) the Shares to be sold to the Underwriters hereunder, (B) the issuance of options, restricted stock units, warrants or other equity awards to acquire shares of Common Stock granted pursuant to the Company Stock Plans that are described in the Prospectus, as such plans may be amended, (C) the issuance of shares of Common Stock upon the exercise or vesting of any such options, restricted stock units, warrants or other equity awards to acquire shares of Common Stock, (D) shares of Common Stock issued upon the exercise of outstanding warrants, (E) the filing of one or more Registration Statements on Form S-8 registering securities pursuant to the Company Stock Plans, (F) the issuance of any shares of Common Stock or any security convertible into or exercisable for shares of Common Stock issued by the Company in connection with a joint venture or other strategic commercial transaction not primarily intended to raise capital between the Company and an unaffiliated third party; and provided that, in the case of clause (F), the aggregate

25

number of shares of Common Stock that the Company may sell or issue or agree to sell or issue pursuant to clause (F) shall not exceed 5% of the total number of shares of Common Stock issued and outstanding immediately following the completion of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement), and provided, further, that any newly appointed director or executive officer that is appointed during the Restricted Period that is a recipient of shares of Common Stock or securities convertible into or exercisable for Common Stock pursuant to this clause (F) shall execute and deliver to the Representatives a lock-up agreement substantially in the form of Exhibit A hereto covering the remainder of the Restricted Period and (G) facilitating the establishment of a trading plan on behalf of a stockholder, officer or director of the Company pursuant to Rule 10b5-1 under the Exchange Act for the transfer of shares of Common Stock, provided that (i) such plan for any executive officer or director does not provide for the transfer of Common Stock during the Restricted Period and (ii) to the extent a public announcement or filing under the Exchange Act, if any, is required of the Company regarding the establishment of such plan, such required announcement or filing shall include a statement to the effect that no transfer of Common Stock may be made under such plan during the Restricted Period, and no other public announcement shall be made voluntarily).

7.

Covenants of the Underwriters. Each Underwriter, severally and not jointly, covenants with the Company not to take any action that would result in the Company being required to file with the Commission under Rule 433(d) of the Securities Act a free writing prospectus prepared by or on behalf of such Underwriter that otherwise would not be required to be filed by the Company thereunder, but for the action of the Underwriter.

8.

Indemnity and Contribution. (a) The Company agrees to indemnify and hold harmless each Underwriter, each person, if any, who controls any Underwriter within the meaning of either Section 15 of the Securities Act or Section 20 of the Exchange Act and each affiliate of any Underwriter within the meaning of Rule 405 under the Securities Act from and against any and all losses, claims, damages and liabilities (including, without limitation, any legal or other expenses reasonably incurred in connection with defending or investigating any such action or claim) that arise out of, or are based upon, any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained in the Registration Statement or any amendment thereof, any preliminary prospectus, the Time of Sale Prospectus or any amendment or supplement thereto, any issuer free writing prospectus as defined in Rule 433(h) under the Securities Act, any Company information that the Company has filed, or is required to file, pursuant to Rule 433(d) under the Securities Act, any road show as defined in Rule 433(h) under the Securities Act (a “road show”), or the Prospectus or any amendment or supplement thereto, or any Written Testing-the-Waters Communication, or arise out of, or are based upon, any omission or alleged omission to state therein, a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, except insofar as such losses, claims, damages or liabilities arise out of, or are based upon, any such untrue statement or omission or alleged untrue statement or omission made in reliance upon and in conformity with any information relating to any Underwriter furnished to the Company in writing by such Underwriter through the Representatives expressly for use

26

therein, it being understood and agreed that the only such information furnished by the Underwriters through the Representatives consists of the information described as such in paragraph (b) below. The Company agrees and confirms that references to “affiliates” of Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC that appear in this Agreement shall be understood to include Mitsubishi UFJ Morgan Stanley Securities Co., Ltd.

(b)

Each Underwriter agrees, severally and not jointly, to indemnify and hold harmless the Company, its directors, its officers who sign the Registration Statement and each person, if any, who controls the Company within the meaning of either Section 15 of the Securities Act or Section 20 of the Exchange Act to the same extent as the foregoing indemnity from the Company to such Underwriter, but only with reference to information relating to such Underwriter furnished to the Company in writing by such Underwriter through the Representatives expressly for use in the Registration Statement, any preliminary prospectus, the Time of Sale Prospectus, any issuer free writing prospectus, road show or the Prospectus or any amendment or supplement thereto; provided that the only such information furnished by any Underwriter consists of the following information in the Prospectus furnished on behalf of each Underwriter: the concession figure in the third paragraph and the information set forth in the thirteenth paragraph concerning stabilizing transactions, in each case under the caption “Underwriters.”

(c)

In case any proceeding (including any governmental investigation) shall be instituted involving any person in respect of which indemnity may be sought pursuant to Section 8(a) or 8(b), such person (the “indemnified party”) shall promptly notify the person against whom such indemnity may be sought (the “indemnifying party”) in writing and the indemnifying party, upon request of the indemnified party, shall retain counsel reasonably satisfactory to the indemnified party to represent the indemnified party and any others the indemnifying party may designate in such proceeding and shall pay the reasonably incurred and documented fees and disbursements of such counsel related to such proceeding. In any such proceeding, any indemnified party shall have the right to retain its own counsel, but the fees and expenses of such counsel shall be at the expense of such indemnified party unless (i) the indemnifying party and the indemnified party shall have mutually agreed in writing to the retention of such counsel or (ii) the named parties to any such proceeding (including any impleaded parties) include both the indemnifying party and the indemnified party and representation of both parties by the same counsel would be inappropriate due to actual or potential differing interests between them. It is understood that the indemnifying party shall not, in respect of the legal expenses of any indemnified party in connection with any proceeding or related proceedings in the same jurisdiction, be liable for the fees and expenses of more than one separate firm (in addition to any local counsel) for all such indemnified parties and that all such fees and expenses shall be reimbursed as they are incurred. Such firm shall be designated in writing by the Representatives, in the case of parties indemnified pursuant to Section 8(a), and by the Company, in the case of parties indemnified pursuant to Section 8(b). The indemnifying party shall not be liable for any settlement of any proceeding

27

effected without its written consent, but if settled with such consent or if there be a final judgment for the plaintiff, the indemnifying party agrees to indemnify the indemnified party from and against any loss or liability by reason of such settlement or judgment. Notwithstanding the foregoing sentence, if at any time an indemnified party shall have requested an indemnifying party to reimburse the indemnified party for fees and expenses of counsel reasonably incurred as contemplated by the second and third sentences of this paragraph, the indemnifying party agrees that it shall be liable for any settlement of any proceeding effected without its written consent if (i) such settlement is entered into more than 30 days after receipt by such indemnifying party of the aforesaid request and (ii) such indemnifying party shall not have reimbursed the indemnified party in accordance with such request prior to the date of such settlement. No indemnifying party shall, without the prior written consent of the indemnified party, effect any settlement of any pending or threatened proceeding in respect of which any indemnified party is or could have been a party and indemnity could have been sought hereunder by such indemnified party, unless such settlement includes an unconditional release of such indemnified party from all liability on claims that are the subject matter of such proceeding and does not include a statement as to or an admission of fault, culpability or a failure to act by or on behalf of any indemnified party.

(d)

To the extent the indemnification provided for in Section 8(a) or 8(b) is unavailable to an indemnified party or insufficient in respect of any losses, claims, damages or liabilities referred to therein, then each indemnifying party under such paragraph, in lieu of indemnifying such indemnified party thereunder, shall contribute to the amount paid or payable by such indemnified party as a result of such losses, claims, damages or liabilities (i) in such proportion as is appropriate to reflect the relative benefits received by the indemnifying party or parties on the one hand and the indemnified party or parties on the other hand from the offering of the Shares pursuant to this Agreement or (ii) if the allocation provided by clause 8(d)(i) above is not permitted by applicable law, in such proportion as is appropriate to reflect not only the relative benefits referred to in clause 8(d)(i) above but also the relative fault of the indemnifying party or parties on the one hand and of the indemnified party or parties on the other hand in connection with the statements or omissions that resulted in such losses, claims, damages or liabilities, as well as any other relevant equitable considerations. The relative benefits received by the indemnifying party or parties on the one hand and the indemnified party or parties on the other hand in connection with the offering of the Shares shall be deemed to be in the same respective proportions as the net proceeds from the offering of the Shares (before deducting expenses) received by the Company and the total underwriting discounts and commissions received by the Underwriters, in each case as set forth in the table on the cover of the Prospectus, bear to the aggregate Public Offering Price of the Shares. The relative fault of the indemnifying party or parties on the one hand and the indemnified party or parties on the other hand shall be determined by reference to, among other things, whether the untrue or alleged untrue statement of a material fact or the omission or alleged omission to state a material fact relates to

28

information supplied by the Company or by the Underwriters and the parties’ relative intent, knowledge, access to information and opportunity to correct or prevent such statement or omission. The Underwriters’ respective obligations to contribute pursuant to this Section 8 are several in proportion to the respective number of Shares they have purchased hereunder, and not joint.

(e)

The Company and the Underwriters agree that it would not be just or equitable if contribution pursuant to this Section 8 were determined by pro rata allocation (even if the Underwriters were treated as one entity for such purpose) or by any other method of allocation that does not take account of the equitable considerations referred to in Section 8(d). The amount paid or payable by an indemnified party as a result of the losses, claims, damages and liabilities referred to in Section 8(d) shall be deemed to include, subject to the limitations set forth above, any legal or other expenses reasonably incurred by such indemnified party in connection with investigating or defending any such action or claim. Notwithstanding the provisions of this Section 8, no Underwriter shall be required to contribute any amount in excess of the amount by which the total price at which the Shares underwritten by it and distributed to the public were offered to the public exceeds the amount of any damages that such Underwriter has otherwise been required to pay by reason of such untrue or alleged untrue statement or omission or alleged omission. No person guilty of fraudulent misrepresentation (within the meaning of Section 11(f) of the Securities Act) shall be entitled to contribution from any person who was not guilty of such fraudulent misrepresentation. The remedies provided for in this Section 8 are not exclusive and shall not limit any rights or remedies which may otherwise be available to any indemnified party at law or in equity.

(f)

The indemnity and contribution provisions contained in this Section 8 and the representations, warranties and other statements of the Company contained in this Agreement shall remain operative and in full force and effect regardless of (i) any termination of this Agreement, (ii) any investigation made by or on behalf of any Underwriter, any person controlling any Underwriter or any affiliate of any Underwriter or by or on behalf of the Company, its officers or directors or any person controlling the Company and (iii) acceptance of and payment for any of the Shares.

9.

Termination. The Underwriters may terminate this Agreement by notice given by the Representatives to the Company, if after the execution and delivery of this Agreement and prior to or on the Closing Date or any Option Closing Date, as the case may be, (i) trading generally shall have been suspended or materially limited on, or by, as the case may be, any of the New York Stock Exchange, the NYSE American, the Nasdaq
Global Market, the Nasdaq Capital Market, the Chicago Board of Options Exchange, the Chicago Mercantile Exchange or the Chicago Board of Trade or other relevant exchanges, (ii) trading of any securities of the Company shall have been suspended on any exchange or in any over‑the‑counter market, (iii) a material disruption in securities settlement, payment or clearance services in the United States or other relevant jurisdiction shall have occurred, (iv) any moratorium on commercial banking activities

29

shall have been declared by Federal or New York State authorities or (v) there shall have occurred any outbreak or escalation of hostilities, or any change in financial markets or any calamity or crisis that, in the judgment of the Representatives, is material and adverse and which, singly or together with any other event specified in this clause (v), makes it, in the judgment of the Representatives, impracticable or inadvisable to proceed with the offer, sale or delivery of the Shares on the terms and in the manner contemplated in the Time of Sale Prospectus or the Prospectus.

10.

Effectiveness; Defaulting Underwriters. This Agreement shall become effective upon the execution and delivery hereof by the parties hereto.

If, on the Closing Date or an Option Closing Date, as the case may be, any one or more of the Underwriters shall fail or refuse to purchase Shares that it has or they have agreed to purchase hereunder on such date, and the aggregate number of Shares which such defaulting Underwriter or Underwriters agreed but failed or refused to purchase is not more than one‑tenth of the aggregate number of the Shares to be purchased on such date, the other Underwriters shall be obligated severally in the proportions that the number of Firm Shares set forth opposite their respective names in Schedule I bears to the aggregate number of Firm Shares set forth opposite the names of all such non‑defaulting Underwriters, or in such other proportions as the Representatives may specify, to purchase the Shares which such defaulting Underwriter or Underwriters agreed but failed or refused to purchase on such date; provided that in no event shall the number of Shares that any Underwriter has agreed to purchase pursuant to this Agreement be increased pursuant to this Section 10 by an amount in excess of one‑ninth of such number of Shares without the written consent of such Underwriter. If, on the Closing Date, any Underwriter or Underwriters shall fail or refuse to purchase Firm Shares and the aggregate number of Firm Shares with respect to which such default occurs is more than one‑tenth of the aggregate number of Firm Shares to be purchased on such date, and arrangements satisfactory to the Representatives and the Company for the purchase of such Firm Shares are not made within 36 hours after such default, this Agreement shall terminate without liability on the part of any non‑defaulting Underwriter or the Company. In any such case either the Representatives or the Company shall have the right to postpone the Closing Date, but in no event for longer than seven days, in order that the required changes, if any, in the Registration Statement, in the Time of Sale Prospectus, in the Prospectus or in any other documents or arrangements may be effected. If, on an Option Closing Date, any Underwriter or Underwriters shall fail or refuse to purchase Additional Shares and the aggregate number of Additional Shares with respect to which such default occurs is more than one‑tenth of the aggregate number of Additional Shares to be purchased on such Option Closing Date, the non-defaulting Underwriters shall have the option to (i) terminate their obligation hereunder to purchase the Additional Shares to be sold on such Option Closing Date or (ii) purchase not less than the number of Additional Shares that such non-defaulting Underwriters would have been obligated to purchase in the absence of such default. Any action taken under this paragraph shall not relieve any defaulting Underwriter from liability in respect of any default of such Underwriter under this Agreement.

30

If this Agreement shall be terminated by the Underwriters, or any of them, because of any failure or refusal on the part of the Company to comply with the terms or to fulfill any of the conditions of this Agreement, or if for any reason the Company shall be unable to perform its obligations under this Agreement other than by reason of a default by the Underwriters, the Company will reimburse the Underwriters or such Underwriters as have so terminated this Agreement with respect to themselves, severally, for all out‑of‑pocket expenses (including the reasonably incurred fees and disbursements of their counsel) reasonably incurred by such Underwriters in connection with this Agreement or the offering contemplated hereunder.

11.

Entire Agreement. (a) This Agreement, together with any contemporaneous written agreements and any prior written agreements (to the extent not superseded by this Agreement) that relate to the offering of the Shares, represents the entire agreement between the Company and the Underwriters with respect to the preparation of any preliminary prospectus, the Time of Sale Prospectus, the Prospectus, the conduct of the offering, and the purchase and sale of the Shares.

(b)

The Company acknowledges that in connection with the offering of the Shares: (i) the Underwriters have acted at arm’s length, are not agents of, and owe no fiduciary duties to, the Company or any other person, (ii) the Underwriters owe the Company only those duties and obligations set forth in this Agreement, any contemporaneous written agreements and prior written agreements (to the extent not superseded by this Agreement), if any, (iii) the Underwriters may have interests that differ from those of the Company and (iv) none of the activities of the Underwriters in connection with the transactions contemplated herein constitutes a recommendation, investment advice, or solicitation of any action by the Underwriters with respect to any entity or natural person. The Company waives to the full extent permitted by applicable law any claims it may have against the Underwriters arising from an alleged breach of fiduciary duty in connection with the offering of the Shares.

12.

Recognition of the U.S. Special Resolution Regimes. (a) In the event that any Underwriter that is a Covered Entity becomes subject to a proceeding under a U.S. Special Resolution Regime, the transfer from such Underwriter of this Agreement, and any interest and obligation in or under this Agreement, will be effective to the same extent as the transfer would be effective under the U.S. Special Resolution Regime if this Agreement, and any such interest and obligation, were governed by the laws of the United States or a state of the United States.

(b)

In the event that any Underwriter that is a Covered Entity or a BHC Act Affiliate of such Underwriter becomes subject to a proceeding under a U.S. Special Resolution Regime, Default Rights under this Agreement that may be exercised against such Underwriter are permitted to be exercised to no greater extent than such Default Rights could be exercised under the U.S. Special Resolution Regime if this Agreement were governed by the laws of the United States or a state of the United States.

31

For purposes of this Section a “BHC Act Affiliate” has the meaning assigned to the term “affiliate” in, and shall be interpreted in accordance with, 12 U.S.C. § 1841(k). “Covered Entity” means any of the following: (i) a “covered entity” as that term is defined in, and interpreted in accordance with, 12 C.F.R. § 252.82(b); (ii) a “covered bank” as that term is defined in, and interpreted in accordance with, 12 C.F.R. § 47.3(b); or (iii) a “covered FSI” as that term is defined in, and interpreted in accordance with, 12 C.F.R. § 382.2(b). “Default Right” has the meaning assigned to that term in, and shall be interpreted in accordance with, 12 C.F.R. §§ 252.81, 47.2 or 382.1, as applicable. “U.S. Special Resolution Regime” means each of (i) the Federal Deposit Insurance Act and the regulations promulgated thereunder and (ii) Title II of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act and the regulations promulgated thereunder.

13.

Counterparts. This Agreement may be signed in two or more counterparts, each of which shall be an original, with the same effect as if the signatures thereto and hereto were upon the same instrument. Counterparts may be delivered via facsimile, electronic mail (including any electronic signature complying with the U.S. federal ESIGN Act of 2000, Uniform Electronic Transactions Act or other applicable law, e.g., www. Docusign.com) or other transmission method any counterpart so delivered shall be deemed to have been duly and validly delivered and be valid and effective for all purposes.

14.

Applicable Law. This Agreement, any claim, controversy or disputes arising under or related to this Agreement and any transaction contemplated by this Agreement shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the internal laws of the State of New York.

15.

Headings. The headings of the sections of this Agreement have been inserted for convenience of reference only and shall not be deemed a part of this Agreement.

16.

Notices. All communications hereunder shall be in writing and effective only upon receipt and if to the Underwriters shall be delivered, mailed or sent to the Representatives in care of Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC, 1585 Broadway, New York, New York 10036, Attention: Equity Syndicate Desk, with a copy to the Legal Department; and in care of Leerink Partners LLC, Attention: Stuart Nayman, Esq., 1301 Avenue of the Americas, 12th Floor, New York, New York 10019; and if to the Company shall be delivered or sent by mail, facsimile transmission to the address of the Company set forth on the cover of the Registration Statement, Attention: Chief Financial Officer, email: gzante@vikingtherapeutics.com (with copies to those parties specified thereon).

[Signature page follows]

32

Very truly yours,

VIKING THERAPEUTICS, INC.

By: /s/ Brian Lian Ph.D.

Name: Brian Lian, Ph.D.

Title: President and Chief Executive Officer

Accepted as of the date hereof

Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC

Leerink Partners LLC

Acting severally on behalf of themselves and

the several Underwriters named in

Schedule I hereto.

Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC

By: /s/ Chris Rigoli

Name: Chris Rigoli

Title: Executive Director

Leerink Partners LLC

By: /s/ Murphy Gallagher

Name: Murphy Gallagher

Title: Senior Managing Director

[Signature Page to Underwriting Agreement]

33

SCHEDULE I

Underwriter	Number of Firm Shares To Be Purchased
Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC	1,666,283
Leerink Partners LLC	1,019,183
William Blair & Company, L.L.C.	808,875
Raymond James & Associates, Inc.	647,100
Stifel, Nicolaus & Company, Incorporated	647,100
Truist Securities, Inc.	647,100
Oppenheimer & Co. Inc.	404,437
BTIG, LLC	210,308
H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC	210,308
Maxim Group LLC	113,242
Laidlaw & Company (U.K.) Ltd.	97,064
Total:	6,471,000

I-1

SCHEDULE II

Time of Sale Prospectus

1. Preliminary Prospectus dated February 27, 2024

2. Schedule of other information included in the Time of Sale Prospectus:

Issuer: Viking Therapeutics, Inc.

Exchange Listing: VKTX / Nasdaq

Size: $550,035,000

Base Shares Offered: 6,471,000

Option to Purchase Additional Shares: 970,650

Price to Public (per share): $85.00

Trade Date: February 28, 2024

Closing Date: March 4, 2024

Underwriters: Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC
Leerink Partners LLC
William Blair & Company, L.L.C.
Raymond James & Associates, Inc.

Stifel, Nicolaus & Company, Incorporated

Truist Securities, Inc.

Oppenheimer & Co. Inc.

BTIG, LLC

H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC

Maxim Group LLC

Laidlaw & Company (U.K.) Ltd.

II-1

EXHIBIT A

FORM OF LOCK-UP AGREEMENT

_____________, 2024

Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC

Leerink Partners LLC

c/o Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC
1585 Broadway
New York, NY 10036

c/o Leerink Partners LLC

255 California Street, 12th Floor

San Francisco, California 94111

Ladies and Gentlemen:

The undersigned understands that Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC and Leerink Partners LLC (collectively, the “Representatives”), propose to enter into an Underwriting Agreement (the “Underwriting Agreement”) with Viking Therapeutics, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), providing for the public offering (the “Public Offering”) by the several Underwriters, including the Representatives (the “Underwriters”), of shares (the “Shares”) of the common stock, $0.00001 par value per share, of the Company (the “Common Stock”).

To induce the Underwriters that may participate in the Public Offering to continue their efforts in connection with the Public Offering, the undersigned hereby agrees that, without the prior written consent of Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC and Leerink Partners LLC on behalf of the Underwriters, the undersigned will not, and will not publicly disclose an intention to, during the period commencing on the date hereof and ending 90 days after the date of the final prospectus supplement (the “Restricted Period”) relating to the Public Offering , (1) offer, pledge, sell, contract to sell, sell any option or contract to purchase, purchase any option or contract to sell, grant any option, right or warrant to purchase, lend, or otherwise transfer or dispose of, directly or indirectly, any shares of Common Stock beneficially owned (as such term is used in Rule 13d-3 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)), by the undersigned or any other securities so owned convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for Common Stock (the “Lock-Up Securities”) or (2) enter into any swap or other arrangement that transfers to another, in whole or in part, any of the economic consequences of ownership of the Common Stock, whether any such transaction described in clause (1) or (2) above is to be settled by delivery

1

of Common Stock or such other securities, in cash or otherwise. The undersigned acknowledges and agrees that the foregoing precludes the undersigned from engaging in any hedging or other transactions designed or intended, or which could reasonably be expected to lead to or result in, a sale or disposition of any shares of Common Stock, or securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for Common Stock, even if any such sale or disposition transaction or transactions would be made or executed by or on behalf of someone other than the undersigned.

The foregoing paragraph shall not apply to:

(1) any grant or exercise by the undersigned of any option, restricted stock unit award, warrant or other right to acquire any shares of Common Stock or options to purchase shares of Common Stock or any security convertible into or exercisable for shares of Common Stock in accordance with their terms, pursuant to any stock option, stock bonus, equity incentive or other stock plan or arrangement; provided that the underlying shares shall continue to be subject to the restrictions on transfer set forth in this agreement, and provided further that any filing under Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act with regard to this clause (1) shall clearly indicate in the footnotes thereto that the filing relates to the circumstances described in this clause (1) and no public filing, report or announcement shall be voluntarily made;

(2) any transfer of Lock-Up Securities for bona fide financial and estate planning purposes, including, but not limited to, transfers to the “immediate family” of the undersigned or to any trust, partnership, limited liability company or other legal entity commonly used for estate planning purposes, for the direct or indirect benefit of the undersigned or the “immediate family” of the undersigned;

(3) if the undersigned is a trust, to the beneficiary of such trust;

(4) any bona fide gift;

(5) any transfer of Lock-Up Securities by will or intestate succession;

(6) any distribution or other transfer by a partnership to its partners or former partners or by a limited liability company to its members or retired members or by a corporation to its stockholders or former stockholders or to any wholly-owned subsidiary of such corporation;

(7) transfers or dispositions of shares of Common Stock to any corporation, partnership, limited liability company or other entity all of the beneficial ownership interests which are held by the undersigned and/or the immediate family of the undersigned;

(8) any transfer in connection with a sale, merger or transfer of all or substantially all of the assets of the undersigned or any other change of control of the undersigned, not undertaken for the purpose of avoiding the restrictions imposed by this agreement;

2

provided that in the event that such transaction is not completed, the Lock-Up Securities shall remain subject to the restrictions set forth herein;

(9) any transfer to the undersigned’s affiliates (as defined in Rule 405 promulgated under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended) or to any investment fund or other entity controlled or managed by the undersigned;

(10) any transfer by operation of law, such as pursuant to a qualified domestic relations order or in connection with a divorce settlement;

(11) any shares of Common Stock or other securities of the Company acquired in open market transactions after completion of the Public Offering; provided that, no filing by any party under the Exchange Act or other public announcement shall be required or shall be voluntarily made in connection with such transfer;

(12) any transfer of Lock-Up Securities pursuant to a bona fide third-party tender offer, merger, consolidation, liquidation or other similar transaction made to all holders of the Company’s capital stock involving a change of control of the Company; provided that (i) the per-share consideration for the Lock-Up Securities transferred as described above shall be greater than the public offering price per share in the Public Offering, (ii) all Lock-Up Securities subject to this agreement that are not so transferred, sold, tendered or otherwise disposed of remain subject to this agreement and (iii) it shall be a condition of transfer, sale, tender or other disposition that if such tender offer, merger, consolidation or other such transaction is not completed, the undersigned’s Lock-Up Securities shall remain subject to the restrictions herein;

(13) any transfer of Lock-Up Securities to the Company as forfeitures or other transfers, sales or dispositions to satisfy tax withholding obligations of the undersigned in connection with the vesting or exercise of equity awards or similar rights to purchase Common Stock or any securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for Common Stock pursuant to the Company’s equity incentive plans or outstanding warrants; provided that any Lock-Up Securities acquired in connection with such vesting or exercise of equity awards or warrants described in this clause (13) shall be subject to the restrictions set forth in this agreement;

(14) any transfer of Lock-Up Securities to the Company pursuant to an exercise, including a net exercise or cashless exercise, by the undersigned of outstanding equity awards pursuant to the Company’s equity incentive plans or outstanding warrants; provided that any Lock-Up Securities acquired upon the net exercise or cashless exercise of equity awards described in this clause (14) shall be subject to the restrictions set forth in this lock-up agreement;

(15) in connection with sales of the undersigned’s Shares made pursuant to a 10b5-1 trading plan (“10b5-1 trading plan”) that is designed to comply with Rule 10b5-1 under the Exchange Act (as such rule was in effect at the time any such trading plan was adopted) that has been entered into by the undersigned prior to the date of this agreement and

3

provided to the Representatives and their counsel, provided that to the extent a public announcement or filing under the Exchange Act, if any, is required of the undersigned or the Company regarding any such sales, such announcement or filing shall include a statement to the effect that any sales were effected pursuant to such 10b5-1 trading plan and no other public announcement shall be made voluntarily in connection with such sales; or

(16) any transfer in connection with the repurchase of the Lock-Up Securities or other securities by the Company pursuant to agreements providing for the right of said repurchase in connection with the termination of the undersigned’s employment or consulting service with the Company;

provided that in the case of any transfer, gift or other disposition pursuant to (2), (3), (4), (5), (6), (7), (8), (9) or (10), the transferee, trust, donee or other recipient agrees to be bound in writing by the terms of this agreement prior to such transfer and no filing by any party (donor, donee, transferor or transferee) under the Exchange Act shall be required or shall be voluntarily made in connection with such transfer (other than required filings under Section 16(a) and Section 13(d) or 13(g) of the Exchange Act, and any filings made after the expiration of the Restricted Period); and provided further that in the case of (13) or (14), any report filed by the undersigned in connection with such transactions under Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act shall include a statement in such report to the effect that the purpose of such transfer was either (A) to cover tax withholding obligations of the undersigned in connection with such vesting or exercise, or (B) in connection with a cashless or net exercise of equity awards.

Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, nothing herein shall prevent the undersigned from establishing a 10b5-1 trading plan or from amending an existing 10b5-1 trading plan so long as there are no sales of Lock-Up Securities under such new plan or amended plan during the Restricted Period.

For purposes of this agreement, “immediate family” shall mean any relationship by blood, marriage, domestic partnership or adoption, not more remote than first cousin. For purposes of this agreement, “affiliate” shall have the meaning set forth in Rule 405 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, including without limitation any general partner, limited partner, managing member, manager, member, employee, officer, director or trustee of such entity or natural person, or any trust for the benefit of any of the foregoing or any affiliate of the foregoing, or any investment fund or other entity controlled or managed by the foregoing or affiliates of the foregoing and “change of control” shall mean the transfer (whether by tender offer, merger, consolidation or other similar transaction), in one transactions or a series of related transactions, to a person or group of affiliated persons (other than an Underwriter pursuant to the Public Offering), of the Company’s voting securities if, after such transfer, such person or group of affiliated persons would hold at least 50% of the outstanding voting securities of the Company (or the surviving entity), provided that, for the avoidance of doubt, the Public Offering shall not constitute a change of control.

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In addition, the undersigned agrees that, without the prior written consent of Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC and Leerink Partners LLC on behalf of the Underwriters, it will not, and will not publicly disclose an intention to, during the Restricted Period, make any demand for or exercise any right with respect to, the registration of any shares of Common Stock or any security convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for Common Stock. The undersigned also agrees and consents to the entry of stop transfer instructions with the Company’s transfer agent and registrar against the transfer of the undersigned’s shares of Common Stock except in compliance with the foregoing restrictions.

The undersigned understands that the Company and the Underwriters are relying upon this agreement in proceeding toward consummation of the Public Offering. The undersigned further understands that this agreement is irrevocable and shall be binding upon the undersigned’s heirs, legal representatives, successors and assigns. This agreement may be delivered via facsimile, electronic mail (including pdf or any electronic signature complying with the U.S. federal ESIGN Act of 2000, e.g., www.docusign.com or www.echosign.com) or other transmission method and any counterpart so delivered shall be deemed to have been duly and validly delivered and be valid and effective for all purposes.

The undersigned acknowledges and agrees that the Underwriters have not provided any recommendation or investment advice nor have the Underwriters solicited any action from the undersigned with respect to the Public Offering of the Shares and the undersigned has consulted their own legal, accounting, financial, regulatory and tax advisors to the extent deemed appropriate. The undersigned further acknowledges and agrees that, although the Underwriters may provide certain Regulation Best Interest and Form CRS disclosures or other related documentation to you in connection with the Public Offering, the Underwriters are not making a recommendation to you to participate in the Public Offering or sell any Shares at the price determined in the Public Offering, and nothing set forth in such disclosures or documentation is intended to suggest that any Underwriter is making such a recommendation. The undersigned further acknowledges and agrees that none of the Underwriters has made any recommendation or provided any investment or other advice to the undersigned with respect to this agreement or the subject matter hereof, and the undersigned has consulted its own legal, accounting, financial, regulatory, tax and other advisors with respect to this agreement and the subject matter hereof to the extent the undersigned has deemed appropriate.

Whether or not the Public Offering actually occurs depends on a number of factors, including market conditions. Any Public Offering will only be made pursuant to an Underwriting Agreement, the terms of which are subject to negotiation between the Company and the Underwriters.

This agreement shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of New York.

It is understood that, this agreement shall automatically terminate, and the undersigned shall be released from its obligations hereunder, upon the earliest to occur, if

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any, of (i) prior to the execution of the Underwriting Agreement, the Company advises the Representatives in writing that it has determined not to proceed with the Public Offering, (ii) prior to the execution of the Underwriting Agreement, the Representatives advise the Company in writing that they have determined not to proceed with the Public Offering, (iii) the Underwriting Agreement (other than the provisions thereof that survive termination) is executed but is terminated prior to payment for and delivery of the Shares, or (iv) March 15, 2024, in the event that the Underwriting Agreement has not been executed by such date.

[Signature page follows]

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Very truly yours,

____________________________________

Name of Securityholder (Print exact name)

By:_________________________________

Signature

If not signing in an individual capacity:

____________________________________

Name of Authorized Signatory (Print)

____________________________________

Title of Authorized Signatory (Print)

(indicate capacity of person signing if signing as custodian, trustee, or on behalf of an entity)