Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Principles of Consolidation The accompanying consolidated financial statements of Wayfair Inc. include its wholly owned subsidiaries including the accounts of Wayfair LLC and its wholly owned subsidiaries (collectively the "Company" or "Wayfair"). All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated. Below is a summary of the wholly-owned subsidiaries of the Company with operations: Subsidiary Location Wayfair LLC USA Wayfair Securities Corporation USA SK Retail, Inc. USA Wayfair Stores Limited Republic of Ireland Wayfair (UK) Limited United Kingdom Wayfair GmbH Germany Wayfair (BVI) Ltd. British Virgin Islands Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("GAAP") requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities, at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reported period. On an ongoing basis, management evaluates these estimates and judgments, including those related to revenue recognition, capitalization of site and software development costs, stock-based compensation, and inventory. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Cash and Cash Equivalents The Company considers all highly liquid investments purchased with an original maturity (at the date of purchase) of three months or less to be the equivalent of cash for the purpose of consolidated balance sheets and statements of cash flows presentation. Cash equivalents, which consist primarily of money market accounts, are carried at cost, which approximates market value. Restricted Cash As of December 31, 2015 and 2014 , there was $5.0 million and $0.3 million , respectively, of cash that was restricted from withdrawal and held by banks to guarantee the Company's letters of credit issued principally for certain vendor arrangements and to secure certain property leases, respectively. Short-Term Investments Short-term investments consist of certificates of deposits and marketable securities with original maturities of greater than three months and mature in less than twelve months. Accounts Receivable Accounts receivable are stated at the amount management expects to collect from outstanding balances. The Company estimates the allowance for doubtful accounts based on historical losses, existing economic conditions, and other information available at the consolidated balance sheets dates. Uncollectible amounts are written off against the allowance after all collection efforts have been exhausted. Marketable Securities The Company classifies its marketable securities as “available-for-sale” securities. Available-for-sale securities are classified as short term investments and long-term investments on the consolidated balance sheets and are carried at fair value. Unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale securities that are considered temporary are recorded, net of taxes, in the “Accumulated other comprehensive loss” caption of the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. Unrealized losses, excluding losses related to the credit rating of the security (credit losses), on available-for-sale securities that are considered other-than-temporary but relate to securities that the Company (i) does not intend to sell and (ii) will not be required to sell below cost are also recorded, net of taxes, in “Accumulated other comprehensive loss.” Further, the Company does not believe it will be required to sell such securities below cost. Therefore, the only other-than-temporary losses the Company records in “Other income, net” in its consolidated statements of operations are related to credit losses. As of December 31, 2015 , the Company’s available-for-sale securities consisted of investment securities. The maturities of the Company’s long-term marketable securities generally range from one to three years. As of December 31, 2015 , the Company’s available-for-sale securities primarily consisted of corporate bonds and other government obligations that are priced at fair value. Fair Value of Financial Instruments The Company's financial assets and liabilities are measured at fair value, which is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date (exit price). The three levels of inputs used to measure fair value are as follows: • Level 1—Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities • Level 2—Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for similar assets or liabilities, unadjusted quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, or inputs other than quoted prices that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full-term of the asset or liability • Level 3—Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the asset or liability This hierarchy requires the Company to use observable market data, when available, and to minimize the use of unobservable inputs when determining fair value. The Company measures its cash equivalents and short-term and long-term investments at fair value. The Company classifies its cash equivalents and restricted cash within Level 1 because the Company values these investments using quoted market prices. The fair value of the Company's Level 1 financial assets is based on quoted market prices of the identical underlying security. The Company classifies short-term and long-term investments within Level 2 because unadjusted quoted prices for identical or similar assets in markets are not active. The Company does not have any assets or liabilities classified as Level 3 financial assets. Refer to Note 3, Fair Value Measurements , for additional detail. Concentrations of Credit Risk Financial instruments that subject the Company to credit risk consist of cash and cash equivalents, short-term and long-term investments, and accounts receivable. The risk with respect to cash and cash equivalents and short-term and long-term investments is minimized by the Company's policy of investing in financial instruments (i.e., cash equivalents) with near-term maturities issued by highly rated financial institutions. At times, these balances may exceed federally insured limits; however, to date, the Company has not incurred any losses on these investments. As of December 31, 2015 and 2014 , the Company had $3.9 million and $2.1 million , respectively, in banks located outside the United States. The risk with respect to accounts receivable is managed by the Company through its policy of monitoring the creditworthiness of its customers to which it grants credit terms in the normal course of business. Leases The Company leases office space in several countries around the world under non-cancelable lease agreements. The Company generally leases its office facilities under operating lease agreements. Office facilities subject to an operating lease and the related lease payments are not recorded on the balance sheet. The terms of certain lease agreements provide for rental payments on a graduated basis, however, the Company recognizes rent expense on a straight-line basis over the lease period in accordance with authoritative accounting guidance. Any lease incentives are recognized as reductions of rental expense on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. The lease term begins on the date the Company becomes legally obligated for the rent payments or when it takes possession of the office space, whichever is earlier. The Company establishes assets and liabilities for the estimated construction costs incurred under lease arrangements where the Company is considered the owner for accounting purposes only, or build-to-suit leases, to the extent the Company is involved in the construction of structural improvements or take construction risk prior to commencement of a lease. Upon occupancy of facilities under build-to-suit leases, the Company assesses whether these arrangements qualify for sales recognition under the sale-leaseback accounting guidance. If the Company continues to be the deemed owner, the facilities are accounted for as financing leases. Foreign Currency Translation The functional currency of the Company is the United States dollar, while the functional currency of certain wholly-owned subsidiaries outside of the United States is as follows: Subsidiary Currency Wayfair Stores Limited Euro Wayfair (UK) Limited Pound sterling Wayfair GmbH Euro Wayfair (BVI) Ltd. Euro The financial statements of the Company are translated to United States dollars using year-end exchange rates as to assets and liabilities and average exchange rates as to revenue and expenses. Capital accounts are translated at their historical exchange rates when the capital transaction occurred. The effects of foreign currency translation are included in other comprehensive loss in the consolidated statements of comprehensive loss. Transaction gains and losses are included in the Company's consolidated statements of operations. Translation adjustments arising from the use of differing exchange rates from period to period are included in accumulated other comprehensive loss within total stockholders' equity. Inventories Inventories consisting of finished goods are stated at the lower of cost or market, determined by the first-in, first-out (FIFO) method, and consist of product for resale. Inventory costs consist of cost of product and inbound shipping and handling costs. Inventory costs also include direct and indirect labor costs, rents and depreciation expenses associated with the Company's fulfillment centers. Inventory valuation requires the Company to make judgments, based on currently-available information, about the likely method of disposition, such as through sales to individual customers, liquidations, and expected recoverable values of each disposition category. Goods In-Transit Goods in-transit directly from suppliers to customers are recorded in prepaid expenses and other current assets. Risk of loss and the transfer of title from the supplier to the Company occur at freight on board shipping point. As of December 31, 2015 and 2014 , goods in-transit amounted to $34.1 million , and $19.6 million , respectively. Property and Equipment Property and equipment are stated at cost, net of depreciation and amortization. Depreciation and amortization on property and equipment is calculated on the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets as follows: Class Range of Life (In Years) Furniture and computer equipment 3 to 7 Site and software development costs 2 Leasehold improvements The lesser of useful life or lease term Site and Software Development Costs The Company capitalizes costs associated with the development of its sites and internal-use software products after the preliminary project stage is complete and until the software is ready for its intended use. The capitalized costs are amortized over a two-year period. Costs incurred in the preliminary stages of development, after the software is ready for its intended use and for maintenance of internal-use software are expensed as incurred. Upgrade and enhancements are capitalized to the extent they will result in added functionality. Total costs capitalized, net of accumulated amortization, totaled $18.1 million and $14.2 million as of December 31, 2015 and 2014 , respectively, and are included in property and equipment, net in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. Amortization expense for the years ended December 31, 2015 , 2014 and 2013 were $15.3 million , $9.9 million , and $7.0 million , respectively. Capitalized site and software development costs are included in property and equipment within our consolidated balance sheets. Goodwill Goodwill represents the excess of cost over the fair value of tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed. Goodwill is not amortized, but is subject to an annual impairment test, or more frequently as impairment indicators arise. The Company tests goodwill for impairment at least annually. The Company reviews goodwill for impairment on the last day of its fiscal year and whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of this asset may exceed its fair value. The assessment is performed at the reporting unit level. The Company first assesses qualitative factors to determine whether the existence of events or circumstances leads to a determination that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. If, after assessing the totality of events or circumstances, an entity determines it is not more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, then the two-step impairment test is not required. If the qualitative assessment requires the Company to perform the two-step goodwill impairment test to identify potential goodwill impairment, then the first step is to compare the fair value of the reporting unit to the book value including goodwill. If the fair value of the reporting unit exceeds the book value, goodwill is not impaired. If the book value exceeds the fair value, the second step of the process is performed to measure the amount of impairment. Long-Lived Assets The Company reviews long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances, such as service discontinuance or technological obsolescence, indicate that the carrying amount of the long-lived asset may not be recoverable. When such events occur, the Company compares the carrying amount of the asset to the undiscounted expected future cash flows related to the asset. If the comparison indicates that an impairment exists, the amount of the impairment is calculated as the difference between the excess of the carrying amount over the fair value of the asset. If a readily determinable market price does not exist, fair value is estimated using discounted expected cash flows attributable to the asset. For the years ended December 31, 2015 , 2014 and 2013 , no impairment of long-lived assets or identifiable intangibles had been indicated. Revenue Recognition The Company generates net revenue through product sales generated primarily through the sites of the Company's five distinct brands and through sites operated by third parties. The Company recognizes revenue only when the following four criteria are met: (1) persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists; (2) delivery has occurred; (3) the selling price is fixed or determinable; and (4) collectability is reasonably assured. The Company recognizes net revenue from sales of its products, upon delivery to the customer. The Company records product revenue at the gross amount as the Company is the primary obligor with the customer and provides the primary customer service for all products sold on its sites, has latitude in establishing price and selecting products sold on its sites, has discretion in selecting suppliers of products sold on its sites, maintains inventory risk from shipment through delivery date and upon accepting returns, and has credit risk. Net revenue includes shipping costs charged to the customer and is recorded net of taxes collected from customers, which are remitted to governmental authorities. Cash discounts, returns and rebates are deducted from gross revenue in determining net revenue. In addition, the Company defers revenue when cash is collected from its customer prior to the satisfaction of the revenue recognition criteria. The Company maintains a membership rewards program that allows enrolled customers to earn points which can be redeemed for future purchases. The Company defers a portion of its revenue associated with rewards that are ultimately expected to be redeemed prior to expiration. The Company also earns revenue through third-party advertisers that pay based on the number of advertisement related clicks, actions, or impressions for advertisements placed on the Company's sites. Revenue earned under these arrangements is included in net revenue and is recognized in the period in which the click, action, or impression occurs. Vendor Rebates The Company earns rebates under a volume incentive programs with its suppliers. These rebates are earned upon shipment of goods. Amounts earned and due from suppliers under these rebate programs are included in other current assets on the consolidated balance sheets and are reflected as a reduction of cost of goods sold on the consolidated statements of operations. Vendor allowances received by the Company reduce the carrying cost of inventory and are recognized in cost of goods sold when the related inventory is sold. Costs of Goods Sold Cost of goods sold consists of the cost of product sold to customers, shipping and handling costs and shipping supplies and fulfillment costs. Fulfillment costs include costs incurred in operating and staffing the fulfillment centers, such as costs attributed to receiving, inspecting, picking, packaging and preparing customer orders for shipment. Cost of goods sold also includes direct and indirect labor costs for fulfillment center oversight, including payroll and related benefit costs. Advertising Costs Expenditures for advertising are expensed in the period that the advertising first takes place. Advertising expense amounted to approximately $278.2 million , $191.3 million , and $108.5 million in the years ended December 31, 2015 , 2014 , and 2013 , respectively. Included in prepaid expenses at December 31, 2015 and 2014 are approximately $1.2 million and $0.6 million , respectively, of prepaid advertising costs. Merchant Processing Fees Merchant processing fees totaling $46.9 million , $27.6 million , and $19.4 million in the years ended December 31, 2015 , 2014 , and 2013 , respectively, are included in customer service and merchant fees expense in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. These fees are charged by third parties that provide merchant processing services for credit cards and debit cards. Retail Partner Fees The Company sells its products through sites owned and operated by third-party online retailers, or retail partners. The Company pays a fee for sales generated through these sites and records them as merchant processing fees and advertising costs. Retail partner fees included in merchant processing fees are $3.5 million , $4.4 million , and $4.3 million for the years ended December 31, 2015 , 2014 , and 2013 , respectively. Retail partner fees included in advertising costs are $20.2 million , $24.3 million , and $25.2 million for the years ended December 31, 2015 , 2014 , and 2013 , respectively. Equity-Based Compensation The Company accounts for its equity-based compensation awards in accordance with ASC Topic 718, Compensation—Stock Compensation ("ASC 718"). ASC 718 requires all equity-based payments to employees, to be recognized as expense in the statements of operations based on their grant date fair values. The Company has granted stock options, restricted shares and restricted stock units. Since April 2011, the Company has only granted restricted stock units and has not granted any stock options or restricted stock. Restricted stock unit values are determined based on the quoted market price of our Class A common stock on the date of grant. The Company accounts for equity awards to non-employees in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 505-50, Equity-Based Payments to Non-Employees , which requires the fair value of an award to non-employees be remeasured at fair value as the award vests. The Company estimated the grant date fair value of each common stock option award using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. The use of the Black-Scholes option-pricing model required management to make assumptions with respect to the expected term of the option, the expected volatility of the common stock consistent with the expected life of the option, risk-free interest rates and expected dividend yields of the common stock. Until its IPO in October 2014, the fair value of restricted stock and restricted stock units on the date of grant was determined by the board. Since April 2011, the Company has only granted restricted stock units and has not granted any stock options or restricted stock. Since our IPO, restricted stock unit values are determined based on the quoted market price of our common stock on the date of grant. Prior to the IPO the Company periodically determined for financial reporting purposes the estimated fair value of our common stock at various dates using contemporaneous valuations performed in accordance with the guidance outlined in the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants Practice Aid, Valuation of Privately Held Company Equity Securities Issued as Compensation, also known as the Practice Aid. The Company generally used the income and market approaches prescribed in the Practice Aid, in particular the income approach's discounted cash flow method, which was based on the Company's projections and estimated discount rate and the guideline public company, guideline transactions and precedent transaction methodologies, based on inputs from comparable public companies' equity valuations, comparable acquisition transactions and transactions in the Company's own equity securities, to estimate the enterprise value of the company. In connection with the preparation of the financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2013, the Company undertook a retrospective reassessment of the fair market value of its common stock for certain of its 2013 grants for financial reporting purposes. As part of that reassessment, the Company determined that the grant date fair values of its May, August and November 2013 grants to be $6.46 , $10.88 and $20.87 , respectively. The fair value previously determined at various valuation dates increased substantially in 2013 and there was no particular transaction or event that caused this increase. The grants made in May, August and November 2013 were between the dates when the Company performed its valuation. Accordingly, the Company calculated grant date fair value for these grants on a linear basis between each valuation date and believe it to be a reasonable method. Similarly, in connection with the preparation of the financial statements for the quarter ended September 30, 2014, the Company undertook a retrospective reassessment of the fair market value of our common stock for our grants made in September 2014 to be equal to our October 2, 2014 IPO price of $29.00 . Income Taxes Income taxes are accounted for under the asset and liability method. Under the asset and liability method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. The Company records valuation allowances to reduce deferred income tax assets to the amount that is more likely than not to be realized. The Company determines whether it is more likely than not that a tax position will be sustained upon examination. If it is not more likely than not that a position will be sustained, no amount of benefit attributable to the position is recognized. The tax benefit to be recognized of any tax position that meets the more likely than not recognition threshold is calculated as the largest amount that is more than 50% likely of being realized upon resolution of the contingency. Prior to the IPO, the Company's main operating entity had not been subject to U.S. federal income taxes as it was organized as a limited liability company. As such, the taxable income or loss was passed through to and included in the tax returns of the members. The Company was subject to entity level taxation in certain states, and certain domestic and foreign subsidiaries were subject to entity level U.S. and foreign income taxes. As a result of the internal restructuring prior to the IPO, a portion of the Company's income will be subject to U.S. federal, state, local, and foreign income taxes and taxed at the prevailing corporate tax rates. Net Loss Attributable to Common Stockholders Per Share The Company follows the two-class method when computing net loss attributable to common stockholders per share as the Company had issued shares that meet the definition of participating securities which converted to common stock upon the IPO. Prior to the corporate reorganization, the Company's convertible redeemable preferred units contractually entitled the holders of such units to participate in dividends, but did not contractually require the holders of such units to participate in losses of the Company. Accordingly, in periods prior to 2014 in which the Company reports a net loss or a net loss attributable to common stockholders resulting from preferred stock dividends or accretion, net losses are not allocated to participating securities. After the IPO the Company has continued to follow the two-class method because it has issued two classes of common stock—Class A and Class B. Basic net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders per share is computed by dividing the net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common stock outstanding for the period. For periods in which the Company has reported net losses, diluted net loss per share attributable to common shareholders is the same as basic net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, since dilutive common stock are not assumed to have been issued if their effect is anti-dilutive. Subsequent Events The Company considers events or transactions that have occurred after the balance sheet date of December 31, 2015 , but prior to the filing of the financial statements with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, to provide additional evidence relative to certain estimates or to identify matters that require additional recognition or disclosure. Subsequent events have been evaluated through the filing of these financial statements. Recent Accounting Pronouncements In February 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") No. 2016-02, "Leases" ("ASU 2016-02"). This ASU revises the accounting related to leases by requiring lessees to recognize a lease liability and a right-of-use asset for all leases. The new lease guidance also simplifies the accounting for sale and leaseback transactions. This ASU is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018 and early adoption is permitted. Management is currently evaluating the impact of the adoption of this ASU on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. In November 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-17, "Income Taxes (Topic 740): Balance Sheet Classification of Deferred Taxes" ("ASU 2015-17"). The standard requires that deferred tax assets and liabilities be classified as noncurrent on the balance sheet rather than being separated into current and noncurrent. The Company early adopted its provisions during fiscal year 2015 on a prospective basis. Accordingly, as permitted by ASU 2015-17, the current deferred taxes have been classified as noncurrent on the Balance Sheet. The prospective adoption of ASU 2015-17 does not require a restatement of prior year balances; as such, they have not been adjusted. In August 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-15, "Presentation of Financial Statements, Going Concern." ("ASU 2014-15"). ASU-2014-15 will explicitly require management to assess an entity’s ability to continue as a going concern, and to provide related footnote disclosure in certain circumstances. The new standard will be effective for all entities in the first annual period ending after December 15, 2016 and earlier adoption is permitted. Management does not expect that the application of ASU 2014-15 will have an impact on the Company’s financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers" ("ASU 2014-09"). This ASU is a comprehensive new revenue recognition model that requires a company to recognize revenue to depict the transfer of goods or services to a customer at an amount that reflects the consideration it expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services. This ASU is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016 and early adoption is not permitted. Accordingly, the Company will adopt this ASU on January 1, 2017. Management is currently evaluating which transition approach to use and the impact of the adoption of this ASU on the Company’s financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. |