THE SPIN-OFF AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2014 |
THE SPIN-OFF AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES | |
THE SPIN-OFF AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES | |
NOTE 1 THE SPIN-OFF AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES |
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The Separation and Spin-off |
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We are an independent oil and natural gas exploration and production company operating properties exclusively within the State of California. We were incorporated in Delaware as a wholly-owned subsidiary of Occidental Petroleum Corporation (“Occidental”) on April 23, 2014, and remained a wholly-owned subsidiary of Occidental until the spin-off on November 30, 2014 (the “Spin-off”). Prior to the Spin-off, all material existing assets, operations and liabilities of the California business were consolidated under us. On November 30, 2014, Occidental distributed shares of our common stock on a pro rata basis to Occidental stockholders and we became an independent, publicly traded company. Occidental retained approximately 18.5% of our outstanding shares of common stock which it has stated it intends to divest within 18 months of the Spin-off. |
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Except when the context otherwise requires or where otherwise indicated, (1) all references to ‘‘CRC,’’ the ‘‘Company,’’ ‘‘we,’’ ‘‘us’’ and ‘‘our’’ refer to California Resources Corporation and its subsidiaries or the California business, (2) all references to the ‘‘California business’’ refer to Occidental’s California oil and gas exploration and production operations and related assets, liabilities and obligations, which we have assumed in connection with the Spin-off, and (3) all references to ‘‘Occidental’’ refer to Occidental Petroleum Corporation, our former parent, and its subsidiaries. |
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Basis of Presentation |
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Up until the Spin-off, the accompanying consolidated and combined financial statements were derived from the consolidated financial statements and accounting records of Occidental. These consolidated and combined financial statements reflect the historical results of operations, financial position and cash flows of the California business. We account for our share of oil and gas exploration and production ventures, in which we have a direct working interest, by reporting our proportionate share of assets, liabilities, revenues, costs and cash flows within the relevant lines on the balance sheets and statements of income and cash flows. |
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The consolidated and combined statements of income for periods prior to the Spin-off include expense allocations for certain corporate functions and centrally-located activities historically performed by Occidental. These functions include executive oversight, accounting, treasury, tax, financial reporting, finance, internal audit, legal, risk management, information technology, government relations, public relations, investor relations, human resources, procurement, engineering, drilling, exploration, marketing, ethics and compliance, and certain other shared services. These allocations are based primarily on specific identification of time or activities associated with us, employee headcount or our relative size compared to Occidental. Our management believes the assumptions underlying the consolidated and combined financial statements, including the assumptions regarding allocating expenses from Occidental, are reasonable. However, the financial statements may not include all of the actual expenses that would have been incurred, may include duplicative costs and may not reflect our consolidated and combined results of operations, financial position and cash flows had we operated as a stand-alone public company during the periods presented. Actual costs that would have been incurred if we had been a stand-alone company prior to the Spin-off would depend on multiple factors, including organizational structure and strategic and operating decisions. There may be some additional non-recurring costs of operating as a stand-alone company, which are not expected to be material. |
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The assets and liabilities in the consolidated and combined financial statements are presented on a historical cost basis. We have eliminated all of our significant intercompany transactions and accounts. Prior to the Spin-off, we participated in Occidental’s centralized treasury management program and had not incurred any debt. Additionally, excess cash generated by our business was distributed to Occidental, and likewise our cash needs were provided by Occidental, in the form of contributions. |
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All financial information presented after the Spin-off represents the financial position, results of operations and cash flows of CRC, as follows: |
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| · | | Our consolidated and combined statements of operations, comprehensive income and cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2014 consist of the stand-alone consolidated results of CRC following the Spin-off, and the consolidated and combined results of the California business from January 1, 2014, through the Spin-off. Our statements of income, comprehensive income and cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012 consist entirely of the combined results of the California business. | | | | | | | |
| · | | Our consolidated and combined balance sheet at December 31, 2014 consists of the consolidated balances of CRC, while at December 31, 2013, it consists of the combined balances of the California business. | | | | | | | |
| · | | Our consolidated and combined statement of changes in equity for the year ended December 31, 2014 consists of both the California business prior to the Spin-off and the consolidated activity for CRC subsequent to the Spin-off. Our consolidated statement of changes in equity for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012 consist entirely of the combined activity of the California business. | | | | | | | |
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Had we been a stand-alone company for the full year 2014, and had the same level of debt throughout the year as we did on December 31, 2014, of approximately $6.4 billion, we would have incurred $314 million pre-tax, or $186 million after-tax, of interest expense, on a pro-forma basis, for the year ended December 31, 2014, compared to the $72 million pre-tax interest expense reported in our statement of operations for the year then ended. |
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Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform to the 2014 presentation. |
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Risks and Uncertainties |
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The process of preparing financial statements in conformity with United States generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make informed estimates and judgments regarding certain types of financial statement balances and disclosures. Such estimates primarily relate to unsettled transactions and events as of the date of the financial statements and judgments on expected outcomes as well as the materiality of transactions and balances. Changes in facts and circumstances or discovery of new information relating to such transactions and events may result in revised estimates and judgments and actual results may differ from estimates upon settlement. Management believes that these estimates and judgments provide a reasonable basis for the fair presentation of our financial statements. |
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Revenue Recognition |
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We recognize revenue from oil and natural gas production when title has passed from us to the transportation company or the customer, as applicable. We recognize our share of revenues net of any royalties and other third-party share. |
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Net Parent Company Investment |
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Prior to the Spin-off, our balance sheets included net parent company investment, which represented Occidental’s historical investment in us, our accumulated net income and the net effect of transactions with, and allocations from, Occidental. |
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Inventories |
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Materials and supplies are valued at weighted-average cost and are reviewed periodically for obsolescence. Finished goods include oil and natural gas products, which are valued at the lower of cost or market. |
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Property, Plant and Equipment |
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The carrying value of our property, plant and equipment (PP&E) represents the cost incurred to acquire or develop the asset, including any asset retirement obligations and capitalized interest, net of accumulated depreciation, depletion and amortization (DD&A) and any impairment charges. For assets acquired, PP&E cost is based on fair values at the acquisition date. Asset retirement obligations are capitalized and amortized over the lives of the related assets. |
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We use the successful efforts method to account for oil and gas properties. Under this method, we capitalize costs of acquiring properties, costs of drilling successful exploration wells and development costs. The costs of exploratory wells are initially capitalized pending a determination of whether we find proved reserves. If we find proved reserves, the costs of exploratory wells remain capitalized. Otherwise, we charge the costs of the related wells to expense. In some cases, we cannot determine whether we have found proved reserves at the completion of the exploration drilling, and must conduct additional testing and evaluation of the wells. We generally expense the costs of such exploratory wells if we do not determine we have found proved reserves within a 12-month period after drilling is complete. |
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The following table summarizes the activity of capitalized exploratory well costs for the years ended December 31: |
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| | 2014 | | 2013 | | 2012 | |
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Balance - Beginning of Year | | $ | 18 | | $ | 18 | | $ | 63 | |
Additions to capitalized exploratory well costs pending the determination of proved reserves | | 3 | | 46 | | 62 | |
Reclassification to property, plant and equipment based on the determination of proved reserves | | (8 | ) | (31 | ) | (61 | ) |
Capitalized exploratory well costs charged to expense | | (9 | ) | (15 | ) | (46 | ) |
Balance - End of Year | | $ | 4 | | $ | 18 | | $ | 18 | |
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We expense annual lease rentals, the costs of injection used in production and exploration geological, geophysical and seismic costs as incurred. Cost of maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred, except that the costs of replacements that expand capacity or add proven oil and gas reserves are capitalized. |
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We determine depreciation and depletion of oil and gas producing properties by the unit-of-production method. We amortize acquisition costs over total proved reserves, and capitalized development and successful exploration costs over proved developed reserves. Substantially all of our total depreciation, depletion and amortization expense relates to production costs. |
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Proved oil and gas reserves and production volumes are used as the basis for recording depreciation and depletion of oil and gas properties. Proved reserves are those quantities of oil and natural gas which, by analysis of geoscience and engineering data, can be estimated with reasonable certainty to be economically producible—from a given date forward, from known reservoirs, and under existing economic conditions, operating methods, and government regulations—prior to the time at which contracts providing the right to operate expire, unless evidence indicates that renewal is reasonably certain, regardless of whether deterministic or probabilistic methods are used for the estimation. We have no proved oil and gas reserves for which the determination of economic producibility is subject to the completion of major additional capital investments. |
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Our gas plant and power plant assets are depreciated over the estimated useful lives of the assets, using the straight-line method, with expected initial useful lives of the assets ranging from two to 30 years. Other property and equipment is depreciated using the straight-line method based on expected initial lives of the individual assets or group of assets ranging from two to 20 years. |
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We perform impairment tests with respect to proved properties when product prices decline other than temporarily, reserve estimates change significantly, other significant events occur or management’s plans change with respect to these properties in a manner that may impact our ability to realize the recorded asset amounts. Impairment tests incorporate a number of assumptions involving expectations of undiscounted future cash flows, which can change significantly over time. These assumptions include estimates of future product prices, which we base on forward price curves and, when applicable, contractual prices, estimates of oil and gas reserves and estimates of future expected operating and development costs. Any impairment loss would be calculated as the excess of the asset’s net book value over its estimated fair value. We recognize any impairment loss on proved properties by adjusting the carrying amount of the asset. |
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A portion of the carrying value of our oil and gas properties is attributable to unproved properties. At December 31, 2014, the net capitalized costs attributable to unproved properties were approximately $300 million. The unproved amounts are not subject to DD&A until they are classified as proved properties. As exploration and development work progresses, if reserves on these properties are proved, capitalized costs attributable to the properties become subject to DD&A. If the exploration and development work were to be unsuccessful, or management decided not to pursue development of these properties as a result of lower commodity prices, higher development and operating costs, contractual conditions or other factors, the capitalized costs of the related properties would be expensed. The timing of any write-downs of these unproved properties, if warranted, depends upon management’s plans, the nature, timing and extent of future exploration and development activities and their results. We recognize any impairment loss on unproved properties by providing a valuation allowance. |
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At year end 2014, we performed impairment tests with respect to our proved and unproved properties as a result of significant declines in oil prices largely during the last half of 2014. As a result, in the fourth quarter of 2014, we recorded pre-tax asset impairment charges of $3.4 billion on proved and unproved properties throughout our asset base. The impairment charge was related to certain properties in the San Joaquin and Los Angeles basins and a portion of our assets in the Ventura basin, as well as our natural gas properties in the Sacramento basin. Approximately $650 million of the charge was related to unproved properties. The properties were impaired as a result of accounting rules that require us to evaluate our properties based on the year-end forward price curve, as well as projects we determined we would not pursue in the foreseeable future given the current environment. |
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In 2012, management decided not to pursue development of certain of our natural gas properties which were impacted by persistently low natural gas prices. As a result, we recorded an impairment charge in 2012 of $29 million. |
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Asset Retirement Obligations |
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We recognize the fair value of asset retirement obligations in the period in which a determination is made that a legal obligation exists to dismantle an asset and reclaim or remediate the property at the end of its useful life and the cost of the obligation can be reasonably estimated. The liability amounts are based on future retirement cost estimates and incorporate many assumptions such as time to abandonment, technological changes, future inflation rates and the risk-adjusted discount rate. When the liability is initially recorded, we capitalize the cost by increasing the related PP&E balances. If the estimated future cost of the asset retirement obligation changes, we record an adjustment to both the asset retirement obligation and PP&E. Over time, the liability is increased and expense is recognized for accretion, and the capitalized cost is depreciated over the useful life of the asset. |
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At certain of our facilities, we have identified asset retirement obligations that are related mainly to plant and field decommissioning, including plugging and abandonment of wells. In certain cases, we do not know or cannot estimate when we may settle these obligations and, therefore, we cannot reasonably estimate the fair value of these liabilities. We will recognize these asset retirement obligations in the periods in which sufficient information becomes available to reasonably estimate their fair values. Additionally, for certain plants, we do not have a legal obligation to decommission them and accordingly we have not recorded a liability. |
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The following table summarizes the activity of the asset retirement obligation, of which $397 million and $388 million is included in other long-term liabilities, with the remaining current portion in accrued liabilities at December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively. |
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| | For the years ended | | | | |
December 31, | | | |
| | 2014 | | 2013 | | | | |
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Beginning balance | | $ | 415 | | $ | 387 | | | | |
Liabilities incurred - capitalized to PP&E | | 19 | | 25 | | | | |
Liabilities settled and paid | | (29 | ) | (9 | ) | | | |
Accretion expense | | 22 | | 21 | | | | |
Acquisitions, disposition and other - changes in PP&E | | 26 | | (2 | ) | | | |
Revisions to estimated cash flows - changes in PP&E | | (34 | ) | (7 | ) | | | |
Ending balance | | $ | 419 | | $ | 415 | | | | |
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Derivative Instruments |
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Derivatives are carried at fair value and on a net basis when a legal right of offset exists with the same counterparty. Fair value gains and losses from derivative instruments are recognized in earnings in the current period and are reported on a net basis in the statements of operations. We apply hedge accounting when transactions meet specified criteria for hedge treatment and management elects and documents such treatment. For hedges, the gain or loss on the effective portion of the derivative is reported as a component of other comprehensive income (OCI) with an offsetting adjustment to the basis of the item being hedged. Realized gains or losses from hedges, and any ineffective portion, are recorded as a component of net sales in the statements of operations. Ineffectiveness is primarily created by a lack of correlation between the hedged item and the hedging instrument due to location, quality, grade or changes in the expected quantity of the hedged item. |
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A hedge is regarded as highly effective such that it qualifies for hedge accounting if, at inception and throughout its life, we expect that changes in the fair value or cash flows of the hedged item will be offset by 80 to 125 percent of the changes in the fair value or cash flows, respectively, of the hedging instrument. In the case of hedging a forecast transaction, the transaction must be probable and must present an exposure to variations in cash flows that could ultimately affect reported net income or loss. We discontinue hedge accounting when we determine that a derivative has ceased to be highly effective as a hedge; when the hedged item matures or is sold or repaid; or when a forecast transaction is no longer deemed probable. |
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Stock-based Incentive Plans |
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We have stockholder approved stock-based incentive plans for certain employees and directors that are more fully described in Note 11. A summary of our accounting policy for awards issued under our plans is as follows. |
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The fair value of stock options granted to our employees is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The model uses various assumptions, based on management’s estimates at the time of grant, which impact the calculation of fair value and ultimately, the amount of expense recognized over the vesting period of the stock option award. Of the required assumptions, the expected life of the stock option award and the expected volatility of our stock price have the most significant impact on the fair value calculation. In the absence of adequate stock price history of CRC common stock, the volatility factor is based on the average volatilities of the stocks of a select group of peer companies, which are similar in nature to us. The average expected life is calculated based on the simplified method. |
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For cash- and stock-settled restricted stock units, compensation value is initially measured on the grant date using the quoted market price of CRC common stock. Compensation expense for restricted stock units is recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service periods. Compensation expense for the cash-settled portion of the awards is adjusted cumulatively for changes in the value of the underlying stock on a quarterly basis. All stock-price-related changes are recognized in periodic compensation expense. The stock-settled portion of these awards is expensed using the initially measured compensation value. |
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Earnings Per Share |
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Our instruments containing rights to nonforfeitable dividends granted in stock-based awards are considered participating securities prior to vesting and, therefore, have been deducted from earnings in computing basic and diluted earnings per share under the two-class method. |
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Basic earnings per share was computed by dividing net income attributable to common stock, net of income allocated to participating securities, by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during each period, net of treasury shares, if any, and including vested but unissued shares and share units. The computation of diluted earnings per share reflects the additional dilutive effect of stock options and unvested stock awards. |
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Retirement and Postretirement Benefit Plans |
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Prior to the Spin-off, a majority of our employees participated in postretirement benefit plans sponsored by Occidental, which included participants from other Occidental subsidiaries. These plans had an insignificant amount of assets and were substantially funded as benefits were paid. We recognized a liability in the accompanying balance sheets for the employees of the California operations. The related postretirement expenses were allocated to us from Occidental based on the employees of the California business. Following the Spin-off, all of our employees participate in postretirement benefit plans sponsored by us. These plans are substantially funded as benefits are paid. |
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For defined benefit pension and postretirement plans that are sponsored by us, we recognize the net overfunded or underfunded amounts in the financial statements using a December 31 measurement date. |
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We determine our defined benefit pension and postretirement benefit plan obligations based on various assumptions and discount rates. The discount rate assumptions used are meant to reflect the interest rate at which the obligations could effectively be settled on the measurement date. We estimate the rate of return on assets with regard to current market factors but within the context of historical returns. |
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Pension plan assets are measured at fair value. Common stock, preferred stock, publicly registered mutual funds, U.S. government securities and corporate bonds are valued using quoted market prices in active markets when available. When quoted market prices are not available, these investments are valued using pricing models with observable inputs from both active and non-active markets. Common and collective trusts are valued at the fund units’ net asset value (NAV) provided by the issuer, which represents the quoted price in a non-active market. Short-term investment funds are valued at the fund units’ NAV provided by the issuer. |
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Actuarial gains and losses that have not yet been recognized through income are recorded in accumulated OCI within net investment, net of taxes, until they are amortized as a component of net periodic benefit cost. |
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Fair Value Measurements |
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We have categorized our assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value in a three-level fair value hierarchy, based on the inputs to the valuation techniques: Level 1—using quoted prices in active markets for the assets or liabilities; Level 2—using observable inputs other than quoted prices for the assets or liabilities; and Level 3—using unobservable inputs. Transfers between levels, if any, are recognized at the end of each reporting period. We apply the market approach for certain recurring fair value measurements, maximize our use of observable inputs and minimize use of unobservable inputs. We generally use an income approach to measure fair value when observable inputs are unavailable. This approach utilizes management’s judgments regarding expectations of projected cash flows and discounts those cash flows using a risk-adjusted discount rate. |
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Commodity derivatives are carried at fair value. We utilize the mid-point between bid and ask prices for valuing these instruments. In addition to using market data in determining these fair values, we make assumptions about the risks inherent in the inputs to the valuation technique. Our commodity derivatives comprise Over-the-Counter (OTC) bilateral financial commodity contracts, which are generally valued using industry-standard models that consider various inputs, including quoted forward prices for commodities, time value, volatility factors, credit risk and current market and contracted prices for the underlying instruments, as well as other relevant economic measures. Substantially all of these inputs are observable data or are supported by observable prices at which transactions are executed in the marketplace. We classify these measurements as Level 2. |
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The carrying amounts of on-balance-sheet financial instruments approximate fair value. |
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Other Current Assets |
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Other current assets at December 31, 2014 include amounts due from joint interest partners of approximately $120 million, greenhouse gas emission credits of $65 million and deferred tax assets of $61 million. At December 31, 2013 other current assets included $97 million due from joint interest partners. |
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Accrued Liabilities |
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Accrued liabilities at December 31, 2014 include accrued compensation-related costs of approximately $80 million, interest payable of approximately $70 million, and greenhouse gas liabilities of approximately $65 million. At December 31, 2013 accrued liabilities included $70 million of accrued compensation-related costs. |
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Supplemental Cash Flow Information |
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We have not made United States federal and state income tax payments directly to taxing jurisdictions. Up until the Spin-off, our share of Occidental’s tax payments or refunds were paid or received, as applicable, by our parent and are reflected as part of the net parent company investment. Such amounts paid during the year ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 were approximately $165 million and $318 million, respectively, while the year ended December 31, 2012 resulted in a net refund of approximately $121 million. We also paid taxes other than on income, consisting mostly of property taxes, of approximately $183 million, $185 million and $171 million during the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012, respectively. Interest paid totaled approximately $3 million for the year ended December 31, 2014, and zero for each of the two years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012. |
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The 2014 capital investments reported on the statement of cash flows exclude changes to the consolidated balance sheets that did not affect cash primarily consisting of the increase in capital accruals during the year. Total capital investments in 2014 were $2.089 billion, which included $2.020 billion of cash paid for capital investments as reported in the statement of cash flows and $69 million in increase in capital accruals. For the years 2013 and 2012, the changes in the capital accrual amounts were not material. |
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In 2014, Occidental transferred to us certain assets, liabilities and accruals, of which the most significant consisted of outstanding trade receivables of approximately $400 million. |
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These non-cash transfers and the corresponding net contribution to us from Occidental were excluded from net cash provided by operating activities and cash flow from financing activities. |
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Major Customers |
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For the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012, ConocoPhillips/Phillips 66 Company and Tesoro Refining & Marketing Company LLC each accounted for more than 10% of our net sales. Collectively, they accounted for 45%, 42% and 46% in each of those years, respectively. |
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Income Taxes |
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Our taxable income was historically included in the consolidated U.S. federal income tax returns of Occidental and in a number of their consolidated state income tax returns. In the accompanying financial statements, our provision for income taxes is computed as if we were a stand-alone tax-paying entity. |
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Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the estimated future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of assets and liabilities and their tax bases. Deferred tax assets are recorded when it is more likely than not that they will be realized. The realization of deferred tax assets is assessed periodically based on several factors, including our expectation that we will generate sufficient future taxable income and reversals of taxable temporary differences. |
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