Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates | 2. Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates Basis of Presentation These accompanying financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP and pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) for annual financial statements. Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported therein. Due to the inherent uncertainty involved in making estimates, actual results reported in future periods may be based upon amounts that differ from these estimates. Reclassifications Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation. These reclassifications had no impact on the Company’s net (loss) earnings and financial position. Fair Value Measurements Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability, in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. Valuation techniques used to measure fair value must maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. The fair value hierarchy is based on three levels of inputs, of which the first two are considered observable and the last unobservable, as follows: Level 1 – Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. Level 2 – Inputs other than Level 1 that are observable, either directly or indirectly, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities. Level 3 – Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the measurement of the fair value of the assets or liabilities. The Company’s financial instruments include cash, accounts receivable, note receivable, accounts payables and tenant deposits. The carrying values of these financial instruments approximate their fair value due to their short maturities. The carrying amount of the Company’s debt approximates fair value because the interest rates on these instruments approximate the interest rate on debt with similar terms available to us. The Company’s derivative liability was adjusted to fair market value at the end of the year, using Level 3 inputs. The following is the Company’s assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring and nonrecurring basis at December 31, 2020 and 2019, using quoted prices in active markets for identical assets (Level 1), significant other observable inputs (Level 2), and significant unobservable inputs (Level 3): December 31, 2020 December 31, 2019 Level 1 – Marketable Securities Available-for-Sale – Recurring $ 276,782 $ 406,774 Marketable Securities at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis Certain assets are measured at fair value on a recurring basis. The Level 1 position consists of an investment in equity securities held in Canada House Wellness Group, Inc., a publicly-traded company whose securities are actively quoted on the Toronto Stock Exchange. Fair Value of Financial Instruments The carrying amounts of cash and current assets and liabilities approximate fair value because of the short-term maturity of these items. These fair value estimates are subjective in nature and involve uncertainties and matters of significant judgment and, therefore, cannot be determined with precision. Changes in assumptions could significantly affect these estimates. Available-for-sale securities are recorded at current market value as of the date of this report. Accounts Receivable The Company extends unsecured credit to its customers in the ordinary course of business. Accounts receivable related to consulting revenues are recorded when a milestone is reached at a point in time resulting in funds being due for delivered services, and where payment is reasonably assured. Accounts receivable related to consulting revenues are recorded based on cultivation yields over time on harvested cannabis. Consulting revenues are generally collected from 30 to 60 days after the invoice is sent. The following table depicts the composition of our accounts receivable as of December 31, 2020 and 2019: December 31, 2020 December 31, 2019 Accounts receivable – trade $ 1,315,188 $ 384,202 Accounts receivable – related party 80,494 72,658 Accounts receivable – litigation, non-current 3,063,968 3,063,968 Allowance for doubtful accounts (44,808 ) (70,885 ) Total accounts receivable $ 4,414,842 $ 3,449,943 The Company establishes an allowance for doubtful accounts based on management’s assessment of the collectability of trade receivables. A considerable amount of judgment is required in assessing the amount of the allowance. The Company makes judgments about the creditworthiness of each customer based on ongoing credit evaluations and monitors current economic trends that might impact the level of credit losses in the future. If the financial condition of the customers were to deteriorate, resulting in their inability to make payments, a specific allowance will be required. At December 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company recorded an allowance for doubtful accounts of $44,808 and $70,885, respectively. Recovery of bad debt amounts previously written off is recorded as a reduction of bad debt expense in the period the payment is collected. If the Company’s actual collection experience changes, revisions to its allowance may be required. After all attempts to collect a receivable have failed, the receivable is written off against the allowance. The Company wrote-off $16,798 of its accounts receivable during the year ended December 31, 2020. The Company wrote-off $80,284 of its accounts receivable during the year ended December 31, 2019. In July 2018, the Company commenced legal action against a customer in Clark County, Nevada for breach of contract, adding a significant value to its receivables for fees that had been booked, due to forbearance grants by the Company that were subsequently violated, causing the Company to increase its receivables accordingly. The Company provided services to this customer for a period of thirteen months, agreeing conditionally to three modifications in December 2017, March 2018 and May 2018 to forego certain revenue sharing payments in accordance with the agreement with the customer, which were subsequently breached by the customer. As a result, the Company engaged legal counsel and filed a complaint in Clark County, Nevada, which alleged breach of contract and sought general, special and punitive damages in the amount of $3,876,850. On August 2, 2019, a jury in the District Court of Clark County, Nevada found in favor of the Company and awarded the Company damages totaling $2,773,321 (See Part II, Item 1, Legal Proceedings for more information). The Company has classified the awarded amount receivable as a non-current asset since the customer has subsequently filed an appeal. Considering this customer’s appeal, the Company sought to compel the customer to obtain and produce a bond securing the award. On December 13, 2019, proof of the bond was posted through United States Fire Insurance Company, naming the Company as the obligee. At December 31, 2020 and 2019, the accounts receivable for this matter totaled $2,773,321, and the related revenue recorded totaled $0 and $1,782,457 for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The Company analyzed the contract, associated revenue and litigation process under Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers Paragraph 606-10-25 states that an entity transfers control of a good or service over time and, therefore, satisfies a performance obligation and recognizes revenue over time if one of the following criteria is met: · The customer simultaneously receives and consumes the benefits provided by the entity’s performance as the entity performs. · The entity’s performance creates or enhances an asset that the customer controls as the asset is created or enhanced. · The entity’s performance does not create an asset with an alternative use to the entity, and the entity has an enforceable right to payment for performance completed to date. Paragraph 606-10-25 further states that the process for determining the proper treatment for a contract modification includes three steps: · Determine whether a change to a contract qualifies as a contract modification. · Determine whether the modification should be treated as a separate, standalone contract or as a modification of the original contract. If the contract is a separate contract, the entity follows the five-step model to determine how to recognize revenue. If the modification is not treated as a separate contract, the entity continues to Step 3. · Determine appropriate accounting treatment for contract modification not accounted for as a separate contract. ASC 606 defines a contract modification as a change in scope and/or price to an original contract or any change to the enforceable rights and obligations of the parties to the original contract. Enforceable rights and obligations are those that are approved by both parties and legally required. A contract modification does not need to be written; enforceable changes can be the result of oral agreements or implied through customary business practices. The effect that the modification has on the transaction price and on the entity’s measure of progress towards satisfaction of the performance obligation is recognized as an adjustment to revenue either as an increase in or a reduction of revenue at the date of the modification. The adjustment to revenue is made on a cumulative catch-up basis. As management determined that the litigation process constituted a contract modification, and that the contract was upheld judicially, the Company recognized and recorded $1,782,457 on a cumulative catch-up basis as of August 2, 2019. On June 7, 2019, the Company filed a complaint against a second customer in Clark County, Nevada, for, amongst other causes of action, breach of contract. On July 17, 2019, the parties stipulated to stay the case in favor of arbitration. On February 25, 2020 ACC Industries Inc. filed a counterclaim alleging breach of contract, which the Company believes is without merit. The Company discovered new facts that lead it to believe that a related entity not previously named as a party to the arbitration should be brought in as a party to the arbitration. Based upon the new facts, the Company filed a motion to amend the complaint to add new claims and the related entity as a party. On September 1, 2020, the court ruled in favor of the Company and permitted the Company to amend the complaint to add the related entity. On September 1, 2020, the Company filed an amended complaint naming the related entity a party and added intentional misrepresentation, fraudulent inducement, civil conspiracy, aiding and abetting, successor liability and fraudulent concealment claims. The Company began arbitration proceedings on November 2, 2020. The Company completed arbitration in February 2021 and expects a decision in early April 2021. As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, the accounts receivable for this matter totaled $290,648. Notes Receivable On July 17, 2018, the Company entered into an intellectual property license agreement with Abba Medix Corp. (AMC), a wholly-owned subsidiary of publicly-traded Canada House Wellness Group, Inc. (CHV). The Company agreed to provide a lending facility to AMC in CAD$125,000 increments of up to CAD$500,000. The lending facility is for a term of 36 months and bears interest at a rate of 2%. As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company had loaned to AMC a total of $246,765 and $241,711, respectively. The Company classified these loans as long-term notes receivable on its consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2019. As of December 31, 2020, the Company has recorded a full allowance on the note receivable balance. Other Assets (Current and Non-Current) Other assets at December 31, 2020 and 2019 were $666,079 and $529,416, respectively. At December 31, 2020, other assets included $345,777 in prepaid expenses, $268,423 in tax receivable, and $51,879 in security deposits. Prepaid expenses were primarily comprised of insurance premiums, vendor prepayments, and prepaid software costs. At December 31, 2019, other assets included $480,881 in prepaid expenses, $21,085 in interest receivable and $27,450 in security deposits. Goodwill and Intangible Assets Goodwill represents the future economic benefit arising from other assets acquired that could not be individually identified and separately recognized. The goodwill arising from the Company’s acquisitions is attributable to the value of the potential expanded market opportunity with new customers. Intangible assets have either an identifiable or indefinite useful life. Intangible assets with identifiable useful lives are amortized on a straight-line basis over their economic or legal life, whichever is shorter. The Company’s amortizable intangible assets consist of licensing agreements, product licenses and registrations, and intellectual property or trade secrets. Their estimated useful lives range from 10 to 15 years. Goodwill and indefinite-lived assets are not amortized but are subject to annual impairment testing unless circumstances dictate more frequent assessments. The Company performs an annual impairment assessment for goodwill at the end of each calendar year and more frequently whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the fair value of the asset may be less than the carrying amount. Goodwill impairment testing is a two-step process performed at the reporting unit level. Step one compares the fair value of the reporting unit to its carrying amount. The fair value of the reporting unit is determined by considering both the income approach and market approaches. The fair values calculated under the income approach and market approaches are weighted based on circumstances surrounding the reporting unit. Under the income approach, the Company determines fair value based on estimated future cash flows of the reporting unit, which are discounted to the present value using discount factors that consider the timing and risk of cash flows. For the discount rate, the Company relies on the capital asset pricing model approach, which includes an assessment of the risk-free interest rate, the rate of return from publicly traded stocks, the Company’s risk relative to the overall market, the Company’s size and industry and other Company-specific risks. Other significant assumptions used in the income approach include the terminal value, growth rates, future capital expenditures and changes in future working capital requirements. The market approaches use key multiples from guideline businesses that are comparable and are traded on a public market. If the fair value of the reporting unit is greater than its carrying amount, there is no impairment. If the reporting unit’s carrying amount exceeds its fair value, then the second step must be completed to measure the amount of impairment, if any. Step two calculates the implied fair value of goodwill by deducting the fair value of all tangible and intangible net assets of the reporting unit from the fair value of the reporting unit as calculated in step one. In this step, the fair value of the reporting unit is allocated to all of the reporting unit’s assets and liabilities in a hypothetical purchase price allocation as if the reporting unit had been acquired on that date. If the carrying amount of goodwill exceeds the implied fair value of goodwill, an impairment loss is recognized in an amount equal to the excess. Determining the fair value of a reporting unit is judgmental in nature and requires the use of significant estimates and assumptions, including revenue growth rates, strategic plans and future market conditions, among others. There can be no assurance that the Company’s estimates and assumptions made for purposes of the goodwill impairment testing will prove to be accurate predictions of the future. Changes in assumptions and estimates could cause the Company to perform an impairment test prior to scheduled annual impairment tests. The Company performed its annual fair value assessment at December 31, 2020 on its reporting units and subsidiary with material goodwill and intangible asset amounts on their respective balance sheets and determined that no impairment exists. Long-Lived Assets The Company evaluates the recoverability of its long-lived assets whenever events or changes in circumstances have indicated that an asset may not be recoverable. Long-lived assets are grouped with other assets at the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows are largely independent of the cash flows of other groups of assets and liabilities. If the sum of the projected undiscounted cash flows is less than the carrying value of the assets, the assets are written down to the estimated fair value. The Company evaluated the recoverability of its long-lived assets at December 31, 2020 on its reporting units and subsidiary with material amounts on their respective balance sheets and determined that no impairment exists. Accounts Payable Accounts payable at December 31, 2020 and 2019 were $3,557,461 and $699,961, respectively, and were comprised of trade payables for various purchases and services rendered during the ordinary course of business. Accrued Expenses and Other Liabilities Accrued expenses and other liabilities at December 31, 2020 and 2019 were $2,705,445 and $1,091,204, respectively. At December 31, 2020, accrued expenses and other liabilities was comprised of customer deposits of $26,826, accrued payroll of $1,154,887, and operating expenses of $1,523,732. At December 31, 2019, accrued expenses and other liabilities was comprised of customer deposits of $148,109, accrued payroll of $714,220, and operating expenses of $228,875. Revenue Recognition and Related Allowances The Company’s revenue recognition policy is significant because the amount and timing of revenue is a key component of its results of operations. Certain criteria are required to be met in order to recognize revenue. If these criteria are not met, then the associated revenue is deferred until the criteria are met. When consideration is received in advance of the delivery of goods or services, a contract liability is recorded. Revenue contracts are identified when accepted from customers and represent a single performance obligation to sell the Company’s products to a customer. The Company has three main revenue streams: (i) product sales; (ii) licensing and consulting fees; and (iii) other operating revenues from seminars, reimbursements and other miscellaneous sources. Product sales are recorded at the time that control of the products is transferred to customers. In evaluating the timing of the transfer of control of products to customers, the Company considers several indicators, including significant risks and rewards of products, its right to payment, and the legal title of the products. Based on the assessment of control indicators, sales are generally recognized when products are delivered to customers. Revenue from licensing and consulting fees are recognized when the obligations to the client are fulfilled which is determined when milestones in the contract are achieved and target harvest yields are exceeded. Revenue from seminar fees is related to one-day seminars and is recognized as earned upon the completion of the seminar. The Company also recognizes expense reimbursement from clients as revenue for expenses incurred during certain jobs. Costs of Goods and Services Sold Costs of goods and services sold are comprised of related expenses incurred while supporting the implementation and sales of Company’s products and services. General and Administrative Expenses General and administrative expense are comprised of all expenses not linked to the production or advertising of the Company’s products or services. Advertising and Marketing Costs Advertising and marketing costs are expensed as incurred and totaled $1,040,671 and $455,047 for years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Stock-Based Compensation The Company accounts for share-based payments pursuant to ASC 718, Stock Compensation Stock compensation expense for stock options is recognized over the vesting period of the award or expensed immediately under ASC 718 and Emerging Issues Task Force (“EITF”) 96-18 when stock or options are awarded for previous or current service without further recourse. Share-based expense paid to through direct stock grants is expensed as occurred. Since the Company’s stock is publicly traded, the value is determined based on the number of shares issued and the over-the-counter quoted value of the stock on the date of the transaction. On June 20, 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-07 which simplifies the accounting for share-based payments granted to nonemployees for goods and services. Under the ASU, most of the guidance on such payments to nonemployees would be aligned with the requirements for share-based payments granted to employees. Previously, share-based payment arrangements to nonemployees were accounted for under ASC 718, while nonemployee share-based payments issued for goods and services were accounted for under ASC 505-50. Before the ASU, the major difference for the Company (but not limited to) was the determination of measurement date, which generally is the date on which the measurement of equity classified share-based payments becomes fixed. Equity classified share-based payments for employees was fixed at the time of grant. Equity-classified nonemployee share-based payment awards are no longer measured at the earlier of the date which a commitment for performance by the counterparty is reached or the date at which the counterparty’s performance is complete. They are now measured at the grant date of the award, which is the same as share-based payments for employees. The Company adopted the requirements of the new rule as of January 1, 2019, the effective date of the new guidance. The Company recognized $8,230,513 and $7,279,363 in expense for stock-based compensation to directors, employees and consultants during the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Income Taxes ASC 740, Income Taxes requires the use of the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes. Under the asset and liability method of ASC 740, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to temporary differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets are regularly assessed to determine the likelihood they will be recovered from future taxable income. A valuation allowance is established when we believe it is more likely than not the future realization of all or some of a deferred tax asset will not be achieved. In evaluating our ability to recover deferred tax assets within the jurisdiction which they arise, we consider all available positive and negative evidence. Factors reviewed include the cumulative pre-tax book income for the past three years, scheduled reversals of deferred tax liabilities, our history of earnings and reliability of our forecasts, projections of pre-tax book income over the foreseeable future, and the impact of any feasible and prudent tax planning strategies. The Company assesses all material positions taken in any income tax return, including all significant uncertain positions, in all tax years that are still subject to assessment or challenge by relevant taxing authorities. Assessing an uncertain tax position begins with the initial determination of the position’s sustainability, and the tax benefit to be recognized is measured at the largest amount of benefit that is greater than 50 percent likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement. We recognize the impact of a tax position in our financial statements only if that position is more likely than not of being sustained upon examination by taxing authorities, based on the technical merits of the position. Tax authorities regularly examine our returns in the jurisdictions in which we do business and we regularly assess the tax risk of our return filing positions. Due to the complexity of some of the uncertainties, the ultimate resolution may result in payments that are materially different from our current estimate of the tax liability. These differences, as well as any interest and penalties, will be reflected in the provision for income taxes in the period in which they are determined. As the Company operates in the cannabis industry, it is subject to the limits of the Internal Revenue Code (IRC) Section 280E under which the Company is only allowed to deduct expenses directly related to sales of product. This results in permanent differences between ordinary and necessary business expenses deemed non-allowable under IRC Section 280E. Right of Use Assets and Lease Liabilities In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) Under ASC 842, the Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception. ROU assets and liabilities are recognized at commencement date based on the present value of remaining lease payments over the lease term. For this purpose, the Company considers only payments that are fixed and determinable at the time of commencement. As most of the Company's leases do not provide an implicit rate, the Company estimated the incremental borrowing rate in determining the present value of lease payments. The ROU asset also includes any lease payments made prior to commencement and is recorded net of any lease incentives received. The Company’ lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise such options. Operating leases are included in operating lease Right-of-Use assets and operating lease liabilities, current and non-current, on the Company's consolidated balance sheets. |