LOANS | NOTE 5: LOANS Major classifications of loans are as follows: December 31, December 31, (In thousands) 2020 2019 Residential mortgage loans: 1-4 family first-lien residential mortgages $ 227,185 $ 209,559 Construction 6,681 3,963 Loans held-for-sale (1) 1,526 35,790 Total residential mortgage loans 235,392 249,312 Commercial loans: Real estate 286,271 254,257 Lines of credit 49,103 58,617 Other commercial and industrial 78,629 82,092 Paycheck Protection Program loans 60,643 - Tax exempt loans 7,166 8,067 Total commercial loans 481,812 403,033 Consumer loans: Home equity and junior liens 38,624 46,389 Other consumer 70,905 82,607 Total consumer loans 109,529 128,996 Total loans 826,733 781,341 Net deferred loan (fees) costs (1,238 ) 110 Less allowance for loan losses (12,777 ) (8,669 ) Loans receivable, net $ 812,718 $ 772,782 (1) Based on ASC 948, Mortgage Banking, loans shall be classified as held-for-sale once a decision has been made to sell the loans and shall be transferred to the held-for-sale category at lower of cost or fair value. At December 31, 2020, the loans under contract to be sold had a principal balance of $1.5 million. These loans were transferred at their amortized cost of $1.5 million as of December 31, 2020, as the fair value of these loans was greater than the amortized cost. At December 31, 2019, the loans under contract to be sold had a principal balance of $35.8 million. These loans were transferred at their amortized cost of $35.9 million as of December 31, 2019, as the fair value of these loans was greater than the amortized cost. Although the Bank may sometimes purchase or fund loan participation interests outside of its primary market areas, the Bank generally originates residential mortgage, commercial, and consumer loans largely to customers throughout Oswego and Onondaga counties. Although the Bank has a diversified loan portfolio, a substantial portion of its borrowers’ abilities to honor their loan contracts is dependent upon the counties’ employment and economic conditions. As part of the Company’s overall balance sheet management strategies and the management’s ongoing efforts to profitably deploy its increased capital position following the equity sales transactions completed in May 2019, the Bank acquired eleven diverse pools of loans, originated by unrelated third parties, in six separate transactions during 2019 and two separate transactions during 2020. The purchase of participations in loans that are originated by third parties only occurs after the completion of thorough pre-acquisition due diligence. Loans in which the Company acquires a participating interest are determined to meet, in all material respects, the Company’s internal underwriting policies, including credit and collateral suitability thresholds, prior to acquisition. In addition, the financial condition of the originating entity, which are generally retained as the ongoing loan servicing provider for participations acquired by the Bank, are analyzed prior to the acquisition of the participating interests and monitored on a regular basis thereafter for the life of those interests. December 31, December 31, (In thousands, except number of loans) 2020 2019 Purchased residential real estate loans Original Balance $ 4,300 $ 2,100 Current Balance 4,300 2,100 Unamortized Premium 273 135 Percent Owned 100 % 100 % Number of Loans 51 25 Maturity range 17-25 years 22-24 years Cumulative net charge-offs - - Purchased other commercial and industrial loans Original Balance 6,800 6,800 Current Balance 5,500 6,600 Unamortized Premium - - Percent Owned 100 % 100 % Number of Loans 39 43 Maturity range 5-9 years 6-10 years Cumulative net charge-offs - - Purchased home equity lines of credit: Original Balance 21,900 21,900 Current Balance 13,900 20,100 Unamortized Premium 309 390 Percent Owned 100 % 100 % Number of Loans 275 376 Maturity range 3-29 years 4-30 years Cumulative net charge-offs - - Purchased automobile loans: Original Balance 50,400 50,400 Current Balance 17,000 27,200 Unamortized Premium 602 930 Percent Owned 90 % 90 % Number of Loans 1,257 1,657 Maturity range 0-6 years 0-6 years Cumulative net charge-offs 230 196 Purchased unsecured consumer loan pool 1: Original Balance 5,400 5,400 Current Balance 3,600 5,000 Unamortized Premium - - Percent Owned 100 % 100 % Number of Loans 76 87 Maturity range 3-6 years 4-7 years Cumulative net charge-offs - - Purchased unsecured consumer loan pool 2: Original Balance 26,600 26,600 Current Balance 15,400 25,800 Unamortized Premium 63 114 Percent Owned 59 % 59 % Number of Loans 2,246 2,768 Maturity range 2-4 years 3-5 years Cumulative net charge-offs - - Purchased unsecured consumer loan pool 3: Original Balance 10,300 10,300 Current Balance 5,500 10,300 Unamortized Premium 138 245 Percent Owned 100 % 100 % Number of Loans 2,958 4,259 Maturity range 0-6 years 0-7 years Cumulative net charge-offs - - Purchased unsecured consumer loan pool 4: Original Balance 14,500 - Current Balance 14,500 - Unamortized Discount 2,124 - Percent Owned 68 % - Number of Loans 619 - Maturity range 25 years - Cumulative net charge-offs - - As of December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, residential mortgage loans with a carrying value of $115.6 million and Loan Origination / Risk Management The Company has lending policies and procedures in place that are designed to maximize loan income within an acceptable level of risk. Management and the board of directors reviews and approves these policies and procedures on a regular basis. A reporting system supplements the review process by frequently providing management with reports related to loan production, loan quality, loan delinquencies, nonperforming and potential problem loans. Diversification in the loan portfolio is also a means of managing risk associated with fluctuations in economic conditions. Homogenous pools of purchased loans are subject to substantial prepurchase analyses led by a team of the Bank’s senior executives and credit analysts. In each case, the Bank’s analytical processes consider the types of loans being evaluated, the underwriting criteria employed by the originating entity, the historical performance of such loans, especially in the most recent deeply recessionary environments, the collateral enhancements and other credit loss mitigation factors offered by the seller and the capabilities and financial stability of the servicing entities involved. From a credit risk perspective, these loan pools also benefit from broad diversification, including wide geographic dispersion, the readily-verifiable historical performance of similar loans issued by the originators, as well as the overall experience and skill of the underwriters and servicing entities involved as counterparties to the Bank in these transactions. The performance of all purchased loan pools are monitored regularly from detailed reports and remittance reconciliations provided at least monthly by the servicing entities. Risk Characteristics of Portfolio Segments Each portfolio segment generally carries its own unique risk characteristics. The residential mortgage loan segment is impacted by general economic conditions, unemployment rates in the Bank’s service area, real estate values and the forward expectation of improvement or deterioration in economic conditions. First and second lien residential mortgages, acquired via purchase are impacted by general economic conditions, unemployment rates in the general areas in which the loan collateral is located, real estate values in those areas and the forward expectation of improvement or deterioration in economic conditions. The commercial loan segment is impacted by general economic conditions but, more specifically, the industry segment in which each borrower participates. Unique competitive changes within a borrower’s specific industry, or geographic location could cause significant changes in the borrower’s revenue stream, and therefore, impact its ability to repay its obligations. Commercial real estate is also subject to general economic conditions but changes within this segment typically lag changes seen within the consumer and commercial segment. Included within this portfolio are both owner occupied real estate, in which the borrower occupies the majority of the real estate property and upon which the majority of the sources of repayment of the obligation is dependent upon, and non-owner occupied real estate, in which several tenants comprise the repayment source for this portfolio segment. The composition and competitive position of the tenant structure may cause adverse changes in the repayment of debt obligations for the non-owner occupied class within this segment. The consumer loan segment is impacted by general economic conditions, unemployment rates in the geographic areas in which borrowers and loan collateral are located, and the forward expectation of improvement or deterioration in economic conditions. Real estate loans, including residential mortgages, commercial real estate loans and home equity, comprise 68% of the portfolio in 2020, similar to the composition in 2019, where such loans represented 70% of total loans. Loans secured by real estate generally provide strong collateral protection and thus significantly reduce the inherent credit risk in the portfolio. Management has reviewed its loan portfolio and determined that, to the best of its knowledge, little or no exposure exists to sub-prime or other high-risk residential mortgages. The Company is not in the practice of originating these types of loans. Description of Credit Quality Indicators The Company utilizes an eight tier risk rating system to evaluate the quality of its loan portfolio. Loans that are risk rated “1” through “4” are considered “Pass” loans. In accordance with regulatory guidelines, loans rated “5” through “8” are termed “criticized” loans and loans rated “6” through “8” are termed “classified” loans. A description of the Company’s credit quality indicators follows. For Commercial Loans: 1. Prime 2. Strong 3. Satisfactory 4. Satisfactory Watch: 5. Special Mention 6. Substandard 7. Doubtful 8. Loss For Residential Mortgage and Consumer Loans: Residential mortgage and consumer loans are assigned a “Pass” rating unless the loan has demonstrated signs of weakness as indicated by the ratings below. 5. Special Mention 6. Substandard 7. Doubtful The risk ratings for classified loans are evaluated at least quarterly for commercial loans or when credit deficiencies arise, such as delinquent loan payments, for commercial, residential mortgage or consumer loans. See further discussion of risk ratings in Note 1. The following table presents the segments and classes of the loan portfolio summarized by the aggregate pass rating and the criticized and classified ratings of special mention, substandard and doubtful within the Company's internal risk rating system: As of December 31, 2020 Special (In thousands) Pass Mention Substandard Doubtful Total Residential mortgage loans: 1-4 family first-lien residential mortgages $ 222,386 $ 1,151 $ 3,196 $ 452 $ 227,185 Construction 6,681 - - - 6,681 Loans held-for-sale 1,526 - - - 1,526 Total residential mortgage loans 230,593 1,151 3,196 452 235,392 Commercial loans: Real estate 267,736 9,541 8,615 379 286,271 Lines of credit 40,733 5,132 3,154 84 49,103 Other commercial and industrial 65,441 4,770 8,153 265 78,629 Paycheck Protection Program loans 60,643 - - - 60,643 Tax exempt loans 7,166 - - - 7,166 Total commercial loans 441,719 19,443 19,922 728 481,812 Consumer loans: Home equity and junior liens 37,926 54 411 233 38,624 Other consumer 70,502 104 218 81 70,905 Total consumer loans 108,428 158 629 314 109,529 Total loans $ 780,740 $ 20,752 $ 23,747 $ 1,494 $ 826,733 As of December 31, 2019 Special (In thousands) Pass Mention Substandard Doubtful Total Residential mortgage loans: 1-4 family first-lien residential mortgages $ 205,554 $ 1,093 $ 1,731 $ 1,181 $ 209,559 Construction 3,963 - - - 3,963 Loans held-for-sale 35,790 - - - 35,790 Total residential mortgage loans 245,307 1,093 1,731 1,181 249,312 Commercial loans: Real estate 238,288 12,473 3,194 302 254,257 Lines of credit 50,396 7,945 276 - 58,617 Other commercial and industrial 72,653 8,473 923 43 82,092 Tax exempt loans 8,067 - - - 8,067 Total commercial loans 369,404 28,891 4,393 345 403,033 Consumer loans: Home equity and junior liens 45,414 191 477 307 46,389 Other consumer 82,252 167 188 - 82,607 Total consumer loans 127,666 358 665 307 128,996 Total loans $ 742,377 $ 30,342 $ 6,789 $ 1,833 $ 781,341 Nonaccrual and Past Due Loans Loans are placed on nonaccrual when the contractual payment of principal and interest has become 90 days past due or management has serious doubts about further collectability of principal or interest, even though the loan may be performing. Loans are considered past due if the required principal and interest payments have not been received within thirty days of the payment due date. An age analysis of past due loans, not including net deferred loan costs, segregated by portfolio segment and class of loans, for the years ended December 31, are detailed in the following tables: As of December 31, 2020 30-59 Days 60-89 Days 90 Days Past Due Past Due and Total Total Loans (In thousands) and Accruing and Accruing Over Past Due Current Receivable Residential mortgage loans: 1-4 family first-lien residential mortgages $ 1,250 $ 570 $ 1,098 $ 2,918 $ 224,267 $ 227,185 Construction - - - - 6,681 6,681 Loans held-for-sale - - - - 1,526 1,526 Total residential mortgage loans 1,250 570 1,098 2,918 232,474 235,392 Commercial loans: Real estate 480 913 2,511 3,904 282,367 286,271 Lines of credit 734 1,870 194 2,798 46,305 49,103 Other commercial and industrial 441 1,717 1,691 3,849 74,780 78,629 Paycheck Protection Program loans 170 - - 170 60,473 60,643 Tax exempt loans - - - - 7,166 7,166 Total commercial loans 1,825 4,500 4,396 10,721 471,091 481,812 Consumer loans: Home equity and junior liens 248 78 473 799 37,825 38,624 Other consumer 443 252 187 882 70,023 70,905 Total consumer loans 691 330 660 1,681 107,848 109,529 Total loans $ 3,766 $ 5,400 $ 6,154 $ 15,320 $ 811,413 $ 826,733 As of December 31, 2019 30-59 Days 60-89 Days 90 Days Past Due Past Due and Total Total Loans (In thousands) and Accruing and Accruing Over Past Due Current Receivable Residential mortgage loans: 1-4 family first-lien residential mortgages $ 947 $ 744 $ 1,613 $ 3,304 $ 206,255 $ 209,559 Construction - - - - 3,963 3,963 Loans held-for-sale - - - - 35,790 35,790 Total residential mortgage loans 947 744 1,613 3,304 246,008 249,312 Commercial loans: Real estate 953 100 2,271 3,324 250,933 254,257 Lines of credit 4,464 25 68 4,557 54,060 58,617 Other commercial and industrial 2,747 315 591 3,653 78,439 82,092 Tax exempt loans - - - - 8,067 8,067 Total commercial loans 8,164 440 2,930 11,534 391,499 403,033 Consumer loans: Home equity and junior liens 315 130 480 925 45,464 46,389 Other consumer 335 50 151 536 82,071 82,607 Total consumer loans 650 180 631 1,461 127,535 128,996 Total loans $ 9,761 $ 1,364 $ 5,174 $ 16,299 $ 765,042 $ 781,341 Year-end nonaccrual loans, segregated by class of loan, were as follows: December 31, December 31, (In thousands) 2020 2019 Residential mortgage loans: 1-4 family first-lien residential mortgages $ 2,608 $ 1,613 Total residential mortgage loans 2,608 1,613 Commercial loans: Real estate 11,286 2,343 Lines of credit 194 68 Other commercial and industrial 6,498 591 Total commercial loans 17,978 3,002 Consumer loans: Home equity and junior liens 473 480 Other consumer 274 151 Total consumer loans 747 631 Total nonaccrual loans $ 21,333 $ 5,246 There were no loans past due ninety days or more and still accruing interest at December 31, 2020 or 2019. The Company is required to disclose certain activities related to Troubled Debt Restructurings (“TDR”) in accordance with accounting guidance. Certain loans have been modified in a TDR where economic concessions have been granted to a borrower who is experiencing, or expected to experience, financial difficulties. These economic concessions could include a reduction in the loan interest rate, extension of payment terms, reduction of principal amortization, or other actions that it would not otherwise consider for a new loan with similar risk characteristics. The Company is required to disclose new TDRs for each reporting period for which an income statement is being presented. Pre-modification outstanding recorded investment is the principal loan balance less the provision for loan losses before the loan was modified as a TDR. Post-modification outstanding recorded investment is the principal balance less the provision for loan losses after the loan was modified as a TDR. Additional provision for loan losses is the change in the allowance for loan losses between the pre-modification outstanding recorded investment and post-modification outstanding recorded investment. The table below details loans that had been modified as TDRs for the year ended December 31, 2020. For the year ended December 31, 2020 (In thousands) Number of loans Pre-modification outstanding recorded investment Post-modification outstanding recorded investment Additional provision for loan losses Commercial real estate loans 1 $ 1,234 $ 1,234 $ - Commercial and industrial loans 2 397 427 129 The TDR's evaluated for impairment for the year ended December 31, 2020 have been classified as TDRs due to economic concessions granted, which include reductions in the stated interest rates or an extended maturity date that will result in a delay in payment from the original contractual maturity. The table below details loans that have been modified as TDRs for the year ended December 31, 2019. For the year ended December 31, 2019 (In thousands) Number of loans Pre-modification outstanding recorded investment Post-modification outstanding recorded investment Additional provision for loan losses Residential real estate loans 1 $ 205 $ 250 $ - The TDR evaluated for impairment for the year ended December 31, 2019 has been classified as a TDR due to economic concessions granted, which consisted of additional funds advanced without associated increases in collateral and an extended maturity date that will result in a delay in payment from the original contractual maturity. The Company is required to disclose loans that have been modified as TDRs within the previous 12 months in which there was payment default after the restructuring. The Company defines payment default as any loans 90 days past due on contractual payments. The Company had no loans that had been modified as TDRs during the twelve months prior to December 31, 2020, which had subsequently defaulted during the year ended December 31, 2020. The Company had no loans that had been modified as TDRs during the twelve months prior to December 31, 2019, which had subsequently defaulted during the year ended December 31, 2019. When the Company modifies a loan within a portfolio segment that is individually evaluated for impairment, a potential impairment is analyzed either based on the present value of the expected future cash flows discounted at the interest rate of the original loan terms or the fair value of the collateral less costs to sell. If it is determined that the value of the loan is less than its recorded investment, then impairment is recognized as a component of the provision for loan losses, an associated increase to the allowance for loan losses or as a charge-off to the allowance for loan losses in the current period. Impaired Loans The following table summarizes impaired loans information by portfolio class: December 31, 2020 December 31, 2019 Unpaid Unpaid Recorded Principal Related Recorded Principal Related (In thousands) Investment Balance Allowance Investment Balance Allowance With no related allowance recorded: 1-4 family first-lien residential mortgages $ 665 $ 665 $ - $ 1,027 $ 1,027 $ - Commercial real estate 11,053 11,136 - 3,996 4,067 - Commercial lines of credit - - - 86 86 - Other commercial and industrial 5,114 5,132 - 69 77 - Home equity and junior liens 75 75 - 40 40 - Other consumer 81 81 - 55 55 - With an allowance recorded: 1-4 family first-lien residential mortgages 1,182 1,182 205 584 584 97 Commercial real estate 1,729 1,729 231 450 450 78 Commercial lines of credit 925 925 925 98 98 98 Other commercial and industrial 1,864 1,864 1,278 866 866 406 Home equity and junior liens 142 142 142 180 180 150 Other consumer - - - 36 36 1 Total: 1-4 family first-lien residential mortgages 1,847 1,847 205 1,611 1,611 97 Commercial real estate 12,782 12,865 231 4,446 4,517 78 Commercial lines of credit 925 925 925 184 184 98 Other commercial and industrial 6,978 6,996 1,278 935 943 406 Home equity and junior liens 217 217 142 220 220 150 Other consumer 81 81 - 91 91 1 Totals $ 22,830 $ 22,931 $ 2,781 $ 7,487 $ 7,566 $ 830 The following table presents the average recorded investment in impaired loans for years ended December 31: (In thousands) 2020 2019 1-4 family first-lien residential mortgages $ 1,647 $ 1,622 Commercial real estate 6,327 3,868 Commercial lines of credit 360 295 Other commercial and industrial 2,448 1,015 Home equity and junior liens 219 220 Other consumer 86 76 Total $ 11,087 $ 7,096 The following table presents the cash basis interest income recognized on impaired loans for the years ended December 31: (In thousands) 2020 2019 1-4 family first-lien residential mortgages $ 75 $ 62 Commercial real estate 360 190 Commercial lines of credit 67 16 Other commercial and industrial 191 66 Home equity and junior liens 6 11 Other consumer 6 7 Total $ 705 $ 352 |