LOANS | NOTE 8 – LOANS Loans at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 are summarized as follows: September 30, 2018 Acquired Acquired Non- Credit (Dollars in thousands) Originated Credit Impaired Impaired Total Commercial: Commercial real estate $ 1,450,590 $ 106,153 $ 868 $ 1,557,611 Commercial business loans 562,988 80,567 450 644,005 Commercial small business leases 107,231 28,143 — 135,374 Commercial construction 145,776 — — 145,776 Total commercial loans 2,266,585 214,863 1,318 2,482,766 Residential: Residential real estate 939,811 41,159 97 981,067 Total residential loans 939,811 41,159 97 981,067 Consumer loans: Home equity & lines of credit 188,906 16,866 205 205,977 Personal 8,450 5,775 45 14,270 Education 133,877 — — 133,877 Automobile 108,424 — — 108,424 Total consumer loans 439,657 22,641 250 462,548 Total loans 3,646,053 278,663 1,665 3,926,381 Allowance for losses (43,137) — — (43,137) Loans, net $ 3,602,916 $ 278,663 $ 1,665 $ 3,883,244 December 31, 2017 Acquired Acquired Non-Credit Credit (Dollars in thousands) Originated Impaired Impaired Total Commercial: Commercial real estate $ 1,448,226 $ 128,659 $ 5,037 $ 1,581,922 Commercial business loans 568,241 100,613 1,235 670,089 Commercial small business leases 92,632 48,622 — 141,254 Commercial construction 146,633 — — 146,633 Total commercial loans 2,255,732 277,894 6,272 2,539,898 Residential: Residential real estate 897,052 46,414 107 943,573 Total residential loans 897,052 46,414 107 943,573 Consumer loans: Home equity & lines of credit 208,191 19,712 206 228,109 Personal 10,978 6,237 56 17,271 Education 147,582 — — 147,582 Automobile 157,697 — — 157,697 Total consumer loans 524,448 25,949 262 550,659 Total loans 3,677,232 350,257 6,641 4,034,130 Allowance for losses (43,267) — — (43,267) Loans, net $ 3,633,965 $ 350,257 $ 6,641 $ 3,990,863 During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, the Company recorded a $210 thousand and $1.0 million net gain on the sale of $6.8 million and $18.9 million, respectively, of guaranteed Small Business Administration (“SBA”) loans that is included in “mortgage banking and SBA income” on the consolidated statements of income. As of September 30, 2018, the Bank retained the $5.6 million outstanding unguaranteed portion of the loans and the related servicing rights for the loans and receives a 1.0% servicing fee from the purchaser of the loans. As of September 30, 2018, the Company had $473 thousand residential loans held for sale compared to $245 thousand of residential loans held for sale at December 31, 2017. These loans are carried at the lower of cost or estimated fair value, on an aggregate basis. Loans held for sale are loans originated by the Bank to be sold to a third party who is under contractual obligation to purchase the loans from the Bank. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, the Bank sold residential mortgage loans with an unpaid principal balance of approximately $2.6 million and $7.5 million, respectively, and recorded mortgage banking income of approximately $99 thousand and $439 thousand, respectively. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, the Bank sold residential mortgage loans with an unpaid principal balance of approximately $3.6 million and $14.4 million, respectively, and recorded mortgage banking income of approximately $176 thousand and $562 thousand, respectively. The Bank retained the related servicing rights for the loans that were sold to Fannie Mae and receives a 25 basis point servicing fee from the purchaser of the loans. Please refer to Note 21 -- Servicing Rights for additional information. Commercial loans include shared national credits, which are participations in loans or loan commitments of at least $20.0 million that are shared by three or more banks. Included in the shared national credit portfolio are purchased participations and assignments in leveraged lending transactions. Leveraged lending transactions are generally used to support a merger- or acquisition-related transaction, to back a recapitalization of a company’s balance sheet or to refinance debt. When considering a participation in the leveraged lending market, the Company will participate only in first lien senior secured term loans that are highly rated (investment grade) by the rating agencies and that trade in active secondary markets. The Company actively monitors the secondary market for these types of loans to ensure that it maintains flexibility to sell such loans in the event of deteriorating credit quality. To further minimize risk and based on our current capital levels and loan portfolio, the Company has limited the total amount of leveraged loans to $150.0 million with no single obligor exceeding $15.0 million while maintaining single industry concentrations below 30% of the leveraged lending limit. The Company may reevaluate these limits in future periods. The shared national credit loans are typically variable rate with terms ranging from one to seven years. At September 30, 2018, shared national credits totaled $163.8 million, which included $100.3 million of leveraged lending transactions. All shared national credits were classified as pass rated as of September 30, 2018 as all payments are current and the loans are performing in accordance with their contractual terms. During the three months ended September 30, 2018, a $7.6 million non-performing shared national credit was sold. Management had established a $1.5 million specific valuation allowance to cover risk associated with this loan as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017. The actual loss for the loan was $766 thousand. All other shared national credits were classified as pass rated as of December 31, 2017 as all payments are current and the loans are performing in accordance with their contractual terms. The Company's accounting policies for shared national credits, including our charge off and reserve policy, are consistent with the significant accounting policies disclosed in our financial statements for our total loan portfolio. The Company underwrites all shared national credits consistent with our underwriting guidelines. All shared national credits are subject to annual reviews where the risk rating of the loan is evaluated. Additionally, the Company obtains quarterly financial information and performs a financial analysis on a regular basis to ensure that the borrower can comply with the financial terms of the loan. The information used in the analysis is provided by the borrower through the agent bank. Allowance for Loan Losses The allowance for loan losses is a valuation allowance for probable losses inherent in the loan portfolio. The Company evaluates the appropriateness of the allowance for loan losses balance on loans on a quarterly basis. When additional allowances are necessary, a provision for loan losses is charged to earnings and, when less allowances are necessary, a credit is taken. As of September 30, 2018, the Company’s methodology for assessing the appropriateness of the allowance for loan losses consists of (1) a specific valuation allowance on identified problem loans and (2) a general valuation allowance on the remainder of the loan portfolio. The appropriate allowance level is estimated based upon factors and trends identified by the Company at the time the consolidated financial statements are prepared. Management continuously evaluates its allowance methodology. The Company charges-off the collateral or discounted cash flow deficiency on all loans at 90 days past due, except government guaranteed student loans, and all loans rated substandard or worse that are 90 days past due. The Company did not maintain a specific valuation allowance as of September 30, 2018. As of December 31, 2017, the Company maintained a $1.5 million specific valuation allowance for the previously mentioned shared national credit. The summary activity in the allowance for loan losses for all portfolios for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, and for the year ended December 31, 2017, is as follows: Nine Months Ended Year Ended September 30, December 31, (Dollars in thousands) 2018 2017 2017 Balance, beginning of year $ 43,267 $ 43,261 $ 43,261 Provision for loan losses 4,581 2,100 3,118 Charge-offs (5,947) (3,873) (5,476) Recoveries 1,236 1,782 2,364 Balance, end of period $ 43,137 $ 43,270 $ 43,267 The following tables set forth the activity in the allowance for loan losses by portfolio for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and the year ended December 31, 2017: COMMERCIAL RESIDENTIAL CONSUMER Home Small Equity & September 30, 2018 Real Business Real Equity (Dollars in thousands) Estate Business Leases Construction Estate Lines Personal Education Auto Total Allowance for loan losses: Beginning balance $ 28,205 $ 10,519 $ 961 $ 963 $ 838 $ 491 $ 255 $ 121 $ 914 $ 43,267 Charge-offs (399) (1,665) (1,148) — (709) (414) (261) (142) (1,209) (5,947) Recoveries 55 110 311 59 4 95 107 — 495 1,236 Provision (credit) 314 882 1,274 310 800 265 76 147 513 4,581 Allowance ending balance $ 28,175 $ 9,846 $ 1,398 $ 1,332 $ 933 $ 437 $ 177 $ 126 $ 713 $ 43,137 Allowance ending balance Individually evaluated for impairment $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Collectively evaluated for impairment 28,175 9,846 1,398 1,332 933 437 177 126 713 43,137 Total Allowance $ 28,175 $ 9,846 $ 1,398 $ 1,332 $ 933 $ 437 $ 177 $ 126 $ 713 $ 43,137 Financing receivable: Ending balance Individually evaluated for impairment $ 9,672 $ 2,260 $ — $ — $ 5,333 $ 1,492 $ 60 $ — $ — $ 18,817 Collectively evaluated for impairment 1,440,918 560,728 107,231 145,776 934,478 187,414 8,390 133,877 108,424 3,627,236 Acquired non-credit impaired loans (2) 106,153 80,567 28,143 — 41,159 16,866 5,775 — — 278,663 Acquired credit impaired loans (1) 868 450 — — 97 205 45 — — 1,665 Total Portfolio $ 1,557,611 $ 644,005 $ 135,374 $ 145,776 $ 981,067 $ 205,977 $ 14,270 $ 133,877 $ 108,424 $ 3,926,381 (1) Acquired credit impaired loans are evaluated on an individual basis. (2) Acquired non-credit impaired loans are evaluated collectively, excluding loans that have subsequently moved to non-accrual status which are individually evaluated for impairment. COMMERCIAL RESIDENTIAL CONSUMER Home Small Equity & December 31, 2017 Real Business Real Equity (Dollars in thousands) Estate Business Leases Construction Estate Lines Personal Education Auto Total Allowance for loan losses: Beginning balance $ 23,395 $ 9,923 $ 536 $ 3,579 $ 1,493 $ 1,185 $ 372 $ 129 $ 2,649 $ 43,261 Charge-offs (470) (525) (1,776) — (246) (356) (167) (120) (1,816) (5,476) Recoveries 24 38 444 1 28 311 330 — 1,188 2,364 Provision (credit) 5,256 1,083 1,757 (2,617) (437) (649) (280) 112 (1,107) 3,118 Allowance ending balance $ 28,205 $ 10,519 $ 961 $ 963 $ 838 $ 491 $ 255 $ 121 $ 914 $ 43,267 Allowance ending balance Individually evaluated for impairment $ — $ 1,500 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 1,500 Collectively evaluated for impairment 28,205 9,019 961 963 838 491 255 121 914 41,767 Total Allowance $ 28,205 $ 10,519 $ 961 $ 963 $ 838 $ 491 $ 255 $ 121 $ 914 $ 43,267 Financing receivable: Ending balance Individually evaluated for impairment $ 19,336 $ 13,091 $ — $ — $ 6,062 $ 1,375 $ 100 $ — $ — $ 39,964 Collectively evaluated for impairment 1,428,890 555,150 92,632 146,633 890,990 206,816 10,878 147,582 157,697 3,637,268 Acquired non-credit impaired loans (2) 128,659 100,613 48,622 — 46,414 19,712 6,237 — — 350,257 Acquired credit impaired loans (1) 5,037 1,235 — — 107 206 56 — — 6,641 Total Portfolio $ 1,581,922 $ 670,089 $ 141,254 $ 146,633 $ 943,573 $ 228,109 $ 17,271 $ 147,582 $ 157,697 $ 4,034,130 (1) Acquired credit impaired loans are evaluated on an individual basis. (2) Acquired non-credit impaired loans are evaluated collectively, excluding loans that have subsequently moved to non-accrual status which are individually evaluated for impairment. The provision for loan losses charged to expense is based upon past loan loss experience and an evaluation of estimated losses in the current loan portfolio, including the evaluation of impaired loans under FASB ASC Topic 310 for Loans and Debt Securities. Under FASB ASC Topic 310 for Receivables, for all loan segments a loan is considered to be impaired when, based upon current information and events, it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the loan. An insignificant delay or insignificant shortfall in amount of payments does not necessarily result in the loan being identified as impaired. When all or a portion of the loan is deemed uncollectible, the uncollectible portion is charged-off. The measurement is based either on the fair value of the collateral if the loan is collateral dependent, the liquidation value, or the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate. Most of the Company’s commercial loans are collateral dependent and, therefore, the Company uses the value of the collateral to measure the loss. Any collateral or discounted cash flow deficiency for loans that are 90 days past due are charged-off. Impairment losses are included in the provision for loan losses. Large groups of homogeneous loans are collectively evaluated for impairment, except for those loans restructured under a troubled debt restructuring. Classified Loans The Bank’s credit review process includes a risk classification of all commercial and residential loans that includes pass, special mention, substandard and doubtful. The classification of a loan may change based on changes in the creditworthiness of the borrower. The description of the risk classifications are as follows: A loan is classified as pass when payments are current and it is performing under the original contractual terms. A loan is classified as special mention when the borrower exhibits potential credit weakness or a downward trend which, if not checked or corrected, will weaken the asset or inadequately protect the Bank’s position. While potentially weak, the borrower is currently marginally acceptable; no loss of principal or interest is envisioned. A loan is classified as substandard when the borrower has a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the orderly liquidation of the debt. A substandard loan is inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor, normal repayment from this borrower is in jeopardy, and there is a distinct possibility that a partial loss of interest and/or principal will occur if the deficiencies are not corrected. A loan is classified as doubtful when a borrower has all weaknesses inherent in a loan classified as substandard with the added provision that: (1) the weaknesses make collection of debt in full on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions and values highly questionable and improbable; (2) serious problems exist to the point where a partial loss of principal is likely; and (3) the possibility of loss is extremely high, but because of certain important, reasonably specific pending factors which may work to the advantage and strengthening of the assets, its classification as an estimated loss is deferred until its more exact status may be determined. Pending factors include proposed merger, acquisition, or liquidation procedures, capital injection, perfecting liens and additional refinancing plans. In all cases, loans are placed on non-accrual when 90 days past due or earlier if collection of principal or interest is considered doubtful. The Company charges-off the collateral or discounted cash flow deficiency on all non-accrual loans. The following tables set forth the amounts and percentage of the portfolio of classified asset categories for the commercial and residential loan portfolios at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017: Commercial and Residential Loans Credit Risk Internally Assigned September 30, 2018 Commercial Commercial Small Business Commercial Residential (Dollars in thousands) Real Estate Business Leases Construction Real Estate Total Grade Pass Originated loans $ 1,434,907 92 % $ 555,406 86 % $ 107,231 79 % $ 145,776 100 % $ 938,194 96 % $ 3,181,514 93 % Acquired non-credit impaired loans 103,058 7 % 73,259 11 % 28,143 21 % — — % 41,053 4 % 245,513 7 % Total Pass 1,537,965 99 % 628,665 97 % 135,374 100 % 145,776 100 % 979,247 100 % 3,427,027 100 % Special Mention Originated loans 3,716 — % 4,285 1 % — — % — — % — — % 8,001 — % Acquired non-credit impaired loans 208 — % 1,162 — % — — % — — % — — % 1,370 — % Total Special Mention 3,924 — % 5,447 1 % — — % — — % — — % 9,371 — % Substandard Originated loans 11,967 1 % 3,297 1 % — — % — — % 1,617 — % 16,881 — % Acquired non-credit impaired loans 2,887 — % 6,146 1 % — — % — — % 106 — % 9,139 — % Acquired credit impaired loans 868 — % 450 — % — — % — — % 97 — % 1,415 — % Total Substandard 15,722 1 % 9,893 2 % — — % — — % 1,820 — % 27,435 — % Doubtful Originated loans — — % — — % — — % — — % — — % — — % Total Doubtful — — % — — % — — % — — % — — % — — % Total $ 1,557,611 100 % $ 644,005 100 % $ 135,374 100 % $ 145,776 100 % $ 981,067 100 % $ 3,463,833 100 % Commercial and Residential Loans Credit Risk Internally Assigned December 31, 2017 Commercial Commercial Small Business Commercial Residential (Dollars in thousands) Real Estate Business Leases Construction Real Estate Total Grade Pass Originated loans $ 1,436,514 91 % $ 554,813 83 % $ 92,632 66 % $ 146,633 100 % $ 895,475 95 % $ 3,126,067 91 % Acquired non-credit impaired loans 124,575 8 % 90,371 13 % 48,622 34 % — — % 46,192 5 % 309,760 9 % Total Pass 1,561,089 99 % 645,184 96 % 141,254 100 % 146,633 100 % 941,667 100 % 3,435,827 100 % Special Mention Originated loans 5,779 — % 1,910 — % — — % — — % — — % 7,689 — % Acquired non-credit impaired loans 483 — % 4,338 1 % — — % — — % — — % 4,821 — % Total Special Mention 6,262 — % 6,248 1 % — — % — — % — — % 12,510 — % Substandard Originated loans 5,933 1 % 3,565 1 % — — % — — % 1,577 — % 11,075 — % Acquired non-credit impaired loans 3,601 — % 5,904 1 % — — % — — % 222 — % 9,727 — % Acquired credit impaired loans 5,037 — % 1,235 — % — — % — — % 107 — % 6,379 — % Total Substandard 14,571 1 % 10,704 2 % — — % — — % 1,906 — % 27,181 — % Doubtful Originated loans — — % 7,953 1 % — — % — — % — — % 7,953 — % Total Doubtful — — % 7,953 1 % — — % — — % — — % 7,953 — % Total $ 1,581,922 100 % $ 670,089 100 % $ 141,254 100 % $ 146,633 100 % $ 943,573 100 % $ 3,483,471 100 % During 2017, one shared national credit with an outstanding balance of $7.6 million as of June 30, 2018 was downgraded to doubtful and changed to non-accrual status based on the results of a shared national credit examination performed by regulators. During the three months ended September 30, 2018, this $7.6 million non-performing shared national credit was sold. Management had established a $1.5 million specific valuation allowance to cover risk associated with this loan as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017. The actual loss for the loan was $766 thousand. The Bank’s credit review process is based on payment history for all consumer loans. The collateral deficiency on consumer loans is charged-off when they become 90 days delinquent except for education loans which are guaranteed by the U.S. government. Non-performing consumer loans include loans on non-accrual status and education loans that are greater than 90 days delinquent. The following tables set forth the consumer loan risk profile based on payment activity as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017: Consumer and Residential Loans Credit Risk Internally Assigned September 30, 2018 Home Equity & Lines of (Dollars in thousands) Credit Personal Education Auto Total Performing Originated loans $ 187,622 91 % $ 8,393 60 % $ 120,675 90 % $ 108,424 100 % $ 425,114 92 % Acquired non-credit impaired loans 16,791 8 % 5,589 39 % — — % — — % 22,380 5 % Acquired credit impaired loans 205 — % 45 — % — — % — — % 250 — % Total Performing 204,618 99 % 14,027 99 % 120,675 90 % 108,424 100 % 447,744 97 % Nonperforming Originated loans 1,284 1 % 57 — % 13,202 10 % — — % 14,543 3 % Acquired non-credit impaired loans 75 — % 186 1 % — — % — — % 261 — % Acquired credit impaired loans — — % — — % — — % — — % — — % Total Nonperforming 1,359 1 % 243 1 % 13,202 10 % — — % 14,804 3 % Total $ 205,977 100 % $ 14,270 100 % $ 133,877 100 % $ 108,424 100 % $ 462,548 100 % December 31, 2017 Home Equity & Lines of (Dollars in thousands) Credit Personal Education Auto Total Performing Originated loans $ 207,036 90 % $ 10,883 63 % $ 133,430 90 % $ 157,697 100 % $ 509,046 92 % Acquired non-credit impaired loans 19,621 9 % 5,987 35 % — — % — — % 25,608 5 % Acquired credit impaired loans 206 — % 56 — % — — % — — % 262 — % Total Performing 226,863 99 % 16,926 98 % 133,430 90 % 157,697 100 % 534,916 97 % Nonperforming Originated loans 1,155 1 % 95 1 % 14,152 10 % — — % 15,402 3 % Acquired non-credit impaired loans 91 — % 250 1 % — — % — — % 341 — % Acquired credit impaired loans — — % — — % — — % — — % — — % Total Nonperforming 1,246 1 % 345 2 % 14,152 10 % — — % 15,743 3 % Total $ 228,109 100 % $ 17,271 100 % $ 147,582 100 % $ 157,697 100 % $ 550,659 100 % Loans Acquired with Deteriorated Credit Quality The outstanding principal balance and related carrying amount of loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality, for which the Company applies the provisions of ASC 310-30, as of September 30, 2018, are as follows: September 30, (Dollars in thousands) 2018 Outstanding principal balance $ 2,694 Carrying amount 1,665 Loan Delinquencies and Non-accrual Loans The Company monitors the past due and non-accrual status of loans in determining the loss classification, impairment status and the allowance for loan losses. Generally, all loans past due 90 days or more are put on non-accrual status. Education loans greater than 90 days delinquent continue to accrue interest as they are U.S. government guaranteed with little risk of credit loss. The following tables provide information about delinquent and non-accrual loans in the Company’s portfolio at the dates indicated: Aged Analysis of Past Due and Non-accrual Financing Receivables As of September 30, 2018 Recorded 30-59 60-89 > 90 Investment Days Days Days Total Acquired Total >90 Days Past Past Past Past Credit Financing And Non- (Dollars in thousands) Due Due Due Due Impaired Current Receivables Accruing Accruing(1) Commercial: Commercial real estate $ 912 7 % $ 2,393 34 % $ 2,977 15 % $ 6,282 15 % $ 868 $ 1,550,461 41 % $ 1,557,611 41 % $ — $ 6,041 38 % Commercial business loans 1,091 8 % 797 11 % 743 4 % 2,631 7 % 450 640,924 16 % 644,005 16 % — 2,896 19 % Commercial small business leases 705 5 % 441 6 % — — % 1,146 3 % — 134,228 3 % 135,374 3 % — — — % Commercial construction — — % — — % — — % — — % — 145,776 4 % 145,776 4 % — — — % Total commercial $ 2,708 20 % $ 3,631 51 % $ 3,720 19 % $ 10,059 25 % $ 1,318 $ 2,471,389 64 % $ 2,482,766 64 % $ — $ 8,937 57 % Residential: Residential real estate $ 1,687 12 % $ 101 1 % $ 1,978 10 % $ 3,766 9 % $ 97 $ 977,204 25 % $ 981,067 25 % $ — $ 4,888 32 % Total residential $ 1,687 12 % $ 101 1 % $ 1,978 10 % $ 3,766 9 % $ 97 $ 977,204 25 % $ 981,067 25 % $ — $ 4,888 32 % Consumer loans: Home equity & lines of credit $ 729 5 % $ 192 3 % $ 470 2 % $ 1,391 3 % $ 205 $ 204,381 5 % $ 205,977 5 % $ — $ 1,359 9 % Personal 113 1 % 16 — % 110 1 % 239 1 % 45 13,986 — % 14,270 — % — 243 2 % Education 5,650 41 % 2,843 41 % 13,202 68 % 21,695 54 % — 112,182 3 % 133,877 3 % 13,202 — — % Automobile 2,819 21 % 258 4 % — — % 3,077 8 % — 105,347 3 % 108,424 3 % — — — % Total consumer $ 9,311 68 % $ 3,309 48 % $ 13,782 71 % $ 26,402 66 % $ 250 $ 435,896 11 % $ 462,548 11 % $ 13,202 $ 1,602 11 % Total $ 13,706 100 % $ 7,041 100 % $ 19,480 100 % $ 40,227 100 % $ 1,665 $ 3,884,489 100 % $ 3,926,381 100 % $ 13,202 $ 15,427 100 % (1) Aged Analysis of Past Due and Non-accrual Financing Receivables As of December 31, 2017 Recorded 30-59 60-89 > 90 Investment Days Days Days Total Acquired Total >90 Days Past Past Past Past Credit Financing And Non- (Dollars in thousands) Due Due Due Due Impaired Current Receivables Accruing Accruing Commercial: Commercial real estate $ 719 4 % $ 1,304 13 % $ 1,899 10 % $ 3,922 8 % $ 5,037 $ 1,572,963 39 % $ 1,581,922 38 % $ — $ 3,273 16 % Commercial business loans 1,291 7 % 1,680 16 % 495 3 % 3,466 7 % 1,235 665,388 17 % 670,089 17 % — 9,828 48 % Commercial small business leases 1,447 8 % 584 6 % 4 — % 2,035 4 % — 139,219 3 % 141,254 4 % — — — % Commercial construction — — % — — % — — % — — % — 146,633 4 % 146,633 4 % — — — % Total commercial $ 3,457 19 % $ 3,568 35 % $ 2,398 13 % $ 9,423 19 % $ 6,272 $ 2,524,203 63 % $ 2,539,898 63 % $ — $ 13,101 64 % Residential: Residential real estate $ 2,132 11 % $ 1,113 11 % $ 2,233 11 % $ 5,478 11 % $ 107 $ 937,988 24 % $ 943,573 23 % $ — $ 5,829 28 % Total residential $ 2,132 11 % $ 1,113 11 % $ 2,233 11 % $ 5,478 11 % $ 107 $ 937,988 24 % $ 943,573 23 % $ — $ 5,829 28 % Consumer loans: Home equity & lines of credit $ 856 5 % $ 285 3 % $ 582 3 % $ 1,723 4 % $ 206 $ 226,180 6 % $ 228,109 6 % $ — $ 1,246 6 % Personal 198 1 % 118 1 % 234 1 % 550 1 % 56 16,665 — % 17,271 — % — 345 2 % Education 8,328 44 % 4,821 46 % 14,152 72 % 27,301 56 % — 120,281 3 % 147,582 4 % 14,152 — — % Automobile 3,830 20 % 447 4 % — — % 4,277 9 % — 153,420 4 % 157,697 4 % — — — % Total consumer $ 13,212 70 % $ 5,671 54 % $ 14,968 76 % $ 33,851 70 % $ 262 $ 516,546 13 % $ 550,659 14 % $ 14,152 $ 1,591 8 % Total $ 18,801 100 % $ 10,352 100 % $ 19,599 100 % $ 48,752 100 % $ 6,641 $ 3,978,737 100 % $ 4,034,130 100 % $ 14,152 $ 20,521 100 % (1) Non-accruing loans do not include $6.6 million of loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality, which have been recorded at their fair value at acquisition. Troubled Debt Restructured Loans The Bank determines whether a restructuring of debt constitutes a troubled debt restructuring (“TDR”) in accordance with guidance under FASB ASC Topic 310 Receivables. The Bank considers a loan a TDR when the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty and the Bank grants a concession that it would not otherwise consider but for the borrower’s financial difficulties. A TDR includes a modification of debt terms or assets received in satisfaction of the debt (including a foreclosure or a deed in lieu of foreclosure) or a combination of types. The Bank evaluates selective criteria to determine if a borrower is experiencing financial difficulty, including the ability of the borrower to obtain funds from sources other than the Bank at market rates. The Bank considers all TDR loans as impaired loans and, generally, they are put on non-accrual status. The Bank will not consider the loan a TDR if the loan modification was made for customer retention purposes and the modification reflects prevailing market conditions. The Bank’s policy for returning a loan to accruing status requires the preparation of a well-documented credit evaluation, which includes the following: · A review of the borrower’s current financial condition in which the borrower must demonstrate sufficient cash flow to support the repayment of all principal and interest including any amounts previously charged-off; · An updated appraisal or home valuation, which must demonstrate sufficient collateral value to support the debt; · Sustained performance based on the restructured terms for at least six consecutive months; and · Approval by the Special Assets Committee, which consists of the Chief Credit Officer, the Chief Financial Officer and other members of senior management. The following table summarizes loans whose terms were modified in a manner that met the definition of a TDR as of September 30, 2018 and 2017. September 30, September 30, 2018 2017 (Dollars in thousands) No. of Loans Balance No. of Loans Balance Commercial: Commercial real estate — $ — 1 $ 1,254 Commercial business loans — — 1 69 Total commercial — — 2 1,323 Residential: Residential real estate 4 194 6 417 Total real estate loans 4 194 6 417 Consumer loans: Home equity & lines of credit 1 54 2 70 Total consumer loans 1 54 2 70 Total loans 5 $ 248 10 $ 1,810 The following tables summarize information about TDRs as of and for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017: For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018 (Dollars in thousands, except number of loans) No. of Loans Balance Loans modified during the period in a manner that met the definition of a TDR — $ — Modifications granted: Reduction of outstanding principal due — — Deferral of principal amounts due — — Temporary reduction in interest rate — — Deferral of interest due — — Below market interest rate granted — — Outstanding principal balance immediately before modification — — Outstanding principal balance immediately after modification — — Aggregate principal charge-off recognized on TDRs outstanding at period end since origination — — Outstanding principal balance at period end 5 248 TDRs that re-defaulted subsequent to being modified (in the past twelve months) 1 24 For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017 (Dollars in thousands, except number of loans) No. of Loans Balance Loans modified during the period in a manner that met the definition of a TDR 5 $ 1,472 Modifications granted: Reduction of outstanding principal due — — Deferral of principal amounts due 3 188 Temporary reduction in interest rate 2 1,284 Deferral of interest due — — Below market interest rate granted — — Outstanding principal balance immediately before modification — — Outstanding principal balance immediately after modification — — Aggregate principal charge-off recognized on TDRs outstanding at period end since origination — Outstanding principal balance at period end 10 1,810 TDRs that re-defaulted subsequent to being modified (in the past twelve months) 1 61 Impaired Loans Loans for which it is probable that payment of interest and principal will not be made in accordance with the contractual terms of the loan agreement are considered impaired. Once a loan is identified as individually impaired, management measures the extent of the impairment in accordance with guidance under FASB ASC Topic 310 for Receivables. The fair value of impaired loans is estimated using one of several methods, including collateral value, liquidation value or discounted cash flows. However, collateral value is predominantly used to assess the fair value of an impaired loan. Those impaired loans not requiring an allowance represent loans for which the fair value of the collateral or expected repayments exceed the recorded investments in such loans. Components of Impaired Loans Impaired Loans Year to date September 30, 2018 Interest Income Unpaid Average Interest Recognized Recorded Principal Related Recorded Income Using Cash (Dollars in thousands) Investment Balance Allowance Investment Recognized Basis Impaired loans with no related specific allowance recorded: Commercial Real Estate $ 6,041 $ 6,210 $ — $ 3,615 $ — $ — Commercial Business 2,896 3,109 — 2,758 — — Commercial small business leases — — — — — — Commercial Construction — — — — — — Residential Real Estate 4,888 5,588 — 5,921 — — Home Equity and Lines of Credit 1,359 1,359 — 1,388 — — Personal 243 243 — 286 — — Education — — — — — — Auto — — — 1 — — Total Impaired Loans: $ 15,427 $ 16,509 $ — $ 13,969 $ — $ — Impaired loans with a related specific allowance recorded: Commercial Business $ — $ — $ — $ 6,334 $ — $ — Total impaired loans with a related specific allowance recorded: $ — $ — $ — $ 6,334 $ — $ — Total Impaired Loans: Commercial $ 8,937 $ 9,319 $ — $ 12,707 $ — $ — Residential 4,888 5,588 — 5,921 — — Consumer 1,602 1,602 — 1,675 — — Total $ 15,427 $ 16,509 $ — $ 20,303 $ — $ — The impaired loans table above does not include $1.7 million of acquired credit impaired loans, which have been recorded at their fair value at acquisition. Impaired Loans For the Year Ended December 31, 2017 Interest Income Unpaid Average Interest Recognized Recorded Principal Related Recorded Income Using Cash (Dollars in thousands) Investment Balance Allowance Investment Recognized Basis Impaired loans with no related specific allowance recorded: Commercial Real Estate $ 4,515 $ 4,548 $ — $ 2,515 $ 56 $ — Commercial Business 2,112 2,272 — 2,179 14 — Commercial small business leases — — — — — — Commercial Construction — — — — — — Residential Real Estate 5,829 6,546 — 6,834 — — Home Equity and Lines of Credit 1,246 1,276 — 1,109 — — Personal 345 345 — 240 — — Education — — — — — — Auto — — — 6 — — Total Impaired Loans: $ 14,047 $ 14,987 $ — $ 12,883 $ 70 $ — Impaired loans with a related spe |