Stockholders' Equity And Stock-Based Compensation | 7 . Stockholders’ Equity and Stock-Based Compensation Private Placement On February 7, 2017, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement with Robert W. Duggan and Maky Zanganeh (the “Investors”), pursuant to which the Company, in a private placement, issue d and sold to the Investors an aggregate of 819,673 shares of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.001 per share, at a price per share of $6.10 , for net proceeds of approximately $4,965,000 . Warrants During the six months ended June 30, 2017, warrants to purchase 169,489 shares of common stock were either cash or net exercised, resulting in the issuance of approximately 136,552 shares of common stock. As of June 30, 2017, 705,121 warrants remained outstanding. Equity Plans 2017 Equity Incentive Plan The Board of Directors (the “Board”) of the Company previously adopted, subject to stockholder approval, the Company’s 2017 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2017 Plan”). The Company’s stockholders approved the 2017 Plan at the annual meeting of stockholders held on May 16, 2017 (the “Annual Meeting”). The 2017 Plan has a 10 -year term, and provides for the grant of stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units, performance units, and performance shares to employees, directors and consultants of the Company and any parent or subsidiary of the Company, as the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors may determine. Subject to an annual evergreen increase and adjustment in the case of certain capitalization events, 1,500,000 shares of our common stock are authorized for issuance pursuant to awards under the 2017 Plan. In addition, shares remaining available under our 2015 Equity Incentive Plan, as amended (the “2015 Plan”), and shares reserved but not issued pursuant to outstanding equity awards that expire or terminate without being exercised or that are forfeited or repurchased by the Company will be added to the shares of common stock available for issuance under the 2017 Plan. The 2017 Plan is administered by the Board’s Compensation Committee. 2017 Employee Stock Purchase Plan The Board of the Company previously adopted, subject to stockholder approval, the Company’s 2017 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “2017 ESPP”). At the Annual Meeting, the stockholders approved the 2017 ESPP. The 2017 ESPP is a broad-based plan that provides employees of the Company and its designated affiliates with the opportunity to become stockholders through periodic payroll deductions that are applied towards the purchase of Company common shares at a discount from the then-current market price. Subject to adjustment in the case of certain capitalization events, a total of 250,000 common shares of the Company are available for purchase under the 2017 ESPP. As of June 30, 2017 , the Company had three active equity compensation plan s , the outstanding shares under the 2015 Plan, the 201 7 Plan and the 2017 ESPP . The following table summarizes stock option activity for the 2015 Plan and the 2017 Plan for the six -month period ended June 30 , 201 7 (in thousands, except per share amounts): Stock Options Outstanding Weighted Weighted average Number average remaining life of shares exercise price (in years) Balances — December 31, 2016 1,229 $ 3.82 7.6 Options granted 1,068 27.02 Options exercised (63) 2.98 Options canceled (6) 4.00 Options expired — — Balances — June 30, 2017 2,228 $ 14.97 8.6 Exercisable 530 The Company did not issue any common stock under the 2017 ESPP during the six-month period ended June 30, 2017. Stock-based Compensation Total stock-based compensation expense consisted of the following (in thousands): Three-Month Periods Ended Six-Month Periods Ended June 30, June 30, 2017 2016 2017 2016 General and administrative $ 2,305 $ 147 $ 2,509 $ 295 Research and development 485 49 544 94 Total stock-based compensation expense $ 2,790 $ 196 $ 3,053 $ 389 The Company estimated the fair value of employee stock options on the grant date using the Black-Scholes option pricing model . The estimated fair value of employee stock options is amortized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period of the awards. The Company reviews, and when deemed appropriate, updates the assumptions used on a periodic basis. Due to the limited trading history of the Company’s common stock, the Company utilizes a portfolio of comparable companies to estimate volatility. The fair value of employee stock options was estimated using the following weighted - average assumptions: Three-Month Periods Ended June 30, Six-Month Periods Ended June 30, 2017 2016 2017 2016 Expected term in years 5.3 - 6.1 6.1 5.3 - 6.1 6.1 Expected volatility 80% 80% 80% 80% Risk-free interest rate 1.9 - 2.0% 1.31% 1.9 - 2.1% 1.39% Dividend yield — — — — The Company granted stock options to a non-employee during the six-month period ended June 30, 2017. The Company uses the Black-Scholes option-pricing model to estimate the fair value of awards granted to nonemployees. The measurement of stock-based compensation for nonemployees is subject to periodic adjustments as the underlying equity instruments vest, and the resulting change in value, if any, is recognized in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations during the period the related services are rendered. The fair value of a nonemployee stock option during the six-month period ended June 30, 2017 was estimated using the following assumptions: expected term: 9.9 years; expected volatility: 80% ; risk-free interest rate: 2.4% ; and dividend yield: none . The Company did not grant any stock options to non-employees during the three-month period ended June 30, 2017. The Company estimated the fair value of ESPP on the grant date using the Black-Scholes option pricing model . The estimated fair value of ESPP is amortized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period of the awards. The Company reviews, and when deemed appropriate, updates the assumptions used on a periodic basis. Due to the limited trading history of the Company’s common stock, the Company utilizes a portfolio of comparable companies to estimate volatility. The fair value of ESPP was estimated using the following weighted - average assumptions: Three-Month Periods Ended June 30, Six-Month Periods Ended June 30, 2017 2016 2017 2016 Expected term in years 0.8 - 1.3 N/A 0.8 - 1.3 N/A Expected volatility 95% N/A 95% N/A Risk-free interest rate 1.1% N/A 1.1% N/A Dividend yield — N/A — N/A During June 2017, the Company granted 160,974 restricted stock units (“RSUs”) to an officer, with a cliff vest in June 2018 . The stock-based compensation expense related to these RSUs was approximately $333,000 for the three-month and six-month periods ended June 30, 2017. |