Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (a) Cash and Cash Equivalents Cash and cash equivalents consist of short-term, highly liquid investments with an original maturity date of three months or less when purchased. Cash equivalents primarily include money market funds and certificates of deposit. (b) Restricted Cash Restricted cash primarily consists of cash collateral securing letters of credit for airport facility leases. (c) Receivables, net Receivables, net includes credit card and other receivables. Credit card holdbacks and related receivables are amounts due from credit card processors associated with sales for future travel and are carried at cost. Under the terms of the Company’s credit card processing agreements, certain proceeds from advance ticket sales were held back to serve as collateral by the credit card processors, due to the Company’s credit and in part to cover any possible refunds or chargebacks that may occur. These holdbacks are short-term, as the travel for which they relate occurs within twelve months. In June 2015, the Company entered into agreements with its credit card processors to reduce the holdback requirements to 0% and the $100.0 million Letter of Credit Facility was terminated. The credit card processors have the right to increase the credit card holdback amount in the future depending on the Company's financial condition. As of December 31, 2015 , the Company recorded $9.3 million in credit card receivables. As of December 31, 2014 , the Company had no net holdbacks outstanding as a result of the Letter of Credit Facility, and $9.6 million of credit card receivables. (d) Derivative Financial Instruments The Company accounts for fuel derivative financial instruments at fair value and recognizes such instruments in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets in other current assets under prepaid expenses and other assets if the total net unsettled fair value balance is in a gain position, or other current liabilities if in a net loss position. Interest rate swaps are accounted for and reported in a similar manner. For derivatives designated as cash flow hedges, changes in fair value of the derivative are reported in other comprehensive income and are subsequently reclassified into earnings within aircraft fuel expense for fuel derivatives and within interest expense for interest rate swaps when the hedged item affects earnings. For derivatives that are not designated as cash flow hedges, the Company records changes in the fair value of such derivative contracts within aircraft fuel expense or within interest expense in the accompanying statements of operations. These amounts include both realized gains and losses and mark-to-market adjustments of the fair value of derivative instruments not yet settled at the end of each period. At maturity, gains or losses on fuel derivatives will be fully recognized in realized gains and losses in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations, and gain or losses on interest rate swaps will be amortized over the term of the underlying loan from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income to realized gains and losses in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. (e) Impairment of Long-Lived Assets The Company evaluates its long-lived assets used in operations for impairment when events and circumstances indicate that the undiscounted cash flows to be generated by that asset are less than the carrying amounts of the asset and may not be recoverable. Factors that would indicate potential impairment include, but are not limited to, significant decreases in the market value of the long-lived asset, a significant change in the long-lived asset’s physical condition and operating or cash flow losses associated with the use of the long-lived asset. If an asset is deemed to be impaired, an impairment loss is recorded for the excess of the asset book value in relation to its estimated fair value. (f) Property and Equipment The Company records its property and equipment at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization, and depreciates these assets on a straight-line basis to their estimated residual values over their estimated useful lives. Additions and modifications that enhance the operating performance of assets are capitalized. Leasehold improvements generally are amortized on a straight-line basis over the shorter of the estimated useful life of the improvement or the remaining term of the lease. The Company had $72.1 million and $42.8 million of aircraft equipment as of December 31, 2015 and 2014 and recorded $7.5 million , $6.1 million and $6.3 million depreciation expense for the years ended December 31, 2015 , 2014 and 2013 . The Company capitalizes certain costs related to the acquisition and development of computer software for internal use. These costs are amortized using the straight-line method over the estimated useful life of the software, generally one to three years . Software and licenses were $13.1 million and $10.8 million as of December 31, 2015 and 2014 , respectively. Amortization expense associated with software and licenses were $5.6 million , $4.3 million , and $3.0 million in 2015 , 2014 and 2013 , respectively. Estimated useful lives and residual values for property and equipment are as follows: Classification in accompanying Estimated useful life Residual Purchased airframes and engines Flight equipment 25 years 15% Aircraft equipment Flight equipment Lesser of useful life or 0% Building leasehold improvements Ground and other equipment Lesser of 10 years or 0% Software and licenses Ground and other equipment 1-3 years 0% Computer and network equipment Ground and other equipment 3-7 years 0% Office furniture and other equipment Ground and other equipment 5-10 years 0% In 2015 , the Company purchased $244.4 million of aircraft airframes and engines, of which $49.1 million related to aircraft not yet placed into service as of December 31, 2015 . Depreciation expense associated with these assets was $1.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2015 . (g) Capitalized Interest on Pre-Delivery Payments for Flight Equipment Interest attributable to funds used to finance the acquisition of new aircraft (i.e. pre-delivery payments) are capitalized as an additional cost of the related asset two years prior to the intended delivery date, when the Company estimates that the aircraft are being manufactured. Interest is capitalized at the Company’s weighted-average interest rate on long-term debt or, where applicable, the interest rate related to specific borrowings. Capitalization of interest ceases and expensing commences when the asset is ready for its intended use. (h) Intangible Assets Intangible assets are comprised of domestic airport slots and operating rights in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. The assets are recorded as indefinite-lived due to the Company's ability to renew the slots on an unlimited basis, the expectation that the slots will contribute positive cash flows for an indefinite period of time, and the Company's recent significant growth in certain slot-controlled airports. Due to the assignment of slots as indefinite-lived, the assets are not amortized but instead are tested for impairment annually or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate impairment. The Company applies a fair-value-based impairment test to the carrying value of indefinite-lived intangible assets on an annual basis as of October 1, or more frequently if certain events or circumstances indicate that an impairment loss may have been incurred. The FASB standard “Testing Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets for Impairment” gives companies the option to perform a qualitative assessment to determine whether it is more likely than not that an indefinite-lived intangible asset is impaired rather than calculating the fair value of the indefinite-lived intangible asset. The Company can utilize a quantitative or qualitative approach to determine impairment. If a qualitative approach is used, the Company will analyze various factors to determine if events and circumstances have affected the fair value of the goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets. Such triggering events may include significant changes to the Company’s network or capacity or other changes impacting slot utilization and valuation. If the Company determines it is more likely than not that the asset value may be impaired under the qualitative approach, then additional quantitative analysis will be performed to assess the asset’s fair value and amount of impairment. (i) Deferred Rent and Deferred Rent Credits Deferred rent and deferred rent credits are included in current and non-current other assets or liabilities in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets based on the timing of when amounts are due or will be recognized. Deferred rent represents the Company’s recognition of rent leveling under its operating leases on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Deferred rent credits are primarily related to aircraft manufacturer incentives, deferred gains and losses on sale and leaseback transactions and aircraft lease incentives. The Company receives manufacturer incentives on aircraft that are recognized as prepaid assets, with an offsetting deferred rent credit for leased aircraft. The prepaid asset is charged to expense as the credits are used and the deferred credit is recognized as a reduction in aircraft rent expense over the lease term. The Company also periodically receives certain manufacturer incentives in connection with the acquisition of aircraft and engines. These incentives are deferred until the aircraft and engines are delivered and then applied as a reduction of the cost of the related equipment. Gains and losses on aircraft sale and leaseback transactions are deferred and amortized over the terms of the related leases as an adjustment to aircraft rent expense. In connection with the 2013 Recapitalization, since the Company amended its aircraft leases and extended lease terms, a number of aircraft and engine major maintenance events that were previously estimated to occur after the original lease term are now expected to occur within the extended lease term. These lease incentives were recorded as an increase to aircraft maintenance deposits and an increase to other liabilities in the Company’s consolidated balance sheet in 2013. The Company determined that a lease incentive resulted from the lease extension when the amount expected to be reimbursed in the future exceeds the amount of maintenance deposit currently on the balance sheet plus any future payments to be made through the date of the qualifying maintenance event. Any excess amount was recorded as an incentive to the extent there were supplemental rent payments made during the lease term that had previously been expensed. The Company calculated its lease incentives on a maintenance-event-by-maintenance-event basis, consistent with the manner in which supplemental rent payments are made to the lessors. The Company also has several leases for aircraft that were used before they were leased by the Company. Upon the occurrence of a maintenance event, the lessor will fund the cost of maintenance events for the periods in use prior to the commencement of the Company’s lease for such aircraft. Consistent across all aircraft leases, the estimated value of the Company’s rights under the lease to receive reimbursement for these maintenance events is recorded as a lease incentive with an offsetting liability that is amortized as a reduction in aircraft rent over the term of the related leases. (j) License Fee Liability In connection with the 2014 Recapitalization, the Company and certain entities affiliated with the Virgin Group entered into amended and restated license agreements related to the use of the Virgin name and brand, which provided for, among other things, an increase in the quarterly license fee that the Company pays to the Virgin Group from 0.5% to 0.7% of total revenue commencing in the first quarter of 2016 until annual revenue exceeds $4.5 billion . The Company recorded the fair value of the increase in the license fee of $34.1 million as a component of equity with an offsetting increase in other long-term liabilities as it constituted part of the consideration to the Virgin Group for completing the 2014 Recapitalization. The Company estimated the incremental license fee obligation based on the present value of the additional cash flows of 0.2% of estimated total revenue over the estimated period required to reach the $4.5 billion threshold, using a discount rate based on airline specific weighted-average cost of capital, factoring in a judgmental risk spread based on a variety of cash flow estimates. The Company will commence amortizing this liability as an offset to the increase in license fees in proportion to forecast revenues over the 12 year estimated life of the increased royalty rate. (k) Revenue Recognition The Company generates the majority of its revenue from sales of passenger tickets. The Company initially defers ticket sales as air traffic liability and recognizes passenger revenue when the passenger flight occurs. Passenger revenue also includes upgrade fees, which are recognized when the related flights occur. Tickets expire one year from the date of issuance, if unused by the passenger. Travel credits are also issued to passengers for certain changes to flights if a residual value exists after application of any applicable change fee. Travel credits also expire one year from the date of issuance. The Company estimates and records advanced breakage for tickets and travel credits that it expects will expire unused. These estimates are based upon the Company’s historical experience of expired tickets and travel credits and consider other facts, such as recent aging trends, program changes and modifications that could affect the ultimate expiration patterns of tickets and travel credits. Other revenue consists of baggage fees, change fees, seat selection fees, passenger-related service fees, and inflight meals and entertainment. The Company recognizes revenue for baggage fee, seat selection fee, and passenger-related service fees when the associated flight occurs. Change fee revenues are recognized as they occur. The Company is also required to collect certain taxes and fees from passengers on behalf of government agencies and remit these to the applicable agency on a periodic basis. These taxes and fees include U.S. federal transportation taxes, federal security charges and airport passenger facility charges. These taxes and fees are collected from passengers when they purchase a ticket, but are not included in passenger revenue. The Company records a liability upon collection and relieves the liability when payments are remitted to the applicable government agency. The Company’s Elevate ® loyalty program provides frequent flyer travel awards to program members based upon accumulated points. Points are accumulated as a result of travel, purchases using the co-branded credit card and purchases from other participating partners. The program has an 18 -month expiration period for unused points from the month of last account activity. For all points earned under the Elevate program, the Company has an obligation to provide future travel when these reward points are redeemed. With respect to points earned as a result of travel, or flown points, the Company recognizes a liability and a corresponding sales and marketing expense, representing the incremental cost associated with the obligation to provide travel in the future, as points are earned by passengers. The Company offers redemption of points for Elevate program members through travel on its own flights and its partner airlines. Incremental cost for points to be redeemed on flights is estimated based upon historical costs, which include the cost of fuel, passenger fees, complimentary beverages, insurance, miscellaneous passenger supplies and other airline payments. The Company adjusts its liability periodically for changes in estimates of incremental cost, average points to redeem and breakage estimates. The Company accounts for member points sold to partners, or sold points, including points related to participation in other providers’ affinity loyalty programs and member purchases with partner credit card companies as multiple-element arrangements. These arrangements have historically consisted of two elements: transportation and brand marketing-related activities. The transportation element represents the fair value of the travel that the Company will ultimately provide when the sold points are redeemed. The brand and marketing element consists of brand marketing related activities conducted with participating partners. For points earned from purchases through the original co-branded credit card agreement (“Original Co-Branded Agreement’), the Company recorded deferred revenue using the residual method. The fair value of a point is estimated using the average points redeemed and the estimated value of purchased tickets. The Company recognizes points redeemed as passenger revenue when the awards are redeemed and the related travel occurs. The Company recognizes the residual portion, if any, upon sale of points as other revenue associated with the other marketing services delivered. In 2013, the Company entered into a new co-branded credit card agreement with a new partner (“New Co-Branded Agreement”). The New Co-Branded Agreement has a seven -year term, which began January 1, 2014, when the new co-branded card was introduced and services to members began. Services with standalone value provided under this agreement include: (i) points (i.e. the travel component); (ii) advertising; (iii) companion certificates for annual travel discounts up to $150 ; (iv) unlimited access to the use of the Company’s brand and customer list; (v) waived bag fees, which are limited to the first checked bag for the cardholder and its companion traveling on the same flight purchased using the card; (vi) unlimited waived change fees provided the ticket is purchased using the premium card; and (vii) unlimited discounts on purchases made through the Company’s Red ® inflight entertainment system using the co-branded credit card. Under the New Co-Branded Agreement, the credit card partner is required to provide annual guaranteed advance payments over the contract term. Any unearned advance at the end of the calendar year is carried over to the following year until the contract expires. At the end of the contract, the Company has no obligation to refund any unearned advances to the partner. As of December 31, 2015 and 2014 , advances exceeding the revenue recognition model limits were recorded as air traffic liability for $11.3 million and $8.5 million , respectively. Under the revenue recognition rules for multiple element arrangements, the Company determines best estimated selling price (“BESP”) of each element and allocates the arrangement consideration using the relative selling price of each element. Based upon the preliminary valuation of the New Co-Branded Agreement, the majority of the value is attributable to points (i.e. the travel component, advertising, brand and customer list), for which the BESP is determined using management and market assumptions, as well as other judgments necessary to determine the estimated selling price of each element. When developing the relative selling price allocation attributable to the points (i.e. travel component), the Company primarily considered the total number of points expected to be issued, the BESP for points (specifically the value at which points could be redeemed for free or discounted travel), the number of points expected to be redeemed and the timing of redemptions. The BESP for points is derived based upon management estimate of the redemption rate used by its guests to convert points into the equivalent ticket value for travel on either Virgin America, or one of its airline partners. This estimate also considered anticipated point devaluation and discounting factors driven by redemption timing. For advertising, brand and customer list, the Company considered advertising activities, brand power, the size of the Company’s customer list as well as the market royalty rate for equivalent programs. Management estimates of the BESP will not change, but the allocation between elements may change based upon changes in the ultimate volume of sales of each element during the term of the contract. The Company recognizes and records revenue for the majority of the travel related elements in accordance with its existing policies for such services. Revenue for brand and advertising are recognized in other revenue as such services are provided ratably over the contract term. Revenue from making available unlimited services such as waived bag fees, waived change fees and inflight discounts are recognized in other revenue on a ratable basis over the contract term subject to a contract limitation based upon the proportion of cumulative points issued to total contract points expected to be issued. The Company estimates breakage for sold points using a redemption-based approach where redemption behavior is predicted based on member type and historic behavior. In addition, the Company also considers redemption trends by performing a weighted-average redemption rate calculation to evaluate the reasonableness of the calculated breakage rates. Breakage is recorded for sold points under the redemption method using points expected to be redeemed and the recorded deferred revenue balance to determine a weighted-average rate, which is then applied to actual points redeemed. A change in assumptions as to the period over which points are expected to be redeemed, the actual redemption patterns or the estimated fair value of points expected to be redeemed could have a material impact on revenue in the year in which the change occurs as well as in future years. Management estimates could change in the future as Elevate members’ behavior changes and more historical data is collected. (l) Airframe and Engine Maintenance and Repair The Company accounts for qualifying major engine maintenance under the deferral method wherein overhaul costs and replacement of engine limited life parts are capitalized and amortized as a component of depreciation and amortization expense up to the earlier of lease end or the estimated date for the next engine overhaul. The Company has an engine services agreement with a third-party vendor covering major maintenance for nearly all engines. Under the terms of the agreement, the Company pays a set dollar amount per engine hour flown at the time the engine repair occurs and a smaller amount per engine hour flown monthly in arrears. As of December 31, 2015 , $3.2 million of major engine maintenance costs had been capitalized and is being amortized over the remaining term of the lease . Regular airframe and other routine maintenance are expensed as incurred. The Company has a separate maintenance-cost-per-hour contract for management and repair of certain rotable parts to support airframe and engine maintenance and repair. This agreement requires monthly payments based upon utilization, such as flight hours, cycles and age of the aircraft, and in turn, the agreement transfers certain risks to the third-party service provider. Expense is recognized based on the contractual payments, as these substantially match the services being received over the contract period. (m) Aircraft Maintenance Deposits The Company is contractually required to make supplemental rent payments to aircraft lessors, which represent maintenance reserves made solely to collateralize the lessor for future maintenance events. Under most leases, the lease agreements provide that maintenance reserves are reimbursable upon completion of the major maintenance event in an amount equal to the lesser of (i) the amount qualified for reimbursement from maintenance reserves held by the lessor associated with the specific major maintenance event or (ii) the qualifying costs related to the specific major maintenance event. The maintenance reserve payments that are expected to be recovered from lessors are recorded as aircraft maintenance deposits in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. When it is not probable that amounts on deposit with lessors will be recovered, such amounts are expensed as a component of aircraft rent expense. The determination of probability of recovery is based on a more-likely-than-not probability threshold, in accordance with applicable authoritative guidance. When the underlying maintenance event is performed, the cost is either capitalized for engines or expensed for all other major maintenance and the deposit is reclassified to other receivables in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. The terms of the Company’s aircraft lease agreements also provide that most unused maintenance reserves held by the lessor which relate to major maintenance events that fall outside of the lease term are nonrefundable at the expiration of the lease and will be retained by the lessor. The Company charges supplemental rent payments to aircraft rent expense in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations when it becomes less than probable that amounts will be recovered. When any lease terms are extended, the Company records lease incentives for any previously expensed supplemental rent payments that are now expected to be recoverable for qualified major aircraft and engine maintenance events that were previously expected to occur outside the lease term and are now expected to occur within the extended lease term. The Company records these lease incentives as an increase to aircraft maintenance deposits and an increase to other liabilities in the consolidated balance sheet. The Company determines that there is a lease incentive when the amount that it expects to be reimbursed in the future exceeds the amount of maintenance deposit currently on the balance sheet plus any future payments to be made through the date of the qualifying maintenance event. The Company records any excess amount as an incentive to the extent there were supplemental rent payments made during the lease term that had previously been expensed. The Company calculates lease incentives on a maintenance event by maintenance event basis, consistent with the manner in which supplemental rent payments are made to its lessors. The Company makes certain assumptions at the inception of the lease and at each balance sheet date to determine the recoverability of maintenance deposits. These assumptions are based on various factors, such as the estimated time between the maintenance events, including replacement of engine LLPs, the estimated cost of future maintenance events, the number of flight hours the aircraft is estimated to be utilized before it is returned to the lessor, and the estimated proceeds from any sale of used LLPs. Changes in estimates related to maintenance reserve payments are accounted for on a prospective basis. However if it is no longer probable that the recorded value of deposits is recoverable, which would generally occur when it is determined that the event will not occur during the term of the lease, the deposits are immediately charged to aircraft rent expense. During the completion of the annual assessment in the fourth quarter of 2015, the Company determined that it was no longer probable that certain planned replacement of LLPs on the shorter leases and certain other low cycle utilization aircraft would be performed during the lease term. This change in estimate with respect to the timing of these events resulted in $36.1 million of previously recorded LLP maintenance deposits and net lease incentives on 34 aircraft to be charged to aircraft rent expense as a change in estimate, as these deposits are no longer considered recoverable. This change was based on two predominant factors: (1) updated fleet and longer term network plan, including new aircraft commitments and (2) completion of a detailed economic analysis comparing current and future reserve payments to the estimated cost of late term LLP replacements. Given the Company’s new fleet plan and the remaining terms of these leases, it became clear that it is going to be more economically beneficial for the lessors to keep the maintenance deposits than for the Company to replace the LLPs during the lease term. Its estimates indicate that for these 34 aircraft, the Company is unlikely to have enough annual engine utilization to require LLP replacement before end of lease term, as had previously been expected. The Company believes that with a fleet plan that will afford more flexibility, it will also be able to manage its fleet so that these aircraft would still meet minimum lease return conditions, despite not replacing the LLPs. The Company will expense future reserve payments related to these LLPs as incurred. This change in estimate does not impact its current assessment regarding recoverability of other engine maintenance reserves but its assessment as to the probability of their recovery could change based on estimates the Company makes in the future. While future estimates may affect the treatment of LLP replacement events for the remainder of the fleet, the Company does not believe they will have an impact to these 34 aircraft as the Company has already made the decision to not replace LLPs unless unforeseen circumstances require it in order to operate the aircraft. (n) Advertising The Company expenses advertising and the production costs of advertising as incurred. Advertising and marketing expense was $41.2 million , $37.4 million and $38.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2015 , 2014 and 2013 , respectively. (o) Share-Based Compensation Share-based compensation expense is measured at fair value on the date of grant. Prior to the IPO, the Company utilized third-party independent valuation reports to assist with valuation of options and restricted stock units and used the Black-Scholes option pricing model for service condition stock option grants. For restricted stock grants with time-based vesting conditions issued at IPO and subsequent, the Company’s valuation of such stock grants is based on the market price on grant date. For restricted stock awards with market-based conditions, the Company values the grants using a Monte-Carlo simulation provided by an independent valuation specialist. The Company recognizes share-based compensation expense net of estimated forfeitures. The Company estimates its forfeiture rate based on historical activity. Share-based compensation expense is recognized over the requisite service period on a straight line basis for each separately vesting tranche of the award, including awards subject to graded vesting. For restricted stock awards subject to performance conditions, the probability of performance achievement is assessed on a quarterly basis and expense is adjusted accordingly. Prior to the IPO, the Company granted stock options and restricted stock units with performance and market-based conditions in addition to service requirements to employees and directors. With respect to certain stock awards, the performance conditions restricted exercisability or settlement until certain liquidity events occur, such as a qualifying IPO or change in control. Upon the IPO, the performance condition was met and deferred stock compensation expense was recognized for grants that had also met service requirements. The market conditions further restrict such exercisability or settlement upon achieving certain targeted minimum market prices of the Company’s publicly traded common stock. For those awards that vest over a fixed service period, if they do not become exercisable before an employee’s termination, they are forfeited to the extent unvested. (p) Income Taxes Income taxes are accounted for under the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences among the financial statements, carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to be applied to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that i |