for the period after March 12, 2019, prior to which they only included AMGP’s income from distributions made on the IDRs of Antero Midstream Partners and AMGP’s expenses, which were limited to general and administrative expenses and equity-based compensation of AMGP.
Accordingly, in addition to presenting a discussion of our results of operations as reported, we are also presenting our pro forma results of operations, which give effect to the adjustments described in Exhibit 99.1 to this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. The pro forma information presented below should be read in conjunction with the unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial statements, which are filed as Exhibit 99.1 to this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and describe the assumptions and adjustments used in preparing such information. The pro forma adjustments are based on currently available information and certain estimates and assumptions. Therefore, the actual adjustments may differ from the pro forma adjustments. However, management believes that the pro forma assumptions provide a reasonable basis for presenting the results of operations on a more meaningful basis.
Results of Operations as Reported
Six Months Ended June 30, 2019 Compared to Six Months Ended June 30, 2020
Revenue and Direct Operating Expenses. Revenues from Antero Resources and direct operating expenses reflect revenue and operating expenses generated by Antero Midstream Partners after the completion of the Transactions on March 12, 2019.
General and administrative expenses. General and administrative expenses (excluding equity-based compensation expense) decreased from $21 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019 to $20 million for the six months ended June 30, 2020. The decrease was primarily due to cost reduction efforts, partially offset by the inclusion of general and administrative expenses of Antero Midstream Partners after the completion of the Transactions on March 12, 2019. Equity-based compensation decreased from $33 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019 to $6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2020 due to the Exchanged B Units that were fully vested on December 31, 2019.
Impairment of goodwill expense. Impairment of goodwill expense of $575 million for the six months ended June 30, 2020 reflects an impairment of the goodwill that was associated with our gathering system due to declines in commodity prices and the industry environment. There was no impairment of goodwill for the six months ended June 30, 2019.
Impairment of property and equipment expense. Impairment of property and equipment expense of $0.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019 was primarily for the decommissioning of assets related to a third-party compressor station. Impairment of property and equipment expense of $89 million for the six months ended June 30, 2020 was for the impairment of fresh water delivery assets in the Utica Shale region.
Depreciation expense. Depreciation expense increased from $44 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019 to $55 million for the six months ended June 30, 2020 as a result of our acquisition of Antero Midstream Partners on March 12, 2019.
Interest expense. Interest expense increased from $38 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019 to $73 million for the six months ended June 30, 2020 as a result of the acquisition of Antero Midstream Partners on March 12, 2019, which included the assumption of approximately $2.4 billion of debt, and Antero Midstream Partners’ issuance of $650 million of 5.75% senior unsecured notes in June 2019.
Operating income (loss). Total operating income was $128 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019. Net operating loss was $384 million for the six months ended June 30, 2020. The change is primarily due to impairment of goodwill and property and equipment and as a result of our acquisition of Antero Midstream Partners on March 12, 2019.
Equity in earnings of unconsolidated affiliates. Equity in earnings of unconsolidated affiliates increased from $17 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019 to $40 million for the six months ended June 30, 2020 as a result of our acquisition of Antero Midstream Partners on March 12, 2019 and an increase in the level of operations at the Joint Venture in 2020.
Income tax benefit (expense). Income tax expense for the six months ended June 30, 2019 was $28 million. Income tax benefit for the six months ended June 30, 2020 was $113 million primarily due to the loss before income taxes for the six months ended June 30, 2020 coupled with an $11 million benefit related to the carryback of NOLs to prior tax years. This carryback generated a federal income tax receivable of $55 million, of which $39 million had been received as of June 30, 2020. This carryback is a result of a provision included in the CARES Act that allows corporations with NOLs incurred in 2018, 2019 and 2020 to carry