Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | 3. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Basis of Accounting The accompanying unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”). In the Company’s opinion, the accompanying unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements include all adjustments, consisting of normal recurring adjustments, which are necessary to present fairly its financial position, results of operations, and cash flows. The consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2015 , has been derived from audited financial statements as of that date. The interim condensed consolidated results of operations are not necessarily indicative of the results that may occur for the full fiscal year. Certain information and footnote disclosure normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP have been omitted pursuant to instructions, rules, and regulations prescribed by the SEC. The Company believes that the disclosures provided herein are adequate to make the information presented not misleading when these unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements are read in conjunction with the audited financial statements and notes previously distributed in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015. Reclassification Sales and marketing expenses of approximately $258,000 and $590,000 included in general and administrative expenses for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015, respectively, have been reclassified to sales and marketing expenses to conform to 2016 presentation. Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. In the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements, estimates are used for, but not limited to, valuation of common and preferred stock, stock ‑based compensation, the fair value of warrant liabilities and beneficial conversion features in convertible securities, recoverability of long ‑lived assets, deferred taxes and valuation allowances, depreciable lives of property and equipment, and estimated accruals for preclinical study costs, which are accrued based on estimates of work performed under contracts. Actual results could differ from those estimates; however management does not believe that such differences would be material. Segment Information Operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise about which separate discrete financial information is available for evaluation by the chief operating decision ‑maker, or decision ‑making group, in deciding how to allocate resources and in accessing performance. The Company views its operations and manages its business in one segment, glucose monitoring systems. Inventory Inventory is valued at the lower of cost to purchase or the market value of such inventory. Cost is determined using the standard cost method that approximates first in, first out. Market is determined by the lower of replacement cost or net realizable value. The Company periodically reviews inventory to determine if a write down is necessary for inventory that has become obsolete, inventory that has a cost basis less than net realizable value, and inventory in excess of future demand taking into consideration the product shelf life. Revenue Recognition Revenue is generated from sales of sensor kits, transmitter kits, and related supplies under agreements for research and third-party distributors that resell the product to customers. The Company is paid for its sales directly by third-party distributors, regardless of whether or not the distributors resell the products to their customers. The Company recognizes product sales revenue when all of the following criteria are met: persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists delivery has occurred the price is fixed or determinable; and collectability is probable. The Company offers no rights of return and has no significant post-delivery obligations and therefore, the above criteria are generally met as products are shipped to third-party distributors. Property and Equipment Property and equipment are stated at historical cost and depreciated on a straight ‑line basis over the estimated useful lives, generally five years. Equipment under capital leases is depreciated on a straight ‑line basis over the lesser of its estimated useful life or the lease term. Leasehold improvements are depreciated over the shorter of the remaining lease term or useful lives of the assets. Upon disposition of the assets, the costs and related accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts and any resulting gain or loss is included in the results of operations. Repairs and maintenance costs are included as expense in the accompanying statement of operations. Management reviews property and equipment for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability of the long ‑lived asset is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of the asset to future undiscounted net cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. If the undiscounted cash flows are less than the carrying amount, the impairment to be recognized is measured by the amount by which the carrying amount of the assets exceeds the estimated fair value of the assets. Management did not identify any indicators of impairment through June 30, 2016 . Research and Development Costs Research and development costs are expensed as incurred. Research and development expenses include costs related to employee compensation, preclinical studies and clinical trials, supplies, outsource testing, consulting and depreciation and other facilities ‑related expenses. Stock ‑Based Compensation The Company recognizes the cost of employee services received in exchange for awards of equity instruments, such as stock options, based on the fair value of those awards at the date of grant. The estimated fair value of stock options on the date of grant is amortized on a straight ‑line basis over the requisite service period for each separately vesting portion of the award for those awards with service conditions only. For awards that also contain performance conditions, expense is recognized beginning at the time the performance condition is considered probable of being met over the remaining vesting period. The Company uses the Black ‑Scholes option pricing model to determine the fair value of stock ‑option awards. Valuation of stock awards requires management to make assumptions and to apply judgment to determine the fair value of the awards. These assumptions and judgments include estimating the fair value of the Company’s common stock, future volatility of the Company’s stock price, dividend yields, future employee turnover rates, and future employee stock option exercise behaviors. Changes in these assumptions can affect the fair value estimate. Fair Value Disclosures The carrying amounts of short ‑term financial instruments, including cash and cash equivalents, prepaid expenses and other current assets, and accounts payable and other current liabilities approximate fair value as of June 30, 2016 , because of the relatively short ‑term maturity of these instruments. The fair value of the note payable approximates its carrying value as of June 30, 2016 and is based on the effective interest rate compared to the current market rates, which is a Level 2 fair value measurement. Income Taxes The Company uses the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on differences between the financial reporting and tax basis of assets and liabilities and are measured using the enacted tax rates and laws that are in effect when the differences are expected to reverse. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in the period that such tax rate changes are enacted. The measurement of a deferred tax asset is reduced, if necessary, by a valuation allowance if it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax asset will not be realized. Management uses a recognition threshold and a measurement attribute for the financial statement recognition and measurement of tax positions taken or expected to be taken in a tax return, as well as guidance on derecognition, classification, interest and penalties and financial statement reporting disclosures. For those benefits to be recognized, a tax position must be more-likely-than-not to be sustained upon examination by taxing authorities. In the ordinary course of business, transactions occur for which the ultimate outcome may be uncertain. Management does not expect the outcome related to accrued uncertain tax provisions to have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows. The Company recognizes interest and penalties accrued on any unrecognized tax exposures as a component of income tax expense. The Company did not have any amounts accrued relating to interest and penalties as of June 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015 . The Company is subject to taxation in various jurisdictions in the United States and remains subject to examination by taxing jurisdictions for the year 1996 and all subsequent periods due to the availability of net operating loss carryforwards. In addition, all of the net operating losses and research and development credit carryforwards that may be used in future years are still subject to adjustment. N et Loss per Share Basic net loss per share is computed by dividing net loss by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. For periods of net loss, diluted net loss per share is calculated similarly to basic loss per share because the impact of all potential dilutive common shares is anti ‑dilutive. The total number of anti ‑dilutive shares, consisting of common stock options and stock purchase warrants exercisable for common stock, which have been excluded from the computation of diluted loss per share, was 11,354,147 and 8,321,198 common stock options and 5,127,176 and 5,010,595 stock purchase warrants, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively. Recent Accounting Pronouncements In March 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued guidance simplifying the accounting for and financial statement disclosure of stock-based compensation awards. Under the guidance, all excess tax benefits and tax deficiencies related to stock-based compensation awards are to be recognized as income tax expenses or benefits in the income statement and excess tax benefits should be classified along with other income tax cash flows in the operating activities section of the statement of cash flows. Under the guidance, companies can also elect to either estimate the number of awards that are expected to vest or account for forfeitures as they occur. In addition, the guidance amends some of the other stock-based compensation awards guidance to more clearly articulate the requirements and cash flow presentation for withholding shares for tax-withholding purposes. The guidance is effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016 and early adoption is permitted, though all amendments of the guidance must be adopted in the same period. The adoption of certain amendments of the guidance must be applied prospectively, and adoption of the remaining amendments must be applied either on a modified retrospective basis or retrospectively to all periods presented. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that this guidance will have on its consolidated financial statements. In February 2016, the FASB issued guidance for the accounting for leases . The guidance requires lessees to recognize assets and liabilities related to long-term leases on the balance sheet and expands disclosure requirements regarding leasing arrangements. The guidance is effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018 and early adoption is permitted. The guidance must be adopted on a modified retrospective basis and provides for certain practical expedients. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that this guidance will have on its consolidated financial statements. In November 2015, the FASB issued guidance simplifying the balance sheet classification of deferred taxes. The new guidance requires that all deferred taxes be presented as noncurrent, rather than separated into current and noncurrent amounts. The guidance is effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016 and early adoption is permitted. In addition, the adoption of guidance can be applied either prospectively or retrospectively to all periods presented. T he Company is currently evaluating the impact that this guidance will have on its consolidated financial statements. In July 2015, the FASB issued guidance for inventory. Under the guidance, an entity should measure inventory within the scope of this guidance at the lower of cost and net realizable value, except when inventory is measured using the last in first out method or the retail inventory method. Net realizable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less reasonably predictable costs of completion, disposal, and transportation. In addition, the FASB has amended some of the other inventory guidance to more clearly articulate the requirements for the measurement and disclosure of inventory. The guidance is effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016. The guidance should be applied prospectively, with earlier application permitted. The Company adopted this guidance for the year ended December 31, 2016, on a prospective basis. The adoption of this new guidance did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements . In April 2015, the FASB issued guidance as to whether a cloud computing arrangement (e.g., software as a service, platform as a service, infrastructure as a service, and other similar hosting arrangements) includes a software license and, based on that determination, how to account for such arrangements. If a cloud computing arrangement includes a software license, then the customer should account for the software license element of the arrangement consistent with the acquisition of other software licenses. If a cloud computing arrangement does not include a software license, the customer should account for the arrangement as a service contract. The guidance is effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2015, and can be adopted on either a prospective or retrospective basis. The Company adopted this guidance for the year ended December 31, 2016, on a prospective basis. The adoption of this new guidance did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. In April 2015, the FASB issued guidance to simplify the balance sheet disclosure for debt issuance costs. Under the guidance, debt issuance costs related to a recognized debt liability are presented in the balance sheet as a direct deduction from the carrying amount of that debt liability, in the same manner as debt discounts, rather than as an asset. In August 2015, the FASB issued guidance clarifying debt issuance costs related to line-of-credit arrangements, which guidance states that the SEC does not object to an entity deferring and presenting debt issuance costs as an asset and subsequently amortizing the deferred debt issuance costs ratably over the term of the line-of-credit arrangement, regardless of whether there are any outstanding borrowings on the line-of-credit. The guidance is effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2015 and must be adopted on a retrospective basis. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that this guidance will have on its consolidated financial statements. In May 2014, the FASB issued guidance for revenue recognition for contracts, superseding the previous revenue recognition requirements, along with most existing industry-specific guidance. The guidance requires an entity to review contracts in five steps: 1) identify the contract, 2) identify performance obligations, 3) determine the transaction price, 4) allocate the transaction price, and 5) recognize revenue. The new standard will result in enhanced disclosures regarding the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue arising from contracts with customers. In August 2015, the FASB issued guidance approving a one-year deferral, making the standard effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, with early adoption permitted only for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016. In March 2016, the FASB issued guidance to clarify the implementation guidance on principal versus agent considerations for reporting revenue gross rather than net, with the same deferred effective date. In April 2016, the FASB issued guidance to clarify the implementation guidance on identifying performance obligations and the accounting for licenses of intellectual property, with the same deferred effective date. In May 2016, the FASB issued guidance rescinding SEC paragraphs related to revenue recognition, pursuant to two SEC Staff Announcements at the March 3, 2016 Emerging Issues Task Force meeting. In May 2016, the FASB also issued guidance to clarify the implementation guidance on assessing collectability, presentation of sales tax, noncash consideration, and contracts and contract modifications at transition, with the same effective date. The Company is currently evaluating the impact, if any, that this guidance will have on its consolidated financial statements. The Company has evaluated all other issued unadopted Accounting Standards Updates and believes the adoption of these standards will not have a material impact on its consolidated statements of earnings, balance sheets, or cash flows. |