Investments | 2. Investments The Company’s available-for-sale investments are summarized as follows: Cost or Gross Gross Fair (in thousands) March 31, 2017 Fixed maturity securities: State and municipal $ 107,019 $ 5,001 $ (811 ) $ 111,209 Residential mortgage-backed 145,415 1,037 (2,990 ) 143,462 Corporate 379,076 4,775 (3,750 ) 380,101 Commercial mortgage and asset-backed 172,092 819 (714 ) 172,197 Obligations of U.S. government corporations and agencies 62,493 191 (130 ) 62,554 U.S. Treasury securities and obligations guaranteed by the U.S. government 70,242 105 (179 ) 70,168 Redeemable preferred stock 2,025 — (29 ) 1,996 Total fixed maturity securities 938,362 11,928 (8,603 ) 941,687 Equity securities 74,531 6,240 (1,304 ) 79,467 Total investments available-for-sale $ 1,012,893 $ 18,168 $ (9,907 ) $ 1,021,154 December 31, 2016 Fixed maturity securities: State and municipal $ 101,793 $ 5,032 $ (984 ) $ 105,841 Residential mortgage-backed 152,703 1,070 (2,975 ) 150,798 Corporate 379,727 4,382 (5,661 ) 378,448 Commercial mortgage and asset-backed 167,967 906 (826 ) 168,047 Obligations of U.S. government corporations and agencies 64,823 276 (85 ) 65,014 U.S. Treasury securities and obligations guaranteed by the U.S. government 71,174 131 (185 ) 71,120 Redeemable preferred stock 2,025 — (216 ) 1,809 Total fixed maturity securities 940,212 11,797 (10,932 ) 941,077 Equity securities 74,553 4,503 (2,655 ) 76,401 Total investments available-for-sale $ 1,014,765 $ 16,300 $ (13,587 ) $ 1,017,478 The amortized cost and fair value of available-for-sale investments in fixed maturity securities at March 31, 2017 are summarized, by contractual maturity, as follows: Cost or Fair (in thousands) One year or less $ 98,952 $ 99,404 After one year through five years 232,153 233,770 After five years through ten years 172,470 171,838 After ten years 115,255 119,020 Residential mortgage-backed 145,415 143,462 Commercial mortgage and asset-backed 172,092 172,197 Redeemable preferred stock 2,025 1,996 Total $ 938,362 $ 941,687 Actual maturities may differ for some securities because borrowers have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without penalties. The following table shows the Company’s gross unrealized losses and fair value for available-for-sale securities aggregated by investment category and the length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position: Less Than 12 Months 12 Months or More Total Fair Gross Fair Gross Fair Gross (in thousands) March 31, 2017 Fixed maturity securities: State and municipal $ 28,964 $ (811 ) $ — $ — $ 28,964 $ (811 ) Residential mortgage-backed 87,741 (1,545 ) 31,113 (1,445 ) 118,854 (2,990 ) Corporate 156,461 (3,519 ) 3,402 (231 ) 159,863 (3,750 ) Commercial mortgage and asset-backed 52,815 (713 ) 4,749 (1 ) 57,564 (714 ) Obligations of U.S. government corporations and agencies 52,142 (130 ) — — 52,142 (130 ) U.S. Treasury securities and obligations guaranteed by the U.S. government 51,941 (179 ) — — 51,941 (179 ) Redeemable preferred stock 1,996 (29 ) — — 1,996 (29 ) Total fixed maturity securities 432,060 (6,926 ) 39,264 (1,677 ) 471,324 (8,603 ) Equity securities 9,667 (161 ) 6,999 (1,143 ) 16,666 (1,304 ) Total investments available-for-sale $ 441,727 $ (7,087 ) $ 46,263 $ (2,820 ) $ 487,990 $ (9,907 ) December 31, 2016 Fixed maturity securities: State and municipal $ 28,398 $ (984 ) $ — $ — $ 28,398 $ (984 ) Residential mortgage-backed 93,242 (1,548 ) 32,330 (1,427 ) 125,572 (2,975 ) Corporate 199,841 (4,212 ) 8,477 (1,449 ) 208,318 (5,661 ) Commercial mortgage and asset-backed 47,990 (799 ) 7,195 (27 ) 55,185 (826 ) Obligations of U.S. government corporations and agencies 50,573 (85 ) — — 50,573 (85 ) U.S. Treasury securities and obligations guaranteed by the U.S. government 48,989 (185 ) — — 48,989 (185 ) Redeemable preferred stock 1,809 (216 ) — — 1,809 (216 ) Total fixed maturity securities 470,842 (8,029 ) 48,002 (2,903 ) 518,844 (10,932 ) Equity securities 21,345 (1,071 ) 6,558 (1,584 ) 27,903 (2,655 ) Total investments available-for-sale $ 492,187 $ (9,100 ) $ 54,560 $ (4,487 ) $ 546,747 $ (13,587 ) The Company held securities of 156 issuers that were in an unrealized loss position at March 31, 2017 with a total fair value of $488.0 million and gross unrealized losses of $9.9 million. None of the fixed maturity securities with unrealized losses has ever missed, or been delinquent on, a scheduled principal or interest payment. At March 31, 2017, 99.4% of the Company’s fixed maturity security portfolio was rated “BBB-” or better (“investment grade”) by Standard & Poor’s or received an equivalent rating from another nationally recognized rating agency. Fixed maturity securities with ratings below investment grade by Standard & Poor’s or another nationally recognized rating agency at March 31, 2017 had an aggregate fair value of $5.6 million and an aggregate net unrealized gain of $254,000. Management concluded that none of the fixed maturity securities with an unrealized loss at March 31, 2017 or December 31, 2016 experienced an other-than-temporary impairment. Management does not intend to sell available-for-sale securities in an unrealized loss position, and it is not “more likely than not” that the Company will be required to sell these securities before a recovery in their value to their amortized cost basis occurs. Management also concluded that none of the equity securities with an unrealized loss at March 31, 2017 or December 31, 2016 experienced an other-than-temporary impairment. Management has evaluated the near-term prospects of these equity securities in relation to the severity and duration of the impairment, and management has the ability and intent to hold these securities until a recovery of their fair value. At March 31, 2017, the Company held a participation in a loan issued by a company that produces and supplies power to Puerto Rico through a power purchase agreement with Puerto Rico Electric Power Authority (“PREPA”), a public corporation and governmental agency of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico. PREPA’s credit strength and ability to make timely payments has been impacted by the economic conditions in Puerto Rico, thus raising doubt about the company’s ability to meet the debt obligations held by the Company. Management concluded that the loan was impaired. At March 31, 2017, the loan had a carrying value of $1.4 million, unpaid principal of $1.6 million, and an allowance for credit losses of $146,000. At December 31, 2016, the loan had a carrying value of $1.7 million, unpaid principal of $2.0 million, and an allowance for credit losses of $177,000. The Company’s bank loan portfolio includes loans to oil and gas companies in the energy sector. The market values of these loans have been impacted by declining energy prices. At March 31, 2017, the Company’s oil and gas exposure in the bank loan portfolio was in four loans with a carrying value of $9.9 million and an unrealized loss of $1.4 million. All of the loans were current at March 31, 2017. Management concluded that two of these loans were impaired as of March 31, 2017. At March 31, 2017, the two impaired loans had a carrying value of $2.0 million, unpaid principal of $2.5 million and an allowance for credit losses of $411,000. At December 31, 2016, one loan was impaired with a carrying value of $1.6 million, unpaid principal of $2.2 million and an allowance for credit losses of $545,000. Management also concluded that one non-energy sector loan was impaired at March 31, 2017. The loan had a carrying value of $630,000, unpaid principal of $712,000, and an allowance for credit losses of $82,000. At December 31, 2016, three non-energy sector loans were impaired with a total carrying value of $3.2 million, unpaid principal of $3.5 million, and an allowance for credit losses of $221,000. The aggregate allowance for credit losses was $639,000 at March 31, 2017 on impaired loans from four issuers with a total carrying value of $4.0 million and unpaid principal of $4.8 million. At December 31, 2016, the aggregate allowance for credit losses was $943,000 on impaired loans from five issuers with a total carrying value of $6.5 million and unpaid principal of $7.6 million. The aggregate allowance for credit losses on impaired loans was $4.6 million at March 31, 2016 and $4.3 million at December 31, 2015. Bank loan participations generally have a credit rating that is below investment grade (i.e. below “BBB-” for Standard & Poor’s) at the date of purchase. These bank loans are primarily senior, secured floating-rate debt rated “BB”, “B”, or “CCC” by Standard & Poor’s or an equivalent rating from another nationally recognized rating agency. These bank loans include assignments of, and participations in, performing and non-performing senior corporate debt generally acquired through primary bank syndications and in secondary markets. Bank loans consist of, but are not limited to, term loans, the funded and unfunded portions of revolving credit loans, and other similar loans and investments. Management believed that it was probable at the time that these loans were acquired that the Company would be able to collect all contractually required payments receivable. Generally, the accrual of interest on a bank loan participation is discontinued when the contractual payment of principal or interest has become 90 days past due or management has serious doubts about further collectability of principal or interest. A bank loan participation may remain on accrual status if it is in the process of collection and is either guaranteed or well secured. Generally, bank loan participations are restored to accrual status when the obligation is brought current, has performed in accordance with the contractual terms for a reasonable period of time, and the ultimate collectability of the total contractual principal and interest is no longer in doubt. Interest received on nonaccrual loans generally is reported as investment income. There were no bank loans on nonaccrual status at March 31, 2017 or December 31, 2016. The allowance for credit losses is maintained at a level believed adequate by management to absorb estimated probable credit losses. Management’s periodic evaluation of the adequacy of the allowance is based on consultations and a of the Company’s independent investment manager, known and inherent risks in the portfolio, adverse situations that may affect the borrower’s ability to repay, the estimated value of any underlying collateral, current economic conditions, and other relevant factors. The Company generally records an allowance equal to the difference between the fair value and the amortized cost of bank loans that it has determined to be impaired as a practical expedient for an estimate of probable future cash flows to be collected on those bank loans. Bank loans are charged off against the allowance after all means of collection have been exhausted and the potential for recovery is considered remote. The average recorded investment in impaired bank loans was $5.3 million and $5.9 million during the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Investment income of $84,000 and $71,000, respectively, was recognized during the time within those periods that the loans were impaired. The Company recorded net realized investment gains of $177,000 and net realized investment losses of $304,000 in the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively, for changes in the fair value of impaired bank loans. Changes in unrealized gains or losses on securities held for trading are recorded as trading gains or losses within net investment income. Net investment income for the three months ended March 31, 2017 includes $3,000 of net trading gains, all of which relates to securities still held at March 31, 2017. The Company’s realized gains and losses are summarized as follows: Three Months Ended March 31, 2017 2016 (in thousands) Fixed maturity securities: Gross realized gains $ 338 $ 842 Gross realized losses (296 ) (1 ) 42 841 Bank loan participations: Gross realized gains 1,136 60 Gross realized losses (539 ) (352 ) 597 (292 ) Equity securities: Gross realized gains 409 – Gross realized losses – – 409 – Short-term investments and other: Gross realized gains – – Gross realized losses (1 ) (2 ) (1 ) (2 ) Total $ 1,047 $ 547 Realized investment gains or losses are determined on a specific identification basis. The Company invests selectively in private debt and equity opportunities. These investments, which together comprise the Company’s other invested assets, are primarily focused in renewable energy, limited partnerships, and bank holding companies. Investment Income Carrying Value Three Months Ended March 31, December 31, March 31, 2017 2016 2017 2016 (in thousands) Renewable energy LLCs (a) $ 31,074 $ 27,067 $ 5,594 $ 681 Renewable energy bridge financing notes ( b) – – – 244 Limited partnerships (c) 24,071 23,852 382 156 Bank holding companies (d) 4,500 4,500 86 86 Total other invested assets $ 59,645 $ 55,419 $ 6,062 $ 1,167 (a) The Company’s Corporate and Other segment owns equity interests ranging from 2.6% to 32.8% in various LLCs whose principal objective is capital appreciation and income generation from owning and operating renewable energy production facilities (wind and solar). The LLCs are managed by an affiliate of the Company’s largest shareholder and the Company’s Chairman and Chief Executive Officer has invested in certain of these LLCs. The equity method is used to account for the Company’s LLC investments. Income for the LLCs primarily reflects adjustments to the carrying values of investments in renewable energy projects to their determined fair values. The fair value adjustments are included in revenues for the LLCs. Expenses for the LLCs are not significant and are comprised of administrative and interest expenses. The Company received cash distributions from these investments totaling $1.6 million and $1.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. (b) The Company has held investments in bridge financing notes for renewable energy projects. The notes, all with affiliates of the Company’s largest shareholder, generally matured in less than one year and carried primarily variable rates of interest ranging from 7.0% to 15.0%. O (c) The Company owns investments in limited partnerships that invest in concentrated portfolios of publicly-traded small cap equities, loans of middle market private equity sponsored companies, and equity tranches of collateralized loan obligations (CLOs). Income f (d) The Company holds $4.5 million of subordinated notes issued by a bank holding company. Interest on the notes, which mature on August 12, 2023, is fixed at 7.6% per annum. Interest income on the notes was $86,000 in both three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016. The Company’s Chairman and Chief Executive Officer was previously the Lead Independent Director of the bank holding company and an investor in the bank holding company. Additionally, one of the Company’s directors was an investor in the bank holding company and is currently a lender to the bank holding company. At March 31, 2017, the Company held an investment in a collateralized loan obligation (CLO) where one of the underlying loans was issued by the bank holding company. The investment, with a carrying value of $5.0 million at March 31, 2017, is classified as an available-for-sale fixed maturity. The Company has held common shares of the bank holding company. Realized investments gains of $409,000 were recognized in the three months ended March 31, 2017 related to shares of the bank holding company. Income of $199,000 was recognized on the shares for the three months ended March 31, 2016. The Company holds a $1.0 million certificate of deposit issued by the bank holding company. The certificate of deposit, which matures on December 19, 2017, is carried as a short-term investment. Interest income of $1,000 was recognized on this investment for both the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016. |