General and administrative. General and administrative expense consists of personnel related costs, which include salaries and stock-based compensation, as well as the costs of professional services, such as accounting and legal, facilities, information technology, depreciation and amortization and other administrative expenses. General and administrative expense may fluctuate as a percentage of revenue, notably in the second and third quarters of our fiscal year when we have historically experienced our highest levels of revenue.
Research and development. Research and development expense consists primarily of personnel related costs, prototype and sample costs, design costs and global product certifications mostly for wireless certifications.
Other income (expense), net
Other income (expense), net primarily consists of interest expense associated with our debt financing arrangements, gains (losses) on the settlements of debt and trade payable obligations exchanged for common shares, and the effects of changes in the fair value of derivative liabilities.
Income tax expense
We are subject to income taxes in the jurisdictions in which we do business, including the United States, United Kingdom, Mexico, Sweden, Finland, Holland, and Germany. The United Kingdom, Mexico, Sweden, Finland, Holland, and Germany have a statutory tax rate different from that in the United States. Additionally, certain of the Company’s international earnings are also taxable in the United States. Accordingly, our effective tax rates will vary depending on the relative proportion of foreign to U.S. income, the absorption of foreign tax credits, changes in the valuation of our deferred tax assets and liabilities and changes in tax laws. We regularly assess the likelihood of adverse outcomes resulting from the examination of our tax returns by the U.S. Internal Revenue Service, or IRS, and other tax authorities to determine the adequacy of our income tax reserves and expense. Should actual events or results differ from our current expectations, charges or credits to our income tax expense may become necessary. Any such adjustments could have a significant impact on our results of operations.
Operating Results – Boxlight Corporation
For the three-month periods ended September 30, 2022 and 2021
Revenues. Total revenues for the three months ended September 30, 2022 were $68.7 million as compared to $61.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021, resulting in a 12.7% increase in revenue. Revenues primarily consist of hardware revenue, software revenue, and professional development. The increase in revenues was primarily due to the acquisition of FrontRow in December 2021, as well as increased demand for the Company’s solutions in the U.S. FrontRow revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2022 was $5.6 million.
Cost of Revenues. Cost of revenues for the three months ended September 30, 2022 was $47.7 million compared to $45.2 million for the three months ended September, 30, 2021, resulting in a 5.5% increase. Cost of revenues consists primarily of product cost, freight expenses, customs expense, and inventory adjustments. The increase in cost of revenues was associated with increased sales and the FrontRow acquisition.
Gross Profit. Gross profit for the three months ended September 30, 2022, was $21.0 million, as compared to $15.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021. The gross profit margin for the three months ended September 30, 2022 was 30.6% which is an increase of 470 basis points compared to the comparable three months in 2021. Gross profit margin, adjusted for the net effect of acquisition-related purchase accounting of $698 thousand and $730 thousand, was 31.6% as compared to the 27.1%, as adjusted, reported for the three months ended September 30, 2022 and September 30, 2021, respectively.
General and Administrative Expenses. General and administrative expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2022 were $14.0 million and 20.4% of revenues, as compared to $11.9 million and 19.6% of revenues for the three months ended September 30, 2021. The increase was primarily a result of new hires for planned growth and equity-based compensation issuances.