Investments | 2. Investments The Company’s available-for-sale investments are summarized as follows: Cost or Gross Gross Fair (in thousands) December 31, 2015 Fixed maturity securities: State and municipal $ 95,864 $ 7,728 $ (135 ) $ 103,457 Residential mortgage-backed 137,308 1,718 (2,139 ) 136,887 Corporate 368,961 3,988 (9,781 ) 363,168 Commercial mortgage and asset-backed 130,231 890 (425 ) 130,696 Obligations of U.S. government corporations and agencies 89,734 698 (269 ) 90,163 U.S. Treasury securities and obligations guaranteed by the 73,322 165 (232 ) 73,255 Redeemable preferred stock 2,025 9 — 2,034 Total fixed maturity securities 897,445 15,196 (12,981 ) 899,660 Equity securities 69,830 5,512 (1,231 ) 74,111 Total investments available-for-sale $ 967,275 $ 20,708 $ (14,212 ) $ 973,771 December 31, 2014 Fixed maturity securities: State and municipal $ 90,715 $ 8,509 $ (178 ) $ 99,046 Residential mortgage-backed 113,997 2,661 (1,409 ) 115,249 Corporate 261,574 8,742 (2,434 ) 267,882 Commercial mortgage and asset-backed 111,056 2,429 (144 ) 113,341 Obligations of U.S. government corporations and agencies 100,376 1,431 (532 ) 101,275 U.S. Treasury securities and obligations guaranteed by the 58,173 289 (193 ) 58,269 Redeemable preferred stock 2,025 — (124 ) 1,901 Total fixed maturity securities 737,916 24,061 (5,014 ) 756,963 Equity securities 64,348 5,182 (1,625 ) 67,905 Total investments available-for-sale $ 802,264 $ 29,243 $ (6,639 ) $ 824,868 The amortized cost and fair value of available-for-sale investments in fixed maturity securities at December 31, 2015 are summarized, by contractual maturity, as follows: Amortized Fair (in thousands) One year or less $ 86,769 $ 87,096 After one year through five years 289,078 286,135 After five years through ten years 115,835 115,459 After ten years 136,199 141,353 Residential mortgage-backed 137,308 136,887 Commercial mortgage and asset-backed 130,231 130,696 Redeemable preferred stock 2,025 2,034 Total $ 897,445 $ 899,660 Actual maturities may differ for some securities because borrowers have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without penalties. The following table shows the Company’s gross unrealized losses and fair value for available-for-sale securities aggregated by investment category and the length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position: Less Than 12 Months 12 Months or More Total Fair Gross Fair Gross Fair Gross (in thousands) December 31, 2015 Fixed maturity securities: State and municipal $ 9,492 $ (135 ) $ — $ — $ 9,492 $ (135 ) Residential mortgage-backed 39,895 (465 ) 40,656 (1,674 ) 80,551 (2,139 ) Corporate 177,149 (5,281 ) 6,433 (4,500 ) 183,582 (9,781 ) Commercial mortgage and 74,518 (339 ) 11,437 (86 ) 85,955 (425 ) Obligations of U.S. government corporations and agencies 43,907 (231 ) 4,012 (38 ) 47,919 (269 ) U.S. Treasury securities and obligations guaranteed by the U.S. government 49,452 (213 ) 2,186 (19 ) 51,638 (232 ) Total fixed maturity securities 394,413 (6,664 ) 64,724 (6,317 ) 459,137 (12,981 ) Equity securities 4,196 (172 ) 5,704 (1,059 ) 9,900 (1,231 ) Total investments available-for-sale $ 398,609 $ (6,836 ) $ 70,428 $ (7,376 ) $ 469,037 $ (14,212 ) December 31, 2014 Fixed maturity securities: State and municipal $ 3,197 $ (176 ) $ 247 $ (2 ) $ 3,444 $ (178 ) Residential mortgage-backed 2,072 (2 ) 47,594 (1,407 ) 49,666 (1,409 ) Corporate 25,885 (235 ) 22,353 (2,199 ) 48,238 (2,434 ) Commercial mortgage and 23,894 (118 ) 8,742 (26 ) 32,636 (144 ) Obligations of U.S. government corporations and agencies 202 — 48,029 (532 ) 48,231 (532 ) U.S. Treasury securities and obligations guaranteed by the U.S. government 13,055 (24 ) 19,383 (169 ) 32,438 (193 ) Redeemable preferred stock — – 1,901 (124 ) 1,901 (124 ) Total fixed maturity securities 68,305 (555 ) 148,249 (4,459 ) 216,554 (5,014 ) Equity securities 1,361 (205 ) 10,621 (1,420 ) 11,982 (1,625 ) Total investments available-for-sale $ 69,666 $ (760 ) $ 158,870 $ (5,879 ) $ 228,536 $ (6,639 ) The Company held available-for-sale securities of 113 issuers that were in an unrealized loss position at December 31, 2015 with a total fair value of $469.0 million and gross unrealized losses of $14.2 million. None of the fixed maturity securities with unrealized losses has ever missed, or been delinquent on, a scheduled principal or interest payment. At December 31, 2015, 86.6% of the Company’s fixed maturity security portfolio was rated “A-” or better by Standard & Poor’s or received an equivalent rating from another nationally recognized rating agency. Fixed maturity securities with ratings below investment grade by Standard & Poor’s or another nationally recognized rating agency at December 31, 2015 had an aggregate fair value of $9.4 million and an aggregate net unrealized loss of $5.2 million. The Company previously held two municipal bonds issued by the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico. Puerto Rico’s weak economic conditions and heavy debt burden heightened the risk of default on the bonds and management concluded that the bonds, which had been downgraded to below investment grade, were other-than-temporarily impaired at June 30, 2014. The Company recognized impairment losses of $660,000 and $1.4 million on these bonds for the years ended December 31, 2015, and 2014, respectively. There was no such impairment on these bonds at December 31, 2013. The bonds were sold during the second quarter of 2015 and a net realized gain of $22,000 was recognized on the sales. Management concluded that none of the other fixed maturity securities with an unrealized loss at December 31, 2015, 2014, and 2013 experienced an other-than-temporary impairment. Management does not intend to sell available-for-sale securities in an unrealized loss position, and it is not “more likely than not” that the Company will be required to sell these securities before a recovery in their value to their amortized cost basis occurs. Management also concluded that none of the equity securities with an unrealized loss at December 31, 2015 and 2014 experienced an other-than-temporary impairment. Management concluded that one of the equity securities with an unrealized loss at December 31, 2013 experienced an other-than-temporary impairment, and accordingly, the Company recorded an impairment loss of $804,000 in 2013. Management concluded that the remaining equity securities with an unrealized loss at December 31, 2013 had not experienced an other-than-temporary impairment. Management has evaluated the near-term prospects of these equity securities in relation to the severity and duration of the impairment, and management has the ability and intent to hold these securities until a recovery of their fair value. The Company holds participations in two loans maturing in 2016 and 2017, that were issued by companies that produce and supply power to Puerto Rico through power purchase agreements with Puerto Rico Electric Power Authority (“PREPA”), a public corporation and governmental agency of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico. PREPA’s credit strength and ability to make timely payments has been impacted by the economic conditions in Puerto Rico, thus raising doubt about the companies’ ability to meet the debt obligations held by the Company. Management concluded that the loans were impaired at December 31, 2014 and established an allowance for credit losses on the loans of $752,000. After recording this impairment, these loans had a carrying value of $7.1 million at December 31, 2014 and unpaid principal of $8.4 million. At December 31, 2015, the allowance for credit losses on these loans was $414,000. The loans had a carrying value of $3.9 million at December 31, 2015 and unpaid principal of $4.6 million. There was no such impairment on these loans at December 31, 2013. A number of the Company’s bank loans are to oil and gas companies in the energy sector. The market values of these loans declined significantly in the fourth quarter of 2014 in response to declining energy prices. The declines in market values continued into 2015 and, after discussions with our independent investment manager, management decided to sell certain energy sector loans where there was an increased risk associated with the issuer’s ability to meet all principal and interest obligations as they became due. At December 31, 2015, the Company’s remaining oil and gas exposure in the bank loan portfolio was in eight loans with a carrying value of $15.8 million and an unrealized loss of $4.1 million. All of these loans are current at December 31, 2015. Management concluded that two of these loans were impaired as of December 31, 2015, and accordingly, an allowance for credit losses of $3.9 million was established on the loans. After recording this impairment, the loans had a carrying value of $1.7 million at December 31, 2015 and unpaid principal of $5.8 million. Management also concluded that one non-energy sector loan held at December 31, 2015 was impaired and an allowance for credit losses of $34,000 was established on the loan. After recording this impairment, the loan had a carrying value of $689,000 at December 31, 2015 and unpaid principal of $722,000. There was no allowance for credit losses on these loans at December 31, 2014, or 2013. At December 31, 2013, investments in bank loan participations considered impaired were $246,000, net of the related allowance for credit losses on such bank loan participations of $242,000. The unpaid principal balance on these bank loan participations was $488,000 at December 31, 2013. Bank loan participations generally have a credit rating that is below investment grade (i.e. below “BBB-” for Standard & Poor’s) at the date of purchase. These bank loans are primarily senior, secured floating-rate debt rated “BB”, “B”, or “CCC” by Standard & Poor’s or an equivalent rating from another nationally recognized rating agency. These bank loans include assignments of, and participations in, performing and non-performing senior corporate debt generally acquired through primary bank syndications and in secondary markets. Bank loans consist of, but are not limited to, term loans, the funded and unfunded portions of revolving credit loans, and other similar loans and investments. Management believed that it was probable at the time that these loans were acquired that the Company would be able to collect all contractually required payments receivable. Generally, the accrual of interest on a bank loan participation is discontinued when the contractual payment of principal or interest has become 90 days past due or management has serious doubts about further collectability of principal or interest. A bank loan participation may remain on accrual status if it is in the process of collection and is either guaranteed or well secured. Generally, bank loan participations are restored to accrual status when the obligation is brought current, has performed in accordance with the contractual terms for a reasonable period of time, and the ultimate collectability of the total contractual principal and interest is no longer in doubt. Interest received on nonaccrual loans generally is reported as investment income. There were no bank loans on nonaccrual status at December 31, 2015 or 2014. The allowance for credit losses is maintained at a level believed adequate by management to absorb estimated probable credit losses. Management’s periodic evaluation of the adequacy of the allowance is based on consultations and advice of the Company’s specialized investment manager, known and inherent risks in the portfolio, adverse situations that may affect the borrower’s ability to repay, the estimated value of any underlying collateral, current economic conditions, and other relevant factors. The Company generally records an allowance equal to the difference between the fair value and the amortized cost of bank loans that it has determined to be impaired as a practical expedient for an estimate of probable future cash flows to be collected on those bank loans. Bank loans are charged off against the allowance after all means of collection have been exhausted and the potential for recovery is considered remote. The average recorded investment in impaired bank loans was $6.7 million, $3.7 million, and $307,000, during the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014, and 2013, respectively, and investment income of $229,000, $106,000, and $32,000, was recognized during the time that the loans were impaired. The Company recorded realized losses of $3.4 million, $607,000, and $121,000 during the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014, and 2013, respectively, for changes in the fair value of impaired bank loans. At December 31, 2015, unamortized discounts on bank loan participations were $7.1 million, and unamortized premiums on bank loan participations were $35,000. At December 31, 2014, unamortized discounts on bank loan participations were $3.8 million, and unamortized premiums on bank loan participations were $26,000. Major categories of the Company’s net investment income are summarized as follows: Year Ended December 31, 2015 2014 2013 (in thousands) Fixed maturity securities $ 24,178 $ 22,861 $ 24,896 Bank loan participations 13,432 13,809 14,406 Equity securities 4,444 4,103 4,308 Other invested assets 5,947 5,690 5,123 Cash, cash equivalents, short-term investments, and other 672 116 120 Trading losses (9 ) (32 ) (226 ) Gross investment income 48,664 46,547 48,627 Investment expense (3,829 ) (3,542 ) (3,254 ) Net investment income $ 44,835 $ 43,005 $ 45,373 Changes in unrealized gains or losses on securities held for trading are recorded as trading gains or losses within net investment income. Net investment income for the year ended December 31, 2015 included $9,000 of net trading losses of which $7,000 of net trading losses related to securities still held at December 31, 2015. Net investment income for the year ended December 31, 2014 included $32,000 of net trading losses of which $60,000 of net trading losses related to securities still held at December 31, 2014. Net investment income for the year ended December 31, 2013 included $226,000 of net trading losses of which $180,000 of net trading losses related to securities still held at December 31, 2013 . The Company’s realized gains and losses on investments are summarized as follows: Year Ended December 31, 2015 2014 2013 (in thousands) Fixed maturity securities: Gross realized gains $ 2,197 $ 522 $ 14,347 Gross realized losses (826 ) (1,502 ) (2,823 ) 1,371 (980 ) 11,524 Equity securities: Gross realized gains 1,041 88 13 Gross realized losses (10 ) (842 ) (804 ) 1,031 (754 ) (791 ) Bank loan participations: Gross realized gains 1,269 2,178 2,549 Gross realized losses (8,258 ) (1,211 ) (675 ) (6,989 ) 967 1,874 Short-term investments and other: Gross realized gains 54 1,371 12 Gross realized losses (14 ) (1,940 ) — 40 (569 ) 12 Total $ (4,547 ) $ (1,336 ) $ 12,619 The following table summarizes the change in the Company’s available-for-sale gross unrealized gains or losses by investment type: Year Ended December 31, 2015 2014 2013 (in thousands) Change in gross unrealized gains (losses): Fixed maturity securities $ (16,832 ) $ 10,765 $ (41,677 ) Equity securities 724 3,879 (6,281 ) Total $ (16,108 ) $ 14,644 $ (47,958 ) The Company invests selectively in private debt and equity opportunities. These investments, which together comprise the Company’s other invested assets, are primarily focused in renewable energy, limited partnerships, and bank holding companies. Investment Income Carrying Value Year Ended December 31, 2015 2014 2015 2014 2013 (in thousands) (in thousands) Category: Renewable energy LLCs (a) $26,001 $ 25,119 $ 3,936 $ 5,234 $ 4,310 Renewable energy bridge financing notes (b) 6,500 — 3,136 — — Limited partnerships (c) 17,503 4,003 (1,468 ) (128 ) 131 Bank holding companies (d) 4,500 4,500 343 400 275 Other (e) — — — 184 407 Total other invested assets $54,504 $ 33,622 $ 5,947 $ 5,690 $ 5,123 (a) The Company’s Corporate and Other segment owns equity interests ranging from 2.7% to 33.3% in various LLCs whose principal objective is capital appreciation and income generation from owning and operating renewable energy production facilities (wind and solar). The LLCs are managed by an affiliate of the Company’s largest shareholder and the Company’s Chairman and Chief Executive Officer has invested in certain of these LLCs. The equity method is used to account for the Company’s LLC investments. Income for the LLCs primarily reflects adjustments to the carrying values of investments in renewable energy projects to their determined fair values. The fair value adjustments are included in revenues for the LLCs. Expenses for the LLCs are not significant and are comprised of administrative and interest expenses. The Company received cash distributions from these investments totaling $3.1 million and $3.9 million for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively. In March 2014, the Company sold its interest in one of the LLCs for $5.9 million and a $1.9 million realized loss was recognized on the sale. Prior to the sale, investment income of $3.6 million was recognized on this investment in the three months ended March 31, 2014. (b) The Company owns investments in bridge loans for renewable energy projects. The notes, all with affiliates of the Company’s largest shareholder, generally mature in less than one year and carry primarily variable rates of interest ranging from 7.3% to 15.0%. Original discounts and commitment fees received are recognized over the terms of the notes under the effective interest method. During the year ended December 31, 2015, the Company invested a total of $36.3 million in these notes and received maturities and repayments totaling $30.8 million. (c) The Company owns investments in limited partnerships that invest in concentrated portfolios of high yield bonds of companies undergoing financial stress, publicly-traded small cap equities, loans of middle market private equity sponsored companies, and equity tranches of collateralized loan obligations (CLOs). Income from the partnerships is recognized under the equity method of accounting. The Company’s Corporate and Other segment held investments in limited partnerships of $2.2 million and $4.0 million at December 31, 2015 and 2014, and recognized investment losses of $510,000 and $128,000 for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively, and investment income of $131,000 for the year ended December 31, 2013. The Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of the Company is an investor in one limited partnership held by the Corporate & Other segment. The Company’s Excess and Surplus Lines segment holds investments in limited partnerships of $15.3 million at December 31, 2015. Investment losses of $958,000 were recognized on the investments for the year ended December 31, 2015. At December 31, 2015, the Company’s Excess and Surplus Lines segment has an outstanding commitment to invest another $3.6 million in a limited partnership that invests in loans of middle market private equity sponsored companies. (d) Net investment income for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 includes $57,000 and $143,000, respectively, related to a previously held equity investment in a bank holding company (“Predecessor Bank Holding Company”). On July 4, 2014, the Predecessor Bank Holding Company merged with and into another bank holding company (the “Surviving Bank Holding Company”). In exchange for its shares of the Predecessor Bank Holding Company, the Company received $354,000 in cash and $6.4 million of common shares in the Surviving Bank Holding Company, and the realized investment gain on the exchange was $1.4 million. The common shares of the Surviving Bank Holding Company are carried as available for-sale equity securities as they are publicly-traded and the Company does not have significant influence over the Surviving Bank Holding Company. The Company also holds $4.5 million of subordinated notes issued by a company that was substantially owned by the Predecessor Bank Holding Company (the “Bank Affiliate”). The $4.5 million of subordinated notes issued by the Bank Affiliate became debt of the Surviving Bank Holding Company. Interest on the notes, which mature on August 12, 2023, is fixed at 7.6% per annum. Interest income on the notes was $343,000 in both years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014. The Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of the Company previously served as Chairman of the Predecessor Bank Holding Company and the Bank Affiliate. Effective July 4, 2014, the Company’s Chairman and Chief Executive Officer became the Lead Independent Director of the Surviving Bank Holding Company. The Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of the Company is a former investor in the Predecessor Bank Holding Company and is now an investor in the Surviving Bank Holding Company. Additionally, one of the Company’s directors is a former investor in the Bank Holding Company and is now an investor in the Surviving Bank Holding Company. In addition, this director was a lender to the Bank Affiliate and is now a lender to the Surviving Bank Holding Company. The Company’s Chief Financial Officer is a former investor in the Predecessor Bank Holding Company and the Surviving Bank Holding Company. (e) For the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013, income of $184,000 and $415,000, respectively, was recognized on a $3.3 million note agreement with two property development companies. The note, which carried a fixed interest rate of 11.10%, was repaid in full on July 3, 2014. The Bank Holding Company also entered into note agreements with the same property development companies. On December 19, 2014, the Company purchased a $1.0 million certificate of deposit issued by the Surviving Bank Holding Company. The certificate of deposit, which matures on December 19, 2016, is carried as a short-term investment. Interest income of $5,000 was recognized on this investment for the year ended December 31, 2015. Two of the Company’s directors are also directors of First Wind Capital, LLC (“First Wind”), which is an affiliate of the Company’s largest shareholder. At December 31, 2014, the Company held fixed maturity securities with a fair value of $12.6 million issued by First Wind. These securities were called in March 2015, resulting in a realized gain of $845,000. Also at December 31, 2014, the Company held a bank loan participation with a carrying value of $4.6 million from an affiliate of First Wind. The loan was repaid in full in January 2015. The Company maintains fixed maturity securities, short-term investments, and cash and cash equivalents amounting to $401.1 million at December 31, 2015 in trust accounts or on deposit as collateral for outstanding letters of credit issued as security to third-party reinsureds on reinsurance assumed by JRG Re. At December 31, 2015 and 2014, investments with a fair value of $16.2 million and $16.0 million, respectively, were on deposit with state insurance departments to satisfy regulatory requirements. At December 31, 2015, the Company held no investments in securitizations of alternative-A mortgages or sub-prime mortgages. |