Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation The accompanying interim condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company include the operations of all its wholly‑owned subsidiaries and have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”). Such operations include the Company, Nexvet Australia, NVIP Pty Limited, Nexvet Ireland Limited, Tevxen Limited, BioNua Limited, Nexvet UK Limited and Nexvet US, Inc. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated on consolidation. The Company’s fiscal year ends on June 30, and references to any fiscal year are to the Company’s year ended June 30 in that year. Unaudited Interim Financial Information The accompanying interim condensed consolidated financial statements and related disclosures as of December 31, 2015 and for the three and six months ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 are unaudited and have been prepared in accordance with the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). The unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the same basis as the audited consolidated financial statements and, in the opinion of management, reflect all adjustments, which include only normal recurring adjustments, necessary for the fair statement of the Company’s financial position as of December 31, 2015 and the results of its operations and comprehensive loss and its cash flows for the three and six months ended December 31, 2015 and 2014. The financial data and other information disclosed in these notes related to the three and six months ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 are unaudited. The results for the three and six months ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected for a full year, any other interim periods or any future year or period. These interim condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes as of and for the year ended June 30, 2015 included in the Company’s annual report on Form 10‑K filed with the SEC on September 3, 2015. The condensed consolidated balance sheet data as of June 30, 2015 was derived from audited consolidated financial statements. Use of Estimates The preparation of the condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions relating to the reported amount of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the condensed consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the period. Significant items subject to such estimates and assumptions include research and development incentive income, research and development accruals, the likelihood that attaching conditions will be met for government grants, share-based payments, valuation of warrants, options and restricted share units and deferred income taxes. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Net Loss Per Share Net loss per share information is determined using the two-class method, which includes the weighted-average number of ordinary shares outstanding during the period and other securities that participate in dividends (a participating security). The Company’s convertible preference shares were participating securities as defined by Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 260‑10, Earnings Per Share Under the two-class method, basic net loss per share applicable to ordinary shareholders is computed by dividing the net loss applicable to ordinary shareholders by the weighted-average number of ordinary shares outstanding for the reporting period. Diluted net loss per share gives effect to all potentially dilutive securities, including convertible preference shares and shares issuable upon the exercise or conversion, as applicable, of outstanding warrants, share options and restricted share units, using the treasury shares method. The Company has excluded the effects of all potentially dilutive shares, which include convertible preference shares, warrants to purchase ordinary shares, ordinary share options, restricted share units and the ordinary shares issued subject to limited recourse loans, from the weighted-average number of ordinary shares outstanding as their inclusion in the computation for all periods would be anti-dilutive due to net losses. Cash As of December 31, 2015 and June 30, 2015, the Company’s cash consisted of cash deposited in a business operating account or in short-term deposit accounts of less than 90 days’ original duration. Concentration of Credit Risk and Other Risks and Uncertainties The Company receives research and development incentive income and grants from two sources, the Australian government and the Irish government. The Company’s cash is deposited with several large commercial banks located in the United States, Ireland and Australia that are federally insured or guaranteed, limiting the amount of credit exposure to any one financial institution. The Company’s cash balances with these financial institutions often exceed the amount insured. The Company is subject to risks common to companies in the biotechnology industry. The Company’s research and development may not be successfully completed, adequate protection for the Company’s technology may not be obtained, any products developed may not obtain necessary government regulatory approval and any approved products may not be commercially viable. The Company operates in an environment of substantial competition from other animal health companies, some of which have substantially more resources at their disposal. In addition, the Company is dependent upon the services of its employees and consultants, as well as third-party contract research organizations and manufacturers. Fair Value Measurements The Company records certain assets and liabilities at fair value in accordance with the provisions of ASC Topic 820, Fair Value Measurements · Level 1—Unadjusted quoted prices in active, accessible markets for identical assets or liabilities. · Level 2—Other inputs that are directly or indirectly observable in the marketplace. · Level 3—Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity. The fair value hierarchy also requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. The Company’s material financial instruments include cash, other income receivables, accrued liabilities and warrants. The carrying amounts of these instruments are considered to be representative of their respective fair values because of the short-term nature of those investments. Other Income Receivable Other income receivable is recorded at the invoiced amount where available. Government grants are recognized at their fair value when there is reasonable assurance that the grant will be received and all attaching conditions will be complied with. Nexvet Australia is eligible under the AusIndustry research and development tax incentive program to obtain a cash amount from the Australian Taxation Office (“ATO”). The tax incentive is available to Nexvet Australia on the basis of specific criteria with which Nexvet Australia must comply. Specifically, Nexvet Australia must have revenue of less than A$20 million and cannot be controlled by income tax exempt entities. Property, Plant and Equipment Property, plant and equipment are recorded at acquisition cost, net of accumulated depreciation and impairment. Depreciation on property and equipment is calculated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets. The estimated useful life of machinery and equipment is three to 10 years. Leasehold improvements are amortized on the straight-line method over the shorter of the remaining lease term or estimated useful life of the asset. Upon retirement or sale of an asset, its cost and related accumulated depreciation or accumulated amortization are removed from the property accounts and any gain or loss is included in the results of operations. Maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred. Foreign Currency The Company’s functional currency is U.S dollars, and the functional currency for most subsidiaries is their local currency. Foreign currency transactions are translated into the functional currency using the current exchange rate as of the date of the transaction. At period end, monetary items denominated in a foreign currency are translated into the functional currency of the relevant entity using the period-end spot rate. In preparing the Company’s consolidated financial statements, the financial statements of the subsidiaries are translated at period-end exchange rates as to assets and liabilities and weighted-average rates as to revenue and expenses. The resulting translation adjustments are recognized in other comprehensive income (loss) (“OCI”). Income Taxes The Company has historically filed income tax returns in Australia, the United States and Ireland. The Company applies ASC Topic 740, Income Taxes When the Company determines that it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized in the future, the deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance. The valuation allowance is sufficient to reduce the deferred tax assets to the amount that the Company determines is more likely than not to be realized. The income tax benefit from an uncertain tax position is only recognized if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by taxing authorities, based on technical merits of the position. The Company evaluates and adjusts these accruals based on changing facts and circumstances. The Company’s policy is to record interest and penalties related to income taxes as part of its income tax provision. Government Grant Income Government grants are recognized at their fair value when there is reasonable assurance that the grant will be received and all attaching conditions will be complied with. When the grant relates to an asset, the fair value is included in the balance sheet as deferred grant income, which is released to income over the expected useful life in a manner consistent with the depreciation method for the relevant asset and subject to meeting other relevant conditions, and recorded on the balance sheet as other income receivable until cash is received. When the grant relates to an expense item, it is recognized as income over the periods necessary to match the grant on a systematic basis to the costs that it is intended to compensate. Research and Development Expense Research and development costs are expensed as incurred and consist primarily of (i) payroll and related expense for all employees engaged in scientific research and development functions, including wages, related benefits and share-based compensation, (ii) fees for regulatory, professional and other consultants and (iii) development costs, including costs of drug discovery, safety, proof‑of‑concept, pilot and pivotal safety and efficacy studies, development of biological materials and service providers. The Company uses its employee and infrastructure resources across multiple development programs. The Company allocates outsourced development costs by lead product candidates but does not allocate personnel or other internal costs related to development to specific product candidates. General and Administrative Expense General and administrative expense consists primarily of non-research and development-related payroll and related expense for employees, consultants and directors, including wages, related benefits and share-based compensation. General and administrative expense also includes professional and consulting fees for legal, accounting, tax services and other general business services, as well other expenses such as travel, rent and facilities costs. Other Income (Expense) Nexvet Australia is eligible under the AusIndustry research and development tax incentive program to obtain a cash amount from the ATO. The tax incentive is available to Nexvet Australia on the basis of specific criteria with which Nexvet Australia must comply. Although the tax incentive is administered through the ATO, the Company has accounted for the tax incentive outside the scope of ASC Topic 740, Income Taxes The Company recognizes government grant income at fair value when there is reasonable assurance that the grant will be received and all attaching conditions will be complied with. When the grant relates to an asset, the fair value is included in the balance sheet as deferred grant income, which is released to income over the expected useful life in a manner consistent with the depreciation method for the relevant asset and subject to meeting other relevant conditions, and recorded on the balance sheet as other income receivable until cash is received. When the grant relates to an expense item, it is recognized as income over the periods necessary to match the grant on a systematic basis to the costs that it is intended to compensate. Exchange (loss) gain consists primarily of losses or gains due to foreign exchange translation, primarily reflecting changes in Australian and U.S. foreign exchange rates. Under U.S. GAAP, these (losses) gains relate to a translation of U.S. dollar-denominated bank accounts into Nexvet Australia’s Australian dollar functional currency and represent a non-cash item. The Company earns interest on the cash balances held with financial institutions and recognizes interest when earned on an accrual basis over time. Comprehensive Loss Comprehensive loss is defined as the total change in shareholders’ equity during the period other than from transactions with shareholders, which for the Company includes net change in foreign currency translation adjustments. Share-Based Compensation The Company’s share-based compensation plan (see Note 9) provides for the grant of share options, restricted share units and other share-based awards. The fair value of share options is determined as of the date of grant using the binomial option-pricing model. This method incorporates the fair value of the Company’s ordinary shares at the date of each grant and various assumptions such as the risk-free interest rate, expected volatility based on the historic volatility of peer companies, expected dividend yield, and expected term of the share option. Restricted share units are valued at the fair value of the underlying ordinary shares as of the date of grant. The Company classifies share-based compensation expense in the statements of operations and comprehensive loss in the same manner in which the award recipient’s payroll costs are classified. The Company recognizes share-based compensation expense based on the grant date fair value of the entire award over the total period during which an employee is required to provide service in exchange for the award. In accordance with ASC 718, the amount of compensation expense recognized at each balance date is at least equal to the grant date fair value of the vested portion of the award on that date. Where performance conditions are attached to the awards, compensation expense is recognized in the period in which it becomes probable that the performance target will be achieved, net of estimated pre-vesting forfeitures over the requisite service period. The probability of vesting is reassessed at each reporting period for awards with performance conditions and compensation expense is adjusted based on its probability assessment. Equity instruments issued to non-employees, including consultants, are accounted for in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) guidance. All transactions in which services are the consideration received for the issuance of equity instruments are accounted for based on the fair value of the consideration received or the fair value of the equity instrument issued, whichever is more reliably measurable. The measurement date of the fair value of the equity instrument issued is the earlier of the date on which the counterparty’s performance is complete or the date on which it is probable that performance will occur. For transactions where the fair value of the equity instrument issued to non-employees is the more reliable measurement and a measurement date has not been reached, the fair value is re-measured at each balance sheet date using the binomial option-pricing model. Compensation expense for these share-based awards is recognized over the term of the consulting agreement or until the award is approved and settled. Segment Data The Company manages its operations as a single segment for the purposes of assessing performance and making operating decisions. The Company is a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company focusing on developing therapies for companion animals. Total assets, property and equipment, net and total property and equipment additions by geography, reconciled to the consolidated amounts are: December 31, June 2015 2015 United States (in thousands) Total assets $ 36,160 $ 38,973 Property and equipment, net 10 4 Total property and equipment additions 3 4 Australia Total assets $ 9,054 $ 17,259 Property and equipment, net 1,122 538 Total property and equipment additions 695 283 Ireland Total assets $ 3,429 $ 440 Property and equipment, net 1,965 7 Total property and equipment additions 2,096 7 Consolidated Total assets $ 48,643 $ 56,672 Property and equipment, net 3,097 549 Total property and equipment additions 2,794 294 Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements The Company has early adopted the provisions of Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”), No. 2014-10, Elimination of Certain Financial Requirements, Including an Amendment to Variable Interest Entities Guidance Topic in Topic 810 Consolidation Consolidation Development Stage Entities Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. · Contracts with customers —including revenue and impairments recognized, disaggregation of revenue and information about contract balances and performance obligations (including the transaction price allocated to the remaining performance obligations). · Significant judgments and changes in judgments —determining the timing of satisfaction of performance obligations (over time or at a point in time), and determining the transaction price and amounts allocated to performance obligations. · Certain assets —assets recognized from the costs to obtain or fulfill a contract. In July 2015, the FASB delayed the effective date of this guidance. As a result, this guidance will be effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within that reporting period. Earlier application is permitted only as of annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016, including interim periods within that reporting period. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that this guidance will have on the Company’s consolidated results of operations, financial position and cash flows. In June 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-12, Compensation—Stock Compensation Compensation—Stock Compensation In August 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-15, Presentation of Financial Statements Going Concern (Subtopic 205-40) In September 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-16, Business Combinations (Topic 805) In November 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-17, Income Taxes (Topic 740) Balance Sheet Classification of Deferred Taxes In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-01, Financial Instruments Overall (Subtopic 825-10) Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities |