Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | 1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Description of Business State National Companies, Inc. (the “Company”) refers to a group of companies that conduct insurance-related activities along two major segments. The Company’s Program Services segment generates fee income, in the form of ceding fees, by offering issuing carrier capacity to both specialty general agents and other producers (“GAs”), who sell, control, and administer books of insurance business that are supported by third parties that assume reinsurance risk. Substantially all of the risk associated with the Program Services segment is ceded to unaffiliated, highly rated reinsurance companies or other reinsurers that provide collateral. The Company’s Lender Services segment involves the writing and insuring of lines of insurance marketed to lending institutions, primarily collateral protection insurance (“CPI”) policies. Principles of Consolidation The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Basis of Presentation The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”), which, as to our insurance company subsidiaries, differ from statutory accounting practices prescribed or permitted for insurance companies by insurance regulatory authorities. Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires the Company’s management (“Management”) to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the dates of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Actual results could differ materially from these estimates. Fair Value of Financial Instruments Cash and Cash Equivalents: The carrying amounts reported in the consolidated balance sheets approximate fair value. Restricted Cash and Investments: The carrying amounts reported in the consolidated balance sheets approximate fair value. Short-term Investments: The carrying amounts reported in the consolidated balance sheets approximate fair value. Investments : See Note 9 – “Fair Value Measurements” Land held for sale : The land held for sale is carried at fair value less expected selling costs. Payables and Receivables : Reinsurance recoverable on paid losses, reinsurance recoverables, agents’ balances receivable and payable, and payable to insurance companies are carried at cost, which approximates fair value. Subordinated Debentures: The amounts reported in the consolidated balance sheets are carried at par, which approximates their estimated fair value due to the floating interest rate provisions of the debt instruments. Income taxes receivable/payable : The carrying amounts reported in the consolidated balance sheets approximate fair value. Other assets/liabilities : The carrying amounts reported in the consolidated balance sheets approximate fair value. Cash and Cash Equivalents All highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less are considered cash equivalents. Short-Term Investments Short-term investments represent liquid investments with original maturities of more than three months but less than one year. Restricted Cash and Investments Restricted cash and investments are primarily comprised of deposits made by a reinsurer that cover losses for a program up to the contractual threshold. These fiduciary cash and investment balances are invested at the direction of the reinsurer for this program; accordingly, income earned on these balances inures to the benefit of the reinsurer. Investments Investments are considered available-for-sale and are carried at fair value. The Company measures the fair value of the investments based upon quoted market prices from an independent pricing service and its third-party investment managers, using observable market information. The cost of securities sold is based on the specific identification method. Unrealized gains and losses associated with the available-for-sale portfolio, as a result of temporary changes in fair value during the period such investments are held, are reflected net of income taxes and reported in other comprehensive income as a separate component of shareholders’ equity. Unrealized losses associated with the available-for-sale portfolio that are deemed to be other-than-temporary are charged to income in the period in which the other-than-temporary impairment is determined. Debt security premiums and discounts are amortized into earnings using the effective-interest method. The Company evaluates its investment portfolio for impairments of individual securities that are deemed to be other-than-temporary. Fixed maturity securities that are determined to have other-than-temporary impairment and it is more likely than not the Company will sell before recovery of their amortized cost, are written down to fair value and the entire amount of the write-down is included in net income, net of realized investment gains. For all other impaired fixed-maturity securities, the impairment loss is separated into the amount representing the credit loss and the amount representing all other factors. The amount of impairment loss that represents the credit loss is included in net income, net of realized investment gains. The amount of the impairment loss that relates to all other factors is included in other comprehensive income. Equity securities that are determined to have other-than-temporary impairment are recognized in net income, net of realized investment gains. The process for identifying other-than-temporary declines in fair value involves the consideration of several factors, including, but not limited to, whether the issuer has been downgraded to below investment-grade, the length of time in which there has been a significant decline in value, the liquidity and overall financial condition of the issuer, the nature and performance of the collateral or other credit support backing the security, the significance of the decline in value, and whether the Company has the intent to sell the security or may be required to sell the security prior to its anticipated recovery. The Company reviews securities for other-than-temporary impairment internally and with its investment advisors. The Company invests in convertible securities that have embedded derivatives. Derivatives embedded within non-derivative instruments, such as options embedded in convertible fixed maturity securities, are bifurcated from the host instrument when the embedded derivative meets the criteria for bifurcation. However, for reporting purposes, these embedded derivatives are presented together with the host contract and carried at estimated fair value. Changes in the estimated fair value of the embedded derivatives are reflected in “Realized net investment gains” in the consolidated statements of income, while changes in the estimated fair value of the underlying fixed maturity securities are reflected in “Unrealized holding gains (losses)” in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income. Deferred Acquisition Costs Certain costs, primarily premium taxes, commissions, and general expenses that are directly related to the successful acquisition of new or renewal business are deferred to the extent recoverable from future premiums earned. Deferred acquisition costs are amortized in proportion to the related unearned premium reserve over the terms of the related policies. Investment income is not included in the Company’s recoverability analysis of deferred acquisition costs. Deferred Ceding Fees Ceding fees that are associated with unearned premiums are established as a liability and earned pro rata over the life of the underlying business. Property, Equipment, and Depreciation Property and equipment are recorded at cost and depreciated. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets (ranging from three to twenty years). The Company changed its capitalization threshold as of January 1, 2014 from $1 thousand to $5 thousand per item. Gains and losses on the disposition of fixed assets are determined on a specific asset identification basis and are included in net income. Land held for sale is carried at fair value less expected selling costs. Goodwill and Intangible Assets Goodwill is the difference between the purchase price in a business combination and the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed, and is not amortized. Intangible assets include assets with a finite life, primarily customer relationships/lists, and are amortized over the estimated useful life of the asset in proportion to the expected benefit. Goodwill is tested for impairment on an annual basis or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. The impairment test is performed using a two-step process. In the first step, the fair value of a reporting unit is compared to its carrying value. If the carrying value of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value, the second step of the impairment test is performed for purposes of measuring the impairment. In the second step, the fair value of the reporting unit is allocated to all of the assets and liabilities of the reporting unit to determine an implied goodwill value. If the carrying amount of the reporting unit goodwill exceeds the implied goodwill value, an impairment loss is recognized in an amount equal to that excess. As of December 31, 2015, the Company performed the first step of its annual goodwill assessment for the individual reporting units to which goodwill is allocated and determined there is no impairment of goodwill. The Company periodically evaluates the recoverability of intangible assets and takes into account events or circumstances that warrant revised estimates of useful lives or that indicate that impairment exists. No impairments were recognized in 2015, 2014 or 2013. Unpaid Losses and Loss Adjustment Expenses The liability for unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses (“LAE”) includes an estimate for claims reported and an additional liability for claims incurred but not reported, based on the Company’s historical loss experience. While Management believes the amounts included in the consolidated financial statements are adequate, such estimates may be more or less than the amount ultimately paid when the claims are settled. These estimates are continually reviewed and adjusted, as necessary, as experience develops or as new information becomes known; such adjustments are included in current operations. Allowance for Policy Cancellations An allowance for policy cancellations is provided for the estimated amount of return premiums and policy fees, net of commission expense and premium taxes that will be incurred on expected future policy cancellations associated with the Company’s CPI business. The allowance is based on the Company’s historical cancellation experience. While Management believes the amounts included in the consolidated financial statements are adequate, such estimates may be more or less than the amounts ultimately refunded. The estimates are continually reviewed by Management, and any changes are reflected in current operations. Reinsurance Reinsurance premiums, losses, and loss adjustment expenses are accounted for on bases consistent with those used in accounting for the original policies issued and the terms of the reinsurance contracts. Earnings Per Share The computation of earnings per share is based upon the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period plus the effect of common shares potentially issuable (in periods in which they have a dilutive effect). Earnings per share have been adjusted to reflect a 736 for 1 stock split in the form of a stock dividend on June 23, 2014. Income Taxes Prior to June 25, 2014, the Company had elected for its parent company to be taxed for federal income tax purposes as a “Subchapter S corporation” under the Internal Revenue Code. On June 25, 2014, the Company completed a private placement of common stock, which resulted in the termination of its Subchapter S corporation status. Prior to this change in tax status, deferred income taxes were recorded only on the Company’s insurance subsidiaries (and their immediate parent) to reflect the tax consequences on future years of differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their financial reporting amounts at each year-end. Prior to June 25, 2014 all other entities included in the consolidated group filed under Subchapter S Corporation status; therefore, no provision for income taxes had been recorded for these entities. On June 25, 2014 the Company recorded a net deferred income tax benefit related to this change in tax status to reflect the tax consequences on future years of differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their financial reporting amounts. For any uncertain tax positions not meeting the “more likely than not” recognition threshold, accounting standards require recognition, measurement, and disclosure in the financial statements. There were no uncertain tax positions at December 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014. Income Recognition Premiums on CPI business are earned on a pro rata basis over the terms of the policies after taking into consideration the allowance for policy cancellations. Premiums on Program Services business are earned on a pro rata basis over the terms of the policies. Ceding fees are earned on the same basis as the underlying premiums. Program Services In connection with writing Program Services business, the Company enters into contractual agreements with both the producing general agents and the reinsurers, whereby the general agents and reinsurers are obligated to each other for payment of insurance amounts, including premiums, commissions, and losses. These funds do not flow through the Company, but are settled directly between the general agent and the reinsurer; accordingly, no receivables or payables are recorded for these amounts. All obligations of SNIC, NSIC, and USIC owed to or on behalf of their policyholders are recorded by the Company and, to the extent appropriate, offsetting reinsurance recoverables are recorded. Minimum Ceding Fees Minimum ceding fees are fees the Company receives pursuant to contractual minimum premium requirements for certain programs where either significant premium capacity is reserved for that program or where the expected premium volume is not reasonably assured. For those programs where a minimum applies, the ceding fees are considered as two distinct pieces: 1) “premium related fees,” which are earned as the associated gross written premium is earned, typically pro rata on an annual basis; and (2) “capacity fees,” which are determined based on the shortfall, if any, between the program’s contractual annual premium minimum and the amount of premium estimated to be written in the contract year, which fees are earned over the contract year. Minimum ceding fees earned are based on estimates of annual premiums to be written for those programs that are subject to minimum premium levels and related ceding fees. These estimates are based upon various assumptions made regarding the production plans for the underlying program. These assumptions are reviewed by Management and the amount of annual premiums expected to be written are re-estimated as needed. As actual premiums emerge and revisions are made to earlier estimates, minimum ceding fees are earned or reversed and are reflected in current operations. Stock-based Compensation Compensation expense for stock-based payments is recognized based on the measurement-date fair value for awards that will settle in shares. Compensation expense for awards that are settled in equity are recognized on a straight line pro rata basis over the vesting period. See Note 15 — “Stock-based Payments” for related disclosures. Recent Accounting Pronouncements In May 2014, the FASB issued an accounting standards update (ASU 2014-09), “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” (Topic 606). The core guidance of the ASU presents a comprehensive revenue recognition model that requires a company to recognize revenue to depict the transfer of goods or services to a customer at an amount that reflects the consideration it expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services. The ASU provides a five-step analysis of transactions to determine when and how revenue is recognized and requires additional disclosures sufficient to describe the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows for these transactions. In August 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-14 to defer the effective date to annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim reporting periods within that period. Earlier application is permitted only as of annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016, including interim reporting periods within that reporting period. As insurance contracts are excluded from this ASU, the Company is currently evaluating what impact, if any, this ASU will have on financial results and disclosures and which adoption method to apply. In June 2014, the FASB issued an accounting standards update (ASU 2014-12), “Compensation – Stock Compensation” (Topic 718). The main provision of this ASU requires that a performance target that affects vesting and that could be achieved after the requisite service period be treated as a performance condition. Compensation cost should be recognized in the period in which it becomes probable that the performance target will be achieved and should represent the compensation cost attributable to the period(s) for which the requisite service has already been rendered. If the performance target becomes probable of being achieved before the end of the requisite service period, the remaining unrecognized compensation cost should be recognized prospectively over the remaining requisite service period. This ASU is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2015 and interim periods within those annual periods. The Company awarded performance based stock compensation on March 30, 2015. The Company expects the impact of this pronouncement to be minimal. In April 2015, the FASB issued an accounting standards update (ASU 2015-03), “Interest – Imputation of Interest” (Topic 835). The new guidance requires that debt issuance costs related to a recognized debt liability be presented in the balance sheet as a direct deduction from the carrying amount of that debt liability, consistent with debt discounts. The guidance in ASU 2015-03 does not address presentation or subsequent measurement of debt issuance costs related to line-of-credit arrangements. The FASB therefore issued ASU 2015-15 “Interest—Imputation of Interest (Subtopic 835-30): Presentation and Subsequent Measurement of Debt Issuance Costs Associated with Line-of-Credit Arrangements,” which clarified that the SEC staff would not object to an entity deferring and presenting debt issuance costs as an asset and subsequently amortizing the deferred debt issuance costs ratably over the term of the line-of-credit arrangement, regardless of whether there are any outstanding borrowings on the line-of-credit arrangement. For public business entities, the guidance is effective for annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2015. Early adoption is permitted. The Company does not plan to early adopt and expects the impact of this pronouncement to be minimal. In May 2015, the FASB issued an accounting standards update (ASU 2015-09), “ Disclosures about Short-Duration Contracts” (Topic 944) intended to make targeted improvements to disclosure requirements for insurance companies that issue short-duration contracts. The amendments in this update are expected to increase transparency of significant estimates made in measuring those liabilities, improve comparability by requiring consistent disclosure of information, and provide financial statement users with additional information to facilitate analysis of the amount, timing, and uncertainty of cash flows arising from contracts issued by insurance entities and the development of loss reserve estimates. This ASU will be effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2015, and interim periods within annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016. The Company is currently evaluating what impact this ASU will have on disclosures. In June 2015, the FASB issued an accounting standards update (ASU 2015-10), “Technical Corrections and Improvements.” The amendments in this update represent changes to clarify the codification, correct unintended application of guidance, or make minor improvements to the codification that are not expected to have a significant effect on current accounting practice or create a significant administrative cost to most entities. Additionally, some of the amendments will make the codification easier to understand and easier to apply by eliminating inconsistencies, providing needed clarifications, and improving the presentation of guidance in the codification. This ASU will be effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2015. Early adoption is permitted. The Company does not plan to early adopt and expects the impact of this pronouncement to be minimal. |