Fair Value of Derivatives and Financial Instruments | . Fair Value of Derivatives and Financial Instruments Derivative Financial Instruments and Hedging Activities In the normal course of business, our operations are exposed to market risks, including the effect of changes in interest rates. We may enter into derivative financial instruments to offset this underlying market risk. There have been no significant changes in our policy and strategy from what was disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022. LIBOR ceased publication on June 30, 2023. On July 1, 2023, LIBOR rates were replaced with SOFR as the reference rate for most LIBOR debt and derivative instruments. For debt instruments that transitioned from LIBOR to SOFR, the adjustment included an increase of 0.11448 % to the all-in rate. For the Company's interest rate swaps, the reference transitioned from one-month LIBOR to fallback LIBOR. As of September 30, 2023, the Company had the following outstanding interest rate swaps that were designated as cash flow hedges of interest rate risk (dollars in thousands): Effective Date Termination Date Counterparty Notional Amount Fixed Rate (1) June 1, 2019 June 1, 2024 KeyBank $ 50,000 2.0020 % June 1, 2019 June 1, 2024 Truist 50,000 2.0020 % September 1, 2019 September 1, 2026 KeyBank 100,000 1.4620 % September 1, 2019 September 1, 2026 KeyBank 125,000 1.3020 % January 3, 2020 September 1, 2026 KeyBank 92,500 1.6090 % March 4, 2020 June 1, 2026 Truist 100,000 0.8200 % June 1, 2021 September 1, 2026 KeyBank 200,000 0.8450 % June 1, 2021 September 1, 2026 KeyBank 200,000 0.9530 % March 1, 2022 March 1, 2025 Truist 145,000 0.5730 % March 1, 2022 March 1, 2025 Truist 105,000 0.6140 % $ 1,167,500 1.0682 % (2) (1) The floating rate option for the interest rate swaps is fallback LIBOR. As of September 30, 2023, fallback LIBOR was 5.43 % . (2) Represents the weighted average fixed rate of the interest rate swaps. As of September 30, 2023, the Company had the following interest rate swap that was designated as a cash flow hedge of interest rate risk with future effective date (dollars in thousands): Effective Date Termination Date Counterparty Notional Amount Fixed Rate (1) September 1, 2026 January 1, 2027 KeyBank $ 92,500 1.7980 % (1) The floating rate option for the interest rate swap is fallback LIBOR. As of September 30, 2023, fallback LIBOR was 5.43 % . Derivatives not designated as hedges are not speculative and are used to manage the Company’s exposure to interest rate movements but either do not meet the strict requirements to apply hedge accounting in accordance with FASB ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging , or the Company has elected not to designate such derivatives as hedges. Changes in the fair value of derivatives not designated in hedging relationships are recorded directly in net income (loss) as interest expense. As of September 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company had the following interest rate caps outstanding that were not designated as cash flow hedges of interest rate risk (dollars in thousands): Properties Type Maturity Date Notional Strike Rate Residences at Glenview Reserve Floating 10/1/2024 25,977 4.81 % Timber Creek Floating 10/1/2024 24,100 4.99 % Brandywine I & II Floating 10/1/2024 43,835 6.82 % Radbourne Lake Floating 10/1/2024 20,000 6.46 % Summers Landing Floating 10/1/2024 10,109 6.07 % Versailles II Floating 10/1/2024 12,061 6.82 % Fairways at San Marcos Floating 12/1/2023 46,464 3.37 % The Verandas at Lake Norman Floating 7/1/2024 34,925 3.40 % Creekside at Matthews Floating 7/1/2024 31,900 4.40 % Six Forks Station Floating 10/1/2024 41,180 4.00 % High House at Cary Floating 1/1/2025 46,625 2.74 % Estates on Maryland Floating 4/1/2025 43,157 3.91 % The Adair Floating 4/1/2025 35,115 3.91 % Rockledge Apartments Floating 12/1/2025 93,129 6.45 % The Preserve at Terrell Mill Floating 12/1/2025 71,098 6.45 % Fairways at San Marcos Floating 12/1/2025 60,228 6.70 % Bloom Floating 12/1/2025 59,830 6.70 % Atera Apartments Floating 12/1/2025 46,198 6.45 % Silverbrook Floating 12/1/2025 46,088 6.45 % Torreyana Apartments Floating 12/1/2025 50,580 6.70 % Cornerstone Floating 12/1/2025 46,804 6.66 % Versailles Floating 12/1/2025 40,247 6.45 % Bella Solara Floating 12/1/2025 40,328 6.70 % Courtney Cove Floating 12/1/2025 36,146 6.70 % Madera Point Floating 12/1/2025 34,457 6.70 % Creekside at Matthews Floating 12/1/2025 29,648 6.45 % Parc500 Floating 12/1/2025 29,416 6.45 % Seasons 704 Apartments Floating 12/1/2025 33,132 6.70 % The Summit at Sabal Park Floating 12/1/2025 30,826 6.70 % Cutter's Point Floating 12/1/2025 21,524 6.45 % Venue at 8651 Floating 12/1/2025 18,690 6.45 % The Heritage Floating 2/1/2024 24,625 5.18 % The Enclave Floating 2/1/2024 25,322 5.18 % Bella Vista Floating 2/1/2024 29,040 5.18 % Sabal Palm at Lake Buena Vista Floating 9/1/2024 42,100 6.20 % Arbors on Forest Ridge Floating 12/1/2025 19,184 6.70 % Venue on Camelback Floating 2/1/2026 42,788 6.07 % $ 1,386,876 5.82 % The table below presents the fair value of the Company’s derivative financial instruments as well as their classification on the consolidated balance sheets as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (in thousands): Asset Derivatives Liability Derivatives Balance Sheet Location September 30, 2023 December 31, 2022 September 30, 2023 December 31, 2022 Derivatives designated as hedging instruments: Interest rate swaps Fair value of interest rate swaps $ 98,621 $ 103,440 $ — $ — Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments: Interest rate caps Prepaid and other assets 6,213 7,634 — — Total $ 104,834 $ 111,074 $ — $ — The tables below present the effect of the Company’s derivative financial instruments on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands): Amount of gain (loss) Location of gain Amount of gain (loss) 2023 2022 OCI into income 2023 2022 Derivatives designated as hedging instruments: For the three months ended September 30, Interest rate products $ 12,054 $ 38,406 Interest expense $ 12,796 $ 3,468 For the nine months ended September 30, Interest rate products $ 29,838 $ 105,714 Interest expense $ 34,658 $ ( 1,160 ) Location of gain Amount of gain (loss) recognized in 2023 2022 Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments: For the three months ended September 30, Interest rate products Interest expense $ 554 $ 2,161 For the nine months ended September 30, Interest rate products Interest expense $ 497 $ 3,525 Other Financial Instruments Carried at Fair Value Redeemable noncontrolling interests in the OP have a redemption feature and are marked to their redemption value if such value exceeds the carrying value of the redeemable noncontrolling interests in the OP (see Note 8). The redemption value is based on the fair value of the Company’s common stock at the redemption date, and therefore, is calculated based on the fair value of the Company’s common stock at the balance sheet date. Since the valuation is based on observable inputs such as quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets, redeemable noncontrolling interests in the OP are classified as Level 2 if they are adjusted to their redemption value. Financial Instruments Not Carried at Fair Value At September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the fair values of cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, accounts receivable, prepaid and other assets, excluding interest rate caps, accounts payable and other accrued liabilities, accrued real estate taxes payable, accrued interest payable, security deposits and prepaid rent approximated their carrying values because of the short-term nature of these instruments. The estimated fair values of other financial instruments were determined by the Company using available market information and appropriate valuation methodologies. Considerable judgment is necessary to interpret market data and develop estimated fair values. Accordingly, the estimates presented herein are not necessarily indicative of the amounts the Company would realize on the disposition of the financial instruments. The use of different market assumptions or estimation methodologies may have a material effect on the estimated fair value amounts. In calculating the fair value of its long-term indebtedness, the Company used interest rate and spread assumptions that reflect current credit worthiness and market conditions available for the issuance of long-term debt with similar terms and remaining maturities. These financial instruments utilize Level 2 inputs. The table below presents the carrying value (outstanding principal balance) and estimated fair value of our debt at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (in thousands): September 30, 2023 December 31, 2022 Carrying Value Estimated Carrying Value Estimated Fixed rate debt $ 33,817 $ 30,696 $ 33,817 $ 31,857 Floating rate debt (1) $ 1,582,589 $ 1,361,524 $ 1,647,711 $ 1,506,741 (1) Includes balances outstanding under our Corporate Credit Facility. Real estate assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. In such cases, the Company will evaluate the recoverability of such real estate assets based on estimated future cash flows and the estimated liquidation value of such real estate assets, and provide for impairment if such undiscounted cash flows are insufficient to recover the carrying amount of the real estate asset. If impaired, the real estate asset will be written down to its estimated fair value. There can be no assurance that the estimates discussed herein, using Level 3 inputs, are indicative of the amounts the Company could realize on disposition of the real estate asset. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company did no t record any impairment charges related to real estate assets. |