Convertible Senior Notes | NOTE 5. CONVERTI BLE SENIOR NOTES 2023 Notes In January 2018, we issued the 2023 Notes with a 0 % interest rate for an aggregate principal amount of $ 575.0 million, due in 2023, in a private placement to qualified institutional buyers pursuant to Rule144A under the Securities Act. This included $ 75.0 million in aggregate principal amount of the 2023 Notes that we issued resulting from initial purchasers fully exercising their option to purchase additional notes. There are no required principal payments on the 2023 Notes prior to their maturity. The total net proceeds from the issuance of the 2023 Notes were as follows: Amount (in thousands) Principal amount $ 575,000 Less: initial purchasers' discount ( 10,781 ) Less: cost of the bond hedges ( 143,175 ) Add: proceeds from the sale of warrants 87,975 Less: other issuance costs ( 707 ) Net proceeds $ 508,312 The 2023 Notes do not bear any interest and will mature on January 15, 2023, unless earlier converted or repurchased in accordance with their terms. The 2023 Notes are unsecured and do not contain any financial covenants or any restrictions on the payment of dividends, or the issuance or repurchase of securities by us. Each $ 1,000 of principal of the 2023 Notes is initially convertible into 20.4705 shares of our Class A common stock, which is equivalent to an initial conversion price of approximately $ 48.85 per share, subject to adjustment upon the occurrence of specified events. Holders of these 2023 Notes may convert their 2023 Notes at their option at any time prior to the close of the business day immediately preceding October 15, 2022, only under the following circumstances: (1) during any fiscal quarter commencing after the fiscal quarter ended April 30, 2018 (and only during such fiscal quarter), if the last reported sale price of our Class A common stock for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive) during a period of 30 consecutive trading days ending on, and including, the last trading day of the immediately preceding fiscal quarter, is greater than or equal to 130 % of the conversion price on each applicable trading day; (2) during the five business day period after any five consecutive trading day period (the "measurement period") in which the trading price per $ 1,000 principal amount of 2023 Notes for each trading day of the measurement period was less than 98 % of the product of the last reported sale price of our Class A common stock and the conversion rate for the 2023 Notes on each such trading day; or (3) upon the occurrence of certain specified corporate events. Based on the closing price of our Class A common stock of $ 27.40 on October 31, 2022 , the if-converted value of the 2023 Notes was lower than the principal amount. The price of our Class A common stock was not greater than or equal to 130 % of the conversion price for 20 or more trading days during the 30 consecutive trading days ending on the last trading day of the quarter ended October 31, 2022. As such, the 2023 Notes are not convertible for the fiscal quarter commencing after October 31, 2022. On or after October 15, 2022, holders may convert all or any portion of their 2023 Notes at any time prior to the close of business on the second scheduled trading day immediately preceding the maturity date, regardless of the foregoing conditions. Upon conversion of the 2023 Notes, we will pay or deliver, as the case may be, cash, shares of our Class A common stock or a combination of cash and shares of Class A common stock, at our election. We intend to settle the principal of the 2023 Notes in cash. The conversion rate will be subject to adjustment in some events, but will not be adjusted for any accrued or unpaid interest. A holder who converts their 2023 Notes in connection with certain corporate events that constitute a "make-whole fundamental change" per the indenture governing the 2023 Notes are, under certain circumstances, entitled to an increase in the conversion rate. In addition, if we undergo a fundamental change prior to the maturity date, holders may require us to repurchase for cash all or a portion of their 2023 Notes at a repurchase price equal to 100 % of the principal amount of the repurchased 2023 Notes, plus accrued and unpaid interest. We may not redeem the 2023 Notes prior to the maturity date, and no sinking fund is provided for the 2023 Notes. On September 22, 2021, we consummated privately negotiated exchanges with certain holders of the outstanding 2023 Notes, pursuant to which such holders exchanged approximately $ 416.5 million in aggregate principal amount of 2023 Notes for $ 477.3 million in aggregate principal amount of 2027 Notes. We also entered into privately negotiated transactions with certain holders of the 2023 Notes pursuant to which we repurchased approximately $ 12.8 million in aggregate principal amount of 2023 Notes for cash. Following the closing of these exchanges and repurchases, approximately $ 145.7 million in aggregate principal amount of 2023 Notes remains outstanding with terms unchanged. The 2023 Notes consisted of the following: As of July 31, October 31, (in thousands) Principal amounts: Principal $ 145,704 $ 145,704 Unamortized debt issuance costs (1) ( 248 ) ( 99 ) Net carrying amount $ 145,456 $ 145,605 (1) Included in the condensed consolidated balance sheets within convertible senior notes, net and amortized over the remaining life of the 2023 Notes using the effective interest rate method. The effective interest rate is 0.41 %. As of October 31, 2022 , the remaining life of the 2023 Notes was approximately 2 months. The following table sets forth the total interest expense recognized related to the 2023 Notes: Three Months Ended 2021 2022 (in thousands) Interest expense related to amortization of debt issuance costs $ 400 $ 149 Note Hedges and Warrants Concurrently with the offering of the 2023 Notes in January 2018, we entered into convertible note hedge transactions with certain bank counterparties, whereby we have the initial option to purchase a total of approximately 11.8 million shares of our Class A common stock at a conversion price of approximately $ 48.85 per share, subject to adjustment for certain specified events. The total cost of the convertible note hedge transactions was approximately $ 143.2 million. In addition, we sold warrants to certain bank counterparties, whereby the holders of the warrants have the initial option to purchase a total of approximately 11.8 million shares of our Class A common stock at a price of $ 73.46 per share, subject to adjustment for certain specified events. We received approximately $ 88.0 million in cash proceeds from the sale of these warrants. Taken together, the purchase of the convertible note hedges and the sale of warrants are intended to offset any actual dilution from the conversion of the 2023 Notes and to effectively increase the overall conversion price from $ 48.85 to $ 73.46 per share. As these transactions meet certain accounting criteria, the convertible note hedges and warrants are recorded within stockholders’ equity and are not accounted for as derivatives. The net cost incurred in connection with the convertible note hedge and warrant transactions of approximately $ 55.2 million was recorded as a reduction to additional paid-in capital in the condensed consolidated balance sheet. The fair value of the note hedges and warrants are not remeasured each reporting period. The amounts paid for the note hedges were tax deductible expenses, while the proceeds received from the warrants were not taxable. In September 2021, in connection with the exchange and repurchase transactions described above, we terminated portions of the convertible note hedge transactions and warrant transactions previously entered into with certain financial institutions in connection with the issuance of the 2023 Notes. The net effect of these unwind transactions was a $ 21.5 million cash payment received, consisting of an $ 18.4 million payment for the warrant unwind and the receipt of $ 39.9 million from the hedge unwind. The amounts paid and received as part of the unwind transactions were recorded to additional paid-in capital within the condensed consolidated balance sheet. The note hedges are required to be excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share ("EPS"), as they would be antidilutive. In periods when we report a net loss, basic net loss per share and diluted net loss per share are the same, as the effect of potential common shares is antidilutive, and the potential impact of the 2023 Notes is therefore excluded. The warrants will have a dilutive effect when the average share price exceeds the warrant strike price of $ 73.46 per share. As the price of our Class A common stock continues to increase above the warrant strike price, additional dilution would occur at a declining rate so that a $ 10 increase from the warrant strike price would yield a cumulative dilution of approximately 0.4 million diluted shares for EPS purposes. However, upon conversion, the note hedges would neutralize the dilution from the 2023 Notes so that there would only be dilution from the warrants, which would result in an actual dilution of approximately 2.1 million shares at a common stock price of $ 83.46 . 2026 Notes In September 2020, we issued $ 750.0 million in aggregate principal amount of the 2026 Notes to BCPE Nucleon (DE) SPV, LP, an entity affiliated with Bain Capital, LP ("Bain"). The total net proceeds from this offering were approximately $ 723.7 million, after deducting $ 26.3 million of debt issuance costs. The 2026 Notes bear interest at a rate of 2.5 % per annum, with such interest to be paid in kind ("PIK") on the 2026 Notes held by Bain through an increase in the principal amount of the 2026 Notes, and paid in cash on any 2026 Notes transferred to entities that are not affiliated with Bain. Interest on the 2026 Notes has accrued from the date of issuance (September 24, 2020) and is added to the principal amount on a semi-annual basis (on March 15 and September 15 of each year, beginning on March 15, 2021). The 2026 Notes mature on September 15, 2026, subject to earlier conversion, redemption or repurchase. The 2026 Notes are convertible into our shares of Class A common stock based on an initial conversion rate of 36.036 shares of common stock per $ 1,000 principal amount of the 2026 Notes, which is equal to an initial conversion price of $ 27.75 per share, subject to customary anti-dilution and other adjustments, including in connection with any make-whole adjustments as a result of certain extraordinary transactions. In September 2021, the one-year anniversary of the issuance of the 2026 Notes, the conversion price was subject to a one-time adjustment, based on the level of achievement of certain financial milestones and as a result, the conversion price became fixed at $ 27.75 per share. On or after September 15, 2025, the 2026 Notes will be redeemable by us in the event that the closing sale price of our Class A common stock has been at least 150 % of the conversion price then in effect for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive) during any 30 consecutive trading day period (including the last trading day of such period) ending on, and including, the trading day immediately preceding the date on which we provide the redemption notice, for cash, at a redemption price of 100 % of the principal amount of such 2026 Notes, plus any accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the redemption date. With certain exceptions, upon a change of control or a fundamental change, the holders of the 2026 Notes may require us to repurchase all or part of the principal amount of the 2026 Notes at a repurchase price equal to 100 % of the principal amount of the 2026 Notes, plus any accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the repurchase date. In addition, we will, in certain circumstances, increase the conversion rate for any 2026 Notes converted in connection with a change of control or a fundamental change. In accordance with accounting guidance on embedded conversion features, we valued and bifurcated the conversion option associated with the 2026 Notes from the respective host debt instrument, which is treated as a debt discount, and initially recorded the conversion option of $ 230.9 million as a derivative liability in our condensed consolidated balance sheet, with the corresponding amount recorded as a discount to the 2026 Notes to be amortized over the term of the 2026 Notes using the effective interest method. The 2026 Notes consisted of the following: As of July 31, October 31, (in thousands) Principal amounts: Principal $ 750,000 $ 750,000 Non-cash interest expense converted to principal 27,997 37,722 Unamortized debt discount (conversion feature) (1) ( 169,438 ) ( 160,511 ) Unamortized debt issuance costs (1) ( 19,359 ) ( 18,339 ) Net carrying amount $ 589,200 $ 608,872 (1) Included in the condensed consolidated balance sheets within convertible senior notes, net and amortized over the remaining life of the 2026 Notes using the effective interest rate method. The effective interest rate is 7.05 %. As of October 31, 2022, the remaining life of the 2026 Notes was approximately 3.9 years . The following table sets forth the total interest expense recognized related to the 2026 Notes: Three Months Ended 2021 2022 (in thousands) Interest expense related to amortization of debt discount $ 8,320 $ 8,927 Interest expense related to amortization of debt issuance costs 951 1,020 Non-cash interest expense 4,773 4,894 Total interest expense $ 14,044 $ 14,841 Non-cash interest expense is related to the 2.5 % PIK interest that we accrued from the issuance of the 2026 Notes through October 31, 2022 and was recognized within other expense, net in the condensed consolidated statement of operations and other liabilities–non-current in the condensed consolidated balance sheet. The accrued PIK interest will be converted to the principal balance of the 2026 Notes at each payment date and will be convertible to shares at maturity or when converted. Upon the conversion price of the 2026 Notes becoming fixed in September 2021, the embedded conversion option for the 2026 Notes no longer required bifurcation because the conversion features are now considered indexed to our own equity and meet the equity classification conditions. The carrying amount of the derivative liability of $ 698.2 million as of that date was reclassified to additional paid-in capital within the condensed consolidated balance sheet. The remaining debt discount that arose from the original bifurcation continues to be amortized over the term of the 2026 Notes. 2027 Notes In September 2021, we issued $ 575 million principal amount of 0.25 % convertible senior notes due 2027 consisting of (i) approximately $ 477.3 million principal amount of 2027 Notes in exchange for approximately $ 416.5 million principal amount of the 2023 Notes (the "Exchange Transactions") and (ii) approximately $ 97.7 million principal amount of 2027 Notes for cash (the "Subscription Transactions"). We did not receive any cash proceeds from the Exchange Transactions. The net cash proceeds from the Subscription Transactions was approximately $ 88.4 million after deducting the offering expenses for both the Exchange Transactions and the Subscription Transactions. We used (i) approximately $ 14.7 million of the net cash proceeds from the Subscription Transactions to repurchase approximately $ 12.8 million principal amount of the 2023 Notes and (ii) approximately $ 58.5 million of the net cash proceeds from the Subscription Transactions to repurchase approximately 1.4 million shares of our Class A common stock. The 2027 Notes bear interest at a rate of 0.25 % per annum, and pay interest semi-annually in arrears on each April 1 and October 1, commencing on April 1, 2022. The 2027 Notes will mature on October 1, 2027, unless earlier converted, redeemed or repurchased. The 2027 Notes are convertible into cash, shares of our Class A common stock, or a combination of cash and shares of Class A common stock, at our election. Each $ 1,000 of principal of the 2027 Notes is initially convertible into 17.3192 shares of our Class A common stock, which is equivalent to an initial conversion price of approximately $ 57.74 per share, subject to customary anti-dilution adjustments. Holders of these 2027 Notes may convert their 2027 Notes at their option at any time prior to the close of the business day immediately preceding July 1, 2027, only under the following circumstances: (1) during any fiscal quarter after January 31, 2022, and only during such fiscal quarter, if the closing price of our common stock for at least 20 trading days in a period of 30 consecutive trading days ending on, and including, the last trading day of the preceding fiscal quarter is greater than or equal to 130 % of the then applicable conversion price for the Notes per share of common stock; (2) during the five business day period after any five consecutive trading day period in which, for each trading day of that period, the trading price per $ 1,000 principal amount of 2027 Notes for such trading day was less than 98 % of the product of the closing price of our common stock and the then applicable conversion rate on each such trading day; or (3) upon the occurrence of certain specified corporate events. Upon conversion of the 2027 Notes, we will pay or deliver, as the case may be, cash, shares of our Class A common stock or a combination of cash and shares of Class A common stock, at our election. We intend to settle the principal of the 2027 Notes in cash. The conversion rate will be subject to adjustment in some events, but will not be adjusted for any accrued or unpaid interest. A holder who converts their 2027 Notes in connection with certain corporate events that constitute a "make-whole fundamental change" per the indenture governing the 2027 Notes are, under certain circumstances, entitled to an increase in the conversion rate. In addition, if we undergo a fundamental change prior to the maturity date, holders may require us to repurchase for cash all or a portion of their 2027 Notes at a repurchase price equal to 100 % of the principal amount of the repurchased 2027 Notes, plus accrued and unpaid interest. In accounting for the exchange of convertible notes, we evaluated whether the transaction should be treated as a modification or extinguishment transaction. The partial exchange of the 2023 Notes and issuance of the 2027 Notes were deemed to have substantially different terms due to the significant difference between the value of the conversion option immediately prior to and after the exchange, and consequently, the 2023 Notes partial exchange was accounted for as a debt extinguishment. The $ 64.9 million difference between the total reacquisition price paid and the net carrying amount of the 2023 Notes is recognized as a debt extinguishment loss within other expense, net in the condensed consolidated statement of operations. The 2027 Notes consisted of the following: As of July 31, October 31, Principal amounts: Principal $ 575,000 $ 575,000 Unamortized debt issuance costs (1) ( 7,995 ) ( 7,613 ) Net carrying amount $ 567,005 $ 567,387 (1) Included in the condensed consolidated balance sheets within convertible senior notes, net and amortized over the remaining life of the 2027 Notes using the effective interest rate method. The effective interest rate is 0.52 %. As of October 31, 2022, the remaining life of the 2027 Notes was approximately 4.9 years . The following table sets forth the total interest expense recognized related to the 2027 Notes: Three Months Ended 2021 2022 (in thousands) Contractual interest expense $ 152 $ 359 Interest expense related to amortization of debt issuance costs 160 382 Total interest expense $ 312 $ 741 |