Fair Value of Derivatives and Financial Instruments | 5. Fair Value of Derivatives and Financial Instruments Derivative Financial Instruments and Hedging Activities In the normal course of business, our operations are exposed to market risks, including the effect of changes in interest rates. We may enter into derivative financial instruments to offset this underlying market risk. There have been no significant changes in our policy and strategy from what was disclosed in our 2023 Annual Report. LIBOR ceased publication on June 30, 2023. On July 1, 2023, LIBOR rates were replaced with SOFR as the reference rate for most LIBOR debt and derivative instruments. For the Company's interest rate swaps, the reference transitioned from one-month LIBOR to the daily compounded average of SOFR plus a 0.11448 % adjustment (“Adjusted SOFR”). As of September 30, 2024, the Company had the following outstanding interest rate swaps that were designated as cash flow hedges of interest rate risk (dollars in thousands): Effective Date Termination Date Counterparty Notional Amount Fixed Rate (1) September 1, 2019 September 1, 2026 KeyBank $ 100,000 1.4620 % September 1, 2019 September 1, 2026 KeyBank 125,000 1.3020 % January 3, 2020 September 1, 2026 KeyBank 92,500 1.6090 % March 4, 2020 June 1, 2026 Truist 100,000 0.8200 % June 1, 2021 September 1, 2026 KeyBank 200,000 0.8450 % June 1, 2021 September 1, 2026 KeyBank 200,000 0.9530 % March 1, 2022 March 1, 2025 Truist 145,000 0.5730 % March 1, 2022 March 1, 2025 Truist 105,000 0.6140 % $ 1,067,500 0.9807 % (2) (1) The floating rate option for the interest rate swaps is Adjusted SOFR. As of September 30, 2024 , Adjusted SOFR was 5.28 % . (2) Represents the weighted average fixed rate of the interest rate swaps. As of September 30, 2024, the Company had the following interest rate swap that was designated as a cash flow hedge of interest rate risk with future effective date (dollars in thousands): Future Swaps Effective Date Termination Date Counterparty Notional Amount Fixed Rate (1) September 1, 2026 January 1, 2027 KeyBank $ 92,500 1.7980 % (1) The floating rate option for the interest rate swap is Adjusted SOFR. As of September 30, 2024 , Adjusted SOFR was 5.28 % . Derivatives not designated as hedges are not speculative and are used to manage the Company’s exposure to interest rate movements but either do not meet the strict requirements to apply hedge accounting in accordance with FASB ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging , or the Company has elected not to designate such derivatives as hedges. Changes in the fair value of derivatives not designated in hedging relationships are recorded directly in net income (loss) as interest expense. As of September 30, 2024, the Company had the following interest rate caps outstanding that were not designated as cash flow hedges of interest rate risk (dollars in thousands): Properties Type Maturity Date Notional Strike Rate Brandywine I & II Floating 10/1/2024 $ 43,835 6.82 % Six Forks Station Floating 10/1/2024 41,180 4.00 % Residences at Glenview Reserve Floating 10/1/2024 25,645 4.81 % Timber Creek Floating 10/1/2024 24,100 4.99 % Radbourne Lake Floating 10/1/2024 20,000 6.46 % Versailles II Floating 10/1/2024 12,061 6.82 % Summers Landing Floating 10/1/2024 10,109 6.07 % High House at Cary Floating 1/1/2025 46,625 2.74 % Bella Vista Floating 2/1/2025 29,040 5.18 % The Enclave Floating 2/1/2025 25,322 5.18 % The Heritage Floating 2/1/2025 24,625 5.18 % Estates on Maryland Floating 4/1/2025 43,157 3.91 % The Adair Floating 4/1/2025 35,115 3.91 % Rockledge Apartments Floating 12/1/2025 93,129 6.45 % The Preserve at Terrell Mill Floating 12/1/2025 71,098 6.45 % Fairways at San Marcos Floating 12/1/2025 60,228 6.70 % Bloom Floating 12/1/2025 59,830 6.70 % Torreyana Apartments Floating 12/1/2025 50,580 6.70 % Cornerstone Floating 12/1/2025 46,804 6.66 % Atera Apartments Floating 12/1/2025 46,198 6.45 % Silverbrook Floating 12/1/2025 46,088 6.45 % Bella Solara Floating 12/1/2025 40,328 6.70 % Versailles Floating 12/1/2025 40,247 6.45 % Courtney Cove Floating 12/1/2025 36,146 6.70 % Madera Point Floating 12/1/2025 34,457 6.70 % Seasons 704 Apartments Floating 12/1/2025 33,132 6.70 % The Summit at Sabal Park Floating 12/1/2025 30,826 6.70 % Creekside at Matthews Floating 12/1/2025 29,648 6.45 % Parc500 Floating 12/1/2025 29,416 6.45 % Cutter's Point Floating 12/1/2025 21,524 6.45 % Arbors on Forest Ridge Floating 12/1/2025 19,184 6.70 % Venue at 8651 Floating 12/1/2025 18,690 6.45 % The Venue on Camelback Floating 2/1/2026 42,788 6.07 % Avant at Pembroke Pines Floating 10/1/2027 248,185 8.16 % Brandywine I & II Floating 10/1/2027 59,526 8.16 % Sabal Palm at Lake Buena Vista Floating 10/1/2027 56,220 8.41 % Cornerstone Floating 10/1/2027 45,815 8.66 % Arbors of Brentwood Floating 10/1/2027 39,977 8.16 % Bella Vista Floating 10/1/2027 37,400 8.91 % Estates on Maryland Floating 10/1/2027 37,345 8.91 % The Venue on Camelback Floating 10/1/2027 36,465 8.16 % The Enclave Floating 10/1/2027 33,440 8.66 % Residences at Glenview Reserve Floating 10/1/2027 33,271 8.16 % The Adair Floating 10/1/2027 33,229 8.16 % High House at Cary Floating 10/1/2027 32,478 8.16 % Six Forks Station Floating 10/1/2027 30,430 8.16 % The Verandas at Lake Norman Floating 10/1/2027 30,113 8.16 % The Heritage Floating 10/1/2027 29,810 8.91 % Versailles II Floating 10/1/2027 15,706 8.16 % Summers Landing Floating 10/1/2027 14,135 8.66 % $ 2,044,700 6.93 % As of September 30, 2024, the Company had the following interest rate cap outstanding was designated as cash flow hedge of interest rate risk (dollars in thousands): Properties Type Maturity Date Notional Strike Rate The Verandas at Lake Norman Floating 7/1/2025 $ 34,925 3.40 % The table below presents the fair value of the Company’s derivative financial instruments, which use level 2 inputs, as well as their classification on the consolidated balance sheets as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 (in thousands): Asset Derivatives Liability Derivatives Balance Sheet Location September 30, 2024 December 31, 2023 September 30, 2024 December 31, 2023 Derivatives designated as hedging instruments: Interest rate swaps Fair value of interest rate swaps $ 41,075 $ 71,028 $ — $ — Interest rate caps Prepaid and other assets 234 — — — Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments: Interest rate caps Prepaid and other assets 849 2,988 — — Total $ 42,158 $ 74,016 $ — $ — The tables below present the effect of the Company’s derivative financial instruments on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 (in thousands): Amount of gain (loss) Location of gain Amount of gain (loss) 2024 2023 OCI into income 2024 2023 Derivatives designated as hedging instruments: For the three months ended September 30, Interest rate products $ ( 13,017 ) $ 12,054 Interest expense $ 12,287 $ 12,796 For the nine months ended September 30, Interest rate products $ 7,712 $ 29,838 Interest expense $ 37,821 $ 34,658 Location of gain Amount of gain (loss) recognized in 2024 2023 Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments: For the three months ended September 30, Interest rate products Interest expense $ 273 $ 554 For the nine months ended September 30, Interest rate products Interest expense $ ( 469 ) $ 497 Other Financial Instruments Carried at Fair Value Redeemable noncontrolling interests in the OP have a redemption feature and are marked to their redemption value if such value exceeds the carrying value of the redeemable noncontrolling interests in the OP (see Note 8). The redemption value is based on the fair value of the Company’s common stock at the redemption date, and therefore, is calculated based on the fair value of the Company’s common stock at the balance sheet date. Since the valuation is based on observable inputs such as quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets, redeemable noncontrolling interests in the OP are classified as Level 2 if they are adjusted to their redemption value. Financial Instruments Not Carried at Fair Value At September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the fair values of cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, accounts receivable, prepaid and other assets, excluding interest rate caps, accounts payable and other accrued liabilities, accrued real estate taxes payable, accrued interest payable, security deposits and prepaid rent approximated their carrying values because of the short-term nature of these instruments. The estimated fair values of other financial instruments were determined by the Company using available market information and appropriate valuation methodologies. Considerable judgment is necessary to interpret market data and develop estimated fair values. Accordingly, the estimates presented herein are not necessarily indicative of the amounts the Company would realize on the disposition of the financial instruments. The use of different market assumptions or estimation methodologies may have a material effect on the estimated fair value amounts. In calculating the fair value of its long-term indebtedness, the Company used interest rate and spread assumptions that reflect current credit worthiness and market conditions available for the issuance of long-term debt with similar terms and remaining maturities. These financial instruments utilize Level 2 inputs. The table below presents the carrying value (outstanding principal balance) and estimated fair value of our debt at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 (in thousands): September 30, 2024 December 31, 2023 Carrying Value Estimated Carrying Value Estimated Fixed rate debt $ 33,817 $ 32,690 $ 33,817 $ 31,950 Floating rate debt $ 1,429,048 $ 1,366,372 $ 1,541,419 $ 1,335,635 |