Investments | Investments The Company’s available-for-sale fixed maturity securities are summarized as follows: Cost or Gross Gross Fair (in thousands) June 30, 2022 Fixed maturity securities: State and municipal $ 340,365 $ 938 $ (38,898) $ 302,405 Residential mortgage-backed 312,407 392 (22,244) 290,555 Corporate 656,466 215 (49,860) 606,821 Commercial mortgage and asset-backed 340,434 4 (18,234) 322,204 U.S. Treasury securities and obligations guaranteed by the U.S. government 78,545 31 (2,866) 75,710 Total fixed maturity securities, available-for-sale $ 1,728,217 $ 1,580 $ (132,102) $ 1,597,695 December 31, 2021 Fixed maturity securities: State and municipal $ 323,773 $ 12,156 $ (2,212) $ 333,717 Residential mortgage-backed 246,586 2,384 (2,339) 246,631 Corporate 711,930 26,119 (5,714) 732,335 Commercial mortgage and asset-backed 301,247 4,941 (1,700) 304,488 U.S. Treasury securities and obligations guaranteed by the U.S. government 60,329 653 (592) 60,390 Total fixed maturity securities, available-for-sale $ 1,643,865 $ 46,253 $ (12,557) $ 1,677,561 The amortized cost and fair value of available-for-sale investments in fixed maturity securities at June 30, 2022 are summarized, by contractual maturity, as follows: Cost or Fair (in thousands) One year or less $ 65,952 $ 65,352 After one year through five years 431,295 414,082 After five years through ten years 325,615 289,925 After ten years 252,514 215,577 Residential mortgage-backed 312,407 290,555 Commercial mortgage and asset-backed 340,434 322,204 Total $ 1,728,217 $ 1,597,695 Actual maturities may differ for some securities because borrowers have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without penalties. The following table shows the Company’s gross unrealized losses and fair value for available-for-sale securities aggregated by investment category and the length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position: Less Than 12 Months 12 Months or More Total Fair Gross Fair Gross Fair Gross (in thousands) June 30, 2022 Fixed maturity securities: State and municipal $ 264,848 $ (37,476) $ 6,707 $ (1,422) $ 271,555 $ (38,898) Residential mortgage-backed 207,169 (16,405) 45,750 (5,839) 252,919 (22,244) Corporate 475,416 (37,398) 68,605 (12,462) 544,021 (49,860) Commercial mortgage and asset-backed 288,044 (16,986) 23,225 (1,248) 311,269 (18,234) U.S. Treasury securities and obligations guaranteed by the U.S. government 48,446 (1,212) 17,100 (1,654) 65,546 (2,866) Total fixed maturity securities, available-for-sale $ 1,283,923 $ (109,477) $ 161,387 $ (22,625) $ 1,445,310 $ (132,102) December 31, 2021 Fixed maturity securities: State and municipal $ 93,313 $ (2,162) $ 1,150 $ (50) $ 94,463 $ (2,212) Residential mortgage-backed 140,386 (2,337) 147 (2) 140,533 (2,339) Corporate 179,078 (4,232) 18,635 (1,482) 197,713 (5,714) Commercial mortgage and asset-backed 159,289 (1,695) 1,229 (5) 160,518 (1,700) U.S. Treasury securities and obligations guaranteed by the U.S. government 24,378 (592) — — 24,378 (592) Total fixed maturity securities, available-for-sale $ 596,444 $ (11,018) $ 21,161 $ (1,539) $ 617,605 $ (12,557) At June 30, 2022, the Company held fixed maturity securities of 528 issuers that were in an unrealized loss position with a total fair value of $1,445.3 million and gross unrealized losses of $132.1 million. None of the fixed maturity securities with unrealized losses has ever missed, or been delinquent on, a scheduled principal or interest payment. At June 30, 2022, 99.6% of the Company’s fixed maturity security portfolio was rated “BBB-” or better (“investment grade”) by Standard & Poor’s or received an equivalent rating from another nationally recognized rating agency. Fixed maturity securities with ratings below investment grade by Standard & Poor’s or another nationally recognized rating agency at June 30, 2022 had an aggregate fair value of $6.7 million and an aggregate net unrealized loss of $237,000. The Company reviews its available-for-sale fixed maturities to determine whether unrealized losses are due to credit-related factors. An allowance for credit losses is established for any credit-related impairments, limited to the amount by which fair value is below amortized cost. Changes in the allowance for credit losses are recognized in earnings and included in n et realized and unrealized gains (losses) on investments . Unrealized losses that are not credit-related are recognized in other comprehensive income. The Company considers the extent to which fair value is below amortized cost in determining whether a credit-related loss exists. The Company also considers the credit quality rating of the security, with a special emphasis on securities downgraded below investment grade. A comparison is made between the present value of expected future cash flows for a security and its amortized cost. If the present value of future expected cash flows is less than amortized cost, a credit loss is presumed to exist and an allowance for credit losses is established. Management may conclude that a qualitative analysis is sufficient to support its conclusion that the present value of the expected cash flows equals or exceeds a security’s amortized cost. As a result of this review, management concluded that there were no credit-related impairments of fixed maturity securities at June 30, 2022, December 31, 2021, or June 30, 2021. Management does not intend to sell the securities in an unrealized loss position, and it is not “more likely than not” that the Company will be required to sell these securities before a recovery in their value to their amortized cost basis occurs. Bank loan participations are measured at fair value pursuant to the Company's election of the fair value option, and changes in unrealized gains and losses in bank loan participations are reported in our income statement as net realized and unrealized gains (losses) on investments. Applying the fair value option to the bank loan portfolio increases volatility in the Company's financial statements, but management believes it is less subjective and less burdensome to implement and maintain than the requirements of ASU 2016-13. At June 30, 2022, the Company's bank loan portfolio had an aggregate fair value of $159.9 million and unpaid principal of $175.8 million. Investment income on bank loan participations included in net investment income was $2.7 million and $5.1 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, respectively ($2.5 million and $5.4 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, respectively). Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) on investments includes losses of $9.9 million and $12.0 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, respectively (gains of $1.9 million and $5.8 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, respectively) . For the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021 , management concluded that none of the unrealized losses were due to credit-related impairments. Losses due to credit-related impairments are determined based upon consultations and advice from the Company's specialized investment manager and consideration of any adverse situations that could affect the borrower's ability to repay, the estimated value of underlying collateral, and other relevant factors. Bank loan participations generally provide a higher yield than our portfolio of fixed maturities and have a credit rating that is below investment grade (i.e. below “BBB-” for Standard & Poor’s) at the date of purchase. These bank loans are primarily senior, secured floating-rate debt rated “BB”, “B”, or “CCC” by Standard & Poor’s or an equivalent rating from another nationally recognized rating agency. These bank loans include assignments of, and participations in, performing and non-performing senior corporate debt generally acquired through primary bank syndications and in secondary markets. Bank loans consist of, but are not limited to, term loans, the funded and unfunded portions of revolving credit loans, and other similar loans and investments. Management believed that it was probable at the time that these loans were acquired that the Company would be able to collect all contractually required payments receivable. Interest income on bank loan participations is accrued on the unpaid principal balance, and discounts and premiums on bank loan participations are amortized to income using the interest method. Generally, the accrual of interest on a bank loan participation is discontinued when the contractual payment of principal or interest has become 90 days past due or management has serious doubts about further collectability of principal or interest. A bank loan participation may remain on accrual status if it is in the process of collection and is either guaranteed or well secured. Generally, bank loan participations are restored to accrual status when the obligation is brought current, has performed in accordance with the contractual terms for a reasonable period of time, and the ultimate collectability of the total contractual principal and interest is no longer in doubt. Interest received on nonaccrual loans generally is reported as investment income. There were no bank loans on nonaccrual status at June 30, 2022 or December 31, 2021. The Company’s net realized and unrealized gains and losses on investments are summarized as follows: Three Months Ended Six Months Ended 2022 2021 2022 2021 (in thousands) Fixed maturity securities: Gross realized gains $ 1,332 $ 135 $ 1,698 $ 1,191 Gross realized losses (278) (2) (442) (23) 1,054 133 1,256 1,168 Bank loan participations: Gross realized gains 18 120 113 318 Gross realized losses (122) (523) (306) (783) Changes in fair values of bank loan participations (9,791) 2,340 (11,800) 6,250 (9,895) 1,937 (11,993) 5,785 Equity securities: Gross realized gains 5 82 29 111 Gross realized losses — (94) (381) (495) Changes in fair values of equity securities (8,250) 1,415 (10,992) 3,160 (8,245) 1,403 (11,344) 2,776 Short-term investments and other: Gross realized gains — — — 5 Gross realized losses (24) — (39) — Changes in fair values of short-term investments and other — 10 — 21 (24) 10 (39) 26 Total $ (17,110) $ 3,483 $ (22,120) $ 9,755 Realized investment gains or losses are determined on a specific identification basis. The Company invests selectively in private debt and equity opportunities. These investments, which together comprise the Company’s other invested assets, are primarily focused in renewable energy, limited partnerships, and bank holding companies. Carrying Value Investment Income June 30, December 31, Three Months Ended Six Months Ended 2022 2021 2022 2021 2022 2021 (in thousands) Renewable energy LLCs (a) Excess and Surplus Lines $ 25,736 $ 24,211 $ 81 $ — $ 2,361 $ — Corporate & Other 2,853 2,709 15 129 259 (786) 28,589 26,920 96 129 2,620 (786) Renewable energy notes receivable ( b) Excess and Surplus Lines 2,329 2,329 70 120 140 224 Corporate & Other 2,911 2,911 87 150 174 280 5,240 5,240 157 270 314 504 Limited partnerships (c) Excess and Surplus Lines 11,318 13,098 (828) 241 (696) 416 Corporate & Other 1,701 2,150 — 108 — 862 13,019 15,248 (828) 349 (696) 1,278 Bank holding companies (d) Excess and Surplus Lines 4,500 4,500 86 29 172 29 Corporate & Other — — — 57 — 143 4,500 4,500 86 86 172 172 Total other invested assets Excess and Surplus Lines 43,883 44,138 (591) 390 1,977 669 Corporate & Other 7,465 7,770 102 444 433 499 $ 51,348 $ 51,908 $ (489) $ 834 $ 2,410 $ 1,168 (a) The Company's Excess and Surplus Lines and Corporate and Other segments own equity interests ranging from 2.6% to 32.6% in various LLCs whose principal objective is capital appreciation and income generation from owning and operating renewable energy production facilities (wind and solar). The LLCs are managed by an entity for which two former directors served as officers, and the Company’s Non-Executive Chairman has invested in certain of these LLCs. The equity method is used to account for the Company’s LLC investments. Income for the LLCs primarily reflects adjustments to the carrying values of investments in renewable energy projects to their determined fair values. The fair value adjustments are included in revenues for the LLCs. Expenses for the LLCs are not significant and are comprised of administrative and interest expenses. The Company received cash distributions from these investments totaling $951,000 and $266,000 in the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively. (b) The Company's Excess and Surplus Lines and Corporate and Other segments have invested in notes receivable for renewable energy projects. At June 30, 2022, the Company held two notes issued by an entity for which two of our former directors serve as officers . Interest on the notes, which mature in 2025, is fixed at 12%. (c) The Company owns investments in limited partnerships that invest in concentrated portfolios including publicly-traded small cap equities, loans of middle market private equity sponsored companies, private equity general partnership interests, commercial mortgage-backed securities, and tranches of distressed home loans. Income f rom the partnerships is recognized under the equity method of accounting. At June 30, 2022, the Company’s Excess and Surplus Lines segment has outstanding commitments to invest another $5.3 million in these limited partnerships. (d) The Company's Excess and Surplus Lines segment holds $4.5 million of subordinated notes issued by a bank holding company for which the Company’s Non-Executive Chairman was previously the Lead Independent Director and an investor and for which one of the Company’s directors is also an investor (the "Bank Holding Company"). Interest on the notes, which mature on August 12, 2023, is fixed at 7.6% per annum. |