Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | Summary of Significant Accounting Policies A. Consolidation The financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries. In addition, the financial statements include the accounts of Computerized Vehicle Registration, Inc. ("CVR") in which CDK holds a controlling financial or management interest. All significant intercompany transactions and balances between consolidated CDK businesses have been eliminated. The Company's share of earnings or losses of non-controlled affiliates, over which the Company exercises significant influence (generally a 20% to 50% ownership interest), are included in the consolidated and combined operating results using the equity method of accounting. Equity method investments were not significant for fiscal 2015 , 2014 , and 2013 . B. Business Combinations The purchase price allocations for acquisitions are based on estimates of the fair value of tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed. The Company engages independent valuation specialists, when necessary, to assist with purchase price allocations and uses recognized valuation techniques, including the income and market approaches, to determine fair value. Management makes estimates and assumptions in determining purchase price allocations and valuation analyses, which may involve significant unobservable inputs. The excess of the purchase price over the estimated fair values of the underlying assets acquired and liabilities assumed is allocated to goodwill. In certain circumstances, the allocations of the excess purchase price are based upon preliminary estimates and assumptions. Accordingly, the allocations may be subject to revision when the Company receives final information, including appraisals and other analyses. Assets acquired and liabilities assumed in business combinations are recorded on the Company’s consolidated and combined balance sheets as of the respective acquisition dates based upon their estimated fair values at such dates. The results of operations of businesses acquired by the Company are included in the Company’s consolidated and combined statements of operations since their respective dates of acquisition. C. Restructuring Restructuring expenses consist of employee-related costs, including severance and other termination benefits calculated based on long-standing benefit practices and local statutory requirements. Restructuring obligations and liabilities are recognized at fair value in the period the liability is incurred. In some jurisdictions, the Company has ongoing benefit arrangements under which the Company records the estimated severance and other termination benefits when such costs are deemed probable and estimable, approved by the appropriate corporate management, and if actions required to complete the termination plan indicate that it is unlikely that significant changes to the plan will be made or the plan will be withdrawn. In jurisdictions where there is not an ongoing benefit arrangement, the Company records estimated severance and other termination benefits when appropriate corporate management has committed to the plan and the benefit arrangement is communicated to the affected employees. Estimates are evaluated periodically to determine whether an adjustment is required. D. Revenue Recognition Revenues are generated from software licenses, hosting arrangements, hardware sales and leases, support and maintenance, professional services, advertising, and digital marketing, as well as certain transactional services. The Company recognizes software related revenues (on-site) in accordance with the provisions of Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 985-605, “Software-Revenue Recognition,” and non-software related revenue, upfront hardware sales, and software delivered under a hosted model in accordance with ASC 605, "Revenue Recognition" ("ASC 605"). In general, revenue is recognized when all of the following criteria have been met: • persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists; • delivery has occurred or services have been rendered; • fees are fixed or determinable; and • collection of the revenue is reasonably assured. The following are the Company’s major components of revenues: • Bundled sales of Dealer Management Systems (“DMS”) and integrated solutions. In the Automotive Retail North America and Automotive Retail International segments, the Company receives fees for product installation, monthly fees for software licenses, ongoing software support and maintenance of DMS, and other integrated solutions that are either hosted by the Company or installed on-site at the client’s location. Revenues for term licenses are recognized ratably over the software license term, as vendor-specific objective evidence (“VSOE”) of the fair values of the individual elements in the sales arrangement does not exist. Revenue recognition commences at the installation dates, when client acceptance has occurred, and collectability of a determinable amount is probable. In the case of hosted applications, the client does not have the contractual right to take possession of the software, and the items delivered at the outset of the contract (e.g., installation, training, etc.) do not have value to the client without the software license and ongoing support and maintenance. Any upfront fees charged in the case of hosted arrangements are recognized ratably over the expected benefit period of the arrangement, typically five years . The unrecognized portion of these revenue elements is recorded as deferred revenue. The Company also offers various hardware elements in connection with DMS and integrated solution sales, which in some instances are considered sales-type leases under ASC 840, "Leases," and in other instances are sold upfront. Revenues related to leased hardware are recognized upon installation and receivables are recorded based on the present value of the minimum lease payments at the beginning of the lease term. • Transactional revenues. The Company receives revenues on a fee per transaction processed basis in connection with providing auto retailers interfaces with third parties to process credit reports, vehicle registrations, data updates, and Internet sales leads through May 21, 2015 , the date on which this business was sold. Transactional revenues are recorded in accordance with ASC 605. Delivery occurs at the time the services are rendered. Transactional revenues are recorded in revenues gross of costs incurred for credit report processing and vehicle registrations as the Company is contractually responsible for providing the service, software, and/or connectivity to the clients, and therefore, the Company is the primary obligor under ASC 605. • Digital Marketing services. The Company receives revenues from the placement of advertising for clients and providing websites and related advertising and marketing services. Digital marketing revenues are recorded in accordance with ASC 605 as delivery occurs at the time the services are rendered. E. Income Taxes Income tax expense is recognized for the amount of taxes payable or refundable for the current year. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the expected future tax consequences of temporary differences between the financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities, and for operating losses and tax credit carryforwards. Management must make assumptions, judgments, and estimates to determine the provision for income taxes, taxes payable or refundable, and deferred tax assets and liabilities. Our assumptions, judgments, and estimates take into consideration the realization of deferred tax assets and changes in tax laws or interpretations thereof. Our income tax returns are subject to examination by various tax authorities. A change in the assessment of the outcomes of such matters could materially impact our consolidated and combined financial statements. The Company records a valuation allowance to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount that is more likely than not to be realized. In determining the need for a valuation allowance, the Company considers future market growth, forecasted earnings, future taxable income, and prudent and feasible tax planning strategies. In the event the Company determines that it is more likely than not that it will be unable to realize all or a portion of its deferred tax assets in the future, the Company would increase the valuation allowance and recognize a corresponding charge to earnings in the period in which such a determination is made. Likewise, if the Company later determines that it is more likely than not to realize the deferred tax assets, the Company would reverse the applicable portion of the previously recognized valuation allowance. In order to realize deferred tax assets, the Company must be able to generate sufficient taxable income of the appropriate character in the jurisdictions in which the deferred tax assets are located. The Company recognizes tax benefits only for tax positions that are more likely than not to be sustained upon examination by tax authorities. The amount recognized is measured as the largest amount of benefit that is greater than 50 percent likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement. Unrecognized tax benefits are tax benefits claimed in the Company's tax returns that do not meet these recognition and measurement standards. Assumptions, judgment, and the use of estimates are required in determining whether the "more likely than not" standard has been met when developing the provision for income taxes. If certain pending tax matters settle within the next twelve months, the total amount of unrecognized tax benefits may increase or decrease for all open tax years and jurisdictions. Audit outcomes and the timing of audit settlements are subject to significant uncertainty. The Company continually assesses the likelihood and amount of potential adjustments and adjusts the income tax provision, the current taxes payable and deferred taxes in the period in which the facts that give rise to a revision become known. Prior to the spin-off, we computed the provision for income taxes as if we filed separate tax returns, which applies the accounting guidance for income taxes to the stand-alone financial statements as if we were a separate taxpayer and stand-alone enterprise. The Separate Return Method applies the accounting guidance for income taxes to the stand-alone financial statements as if the Company was a separate taxpayer and a stand-alone enterprise for the periods presented. The Company’s operations were included in the income tax returns of ADP for U.S. federal income tax purposes and with respect to certain consolidated, combined, unitary, or similar group filings for U.S. state and local and certain foreign tax jurisdictions. The payment of income tax by ADP on the Company's behalf was recorded within group equity on the combined balance sheets as of September 30, 2014 . In addition, the Company files on a stand-alone basis with respect to certain other state and local and foreign jurisdictions in accordance with the taxing jurisdiction’s filing requirements. Subsequent to the spin-off, the Company files its own U.S. federal, state, and foreign income tax returns. F. Stock-Based Compensation Prior to the spin-off, all employee equity awards (stock options and restricted stock) were granted by ADP. All subsequent awards were granted under the Company's 2014 Omnibus Award Plan (" 2014 Plan"). Subsequent to the spin-off, the Company recognizes stock-based compensation expense in net earnings based on the fair value of the award on the date of the grant. The fair value of each stock option issued is estimated on the date of grant using a binomial option pricing model. The binomial model considers a range of assumptions related to volatility, risk-free interest rates, and employee exercise behavior. Expected volatilities utilized in this model are based on a combination of implied market volatilities and other factors. The dividend yield was based on historical experience and expected future dividend payments. The risk-free rate is derived from the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant. This model also incorporates exercise and forfeiture assumptions based on an analysis of historical data. The expected life of the stock option grants represents the period of time that options granted are expected to be outstanding on the date of grant. Prior to the spin-off, the Company determined the fair value of stock options issued using a binomial option-pricing model and recognized stock-based compensation expense in net earnings based on the fair value of the award on the date of grant. Expected volatilities utilized in this were based on a combination of implied market volatilities, historical volatility of ADP’s stock price, and other factors. Similarly, the dividend yield was based on ADP's historical experience and expected future changes. The risk-free rate was derived from the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant. This model incorporated exercise and forfeiture assumptions based on an analysis of historical data. The expected life of a stock option grant was derived from the output of the binomial model and represented the period of time that options granted are expected to be outstanding. G. Cash and Cash Equivalents Investment securities with an original maturity of three months or less at the time of purchase are considered cash equivalents. Prior to the spin-off, the Company participated in a centralized approach to cash management and financing of operations governed by ADP. The Company’s cash was available for use and was regularly “swept” by ADP. Transfers of cash both to and from ADP are reflected as a financing activity in the consolidated and combined statements of cash flows and as Parent company’s net investment in the combined balance sheet as of June 30, 2014 . H. Accounts Receivable, Net Accounts receivable, net is comprised of trade receivables and lease receivables, net of allowances. Trade receivables consist of amounts due to the Company in the normal course of business, which are not collateralized and do not bear interest. Lease receivables primarily relate to sales-type leases arising from the sale of hardware elements in bundled DMS or other integrated solutions. Lease receivables represent the current portion of the present value of the minimum lease payments at the beginning of the lease term. The long-term portion of the present value of the minimum lease payments is included within other assets on the consolidated and combined balance sheets. The Company considers lease receivables to be a single portfolio segment. The accounts receivable allowances for both trade receivables and lease receivables are estimated based on historical collection experience, an analysis of the age of outstanding accounts receivable, and credit issuance experience. Receivables are considered past due if payment is not received by the date agreed upon with the customer. Write-offs are made when management believes it is probable a receivable will not be recovered. I. Notes Receivable from ADP and its Affiliates and Notes Payable to ADP and its Affiliates The amounts recorded in the financial statements as notes receivable from ADP and its affiliates and notes payable to ADP and its affiliates represent amounts that were receivable or payable under contractual arrangements. The interest rates on these notes were based on the AA rating for the currency of the loan and were based on market indices from Bloomberg (average yield for debt outstanding of similar maturities). The standard term of these notes was two years with an option to extend by one year for a maximum of two additional years. J. Deferred Costs Costs to deliver services are expensed to cost of revenues as incurred with the exception of specific costs directly related to transition or installation activities, including the payroll related costs for the Company's implementation and training teams, as well as commission costs for the sale. These costs are deferred and expensed proportionately over the same period that deferred revenues are recognized as revenues. Deferred amounts are monitored regularly to ensure appropriate asset and expense recognition. Current deferred costs classified within other current assets on the consolidated and combined balance sheets were $105.3 million and $120.3 million as of June 30, 2015 and June 30, 2014 , respectively. Long-term deferred costs classified within other assets on the consolidated and combined balance sheets were $144.7 million and $166.8 million as of June 30, 2015 and June 30, 2014 , respectively. K. Time Deposits From time to time, the Company enters into various time deposit agreements whereby certain funds on deposit with financial institutions may not be withdrawn for a specified period of time. Time deposits with original maturity periods greater than three months are included within other current assets on the consolidated balance sheet. As of June 30, 2015 , the Company had time deposits of $ 5.8 million . L. Property, Plant and Equipment, Net Property, plant and equipment, net is stated at cost and depreciated over the estimated useful lives of the assets using the straight-line method. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of the term of the lease or the estimated useful lives of the improvements. The estimated useful lives of assets are primarily as follows: Buildings 20 to 40 years Furniture and fixtures 3 to 7 years Data processing equipment 2 to 5 years M. Goodwill Goodwill is not amortized, but is instead tested for impairment annually and whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying value may not be recoverable. We test goodwill for impairment at the reporting unit level. A reporting unit is an operating segment or a component of an operating segment. Our operating segments are our reporting units as the components of our operating segments are economically similar with respect to operating margin, type or class of customer, nature of product or service, manner in which the components conduct business, and the extent to which assets and resources are shared. We perform this impairment test by first comparing the fair value of each reporting unit to its carrying amount. If the carrying value for a reporting unit exceeds its fair value, we then compare the implied fair value of our goodwill to the carrying amount in order to determine the amount of the impairment, if any. We estimate the fair value of our reporting units by weighting the results from the income approach, which is the present value of expected cash flows discounted at a risk-adjusted weighted-average cost of capital, and the market approach, which uses market multiples of companies in similar lines of business. These valuation approaches require significant judgment and consider a number of factors including assumptions about the future growth and profitability of our reporting units, the determination of appropriate comparable publicly traded companies in our industry, discount rates, and terminal growth rates. N. Impairment of Long-Lived Assets Long-lived assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of an asset group to estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to be generated by the asset group. If the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its estimated future cash flows, an impairment charge is recognized for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the fair value. O. Internal Use Software The Company’s policy provides for the capitalization of external direct costs of materials and services associated with developing or obtaining internal use computer software. In addition, the Company’s policy also provides for the capitalization of certain payroll and payroll-related costs for employees who are directly associated with the internal use computer software projects. The amount of capitalizable payroll costs with respect to these employees is limited to the time directly spent on such projects. Costs associated with preliminary project stage activities, training, maintenance, and all other post-implementation stage activities are expensed as incurred. The Company also expenses internal costs related to minor upgrades and enhancements, as it is impracticable to separate these costs from normal maintenance activities. P. Computer Software to be Sold, Leased, or Otherwise Marketed The Company’s policy provides for the capitalization of certain costs of computer software to be sold, leased, or otherwise marketed. The Company’s policy provides for the capitalization of all software production costs upon reaching technological feasibility for a specific product. Technological feasibility is attained when software products have a completed working model whose consistency with the overall product design has been confirmed by testing. Costs incurred prior to the establishment of technological feasibility are expensed as incurred. The establishment of technological feasibility requires judgment by management and in many instances is only attained a short time prior to the general release of the software. Maintenance-related costs are expensed as incurred. Pursuant to this policy, the Company incurred expenses of $170.1 million , $165.7 million , and $156.4 million for fiscal 2015 , 2014 , and 2013 , respectively. These expenses were classified within cost of revenues on the consolidated and combined statements of operations. Q. Foreign Currency The net assets of the Company’s foreign subsidiaries are translated into U.S. dollars based on exchange rates in effect for each period, and revenues and expenses are translated at average exchange rates in the periods. Gains or losses from balance sheet translation are included in accumulated other comprehensive income on the consolidated and combined balance sheets. Currency transaction gains or losses relate to intercompany loans denominated in a currency other than that of the loan counterparty, which do not eliminate upon consolidation. Currency transaction gains or losses are included within other income, net on the consolidated and combined statements of operations. R. Fair Value Measurements Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. Valuation techniques used to measure fair value must maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. A fair value hierarchy has been established based on three levels of inputs, of which the first two are considered observable and the last unobservable. • Level 1: Inputs that are based upon quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. • Level 2: Inputs, other than quoted prices included within Level 1, which are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. • Level 3: Unobservable inputs where there is little or no market activity for the asset or liability. These inputs reflect management's best estimate of what market participants would use to price the assets or liabilities at the measurement date. The Company determines the fair value of financial instruments in accordance with ASC 820, "Fair Value Measurements." Such standards define fair value and establish a framework for measuring fair value in accordance with GAAP. Cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, other current assets, accounts payable, and other current liabilities are reflected in the consolidated and combined balance sheets at cost, which approximates fair value due to the short-term nature of these instruments. The carrying value of the Company's term loan facility (as described in Note 14), including accrued interest, approximates fair value based on the Company's current estimated incremental borrowing rate for similar types of arrangements. The approximate aggregate fair value of our senior notes as of June 30, 2015 was $747.8 million based on quoted market prices for the same or similar instruments compared to a carrying value of $750.0 million . The term loan facility and the senior notes are considered Level 2 fair value measurements in the fair value hierarchy. S. Concentrations The C ompany maintains deposits in federally insured financial institutions in excess of federally insured limits. The Company maintains deposits in a diversified group of financial institutions, has not experienced any losses to date, and monitors the credit ratings of the primary depository institutions where deposits reside. For fiscal 2015 , revenues to one customer represented approximately 10% of the Company's revenues. Revenues from this customer were primarily generated by our Digital Marketing segment. |