Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses | Note 2: Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses The Company acquires loans originated or purchased by the Bank. In order to maintain our status as a REIT, the composition of the loans is highly concentrated in real estate. A significant portion of underlying loans are concentrated in California, New Jersey, Florida, Pennsylvania and New York. These markets include approximately 44% of our total loan balance at September 30, 2015 . The following table presents total loans outstanding by portfolio segment and class of financing receivable. Outstanding balances include a total net reduction of $322.7 million and $347.1 million at September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014 , respectively, which were predominantly unamortized discounts and premiums. (in thousands) Sep 30, Dec 31, Commercial: Commercial and industrial $ 42,993 58,559 Secured by real estate 2,643,268 3,121,106 Total commercial 2,686,261 3,179,665 Consumer: Real estate 1-4 family first mortgage 8,993,388 8,023,294 Real estate 1-4 family junior lien mortgage 1,471,699 1,746,318 Total consumer 10,465,087 9,769,612 Total loans $ 13,151,348 12,949,277 The following table summarizes the proceeds paid (including accrued interest receivable of $1.9 million and $5.9 million for the third quarter and first nine months of 2015 , and $2.4 million and $5.0 million in the third quarter and first nine months of 2014 , respectively) or received from the Bank for acquisitions and sales of loans, respectively. 2015 2014 (in thousands) Commercial Consumer Total Commercial Consumer Total Quarter ended September 30, Loan acquisitions $ — 794,475 794,475 — 886,404 886,404 Loan sales — (3,457 ) (3,457 ) — (3,932 ) (3,932 ) Nine months ended September 30, Loan acquisitions $ — 2,495,142 2,495,142 — 1,765,376 1,765,376 Loan sales (550 ) (9,441 ) (9,991 ) (493 ) (18,866 ) (19,359 ) Commitments to Lend The contract or notional amount of commercial loan commitments to extend credit decreased to $380.7 million at September 30, 2015 from $413.5 million at December 31, 2014 . Pledged Loans See Note 5 (Transactions With Related Parties) for additional details on our agreement with the Bank to pledge loans. Allowance for Credit Losses (ACL) The allowance for credit losses consists of the allowance for loan losses and the allowance for unfunded credit commitments. Changes in the allowance for credit losses were: Quarter ended September 30, Nine months ended September 30, (in thousands) 2015 2014 2015 2014 Balance, beginning of period $ 164,494 212,535 185,174 244,269 Provision (reversal of provision) for credit losses (23,023 ) (3,548 ) (23,914 ) 4,380 Interest income on certain impaired loans (1) (1,121 ) (927 ) (3,470 ) (2,886 ) Loan charge-offs: Commercial: Commercial and industrial — — — — Secured by real estate (113 ) (218 ) (476 ) (519 ) Total commercial (113 ) (218 ) (476 ) (519 ) Consumer: Real estate 1-4 family first mortgage (6,757 ) (6,883 ) (17,110 ) (25,531 ) Real estate 1-4 family junior lien mortgage (6,684 ) (10,394 ) (22,329 ) (38,496 ) Total consumer (13,441 ) (17,277 ) (39,439 ) (64,027 ) Total loan charge-offs (13,554 ) (17,495 ) (39,915 ) (64,546 ) Loan recoveries: Commercial: Commercial and industrial — — — — Secured by real estate 291 2 300 11 Total commercial 291 2 300 11 Consumer: Real estate 1-4 family first mortgage 1,201 1,063 3,789 5,236 Real estate 1-4 family junior lien mortgage 3,181 3,218 9,505 8,384 Total consumer 4,382 4,281 13,294 13,620 Total loan recoveries 4,673 4,283 13,594 13,631 Net loan charge-offs (8,881 ) (13,212 ) (26,321 ) (50,915 ) Balance, end of period $ 131,469 194,848 131,469 194,848 Components: Allowance for loan losses $ 130,839 194,039 130,839 194,039 Allowance for unfunded credit commitments 630 809 630 809 Allowance for credit losses $ 131,469 194,848 131,469 194,848 Net loan charge-offs (annualized) as a percentage of average total loans 0.27 % 0.41 0.28 0.54 Allowance for loan losses as a percentage of total loans 0.99 1.50 0.99 1.50 Allowance for credit losses as a percentage of total loans 1.00 1.51 1.00 1.51 (1) Certain impaired loans with an allowance calculated by discounting expected cash flows using the loan’s effective interest rate over the remaining life of the loan recognize reductions in allowance as interest income. The following table summarizes the activity in the allowance for credit losses by our commercial and consumer portfolio segments. 2015 2014 (in thousands) Commercial Consumer Total Commercial Consumer Total Quarter ended September 30, Balance, beginning of period $ 18,806 145,688 164,494 25,230 187,305 212,535 Reversal of provision for credit losses (291 ) (22,732 ) (23,023 ) (2,071 ) (1,477 ) (3,548 ) Interest income on certain impaired loans — (1,121 ) (1,121 ) — (927 ) (927 ) Loan charge-offs (113 ) (13,441 ) (13,554 ) (218 ) (17,277 ) (17,495 ) Loan recoveries 291 4,382 4,673 2 4,281 4,283 Net loan charge-offs 178 (9,059 ) (8,881 ) (216 ) (12,996 ) (13,212 ) Balance, end of period $ 18,693 112,776 131,469 22,943 171,905 194,848 Nine months ended September 30, Balance, beginning of period $ 19,476 165,698 185,174 26,145 218,124 244,269 Provision (reversal of provision) for credit losses (607 ) (23,307 ) (23,914 ) (2,694 ) 7,074 4,380 Interest income on certain impaired loans — (3,470 ) (3,470 ) — (2,886 ) (2,886 ) Loan charge-offs (476 ) (39,439 ) (39,915 ) (519 ) (64,027 ) (64,546 ) Loan recoveries 300 13,294 13,594 11 13,620 13,631 Net loan charge-offs (176 ) (26,145 ) (26,321 ) (508 ) (50,407 ) (50,915 ) Balance, end of period $ 18,693 112,776 131,469 22,943 171,905 194,848 The following table disaggregates our allowance for credit losses and recorded investment in loans by impairment methodology. Allowance for credit losses Recorded investment in loans (in thousands) Commercial Consumer Total Commercial Consumer Total September 30, 2015 Collectively evaluated (1) $ 16,673 36,347 53,020 2,674,353 9,937,610 12,611,963 Individually evaluated (2) 2,020 76,429 78,449 10,710 505,828 516,538 Purchased credit-impaired (PCI) (3) — — — 1,198 21,649 22,847 Total $ 18,693 112,776 131,469 2,686,261 10,465,087 13,151,348 December 31, 2014 Collectively evaluated (1) $ 17,535 53,999 71,534 3,172,418 9,218,652 12,391,070 Individually evaluated (2) 1,941 111,699 113,640 5,127 523,264 528,391 PCI (3) — — — 2,120 27,696 29,816 Total $ 19,476 165,698 185,174 3,179,665 9,769,612 12,949,277 (1) Represents loans collectively evaluated for impairment in accordance with ASC 450-20, Loss Contingencies (formerly FAS 5), and pursuant to amendments by ASU 2010-20 regarding allowance for unimpaired loans. (2) Represents loans individually evaluated for impairment in accordance with ASC 310-10, Receivables (formerly FAS 114), and pursuant to amendments by ASU 2010-20 regarding allowance for impaired loans. (3) Represents the allowance and related loan carrying value determined in accordance with ASC 310-30 , Receivables - Loans and Debt Securities Acquired with Deteriorated Credit Quality (formerly SOP 03-3) and pursuant to amendments by ASU 2010-20 regarding allowance for PCI loans. Credit Quality We monitor credit quality by evaluating various attributes and utilize such information in our evaluation of the appropriateness of the allowance for credit losses. The following sections provide the credit quality indicators we most closely monitor. The credit quality indicators are generally based on information as of our financial statement date, with the exception of updated Fair Isaac Corporation (FICO) scores and updated loan-to-value (LTV)/combined LTV (CLTV), which are obtained at least quarterly. Generally, these indicators are updated in the second month of each quarter, with updates no older than June 30, 2015 . COMMERCIAL CREDIT QUALITY INDICATORS In addition to monitoring commercial loan concentration risk, we manage a consistent process for assessing commercial loan credit quality. Generally commercial loans are subject to individual risk assessment using our internal borrower and collateral quality ratings. Our ratings are aligned to Pass and Criticized categories. The Criticized category includes Special Mention, Substandard, and Doubtful categories which are defined by bank regulatory agencies. The table below provides a breakdown of outstanding commercial loans by risk category. (in thousands) Commercial and industrial Secured by real estate Total September 30, 2015 By risk category: Pass $ 42,971 2,615,709 2,658,680 Criticized 22 27,559 27,581 Total commercial loans $ 42,993 2,643,268 2,686,261 December 31, 2014 By risk category: Pass $ 58,559 3,099,896 3,158,455 Criticized — 21,210 21,210 Total commercial loans $ 58,559 3,121,106 3,179,665 The following table provides past due information for commercial loans, which we monitor as part of our credit risk management practices. (in thousands) Commercial and industrial Secured by real estate Total September 30, 2015 By delinquency status: Current-29 days past due (DPD) and still accruing $ 42,993 2,630,151 2,673,144 30-89 DPD and still accruing — 2,978 2,978 90+ DPD and still accruing — 975 975 Nonaccrual loans — 9,164 9,164 Total commercial loans $ 42,993 2,643,268 2,686,261 December 31, 2014 By delinquency status: Current-29 DPD and still accruing $ 58,559 3,112,991 3,171,550 30-89 DPD and still accruing — 3,901 3,901 90+ DPD and still accruing — — — Nonaccrual loans — 4,214 4,214 Total commercial loans $ 58,559 3,121,106 3,179,665 CONSUMER CREDIT QUALITY INDICATORS We have various classes of consumer loans that present respective unique risks. Loan delinquency, FICO credit scores and LTV/CLTV for loan types are common credit quality indicators that we monitor and utilize in our evaluation of the appropriateness of the allowance for credit losses for the consumer portfolio segment. The majority of our loss estimation techniques used for the allowance for credit losses rely on delinquency matrix models or delinquency roll rate models. Therefore, delinquency is an important indicator of credit quality and the establishment of our allowance for credit losses. The following table provides the outstanding balances of our consumer portfolio by delinquency status. (in thousands) Real estate 1-4 family first mortgage Real estate 1-4 family junior lien mortgage Total September 30, 2015 By delinquency status: Current-29 DPD $ 8,822,137 1,408,886 10,231,023 30-59 DPD 40,474 20,205 60,679 60-89 DPD 21,734 9,891 31,625 90-119 DPD 9,136 6,792 15,928 120-179 DPD 11,197 7,018 18,215 180+ DPD 98,691 21,777 120,468 Remaining PCI accounting adjustments (9,981 ) (2,870 ) (12,851 ) Total consumer loans $ 8,993,388 1,471,699 10,465,087 December 31, 2014 By delinquency status: Current-29 DPD $ 7,819,624 1,670,204 9,489,828 30-59 DPD 43,991 22,639 66,630 60-89 DPD 24,190 13,360 37,550 90-119 DPD 12,856 8,049 20,905 120-179 DPD 19,552 10,351 29,903 180+ DPD 114,508 23,907 138,415 Remaining PCI accounting adjustments (11,427 ) (2,192 ) (13,619 ) Total consumer loans $ 8,023,294 1,746,318 9,769,612 The following table provides a breakdown of our consumer portfolio by updated FICO. We obtain FICO scores at loan origination and the scores are updated at least quarterly. FICO is not available for certain loan types and may not be obtained if we deem it unnecessary due to strong collateral and other borrower attributes. (in thousands) Real estate 1-4 family first mortgage Real estate 1-4 family junior lien mortgage Total September 30, 2015 By updated FICO: < 600 $ 283,746 150,637 434,383 600-639 217,671 116,716 334,387 640-679 446,070 186,734 632,804 680-719 889,733 255,004 1,144,737 720-759 1,456,316 285,123 1,741,439 760-799 3,784,151 307,905 4,092,056 800+ 1,835,683 152,311 1,987,994 No FICO available 89,999 20,139 110,138 Remaining PCI accounting adjustments (9,981 ) (2,870 ) (12,851 ) Total consumer loans $ 8,993,388 1,471,699 10,465,087 December 31, 2014 By updated FICO: < 600 $ 352,071 207,535 559,606 600-639 261,911 122,907 384,818 640-679 462,643 200,737 663,380 680-719 974,778 295,492 1,270,270 720-759 1,425,335 354,841 1,780,176 760-799 2,970,256 361,942 3,332,198 800+ 1,498,996 184,976 1,683,972 No FICO available 88,731 20,080 108,811 Remaining PCI accounting adjustments (11,427 ) (2,192 ) (13,619 ) Total consumer loans $ 8,023,294 1,746,318 9,769,612 LTV refers to the ratio comparing the loan’s unpaid principal balance to the property’s collateral value. CLTV refers to the combination of first mortgage and junior lien mortgage ratios. LTVs and CLTVs are updated quarterly using a cascade approach which first uses values provided by automated valuation models (AVMs) for the property. If an AVM is not available, then the value is estimated using the original appraised value adjusted by the change in Home Price Index (HPI) for the property location. If an HPI is not available, the original appraised value is used. The HPI value is normally the only method considered for high value properties, generally with an original value of $1 million or more, as the AVM values have proven less accurate for these properties. The following table shows the most updated LTV and CLTV distribution of the real estate 1-4 family first and junior lien mortgage loan portfolios. We consider the trends in residential real estate markets as we monitor credit risk and establish our allowance for credit losses. In the event of a default, any loss should be limited to the portion of the loan amount in excess of the net realizable value of the underlying real estate collateral value. Certain loans do not have an LTV or CLTV primarily due to industry data availability and portfolios acquired from or serviced by other institutions. (in thousands) Real estate 1-4 family first mortgage by LTV Real estate 1-4 family junior lien mortgage by CLTV Total September 30, 2015 By LTV/CLTV: 0-60% $ 4,473,472 420,274 4,893,746 60.01-80% 3,592,191 375,895 3,968,086 80.01-100% 729,697 381,005 1,110,702 100.01-120% (1) 116,861 196,402 313,263 > 120% (1) 60,216 98,741 158,957 No LTV/CLTV available 30,932 2,252 33,184 Remaining PCI accounting adjustments (9,981 ) (2,870 ) (12,851 ) Total consumer loans $ 8,993,388 1,471,699 10,465,087 December 31, 2014 By LTV/CLTV: 0-60% $ 4,007,543 470,244 4,477,787 60.01-80% 2,958,255 445,892 3,404,147 80.01-100% 801,111 453,564 1,254,675 100.01-120% (1) 164,249 249,423 413,672 > 120% (1) 64,619 127,355 191,974 No LTV/CLTV available 38,944 2,032 40,976 Remaining PCI accounting adjustments (11,427 ) (2,192 ) (13,619 ) Total consumer loans $ 8,023,294 1,746,318 9,769,612 (1) Reflects total loan balances with LTV/CLTV amounts in excess of 100%. In the event of default, the loss content would generally be limited to only the amount in excess of 100% LTV/CLTV. NONACCRUAL LOANS The following table provides loans on nonaccrual status. PCI loans are excluded from this table due to the existence of the accretable yield. (in thousands) Sep 30, Dec 31, Commercial: Commercial and industrial $ — — Secured by real estate 9,164 4,214 Total commercial 9,164 4,214 Consumer: Real estate 1-4 family first mortgage 206,821 236,859 Real estate 1-4 family junior lien mortgage 69,656 80,375 Total consumer 276,477 317,234 Total nonaccrual loans (excluding PCI) $ 285,641 321,448 LOANS 90 DAYS OR MORE PAST DUE AND STILL ACCRUING Certain loans 90 days or more past due as to interest or principal are still accruing, because they are (1) well-secured and in the process of collection or (2) real estate 1-4 family mortgage loans exempt under regulatory rules from being classified as nonaccrual until later delinquency, usually 120 days past due. PCI loans of $4.6 million at September 30, 2015 , and $4.9 million at December 31, 2014, are excluded from this disclosure even though they are 90 days or more contractually past due. These PCI loans are considered to be accruing because they continue to earn interest from accretable yield, independent of performance in accordance with their contractual terms. The following table shows non-PCI loans 90 days or more past due and still accruing. (in thousands) Sep 30, 2015 Dec 31, 2014 Commercial: Commercial and industrial $ — — Secured by real estate — — Total commercial — — Consumer: Real estate 1-4 family first mortgage 6,139 6,020 Real estate 1-4 family junior lien mortgage 3,119 4,240 Total consumer 9,258 10,260 Total past due (excluding PCI) $ 9,258 10,260 Impaired Loans The table below summarizes key information for impaired loans. Our impaired loans predominantly include loans on nonaccrual status in the commercial portfolio segment and loans modified in a TDR, whether on accrual or nonaccrual status. These impaired loans generally have estimated losses which are included in the allowance for credit losses. We have impaired loans with no allowance for credit losses when loss content has been previously recognized through charge-offs and we do not anticipate additional charge-offs or losses, or certain loans are currently performing in accordance with their terms and for which no loss has been estimated. Impaired loans exclude PCI loans. The table below includes trial modifications that totaled $14.3 million at September 30, 2015 , and $15.1 million at December 31, 2014 . Recorded investment (in thousands) Unpaid principal balance Impaired loans Impaired loans with related allowance for credit losses Related allowance for credit losses September 30, 2015 Commercial: Commercial and industrial $ — — — — Secured by real estate 12,088 10,710 10,710 2,020 Total commercial 12,088 10,710 10,710 2,020 Consumer: Real estate 1-4 family first mortgage 466,655 386,513 259,252 46,179 Real estate 1-4 family junior lien mortgage 133,157 119,315 98,645 30,250 Total consumer 599,812 505,828 357,897 76,429 Total impaired loans (excluding PCI) $ 611,900 516,538 368,607 78,449 December 31, 2014 Commercial: Commercial and industrial $ — — — — Secured by real estate 7,391 5,127 5,127 1,941 Total commercial 7,391 5,127 5,127 1,941 Consumer: Real estate 1-4 family first mortgage 483,084 397,858 283,549 68,589 Real estate 1-4 family junior lien mortgage 157,182 125,406 106,777 43,110 Total consumer 640,266 523,264 390,326 111,699 Total impaired loans (excluding PCI) $ 647,657 528,391 395,453 113,640 The following table provides the average recorded investment in impaired loans and the amount of interest income recognized on impaired loans by portfolio segment and class. Quarter ended September 30, Nine months ended September 30, 2015 2014 2015 2014 (in thousands) Average Recognized interest income Average recorded investment Recognized interest income Average Recognized interest income Average recorded investment Recognized interest income Commercial: Commercial and industrial $ — — — — — — — — Secured by real estate 11,351 821 5,895 25 8,170 898 6,897 207 Total commercial 11,351 821 5,895 25 8,170 898 6,897 207 Consumer: Real estate 1-4 family first mortgage 388,609 5,681 403,069 5,037 392,712 17,183 402,439 15,943 Real estate 1-4 family junior lien mortgage 119,882 2,370 127,731 2,517 121,797 7,146 129,017 7,264 Total consumer 508,491 8,051 530,800 7,554 514,509 24,329 531,456 23,207 Total impaired loans $ 519,842 8,872 536,695 7,579 522,679 25,227 538,353 23,414 Interest income: Cash basis of accounting $ 3,381 2,270 8,580 7,958 Other (1) 5,491 5,309 16,647 15,456 Total interest income $ 8,872 7,579 25,227 23,414 (1) Includes interest recognized on accruing TDRs, interest recognized related to certain impaired loans which have an allowance calculated using discounting, and amortization of purchase accounting adjustments related to certain impaired loans. Troubled Debt Restructuring (TDRs) When, for economic or legal reasons related to a borrower’s financial difficulties, we grant a concession for other than an insignificant period of time to a borrower that we would not otherwise consider, the related loan is classified as a TDR. We do not consider any loans modified through a loan resolution such as foreclosure or short sale to be a TDR. We may require some consumer borrowers experiencing financial difficulty to make trial payments generally for a period of three to four months, according to the terms of a planned permanent modification, to determine if they can perform according to those terms. These arrangements represent trial modifications, which we classify and account for as TDRs. While loans are in trial payment programs, their original terms are not considered modified and they continue to advance through delinquency status and accrue interest according to their original terms. The planned modifications for these arrangements predominantly involve interest rate reductions or other interest rate concessions, however, the exact concession type and resulting financial effect are usually not finalized and do not take effect until the loan is permanently modified. The trial period terms are developed in accordance with our proprietary programs or the U.S. Treasury’s Making Homes Affordable programs for real estate 1-4 family first lien (i.e. Home Affordable Modification Program - HAMP) and junior lien (i.e. Second Lien Modification Program - 2MP) mortgage loans. At September 30, 2015 , the loans in trial modification period were $4.9 million under HAMP, $879 thousand under 2MP and $8.5 million under proprietary programs, compared with $7.7 million , $1.3 million and $6.1 million at December 31, 2014 , respectively. Trial modifications with a recorded investment of $5.7 million at September 30, 2015 , and $6.8 million at December 31, 2014 , were accruing loans and $8.6 million and $8.3 million , respectively, were nonaccruing loans. Our experience is that substantially all of the mortgages that enter a trial payment period program are successful in completing the program requirements and are then permanently modified at the end of the trial period. As previously discussed, our allowance process considers the impact of those modifications that are probable to occur including the associated credit cost and related re-default risk. For those loans that may be modified more than once, the following table reflects each modification that occurred during the period. Loans that both modify and resolve within the period, as well as changes in recorded investment during the period for loans modified in prior periods, are not included in the table. Primary modification type (1) Financial effects of modifications (in thousands) Principal (2) Interest rate reduction Other concessions (3) Total Charge- offs (4) Weighted average interest rate reduction Recorded investment related to interest rate reduction (5) Quarter ended September 30, 2015 Commercial: Commercial and industrial $ — — — — — — % $ — Secured by real estate — — — — — — — Total commercial — — — — — — — Consumer: Real estate 1-4 family first mortgage 3,588 5,887 4,657 14,132 485 3.68 8,825 Real estate 1-4 family junior lien mortgage 704 1,441 974 3,119 552 4.58 2,089 Trial modifications (6) — — (350 ) (350 ) — — — Total consumer 4,292 7,328 5,281 16,901 1,037 3.85 10,914 Total $ 4,292 7,328 5,281 16,901 1,037 3.85 % $ 10,914 Quarter ended September 30, 2014 Commercial: Commercial and industrial $ — — — — — — % $ — Secured by real estate — — 149 149 — — — Total commercial — — 149 149 — — — Consumer: Real estate 1-4 family first mortgage 2,793 3,934 6,576 13,303 490 3.29 6,544 Real estate 1-4 family junior lien mortgage 857 2,241 1,609 4,707 696 5.26 3,098 Trial modifications (6) — — 4,147 4,147 — — — Total consumer 3,650 6,175 12,332 22,157 1,186 3.93 9,642 Total $ 3,650 6,175 12,481 22,306 1,186 3.93 % $ 9,642 Primary modification type (1) Financial effects of modifications (in thousands) Principal (2) Interest rate reduction Other concessions (3) Total Charge- offs (4) Weighted average interest rate reduction Recorded investment related to interest rate reduction (5) Nine months ended September 30, 2015 Commercial: Commercial and industrial $ — — — — — — % $ — Secured by real estate — — 3,884 3,884 — — — Total commercial — — 3,884 3,884 — — — Consumer: Real estate 1-4 family first mortgage 7,796 16,405 14,418 38,619 1,655 3.46 22,467 Real estate 1-4 family junior lien mortgage 1,401 3,716 3,816 8,933 1,484 4.98 4,747 Trial modifications (6) — — 1,634 1,634 — — — Total consumer 9,197 20,121 19,868 49,186 3,139 3.73 27,214 Total $ 9,197 20,121 23,752 53,070 3,139 3.73 % $ 27,214 Nine months ended September 30, 2014 Commercial: Commercial and industrial $ — — — — — — % $ — Secured by real estate — — 531 531 — — — Total commercial — — 531 531 — — — Consumer: Real estate 1-4 family first mortgage 15,789 14,786 22,043 52,618 3,438 3.20 29,400 Real estate 1-4 family junior lien mortgage 2,761 5,278 5,294 13,333 2,568 5.17 7,844 Trial modifications (6) — — 2,449 2,449 — — — Total consumer 18,550 20,064 29,786 68,400 6,006 4.88 37,244 Total $ 18,550 20,064 30,317 68,931 6,006 4.88 % $ 37,244 (1) Amounts represent the recorded investment in loans after recognizing the effects of the TDR, if any. TDRs with multiple types of concessions are presented only once in the table in the first category type based on the order presented. The reported amounts include loans remodified of $5.2 million and $3.3 million for the quarters ended September 30, 2015 and 2014 , and $13.2 million and $16.3 million for the nine months ended 2015 and 2014 , respectively. (2) Principal modifications include principal forgiveness at the time of the modification, contingent principal forgiveness granted over the life of the loan based on borrower performance, and principal that has been legally separated and deferred to the end of the loan, with a zero percent contractual interest rate. (3) Other concessions include loan renewals, term extensions and other interest and noninterest adjustments, but exclude modifications that also forgive principal and/or reduce the interest rate. (4) Charge-offs include write-downs of the investment in the loan in the period it is contractually modified. The amount of charge-off will differ from the modification terms if the loan has been charged down prior to the modification based on our policies. In addition, there may be cases where we have a charge-off/down with no legal principal modification. Modifications resulted in legally forgiving principal (actual, contingent or deferred) of $1.1 million and $724 thousand for the quarters ended September 30, 2015 and 2014 , and $2.3 million and $4.0 million for the nine months ended 2015 and 2014 respectively. (5) Reflects the effect of reduced interest rates on loans with an interest rate concession as one of their concession types, which includes loans reported as a principal primary modification type that also have an interest rate concession. (6) Trial modifications are granted a delay in payments due under the original terms during the trial payment period. However, these loans continue to advance through delinquency status and accrue interest according to their original terms. Any subsequent permanent modification generally includes interest rate related concessions; however, the exact concession type and resulting financial effect are usually not known until the loan is permanently modified. Trial modifications for the period are presented net of previously reported trial modifications that became permanent in the current period. The table below summarizes permanent modification TDRs that have defaulted in the current period within 12 months of their permanent modification date. We report these defaulted TDRs based on a payment default definition of 90 days past due for the commercial portfolio segment and 60 days past due for the consumer portfolio segment. Recorded investment of defaults Quarter ended September 30, Nine months ended September 30, (in thousands) 2015 2014 2015 2014 Commercial: Commercial and industrial $ — — — — Secured by real estate — — — 186 Total commercial — — — 186 Consumer: Real estate 1-4 family first mortgage 1,797 470 4,264 2,126 Real estate 1-4 family junior lien mortgage 383 174 814 1,665 Total consumer 2,180 644 5,078 3,791 Total $ 2,180 644 5,078 3,977 |