| Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Basis of Presentation The financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("U.S. GAAP") and pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"). In the opinion of management, all adjustments, consisting of only normal recurring adjustments that are necessary to present fairly the financial position, results of operations, and cash flows have been made. The results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2021 are not necessarily indicative of the operating results for any future periods. Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts and disclosures reported in the financial statements. We use significant judgment when making estimates related to the allowance for credit losses, inventory reserves, warranty reserves, and stock-based awards. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Cash and Cash Equivalents We consider all highly liquid securities, readily convertible to cash, that mature within 90 days or less from the date of purchase to be cash equivalents. The carrying amount reported in the balance sheets for cash is cost, which approximates fair value. Foreign Currency Sales and expenses denominated in foreign currencies are translated at average exchange rates in effect throughout the year. Foreign currency transaction gains and losses are included in other expense (income), net in the statements of operations and comprehensive loss. Assets and liabilities of foreign operations are remeasured at period-end exchange rates with the impacts of foreign currency remeasurement recognized in other expense (income), net in the statements of operations and comprehensive loss. Investments At December 31, 2021, our long-term investments consisted of U.S. government securities.. At December 31, 2020, our short-term investments consisted of commercial paper, corporate bonds, and U.S. government securities. Investments are reported at their estimated fair market values which are based on quoted, active or inactive market prices when available. Any unrealized gains and losses due to interest rate fluctuations and other external factors are reported as a separate component of accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income. We had $0.1 million of unrecognized loss and approximately $0 of unrecognized income in our accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income balance at December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Any realized gains and losses are calculated on the specific identification method and reported net in other expense (income) in the statements of operations and comprehensive loss. For the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, we recognized $0 and $0.1 million of gains, net, respectively. We recognize expected credit losses on investments in accordance with Accounting Standards Update ("ASU"), ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses ("ASU 2016-13"), which we adopted effective January 1, 2020 using the modified retrospective approach. The adoption of ASU 2016-13 did not have a material impact on the amount and timing of credit losses recognized in our financial statements. We reassess our estimated credit losses on investments each reporting period. U.S. government securities and cash equivalents are under a "zero-loss exception" for credit losses, meaning no credit loss risk calculation is necessary on those instruments due to the exceptionally low rate of default, which continues to decrease as the securities approach maturity, which for us is no longer than two years. For non-U.S. government securities, we use a discounted cash flow approach to calculate expected credit losses using estimated default rates based upon historical loss data, current conditions, as well as expectations of future economic conditions. We record changes in the allowance for credit losses for available-for-sale debt securities with a corresponding adjustment in credit loss expense on the statement of operations and comprehensive loss. No reversal of a previously recorded allowance for credit losses may be made to an amount below zero. The total allowance for credit losses was $0 at both December 31, 2021 and 2020. Fair Value of Financial Instruments We measure certain financial assets and liabilities at fair value on a recurring basis, including cash equivalents and investments. Fair value is an exit price, representing the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. As such, fair value is a market-based measurement that should be determined based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or a liability. A three-tier fair value hierarchy is established as a basis for considering such assumptions and for inputs used in the valuation methodologies in measuring fair value: Level 1 — Observable inputs, such as quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets. Level 2 — Inputs other than quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities that are observable either directly or indirectly for substantially the full term of the asset or liability. Level 3 — Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activities, which would require us to develop our own assumptions. We use the methods and assumptions described below in determining the fair value of our financial instruments. Money market funds: Fair values of money market funds are based on quoted market prices in active markets. These are included as Level 1 measurements in the tables below. Commercial paper: Short-term, highly liquid investments are included as a Level 2 measurement in the table below. Corporate bonds: Consists of short- and long-term notes and bonds with various yields. These are included as a Level 2 measurement in the table below. U.S. government securities: Consists of U.S. government Treasury bills with original maturities of less than two years. These are included as a Level 1 measurement in the tables below. The following tables sets forth by level within the fair value hierarchy our assets that are measured on a recurring basis and reported at fair value as of December 31, 2021 and 2020. Assets are classified in their entirety based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. Fair Value Measurements as of December 31, 2021 Estimated Fair Value Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Cash equivalents: Money market funds $ 189,369 $ 189,369 $ — $ — Total cash equivalents 189,369 189,369 — — Investments: U.S. government securities 9,938 9,938 — — Total investments 9,938 9,938 — — Total cash equivalents and investments $ 199,307 $ 199,307 $ — $ — Fair Value Measurements as of December 31, 2020 Estimated Fair Value Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Cash equivalents: Money market funds $ 179,389 $ 179,389 $ — $ — Total cash equivalents 179,389 179,389 — — Investments: Commercial paper 13,275 — 13,275 — Corporate bonds 6,540 — 6,540 — U.S. government securities 24,029 24,029 — — Total investments 43,844 24,029 19,815 — Total cash equivalents and investments $ 223,233 $ 203,418 $ 19,815 $ — There were no transfers between levels during the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020. Concentration of Credit Risk Financial instruments, which potentially subject us to concentrations of credit risk, consist principally of cash equivalents, investments, and accounts receivable. Our investment policy limits investments to certain types of debt securities issued by the U.S. government and its agencies, corporations with investment-grade credit ratings, or commercial paper and money market funds issued by the highest quality financial and non-financial companies. We place restrictions on maturities and concentration by type and issuer. We are exposed to credit risk in the event of a default by the issuers of these securities to the extent recorded on the balance sheets. However, as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, we limited our credit risk associated with cash equivalents by placing investments with banks we believe are highly creditworthy. We believe that the credit risk in our accounts receivable is mitigated by our credit evaluation process, relatively short collection terms, and dispersion of our customer base. We generally do not require collateral, and losses on accounts receivable have historically not been significant. Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Expected Credit Losses Trade accounts receivable are recorded at the invoiced amount and do not bear interest. Customer credit terms are established prior to shipment with the general standard being net 30 days. Collateral or any other security to support payment of these receivables generally is not required. We recognize expected credit losses on accounts receivable in accordance with ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses ("ASU 2016-13"), which we adopted effective January 1, 2020 using the modified retrospective approach through a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings. The adoption of ASU 2016-13 did not have a material impact on the amount and timing of credit losses recognized in our financial statements. Each reporting period, we estimate the credit loss related to accounts receivable based on a migration analysis of accounts grouped by individual receivables delinquency status, and apply our historic loss rate adjusted for management's assumption of future market conditions. Any change in the allowance from new receivables acquired, or changes due to credit deterioration on previously existing receivables, is recorded in selling, general and administrative expenses. Write-offs of receivables considered uncollectible are deducted from the allowance. Specific accounts receivable are written-off once a determination is made that the amount is uncollectible. The write-off is recorded in the period in which the account receivable is deemed uncollectible. Recoveries are recognized when received and as a direct credit to earnings or as a reduction to the allowance for credit losses (which would indirectly reduce the loss by decreasing bad debt expense). Inventories Inventories are valued at the lower of cost or net realizable value, computed on a first-in, first-out basis, and consisted of the following: December 31, 2021 2020 Raw materials $ 3,119 $ 892 Finished goods 14,112 7,587 Total inventories, net of reserves $ 17,231 $ 8,479 We regularly review inventory quantities on-hand for excess and obsolete inventory and, when circumstances indicate, incur charges to write down inventories to their net realizable value. The determination of a reserve for excess and obsolete inventory involves management exercising judgment to determine the required reserve, considering future demand, product life cycles, introduction of new products and current market conditions. The reserve for excess and obsolete inventory was $0.3 million and $0.1 million as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Property and Equipment Property and equipment are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation and amortization and consisted of the following: December 31, 2021 2020 Computer equipment and software $ 1,397 $ 1,305 Manufacturing equipment 4,436 2,285 Other equipment 249 249 Leasehold improvements 281 192 Construction in process 5,175 3,125 Property and equipment, cost 11,538 7,156 Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization (3,052) (1,845) Property and equipment, net $ 8,486 $ 5,311 Depreciation is determined using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the respective assets, generally three Impairment of Long-lived Assets Long-lived assets consist primarily of property and equipment and are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. If circumstances require that an asset be tested for possible impairment, we compare the undiscounted cash flows expected to be generated by the asset to the carrying amount of the asset. If the carrying amount of the asset is not recoverable on an undiscounted cash flow basis, we determine the fair value of the asset and recognize an impairment loss to the extent the carrying amount of the asset exceeds its fair value. We determine fair value using the income approach based on the present value of expected future cash flows or other appropriate measures of estimated fair value. Our cash flow assumptions consider historical and forecasted revenue and operating costs and other relevant factors. We did not record any impairment charges on long-lived assets during the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, or 2019. Accrued Expenses Accrued expenses consisted of the following: December 31, 2021 2020 Payroll related $ 17,655 $ 11,965 Interest 160 160 Product warranty liability 468 159 Current operating lease liability 312 — Other accrued expenses 1,859 1,232 Total accrued expenses $ 20,454 $ 13,516 The following table shows the changes in our estimated product warranty liability accrual, included in accrued liabilities: Year Ended December 31, 2021 2020 2019 Balance at beginning of period $ 159 $ 115 $ 21 Accruals of warranties issued 576 137 156 Settlements of warranty claims (267) (93) (62) Balance at the end of the period $ 468 $ 159 $ 115 Revenue Recognition We recognize revenue in accordance with ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers ("ASC 606"). Revenues from product sales are recognized when the customer obtains control of the product, which occurs at a point in time, either upon shipment of the product or receipt of the product, depending on shipment terms. Our standard shipping terms are free on board shipping point, unless the customer requests that control and title to the inventory transfer upon delivery. In those cases where shipping and handling costs are billed to customers, we classify the amounts billed as a component of cost of goods sold. Revenue is measured as the amount of consideration we expect to receive, adjusted for any applicable estimates of variable consideration and other factors affecting the transaction price, which is based on the invoiced price, in exchange for transferring products. All revenue is recognized when we satisfy our performance obligations under the contract. The majority of our contracts have a single performance obligation and are short term in nature. Sales taxes and value added taxes in foreign jurisdictions that are collected from customers and remitted to governmental authorities are accounted for on a net basis and therefore are excluded from net sales. Shipping and handling costs associated with outbound freight after control over a product has transferred to a customer are accounted for as a fulfillment cost and are included in cost of goods sold. Variable consideration related to certain customer sales incentives is estimated based on the amounts expected to be paid based on the agreement with the customer using probability assessments. We offer customers a limited right of return for our product in case of non-conformity or performance issues. We estimate the amount of our product sales that may be returned by our customers based on historical sales and returns. As our historical product returns to date have been immaterial, we have not recorded a reduction in revenue related to variable consideration for product returns. See Note 9 for disaggregated revenue by geographic area. Cost of Goods Sold Cost of goods sold consists primarily of acquisition costs for the components of the Inspire system, overhead costs, scrap and inventory obsolescence, warranty replacement costs, as well as distribution-related expenses such as logistics and shipping costs, net of shipping costs charged to customers. The overhead costs include the cost of material procurement, depreciation expense for production equipment, and operations supervision and management personnel, including employee compensation, stock-based compensation, supplies, and travel. Research and Development Research and development expenses consist primarily of product development, clinical and regulatory affairs, quality assurance, consulting services, and other costs associated with products and technologies in development. These expenses include employee compensation, including stock-based compensation, supplies, materials, consulting, and travel expenses related to research and development programs. Clinical expenses include clinical trial design, clinical site reimbursement, data management, travel expenses, and the cost of manufacturing products for clinical trials. Stock-Based Compensation We maintain an equity incentive plan to provide lon g-term incentives for eligible employees, consultants, and members of the board of directors. The plan allows for the issuance of restricted stock units ("RSUs") and non-statutory and incentive stock options to employees and RSUs and non-statutory stock options to consultants and directors. We also offer an employee stock purchase plan which allows participating employees to purchase shares of our common stock at a discount through payroll deductions. We recognize equity-based compensation expense for awards of equity instruments to employees and directors based on the grant date fair value of those awards in accordance with ASC Topic 718, Stock Compensation ("ASC 718"). ASC 718 requires all equity-based compensation awards to employees and directors, including grants of RSUs and stock options, to be recognized as expense in the statements of operations and comprehensive loss based on their grant date fair values. We estimate the fair value of stock options using the Black-Scholes option pricing model and the fair value of RSUs is equal to the closing price of our common stock on the grant date. The fair value of each purchase under the employee stock purchase plan is estimated at the beginning of the offering period using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. We have not granted any stock-based awards to our consultants. The Black-Scholes option pricing model requires the input of certain subjective assumptions, including (i) the expected share price volatility, (ii) the expected term of the award, (iii) the risk-free interest rate and (iv) the expected dividend yield. Due to our limited operating history and a lack of company specific historical and implied volatility data, we have incorporated our historical stock trading volatility with those of a peer group of public companies for the calculation of volatility. The group of peer companies have characteristics similar to us, including stage of product development and focus on the life science industry. The historical volatility is calculated based on a period of time commensurate with the expected term assumption. We use the simplified method, which is the average of the final vesting tranche date and the contractual term, to calculate the expected term for options granted to employees and directors as we do not have sufficient historical exercise data to provide a reasonable basis upon which to estimate the expected term. The risk-free interest rate is based on a U.S. government Treasury instrument whose term is consistent with the expected term of the stock options. We use an assumed dividend yield of zero as we have never paid dividends and have no current plans to pay any dividends on our common stock. We expense the fair value of our equity-based compensation awards granted to employees and directors on a straight-line basis over the associated service period, which is generally the period in which the related services are received. We account for award forfeitures as they occur. Advertising Expenses We expense the costs of advertising, including promotional expenses, as incurred. Advertising expenses were $47.8 million, $26.4 million, and $18.0 million during the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019, respectively. Leases Operating leases are included in operating lease right-of-use ("ROU") asset, accrued expenses, and operating lease liability – non-current portion in our balance sheets. ROU assets represent our right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent our obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Operating lease ROU assets and liabilities are recognized at the lease commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. In determining the present value of lease payments, we use our incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at the lease commencement date as the rate implicit in the lease is not readily determinable. The determination of our incremental borrowing rate requires management judgment based on information available at lease commencement. The operating lease ROU assets also include adjustments for prepayments, accrued lease payments and exclude lease incentives. Our lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that we will exercise such options. Operating lease cost is recognized on a straight-line basis over the expected lease term. Lease agreements entered into after the adoption of ASC 842 that include lease and non-lease components are accounted for as a single lease component. Lease agreements with a noncancelable term of less than 12 months are not recorded on our balance sheets. Income Taxes We account for income taxes using the liability method. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the differences between the financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities and are measured using the enacted tax rates that will be in effect when the differences are expected to reverse. Valuation allowances against deferred tax assets are established, when necessary, to reduce deferred tax assets to the amounts expected to be realized. As we have historically incurred operating losses, we have recorded a full valuation allowance against our net deferred tax assets, and there is no provision for income taxes other than minimal state taxes and an accrual for uncertain tax benefits. Our policy is to record interest and penalties expense related to uncertain tax positions as other expense in the statements of operations and comprehensive loss. Comprehensive Loss Comprehensive loss consists of net loss and changes in unrealized gains and losses due to interest rate fluctuations and other external factors on investments classified as available-for-sale. Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income is presented in the accompanying balance sheets as a component of stockholders' equity. Loss Per Share Basic net loss per share is computed by dividing the net loss by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Diluted net loss per share is computed by dividing the net loss by the weighted average number of shares of common stock and dilutive potential shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Because we have reported a net loss for all periods presented, diluted net loss per share is the same as basic net loss per share as all potentially dilutive shares consisting of outstanding stock options, unvested RSUs, and shares issuable under our employee stock purchase plan were antidilutive in those periods. Purchase Commitments As of December 31, 2021, we had purchase commitments to suppliers for purchases totaling $114.6 million. Recent Accounting Pronouncements We have reviewed and considered all recent accounting pronouncements that have not yet been adopted and believe there are none that could potentially have a material impact on our business practices, financial condition, results of operations, or disclosures. |
