ARES INDUSTRIAL REAL ESTATE INCOME TRUST 10Q 2023 Q1 Quarterly report

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)


☒	QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2023


☐	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to

Commission file number: 000-56032

Ares Industrial Real Estate Income Trust Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)


Maryland		47-1592886
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)		(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)


One Tabor Center 1200 Seventeenth Street, Suite 2900 Denver, CO		80202
(Address of principal executive offices)		(Zip code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (303) 228-2200

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: None

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer	☐	Accelerated filer	☐	Smaller reporting company	☐

Non-accelerated filer	☒			Emerging growth company	☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

As of May 5, 2023, there were 208,981,603 shares of the registrant’s Class T common stock, 21,027,364 shares of the registrant’s Class D common stock and 79,481,168 shares of the registrant’s Class I common stock outstanding.

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ARES INDUSTRIAL REAL ESTATE INCOME TRUST INC.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

		Page
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1.	Financial Statements:
	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2023 (unaudited) and December 31, 2022	3
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 (unaudited)	4
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 (unaudited)	5
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Equity for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 (unaudited)	6
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 (unaudited)	7
	Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)	8
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	22
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	41
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	41
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	42
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	42
Item 6.	Exhibits	45

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PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

ARES INDUSTRIAL REAL ESTATE INCOME TRUST INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS


	As of
	March 31,		December 31,
(in thousands, except per share data)	2023		2022
	(unaudited)
ASSETS
Net investment in real estate properties	$	6,780,721	$	6,733,878
Investment in unconsolidated joint venture partnership		20,109		19,668
Cash and cash equivalents		46,431		79,524
Restricted cash		503		499
Investment in available-for-sale debt securities, at fair value		59,231		60,033
Derivative instruments		76,999		99,333
DST Program Loans		166,097		152,402
Other assets		66,737		78,138
Total assets	$	7,216,828	$	7,223,475
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
Liabilities
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities	$	130,808	$	125,930
Debt, net		2,949,624		2,827,613
Intangible lease liabilities, net		91,124		97,399
Financing obligations, net		1,375,978		1,262,666
Distribution fees payable to affiliates		86,318		92,145
Other liabilities		55,994		194,822
Total liabilities		4,689,846		4,600,575
Commitments and contingencies (Note 14)
Redeemable noncontrolling interests		129,866		69,553
Equity
Stockholders’ equity:
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value - 200,000 shares authorized, none issued and outstanding		—		—
Class T common stock, $0.01 par value per share - 1,200,000 shares authorized, 213,861 and 277,265 shares issued and outstanding, respectively		2,139		2,272
Class D common stock, $0.01 par value per share - 75,000 shares authorized, 20,818 and 20,577 shares issued and outstanding, respectively		208		206
Class I common stock, $0.01 par value per share - 225,000 shares authorized, 77,843 and 66,702 shares issued and outstanding, respectively		778		667
Additional paid-in capital		3,183,710		3,219,132
Accumulated deficit and distributions		(840,246)		(739,497)
Accumulated other comprehensive income		50,215		70,255
Total stockholders’ equity		2,396,804		2,553,035
Noncontrolling interests		312		312
Total equity		2,397,116		2,553,347
Total liabilities and equity	$	7,216,828	$	7,223,475

See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

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ARES INDUSTRIAL REAL ESTATE INCOME TRUST INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(Unaudited)


	For the Three Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands, except per share data)	2023		2022
Revenues:
Rental revenues	$	111,576	$	81,558
Debt-related income		1,068		—
Total revenues		112,644		81,558
Operating expenses:
Rental expenses		27,178		20,688
Real estate-related depreciation and amortization		72,331		55,745
General and administrative expenses		4,127		3,114
Advisory fees		19,254		13,616
Performance participation allocation		—		83,300
Acquisition costs and reimbursements		8,319		1,204
Total operating expenses		131,209		177,667
Other (income) expenses:
Equity in loss (income) from unconsolidated joint venture partnership(s)		76		(111)
Interest expense		48,464		22,467
Loss (gain) on derivative instruments		1,584		(10,902)
Other income and expenses		(2,214)		(274)
Total other (income) expenses		47,910		11,180
Net loss		(66,475)		(107,289)
Net loss attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests		1,672		1,768
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests		(9)		(9)
Net loss attributable to common stockholders	$	(64,812)	$	(105,530)
Weighted-average shares outstanding—basic		313,491		270,466
Weighted-average shares outstanding—diluted		321,582		274,998
Net loss per common share—basic and diluted	$	(0.21)	$	(0.39)

See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

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ARES INDUSTRIAL REAL ESTATE INCOME TRUST INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)

(Unaudited)


	For the Three Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands)	2023		2022
Net loss	$	(66,475)	$	(107,289)
Change from cash flow hedging activities		(20,308)		19,184
Change from activities related to available-for-sale securities		(249)		—
Comprehensive loss	$	(87,032)	$	(88,105)
Comprehensive loss attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests		2,190		1,452
Comprehensive loss attributable to common stockholders	$	(84,842)	$	(86,653)

See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

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ARES INDUSTRIAL REAL ESTATE INCOME TRUST INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EQUITY

(Unaudited)


	Stockholders’ Equity
								Accumulated
						Accumulated		Other
	Common Stock			Additional		Deficit		Comprehensive		Noncontrolling
(in thousands)	Shares	Amount		Paid-In Capital		and Distributions		Income (Loss)		Interests		Total Equity
FOR THE THREE MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31, 2022
Balance as of December 31, 2021	257,169	$	2,571	$	2,475,715	$	(297,570)	$	2,631	$	312	$	2,183,659
Net (loss) income (excludes $1,768 attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests)	—		—		—		(105,530)		—		9		(105,521)
Change from cash flow hedging activities (excludes $316 attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests)	—		—		—		—		18,868		—		18,868
Issuance of common stock	20,181		202		252,594		—		—		—		252,796
Share-based compensation	(33)		—		248		—		—		—		248
Upfront offering costs, including selling commissions, dealer manager fees, and offering costs	—		—		(5,717)		—		—		—		(5,717)
Trailing distribution fees	—		—		(6,895)		5,656		—		—		(1,239)
Redemptions of common stock	(683)		(7)		(8,581)		—		—		—		(8,588)
Distributions to stockholders (excludes $639 attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests)	—		—		—		(36,857)		—		(9)		(36,866)
Redemption value allocation adjustment to redeemable noncontrolling interests	—		—		(7,651)		—		—		—		(7,651)
Balance as of March 31, 2022	276,634	$	2,766	$	2,699,713	$	(434,301)	$	21,499	$	312	$	2,289,989
FOR THE THREE MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31, 2023
Balance as of December 31, 2022	314,544		3,145		3,219,132		(739,497)		70,255		312		2,553,347
Net (loss) income (excludes $1,672 attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests)	—		—		—		(64,812)		—		9		(64,803)
Change from cash flow hedging activities and available-for-sale securities (excludes $517 attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests)	—		—		—		—		(20,040)		—		(20,040)
Issuance of common stock	6,886		69		103,721		—		—		—		103,790
Share-based compensation, net of cancellations	(49)		—		629		—		—		—		629
Upfront offering costs, including selling commissions, dealer manager fees, and offering costs	—		—		(2,952)		—		—		—		(2,952)
Trailing distribution fees	—		—		(979)		6,806		—		—		5,827
Redemptions of common stock	(8,859)		(89)		(134,899)		—		—		—		(134,988)
Distributions to stockholders (excludes $1,107 attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests)	—		—		—		(42,743)		—		(9)		(42,752)
Redemption value allocation adjustment to redeemable noncontrolling interests	—		—		(942)		—		—		—		(942)
Balance as of March 31, 2023	312,522	$	3,125	$	3,183,710	$	(840,246)	$	50,215	$	312	$	2,397,116

See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

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ARES INDUSTRIAL REAL ESTATE INCOME TRUST INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(Unaudited)


	For the Three Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands)	2023		2022
Operating activities:
Net loss	$	(66,475)	$	(107,289)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by operating activities:
Real estate-related depreciation and amortization		72,331		55,745
Amortization of deferred financing costs		2,412		1,259
Financing obligation liability appreciation		4,734		2,327
Equity in loss (income) from unconsolidated joint venture partnership(s)		76		(111)
Loss (gain) on changes in fair value of interest rate caps		5,479		(10,902)
Performance participation allocation		—		83,300
Straight-line rent and amortization of above- and below-market leases		(8,820)		(8,290)
Forfeited investment deposit		7,689		—
Other		864		776
Changes in operating assets and liabilities
Other assets, accounts payable and accrued expenses and other liabilities		(654)		9,919
Cash settlement of accrued performance participation allocation		(77,838)		—
Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities		(60,202)		26,734
Investing activities:
Real estate acquisitions		(40,109)		(25,030)
Incremental investment to acquire joint venture partnership portfolio		—		(268,378)
Capital expenditures		(64,074)		(45,676)
Investment in unconsolidated joint venture partnership(s)		(516)		(8,782)
Collection of principal on available-for-sale debt securities		692		—
Net cash used in investing activities		(104,007)		(347,866)
Financing activities:
Net (repayments of) proceeds from line of credit		120,000		56,000
Proceeds from term loan		—		35,000
Debt issuance costs paid		(23)		(10,210)
Interest rate cap premium		(3,625)		(2,961)
Proceeds from issuance of common stock, net		81,049		230,421
Proceeds from financing obligations, net		93,409		141,957
Offering costs paid in connection with issuance of common stock and private placements		(1,673)		(280)
Distributions paid to common stockholders, redeemable noncontrolling interest holders and preferred shareholders		(16,042)		(13,357)
Distribution fees paid to affiliates		(6,987)		(5,375)
Redemptions of common stock		(134,988)		(8,588)
Redemptions of redeemable noncontrolling interests		—		(40,915)
Net cash provided by financing activities		131,120		381,692
Net (decrease) increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash		(33,089)		60,560
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, at beginning of period		80,023		217,735
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, at end of period	$	46,934	$	278,295

See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

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ARES INDUSTRIAL REAL ESTATE INCOME TRUST INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

1. BASIS OF PRESENTATION

Ares Industrial Real Estate Income Trust Inc. (the “Company,” “we,” “our” or “us”) is a Maryland corporation formed on August 12, 2014. Unless the context otherwise requires, the “Company,” “we,” “our,” “us” and “AIREIT” refers to Ares Industrial Real Estate Income Trust Inc. and our consolidated subsidiaries, which includes AIREIT Operating Partnership LP (the “Operating Partnership”). We are externally managed by our advisor. On July 1, 2021, Ares Management Corporation (“Ares”) closed on the acquisition of the U.S. real estate investment advisory and distribution business of Black Creek Group, including our former advisor, BCI IV Advisors LLC (the “Former Advisor”). As a result of this transaction, Ares Commercial Real Estate Management LLC became our new advisor (the “New Advisor”). Ares did not acquire our former sponsor, BCI IV Advisors Group LLC (the “Former Sponsor”), and we now consider the Ares real estate group (“AREG”) to be our Sponsor. References to the “Advisor” throughout this report mean BCI IV Advisors LLC for periods prior to July 1, 2021 and Ares Commercial Real Estate Management LLC for periods thereafter. References to the “Sponsor” throughout this report mean BCI IV Advisors Group LLC for periods prior to July 1, 2021 and Ares real estate group for periods thereafter.

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included herein have been prepared pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). Accordingly, certain disclosures normally included in the annual audited financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S. (“GAAP”) have been omitted. As such, the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, filed with the SEC on March 20, 2023 (“2022 Form 10-K”).

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect certain reported amounts and disclosures. Global macroeconomic conditions, including heightened inflation, changes to fiscal and monetary policy, higher interest rates and challenges in the supply chain, coupled with the war in Ukraine and the ongoing effects of the novel coronavirus pandemic, have the potential to negatively impact us. These current macroeconomic conditions may continue or aggravate and could cause the United States to experience an economic slowdown or recession. We anticipate our business and operations could be materially adversely affected by a prolonged recession in the United States.

In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements contain all adjustments and eliminations, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments necessary for a fair presentation in conformity with GAAP.

2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Reclassifications

Certain items in our condensed consolidated statements of cash flows for the three months ended March 31, 2022 have been reclassified to conform to the 2023 presentation.

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3. INVESTMENT IN REAL ESTATE

As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, our consolidated investment in real estate properties consisted of 244 and 243 industrial buildings, respectively.


	As of
(in thousands)	March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
Land	$	1,290,292	$	1,284,003
Building and improvements		5,191,162		5,139,402
Intangible lease assets		481,165		479,532
Construction in progress		345,259		285,214
Investment in real estate properties		7,307,878		7,188,151
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization		(527,157)		(454,273)
Net investment in real estate properties	$	6,780,721	$	6,733,878

Acquisitions

During the three months ended March 31, 2023, we acquired 100% of the following property, which was determined to be an asset acquisition:


		Number of	Total Purchase
($ in thousands)	Acquisition Date	Buildings	Price (1)
Bayport 146 Distribution Center	2/21/2023	1	$	49,606
Total Acquisitions		1	$	49,606

(1)	Total purchase price is equal to the total consideration paid plus any debt assumed at fair value. There was no debt assumed in connection with the 2023 acquisition.

During the three months ended March 31, 2023, we allocated the purchase price of our acquisition to land and building and improvements as follows:


	For the Three Months Ended
(in thousands)	March 31, 2023
Land	$	6,289
Building and improvements		43,317
Total purchase price (1)	$	49,606

(1)	Total purchase price is equal to the total consideration paid plus any debt assumed at fair value. There was no debt assumed in connection with the 2023 acquisition.

Intangible and above-market lease assets are amortized over the remaining lease term. Below-market lease liabilities are amortized over the remaining lease term, plus any below-market, fixed-rate renewal option periods. There were no intangible lease assets or liabilities acquired in connection with our acquisition during the three months ended March 31, 2023.

Intangible Lease Assets and Liabilities

Intangible lease assets and liabilities as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 included the following:


	As of March 31, 2023						As of December 31, 2022
			Accumulated						Accumulated
(in thousands)	Gross		Amortization		Net		Gross		Amortization		Net
Intangible lease assets (1)	$	468,295	$	(180,654)	$	287,641	$	466,663	$	(158,757)	$	307,906
Above-market lease assets (1)		12,870		(4,424)		8,446		12,869		(3,872)		8,997
Below-market lease liabilities		(129,824)		38,700		(91,124)		(129,823)		32,424		(97,399)

(1)	Included in net investment in real estate properties on the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

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Rental Revenue Adjustments and Depreciation and Amortization Expense

The following table summarizes straight-line rent adjustments, amortization recognized as an increase (decrease) to rental revenues from above-and below-market lease assets and liabilities, and real estate-related depreciation and amortization expense:


	For the Three Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands)	2023		2022
Increase (Decrease) to Rental Revenue:
Straight-line rent adjustments	$	3,098	$	4,719
Above-market lease amortization		(553)		(405)
Below-market lease amortization		6,275		3,976
Real Estate-Related Depreciation and Amortization:
Depreciation expense	$	50,435	$	37,469
Intangible lease asset amortization		21,896		18,276

4. INVESTMENT IN UNCONSOLIDATED JOINT VENTURE PARTNERSHIPS

On February 15, 2022, we, along with our joint venture partners in the Build-To-Core Industrial Partnership II LP (the “BTC II Partnership”), entered into a transaction to split the majority of the properties in the BTC II Partnership’s portfolio amongst three of the four joint venture partners, with the fourth joint venture partner’s respective interest in such properties having been redeemed for $24.9 million (the “BTC II Partnership Transaction”). We have no further interest in the BTC II Partnership as a result of the BTC II Partnership Transaction.

Concurrently with the BTC II Partnership Transaction, we and our joint venture partners formed a new joint venture partnership (the “BTC II B Partnership”), through which we co-own five properties that were part of the original BTC II Partnership’s portfolio and were not part of the BTC II Partnership Transaction. We own an 8.0% interest in the BTC II B Partnership as general partner and as a limited partner.

As of March 31, 2023, we had an 8.0% interest in the BTC II B Partnership, which includes five properties that were either under construction or in the pre-construction phase, with a book value of our investment in the BTC II B Partnership of $20.1 million, which includes $5.3 million of outside basis difference. The outside basis difference originated from the difference between the contributions we made for the minority ownership interest in the joint venture partnership, which was based on fair value, and the book value of our share of the underlying net assets and liabilities of the BTC II B Partnership.

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5. REAL ESTATE DEBT INVESTMENTS

Available-for-Sale Debt Securities

We acquire debt securities that are collateralized by mortgages on commercial real estate properties for cash management and investment purposes. On the acquisition date, we designate investments in commercial real estate debt securities as available-for-sale. Investments in debt securities that are classified as available-for-sale are carried at fair value. These assets are valued on a recurring basis and any unrealized holding gains and losses other than those associated with a credit loss are recorded each period in other comprehensive income. There were no credit losses associated with our available-for-sale debt securities as of and for the period ended March 31, 2023.

As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, we had five debt security investments designated as available-for-sale debt securities. The weighted-average remaining term of our available-for-sale debt securities, which is based on the fully extended maturity date of the instruments, was approximately 4.0 years as of March 31, 2023. The following table summarizes our investments in available-for-sale debt securities as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022:


($ in thousands)	Face Amount		Amortized Cost		Unamortized Discount		Unrealized Gain (Loss), Net (1)		Fair Value
As of March 31, 2023	$	61,728	$	59,155	$	2,573	$	(77)	$	59,231
As of December 31, 2022		62,420		59,708		2,712		326		60,033

(1)	Represents cumulative unrealized (loss) gain beginning from acquisition date.

6. DEBT

Our consolidated indebtedness is currently comprised of borrowings under our line of credit, term loans and mortgage notes. Borrowings under the non-recourse mortgage notes are secured by mortgages or deeds of trust and related assignments and security interests in collateralized and certain cross-collateralized properties, which are generally owned by single purpose entities. A summary of our debt is as follows:


	Weighted-Average Effective
	Interest Rate as of					Balance as of
	March 31,		December 31,			March 31,		December 31,
($ in thousands)	2023		2022		Maturity Date	2023		2022
Line of credit (1)	6.15	%	5.71	%	March 2025	$	210,000	$	90,000
Term loan (2)	2.87		2.87		March 2027		550,000		550,000
Term loan (3)	3.42		3.65		May 2026		600,000		600,000
Fixed-rate mortgage notes (4)	3.58		3.58		August 2024 - January 2029		996,720		996,720
Floating-rate mortgage notes (5)	3.71		3.68		January 2025 - July 2025		617,250		617,250
Total principal amount / weighted-average (6)	3.63	%	3.55	%		$	2,973,970	$	2,853,970
Less unamortized debt issuance costs							(24,721)		(26,784)
Add unamortized mark-to-market adjustment on assumed debt							375		427
Total debt, net						$	2,949,624	$	2,827,613
Gross book value of properties encumbered by debt						$	2,391,484	$	2,389,179

(1)

The effective interest rate is calculated based on either (i) the Term Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“Term SOFR”) plus a 10 basis point adjustment (“Adjusted Term SOFR”) plus a margin ranging from 1.25% to 2.00%; or (ii) an alternative base rate plus a margin ranging from 0.25% to 1.0%, depending on our consolidated leverage ratio. Customary fall-back provisions apply if Term SOFR is unavailable. The line of credit is available for general corporate purposes including, but not limited to, our acquisition and operation of permitted investments. As of March 31, 2023, total commitments for the line of credit were $1.0 billion and the unused and available portions under the line of credit were both $790.0 million.

(2)

The effective interest rate is calculated based on either (i) Adjusted Term SOFR plus a margin ranging from 1.20% to 1.90%; or (ii) an alternative base rate plus a margin ranging from 0.20% to 0.90%, depending on our consolidated leverage ratio. The weighted-average effective interest rate is the all-in interest rate, including the effects of interest rate swap agreements which fix Term SOFR for the term loan. As of March 31, 2023, total commitments for the term loan were $550.0 million. This term loan is

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available for general corporate purposes including, but not limited to, our acquisition and operation of permitted investments.

(3)

The effective interest rate is calculated based on Term SOFR plus a 11.448 basis point adjustment plus a margin ranging from 1.35% to 2.20%; or (ii) an alternative base rate plus a margin ranging from 0.35% to 1.20%, depending on our consolidated leverage ratio. The weighted-average effective interest rate is the all-in interest rate, including the effects of interest rate swap agreements which fix Term SOFR for $525.0 million of borrowings and an interest rate cap agreement on $75.0 million of borrowings. As of March 31, 2023, total commitments for the term loan were $600.0 million. This term loan is available for general corporate purposes including, but not limited to, our acquisition and operation of permitted investments.

(4)

Interest rates range from 2.85% to 4.71%. The assets and credit of each of our consolidated properties pledged as collateral for our mortgage notes are not available to satisfy our other debt and obligations, unless we first satisfy the mortgage notes payable on the respective underlying properties.

(5)

The effective interest rate of the $209.3 million mortgage note is calculated based on Adjusted Term SOFR plus a margin of 1.50%, including the effects of an interest rate cap agreement on $170.0 million of borrowings. The effective interest rate of the $408.0 million mortgage note is calculated based on Adjusted Term SOFR plus a margin of 1.65%, including the effects of an interest rate cap agreement.

(6)	The weighted-average remaining term of our consolidated debt was approximately 3.3 years as of March 31, 2023, excluding any extension options on the line of credit and the floating-rate mortgage notes.

For the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, the amount of interest incurred related to our consolidated indebtedness, excluding debt issuance cost amortization and amounts capitalized, was $30.9 million and $12.6 million, respectively. See “Note 7” for the amount of interest incurred related to the DST Program (as defined below).

As of March 31, 2023, the principal payments due on our consolidated debt during each of the next five years and thereafter were as follows:


(in thousands)	Line of Credit (1)		Term Loans		Mortgage Notes (2)		Total
Remainder of 2023	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
2024		—		—		38,000		38,000
2025		210,000		—		985,080		1,195,080
2026		—		600,000		—		600,000
2027		—		550,000		129,750		679,750
Thereafter		—		—		461,140		461,140
Total principal payments	$	210,000	$	1,150,000	$	1,613,970	$	2,973,970

(1)	The line of credit matures in March 2025 and the term may be extended pursuant to two one-year extension options, subject to certain conditions.

(2)

The $209.3 million mortgage note matures in July 2025 and the term may be extended pursuant to a one-year extension option, subject to certain conditions. The $408.0 million mortgage note matures in January 2025 and the $367.8 million mortgage note matures in July 2025 and the terms of both may be extended pursuant to two one-year extension options, subject to certain conditions.

As of March 31, 2023, we have no indebtedness with initial or extended maturity dates beyond 2023 that has exposure to LIBOR.

Debt Covenants

Our line of credit, term loans and mortgage note agreements contain various property-level covenants, including customary affirmative and negative covenants. In addition, the line of credit and term loan agreements contain certain corporate level financial covenants, including leverage ratio, fixed charge coverage ratio, and tangible net worth thresholds. We were in compliance with all covenants as of March 31, 2023.

Derivative Instruments

To manage interest rate risk for certain of our variable-rate debt, we use interest rate derivative instruments as part of our risk management strategy. These derivatives are designed to mitigate the risk of future interest rate increases by either providing a fixed interest rate or capping the variable interest rate for a limited, pre-determined period of time. Interest rate swaps designated as cash flow hedges involve the receipt of variable-rate amounts from a counterparty in exchange for us making fixed-rate payments over the life of the interest rate swap agreements without exchange of the underlying notional amount. Interest rate caps involve the receipt of variable amounts from a counterparty at the end of each period in which the interest rate exceeds the agreed fixed price. Certain of our variable-rate borrowings are not hedged, and therefore, to an extent, we have on-going exposure to interest rate movements.

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For derivative instruments that are designated and qualify as cash flow hedges, the gain or loss is recorded as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (“AOCI”) on the condensed consolidated balance sheets and is reclassified into earnings as interest expense for the same period that the hedged transaction affects earnings, which is when the interest expense is recognized on the related debt.

As of March 31, 2023, we have two interest rate cap derivative instruments that are not designated as cash flow hedges and therefore, changes in fair value are recognized through income. As a result, in periods with high interest rate volatility, we may experience significant fluctuations in our net income (loss).

During the next 12 months, we estimate that approximately $34.3 million will be reclassified as a decrease to interest expense related to active effective hedges of existing floating-rate debt.

The following table summarizes the location and fair value of the derivative instruments on our condensed consolidated balance sheets as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022.


	Number of	Notional		Balance Sheet	Fair
($ in thousands)	Contracts	Amount		Location	Value
As of March 31, 2023
Interest rate swaps designated as cash flow hedges	17	$	1,442,830	Derivative instruments	$	51,030
Interest rate caps not designated as cash flow hedges	2		578,000	Derivative instruments		22,859
Interest rate cap designated as cash flow hedge	1		75,000	Derivative instruments		3,110
Total derivative instruments	20	$	2,095,830		$	76,999
As of December 31, 2022
Interest rate swaps designated as cash flow hedges	17	$	1,442,830	Derivative instruments	$	70,994
Interest rate caps not designated as cash flow hedges	2		578,000	Derivative instruments		28,339
Total derivative instruments	19	$	2,020,830		$	99,333

The following table presents the effect of our derivative instruments on our condensed consolidated financial statements.


	For the Three Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands)	2023		2022
Derivative Instruments Designated as Cash Flow Hedges
(Loss) gain recognized in AOCI	$	(11,253)	$	18,038
Amount reclassified from AOCI (out of) into interest expense		(9,055)		1,146
Total interest expense presented in the condensed consolidated statements of operations in which the effects of the cash flow hedges are recorded		48,464		22,467
Derivative Instruments Not Designated as Cash Flow Hedges
Unrealized loss (gain) on derivative instruments recognized in other (income) expenses (1)	$	5,480	$	(10,902)
Realized gain on derivative instruments recognized in other (income) expenses (2)		(3,896)		—

(1) Unrealized loss (gain) on changes in fair value of financial instruments relates to mark-to-market changes on our derivatives not designated as cash flow hedges.

(2) Realized gain on financial instruments relates to interim settlements for our derivatives not designated as cash flow hedges.

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7. DST PROGRAM

We have a program to raise capital through private placement offerings by selling beneficial interests (the “DST Interests”) in specific Delaware statutory trusts holding real properties (the “DST Program”). Under the DST Program, each private placement offers interests in one or more real properties placed into one or more Delaware statutory trusts by the Operating Partnership or its affiliates (“DST Properties”).

In order to facilitate additional capital raise through the DST Program, we have made and may continue to offer loans (“DST Program Loans”) to finance a portion of the sale of DST Interests in the DST Properties to potential investors. As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, there were approximately $166.1 million and $152.4 million, respectively, of outstanding DST Program Loans that we have made to partially finance the sale of DST Interests. We include our investments in DST Program Loans separately on our condensed consolidated balance sheets in the DST Program Loans line item and we include income earned from DST Program Loans in other income and expenses on our condensed consolidated statements of operations.

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The following table presents our DST Program activity for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022:


		For the Three Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands)		2023		2022
DST Interests sold	$	110,914	$	157,121
DST Interests financed by DST Program Loans (1)		13,695		12,669
Income earned from DST Program Loans (2)		1,831		788
Financing obligation liability appreciation (3)		4,734		2,327
Rent obligation incurred under master lease agreements (3)		14,995		6,779

(1) DST Program Loans are presented net of repayments.

(2) Included in other income and expenses on condensed consolidated statements of operations.

(3) Included in interest expense on condensed consolidated statements of operations.

8. FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

We estimate the fair value of our financial instruments using available market information and valuation methodologies we believe to be appropriate for these purposes. Considerable judgment and a high degree of subjectivity are involved in developing these estimates and, accordingly, they are not necessarily indicative of amounts that we would realize upon disposition of our financial instruments.

Fair Value Measurements on a Recurring Basis

The following table presents our financial instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022:


							Total
(in thousands)	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Fair Value
As of March 31, 2023
Assets
Derivative instruments	$	—	$	76,999	$	—	$	76,999
Available-for-sale debt securities		—		59,231		—		59,231
Total assets measured at fair value	$	—	$	136,230	$	—	$	136,230
As of December 31, 2022
Assets
Derivative instruments	$	—	$	99,333	$	—	$	99,333
Available-for-sale debt securities		—		60,033		—		60,033
Total assets measured at fair value	$	—	$	159,366	$	—	$	159,366

The following methods and assumptions were used to estimate the fair value of each class of financial instrument:

Derivative Instruments. The derivative instruments are interest rate swaps and interest rate caps whose fair value is estimated using market-standard valuation models. Such models involve using market-based observable inputs, including interest rate curves. We incorporate credit valuation adjustments to appropriately reflect both our nonperformance risk and the respective counterparty’s nonperformance risk in the fair value measurements, which we have concluded are not material to the valuation. Due to the derivative instruments being unique and not actively traded, the fair value is classified as Level 2. See “Note 6” above for further discussion of our derivative instruments.

Available-for-Sale Debt Securities. The available-for-sale debt securities are debt securities collateralized by mortgages on commercial real estate properties whose fair value is estimated using third-party broker quotes, which provide valuation estimates based upon contractual cash flows, observable inputs comprising credit spreads and market liquidity. We incorporate credit valuation adjustments to appropriately reflect both our nonperformance risk and the respective counterparty’s nonperformance risk in the fair value measurements, which we have concluded are not material to the valuation. Due to the available-for-sale debt securities being unique and not actively traded, the fair value is classified as Level 2.

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Nonrecurring Fair Value Measurements

As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the fair values of cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, tenant receivables, prepaid expenses, other assets, due from/to affiliates, accounts payable and accrued liabilities, and distributions payable approximate their carrying values due to the short-term nature of these instruments. The table below includes fair values for certain of our financial instruments for which it is practicable to estimate fair value. The carrying values and fair values of these financial instruments were as follows:


	As of March 31, 2023				As of December 31, 2022
	Carrying		Fair		Carrying		Fair
(in thousands)	Value (1)		Value		Value (1)		Value
Assets:
DST Program Loans	$	166,097	$	162,003	$	152,402	$	146,728
Liabilities:
Line of credit	$	210,000	$	210,000	$	90,000	$	90,000
Term loans		1,150,000		1,150,000		1,150,000		1,150,000
Mortgage notes		1,613,970		1,529,227		1,613,970		1,521,046

(1)	The carrying value reflects the principal amount outstanding.

9. EQUITY

Public Offering

We intend to conduct a continuous public offering that will not have a predetermined duration, subject to continued compliance with the rules and regulations of the SEC and applicable state laws. On August 4, 2021, the SEC declared our registration statement on Form S-11 with respect to our third public offering of up to $5.0 billion of shares of our common stock effective, and the third public offering commenced the same day. Under the third public offering, we are offering up to $3.75 billion of shares of our common stock in the primary offering and up to $1.25 billion of shares of our common stock pursuant to our distribution reinvestment plan, in any combination of Class T shares, Class D shares, and Class I shares. We may reallocate amounts between the primary offering and distribution reinvestment plan.

Pursuant to our public offering, we offer shares of our common stock at the “transaction price,” plus applicable selling commissions and dealer manager fees. The “transaction price” generally is equal to the net asset value (“NAV”) per share of our common stock most recently disclosed. Our NAV per share is calculated as of the last calendar day of each month for each of our outstanding classes of stock, and will be available generally within 15 calendar days after the end of the applicable month. Shares issued pursuant to our distribution reinvestment plan are offered at the transaction price, as indicated above, in effect on the distribution date. We may update a previously disclosed transaction price in cases where we believe there has been a material change (positive or negative) to our NAV per share relative to the most recently disclosed monthly NAV per share.

During the three months ended March 31, 2023, we raised gross proceeds of approximately $103.8 million from the sale of approximately 6.7 million shares of our common stock in our ongoing public offering, including proceeds from our distribution reinvestment plan of approximately $20.7 million.

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Common Stock

The following table summarizes the changes in the shares outstanding for each class of common stock for the periods presented below:


	Class T	Class D	Class I	Total
(in thousands)	Shares	Shares	Shares (1)	Shares
FOR THE THREE MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31, 2022
Balance as of December 31, 2021	206,129	13,649	37,391	257,169
Issuance of common stock:
Primary shares	9,163	1,631	7,757	18,551
DRIP	1,136	85	206	1,427
Stock grants, net of cancellations	—	—	173	173
Redemptions	(531)	(142)	(10)	(683)
Conversions	(924)	—	924	—
Forfeitures	—	—	(3)	(3)
Balance as of March 31, 2022	214,973	15,223	46,438	276,634
FOR THE THREE MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31, 2023
Balance as of December 31, 2022	227,265	20,577	66,702	314,544
Issuance of common stock:
Primary shares	3,292	764	1,258	5,314
DRIP	929	101	330	1,360
Stock grants, net of cancellations	—	—	165	165
Redemptions	(6,209)	(624)	(2,026)	(8,859)
Conversions	(11,416)	—	11,416	—
Forfeitures	—	—	(2)	(2)
Balance as of March 31, 2023	213,861	20,818	77,843	312,522

Distributions

The following table summarizes our distribution activity (including distributions to redeemable noncontrolling interests and distributions reinvested in shares of our common stock) for each of the quarters ended below:


		Amount
				Common Stock
		Declared per		Distributions		Other Cash		Reinvested		Distribution		Gross
(in thousands, except per share data)		Common Share (1)		Paid in Cash		Distributions (2)		in Shares		Fees (3)		Distributions (4)
2023
March 31		$	0.13625		15,289		1,107		20,648		6,806		43,850
Total		$	0.13625	$	15,289	$	1,107	$	20,648	$	6,806	$	43,850
2022
December 31		$	0.13625	$	14,963	$	618	$	20,522	$	7,372	$	43,475
September 30	��		0.13625		14,593		618		19,942		7,304		42,457
June 30			0.13625		13,674		618		18,953		6,852		40,097
March 31			0.13625		13,043		639		18,158		5,656		37,496
Total		$	0.54500	$	56,273	$	2,493	$	77,575	$	27,184	$	163,525

(1)

Amounts reflect the quarterly distribution rate authorized by our board of directors per Class T share, per Class D share, and per Class I share of common stock. Distributions were declared and paid as of monthly record dates. These monthly distributions have been aggregated and presented on a quarterly basis. The distributions on Class T shares and Class D shares of common stock are reduced by the respective distribution fees that are payable with respect to such Class T shares and Class D shares.

(2)	Consists of distributions paid to holders of OP Units for redeemable noncontrolling interests.

(3)

Distribution fees are paid monthly to Ares Wealth Management Solutions, LLC (the “Dealer Manager”) with respect to Class T shares and Class D shares issued in the primary portion of our public offerings only. All or a portion of these amounts will be retained by, or reallowed (paid) to, participating broker-dealers and servicing broker-dealers.

(4)	Gross distributions are total distributions before the deduction of any distribution fees relating to Class T shares and Class D shares issued in the primary portion of our public offerings.

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Redemptions

Below is a summary of redemptions and repurchases pursuant to our share redemption program for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022. All eligible redemption requests were fulfilled for the periods presented. Our board of directors may modify or suspend our current share redemption programs if it deems such action to be in the best interest of our stockholders:


	For the Three Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands, except per share data)	2023		2022
Number of eligible shares redeemed		8,859		683
Aggregate dollar amount of shares redeemed	$	134,988	$	8,588
Average redemption price per share	$	15.24	$	12.57

10. REDEEMABLE NONCONTROLLING INTERESTS

The Operating Partnership’s net income and loss will generally be allocated to the general partner and the limited partners in accordance with the respective percentage interest in the OP Units issued by the Operating Partnership.

The Operating Partnership issued OP Units to the Advisor and Former Sponsor as payment of the performance participation allocation (also referred to as the performance component of the advisory fee) pursuant to that certain advisory agreement by and among the Company, the Operating Partnership and the Advisor (the “Advisory Agreement”). The Former Sponsor subsequently transferred these OP Units to its members or their affiliates. We have classified these OP Units as redeemable noncontrolling interests in mezzanine equity on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. The redeemable noncontrolling interests are recorded at the greater of the carrying amount, adjusted for its share of the allocation of income or loss and dividends, or the redemption value, which is equivalent to fair value, of such OP Units at the end of each measurement period.

The following table summarizes the redeemable noncontrolling interests activity for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022:


	For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2023			For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2022
($ and units in thousands)	$		Units	$		Units
Balance at beginning of the quarter	$	69,553	4,532	$	15,687	1,311
Settlement of prior year performance participation allocation (1)		62,667	4,105		81,185	6,494
Distributions to redeemable noncontrolling interests		(1,107)	—		(639)	—
Redemptions of redeemable noncontrolling interests (2)		—	—		(40,915)	(3,273)
Net loss attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests		(1,672)	—		(1,768)	—
Change from cash flow hedging activities and available-for-sale securities attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests		(517)	—		316	—
Redemption value allocation adjustment to redeemable noncontrolling interests (3)		942	—		7,651	—
Ending balance	$	129,866	8,637	$	61,517	4,532

(1)

The 2022 performance participation allocation in the amount of $140.5 million became payable on December 31, 2022, and the Advisor elected to settle a portion of the amount owed partially in cash in the amount of $77.8 million, and the remainder in Class I OP Units in January 2023. The 2021 performance participation allocation in the amount of $81.2 million became payable on December 31, 2021, and was issued as Class I OP Units in January 2022 to the holder of a separate series of partnership interests in the Operating Partnership with special distribution rights (the “Special Units”), AIREIT Incentive Fee LP (the “Special Unit Holder”). At the direction of the Advisor, and in light of our Former Sponsor having been the holder of the Special Units for the first six months of 2021, the Special Unit Holder designated 3,221,460 of these Class I OP Units to entities affiliated with our Former Sponsor. The Special Unit Holder transferred 3,273,003 Class I OP Units to the Advisor thereafter.

(2)	At the request of the Advisor, the Operating Partnership redeemed all Class I OP Units issued to the Advisor in January 2022 for $40.9 million.

(3)	Represents the adjustment recorded in order to mark to the redemption value, which is equivalent to fair value at the end of the measurement period.

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11. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

Summary of Fees and Expenses

The table below summarizes the fees and expenses incurred by us for services provided by the Advisor and its affiliates, and by the Dealer Manager related to the services the Dealer Manager provided in connection with our public offerings and any related amounts payable:


	For the Three Months Ended March 31,				Payable as of
(in thousands)	2023		2022		March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
Selling commissions and dealer manager fees (1)	$	2,008	$	4,639	$	—	$	—
Ongoing distribution fees (1)(2)		6,806		5,656		2,278		2,459
Advisory fee—fixed component		19,254		13,616		6,424		6,371
Performance participation allocation (3)		—		83,300		—		140,505
Other expense reimbursements (4)(5)		3,339		3,220		1,738		2,624
Property accounting fee (6)		824		562		277		269
DST Program selling commissions, dealer manager fees and distribution fees (1)		1,438		1,512		714		672
Other DST Program related costs (5)		1,505		2,016		181		145
Development fees (7)		691		815		48		471
Total	$	35,865	$	115,336	$	11,660	$	153,516

(1)	All or a portion of these amounts will be retained by, or reallowed (paid) to, participating broker-dealers and servicing broker-dealers.

(2)	The distribution fees are payable monthly in arrears. Additionally, we accrue for future estimated amounts payable related to ongoing distribution fees. The future estimated amounts payable were approximately $86.3 million and $92.1 million as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.

(3)	The 2022 performance participation allocation in the amount of $140.5 million became payable on December 31, 2022 and was settled in January 2023. The Advisor elected to settle the amounts owed partially in cash in the amount of $77.8 million and the remainder in 4.1 million OP Units.

(4)

Other expense reimbursements include certain expenses incurred for organization and offering, acquisition and general administrative services provided to us under the Advisory Agreement, including, but not limited to, certain expenses described below after footnote 7, allocated rent paid to both third parties and affiliates of the Advisor, equipment, utilities, insurance, travel and entertainment.

(5)	Includes costs reimbursed to the Advisor related to the DST Program.

(6)

The cost of the property management fee, including the property accounting fee, is generally borne by the tenant or tenants at each real property, either via a direct reimbursement to us or, in the case of tenants subject to a gross lease, as part of the lease cost. In certain limited circumstances, we may pay for a portion of the property management fee, including the property accounting fee, without reimbursement from the tenant or tenants at a real property.

(7)

Development fees are included in the total development project costs of the respective properties and are capitalized in construction in progress, which is included in net investment in real estate properties on our condensed consolidated balance sheets. Amounts also include our proportionate share of development acquisition fees relating to the BTC Partnerships, which are included in investment in unconsolidated joint venture partnership(s) on our condensed consolidated balance sheets.

Certain of the expense reimbursements described in the table above include a portion of the compensation expenses of officers, including a portion of compensation (whether paid in cash, stock, or other forms), benefits and other overhead costs of certain of our named executive officers, as well as employees of the Advisor or its affiliates related to activities for which the Advisor did not otherwise receive a separate fee. We incurred approximately $3.2 million and $2.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, for such compensation expenses reimbursable to the Advisor.

Performance Participation Allocation

As used below, “Fund Interests” means our outstanding shares of common stock, along with the OP Units, which may be or were held directly or indirectly by the Advisor, our Former Sponsor, members or affiliates or our Former Sponsor, and third parties.

The performance participation allocation, which will be paid to the Special Unit Holder, is a performance based amount in the form of an allocation and distribution. The performance participation allocation is calculated as the lesser of: (1) 12.5% of (a) the annual total return amount less (b) any loss carryforward; and (2) the amount equal to (x) the annual total return amount, less (y) any loss carryforward, less (z) the amount needed to achieve an annual total return amount equal to 5.0% of the NAV per Fund Interest at the beginning of such year (the “Hurdle Amount”). The foregoing calculations are calculated on a per Fund Interest basis and multiplied

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by the weighted average Fund Interests outstanding during the year. In no event will the performance participation allocation be less than zero. Accordingly, if the annual total return amount exceeds the Hurdle Amount plus the amount of any loss carryforward, then the performance participation allocation will be equal to 100.0% of such excess, but limited to 12.5% of the annual total return amount that is in excess of the loss carryforward.

The allocation of the performance participation interest is ultimately determined at the end of each calendar year and will be paid in Class I OP units or cash, at the election of the Advisor. The performance hurdle was not achieved as of March 31, 2023, therefore no performance participation allocation expense was recognized in our condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2023. As the performance hurdle was achieved as of March 31, 2022, we recognized approximately $83.3 million of performance participation allocation expense in our condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2022.

Joint Venture Partnerships

From the beginning of the first quarter of 2022 until the completion of the BTC II Partnership Transaction, the BTC II Partnership incurred approximately $1.8 million in acquisition and asset management fees, and fees related to development, which were paid to affiliates of the Advisor pursuant to the respective service agreements.

For the three months ended March 31, 2023 and from February 15, 2022, the date of completion of the BTC II Partnership Transaction, until March 31, 2022, the BTC II B Partnership incurred approximately $0.5 million and $0.1 million, respectively, in acquisition and asset management fees, and fees related to development, which were paid to affiliates of the Advisor pursuant to the respective service agreements.

12. NET INCOME (LOSS) PER COMMON SHARE

The computation of our basic and diluted net income (loss) per share attributable to common stockholders is as follows:


	For the Three Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands, except per share data)	2023		2022
Net loss attributable to common stockholders—basic	$	(64,812)	$	(105,530)
Net loss attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests		(1,672)		(1,768)
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests		9		9
Net loss attributable to common stockholders—diluted	$	(66,475)	$	(107,289)
Weighted-average shares outstanding—basic		313,491		270,466
Incremental weighted-average shares outstanding—diluted		8,091		4,532
Weighted-average shares outstanding—diluted		321,582		274,998
Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders:
Basic	$	(0.21)	$	(0.39)
Diluted	$	(0.21)	$	(0.39)

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13. SUPPLEMENTAL CASH FLOW INFORMATION

Supplemental cash flow information and disclosure of non-cash investing and financing activities is as follows:


	For the Three Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands)	2023		2022
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash investing and financing activities:
Distributions reinvested in common stock	$	20,733	$	17,735
Net increase in DST Program Loans receivable through DST Program capital raising		13,695		12,669
Redeemable noncontrolling interests issued as settlement of performance participation allocation		62,667		81,185
Non-cash redemption of minority ownership interest in unconsolidated joint venture partnership		—		91,028
(Decrease) increase in accrued future ongoing distribution fees		(5,827)		1,239
Increase in accrued capital expenditures		6,503		11,510
Non-cash selling commissions and dealer manager fees		2,008		4,639

Restricted Cash

Restricted cash consists of lender and property-related escrow accounts, as well as utility deposits. The following table presents the components of the beginning of period and end of period cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash reported within the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows:


	For the Three Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands)	2023		2022
Beginning of period:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	79,524	$	216,848
Restricted cash		499		887
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	$	80,023	$	217,735
End of period:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	46,431	$	277,374
Restricted cash		503		921
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	$	46,934	$	278,295

14. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Litigation

From time to time, we and our subsidiaries may be involved in various claims and legal actions arising in the ordinary course of business. As of March 31, 2023, we and our subsidiaries were not involved in any material legal proceedings.

Environmental Matters

A majority of the properties we acquire have been or will be subject to environmental reviews either by us or the previous owners. In addition, we may incur environmental remediation costs associated with certain land parcels it may acquire in connection with the development of land. We have or may acquire certain properties in urban and industrial areas that may have been leased to or previously owned by commercial and industrial companies that discharged hazardous material. We may purchase various environmental insurance policies to mitigate our exposure to environmental liabilities. We are not aware of any environmental liabilities that we believe would have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, or results of operations as of March 31, 2023.

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15. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

Renewal of Advisory Agreement

We, the Operating Partnership and the Advisor previously entered into that certain Amended and Restated Advisory Agreement (2022), effective May 1, 2022 (the “2022 Advisory Agreement”). The term of the 2022 Advisory Agreement continued through April 30, 2023, subject to renewal for an unlimited number of one-year periods. Effective as of April 30, 2023, we, the Operating Partnership and the Advisor renewed the 2022 Advisory Agreement through April 30, 2024 by entering into the Amended and Restated Advisory Agreement (2023) (the “2023 Advisory Agreement”). The terms of the 2023 Advisory Agreement are substantially the same as the terms of the prior version of the agreement.

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ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

References to the terms “we,” “our,” or “us” refer to Ares Industrial Real Estate Income Trust Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries. The following discussion and analysis should be read together with our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

CAUTIONARY STATEMENT REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q includes certain statements that may be deemed forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). Such forward-looking statements relate to, without limitation, our ability to raise capital and effectively and timely deploy the net proceeds from our public offerings, the expected use of net proceeds from our public offerings, our reliance on Ares Commercial Real Estate Management LLC (the “Advisor”) and Ares real estate group (the “Sponsor” or “AREG”) of Ares Management Corporation (“Ares”), our understanding of our competition and our ability to compete effectively, our financing needs, our expected leverage, the effects of our current strategies, rent and occupancy growth, general conditions in the geographic area where we will operate, our future debt and financial position, our future capital expenditures, future distributions and acquisitions (including the amount and nature thereof), other developments and trends of the real estate industry, investment strategies and the expansion and growth of our operations. Forward-looking statements are generally identifiable by the use of the words “may,” “will,” “should,” “expect,” “could,” “intend,” “plan,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “believe,” “continue,” “project,” or the negative of these words or other comparable terminology. These statements are not guarantees of future performance, and involve certain risks, uncertainties and assumptions that are difficult to predict.

The forward-looking statements included herein are based upon our current expectations, plans, estimates, assumptions, and beliefs that involve numerous risks and uncertainties. Assumptions relating to the foregoing involve judgments with respect to, among other things, present and future economic, competitive and market conditions, and future business decisions, all of which are difficult or impossible to predict accurately and many of which are beyond our control. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in such forward-looking statements are based on reasonable assumptions, our actual results and performance could differ materially from those set forth in the forward-looking statements. Factors that could have a material adverse effect on our operations and future prospects include, but are not limited to:

●

Our ability to raise capital and effectively deploy the net proceeds raised in our public offerings in accordance with our investment strategy and objectives;

●

The failure of properties to perform as we expect;

●

Risks associated with acquisitions, dispositions and development of properties;

●

Our failure to successfully integrate acquired properties and operations;

●

Unexpected delays or increased costs associated with any development projects;

●

The availability of cash flows from operating activities for distributions and capital expenditures;

●

Defaults on or non-renewal of leases by customers, lease renewals at lower than expected rent, or failure to lease properties at all or on favorable rents and terms;

●

Difficulties in economic conditions generally and the real estate, debt, and securities markets specifically, including the impact of inflation, rising interest rates, the conflict in Ukraine and the COVID-19 pandemic;

●

Legislative or regulatory changes, including changes to the laws governing the taxation of real estate investment trusts (“REITs”);

●

Our failure to obtain, renew, or extend necessary financing or access the debt or equity markets;

●

Conflicts of interest arising out of our relationships with the Sponsor, the Advisor, and their affiliates;

●

Risks associated with using debt to fund our business activities, including re-financing and interest rate risks;

●

Increases in interest rates, operating costs, or greater than expected capital expenditures;

●

Changes to U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”); and

●

Our ability to continue to qualify as a REIT.

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Any of the assumptions underlying forward-looking statements could prove to be inaccurate. Our stockholders are cautioned not to place undue reliance on any forward-looking statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. All forward-looking statements are made as of the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and the risk that actual results will differ materially from the expectations expressed in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q will increase with the passage of time. Except as otherwise required by the federal securities laws, we undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements after the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, whether as a result of new information, future events, changed circumstances, or any other reason. In light of the significant uncertainties inherent in the forward-looking statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, including, without limitation, the risks described under “Risk Factors,” the inclusion of such forward-looking statements should not be regarded as a representation by us or any other person that the objectives and plans set forth in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q will be achieved.

OVERVIEW

General

Ares Industrial Real Estate Income Trust Inc. is a Maryland corporation formed on August 12, 2014 to make investments in income-producing real estate assets consisting primarily of high-quality distribution warehouses and other industrial properties that are leased to creditworthy corporate customers. We currently operate as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes, and elected to be treated as a REIT beginning with our taxable year ended December 31, 2017. We utilize an Umbrella Partnership Real Estate Investment Trust (“UPREIT”) organizational structure to hold all or substantially all of our assets through the Operating Partnership.

We intend to conduct a continuous offering that will not have a predetermined duration, subject to continued compliance with the rules and regulations of the SEC and applicable state laws. In order to execute this strategy in compliance with federal securities laws, we intend to file new registration statements to replace existing registration statements, such that there will not be any lag from one offering to the next. On August 4, 2021, the SEC declared our registration statement on Form S-11 with respect to our third public offering of up to $5.0 billion of shares of our common stock effective, and the third public offering commenced the same day. Under the third public offering, we are offering up to $3.75 billion of shares of our common stock in the primary offering and up to $1.25 billion of shares of our common stock pursuant to our distribution reinvestment plan, in any combination of Class T shares, Class D shares and Class I shares. We may reallocate amounts between the primary offering and distribution reinvestment plan.

Pursuant to our public offering, we offered and continue to offer shares of our common stock at the “transaction price,” plus applicable selling commissions and dealer manager fees. The “transaction price” generally is equal to the net asset value (“NAV”) per share of our common stock most recently disclosed. Our NAV per share is calculated as of the last calendar day of each month for each of our outstanding classes of common stock, and is available generally within 15 calendar days after the end of the applicable month. Shares issued pursuant to our distribution reinvestment plan are offered at the transaction price, as indicated above, in effect on the distribution date. We may update a previously disclosed transaction price in cases where we believe there has been a material change (positive or negative) to our NAV per share relative to the most recently disclosed monthly NAV per share. See “Net Asset Value” below for further detail.

Additionally, we have a program to raise capital through private placement offerings by selling DST Interests. These private placement offerings are exempt from registration requirements pursuant to Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act. We anticipate that these interests may serve as replacement properties for investors seeking to complete like-kind exchange transactions under Section 1031 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”). We expect that the DST Program will give us the opportunity to expand and diversify our capital raise strategies by offering what we believe to be an attractive and unique investment product for investors that may be seeking replacement properties to complete like-kind exchange transactions under Section 1031 of the Code. We also offer DST Program Loans to finance no more than 50% of the purchase price of the DST Interests to certain purchasers of the interests in the Delaware statutory trusts. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, we sold $110.9 million of gross interests related to the DST Program, $13.7 million of which were financed by DST Program Loans, net of repayments. See “Note 7 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements” for additional detail regarding the DST Program.

During the three months ended March 31, 2023, we raised gross proceeds of approximately $103.8 million from the sale of approximately 6.7 million shares of our common stock, including shares issued pursuant to our distribution reinvestment plan. See “Note 9 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements” for information concerning our public offering.

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As of March 31, 2023, we directly owned and managed a real estate portfolio that included 244 industrial buildings totaling approximately 50.7 million square feet located in 29 markets throughout the U.S., with 423 customers, and was 97.5% occupied (98.4% leased) with a weighted-average remaining lease term (based on square feet) of approximately 4.2 years. The occupied rate reflects the square footage with a paying customer in place. The leased rate includes the occupied square footage and additional square footage with leases in place that have not yet commenced. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, we transacted approximately 3.1 million square feet of new and renewal leases, and rent growth on comparable leases averaged 84%, calculated using cash basis rental rates (92% when calculated using GAAP basis rental rates). Industrial market fundamentals remain favorable and we continue to evaluate acquisition opportunities within the industrial market to effectively execute our business strategy. Refer to “Note 3 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements” for detail regarding our acquisition activity during the quarter. As of March 31, 2023 our real estate portfolio included:

●

242 industrial buildings totaling approximately 50.0 million square feet comprised our operating portfolio, which includes stabilized properties, and was 98.5% occupied (98.8% leased) with a weighted-average remaining lease term (based on square feet) of approximately 4.1 years; and

●

Two industrial buildings totaling approximately 0.7 million square feet comprised our value-add portfolio, which includes buildings acquired with the intention to reposition or redevelop, or buildings recently completed which have not yet reached stabilization. We generally consider a building to be stabilized on the earlier to occur of the first anniversary of a building’s shell completion or a building achieving 90% occupancy.

Additionally, as of March 31, 2023, we owned and managed 11 buildings either under construction or in the pre-construction phase totaling approximately 3.1 million square feet. Unless otherwise noted, these buildings are excluded from the presentation of our portfolio data herein.

As of March 31, 2023, we owned and managed five buildings that were either under construction or in the pre-construction phase totaling approximately 1.7 million square feet, through our 8.0% minority ownership interest in the BTC II B Partnership. Unless otherwise noted, these buildings are excluded from the presentation of our portfolio data herein.

We have used, and intend to continue to use, the net proceeds from our offerings primarily to make investments in real estate assets. We may use the net proceeds from our offerings to make other real estate-related investments and debt investments and to pay distributions. The number and type of properties we may acquire and debt and other investments we may make will depend upon real estate market conditions, the amount of proceeds we raise in our offerings, and other circumstances existing at the time we make our investments.

Our primary investment objectives include the following:

●

preserving and protecting our stockholders’ capital contributions;

●

providing current income to our stockholders in the form of regular distributions; and

●

realizing capital appreciation in our NAV from active investment management and asset management.

There is no assurance that we will attain our investment objectives. Our charter places numerous limitations on us with respect to the manner in which we may invest our funds. In most cases these limitations cannot be changed unless our charter is amended, which may require the approval of our stockholders.

We may acquire assets free and clear of mortgage or other indebtedness by paying the entire purchase price in cash or equity securities, or a combination thereof, and we may selectively encumber all or only certain assets with debt. The proceeds from our borrowings may be used to fund investments, make capital expenditures, pay distributions, and for general corporate purposes.

We expect to manage our corporate financing strategy under the current mortgage lending and corporate financing environment by considering various lending sources, which may include long-term fixed-rate mortgage loans, floating-rate mortgage notes, unsecured or secured lines of credit or term loans, private placement or public bond issuances, and the assumption of existing loans in connection with certain property acquisitions, or any combination of the foregoing.

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Net Asset Value

Our board of directors, including a majority of our independent directors, has adopted valuation procedures, as amended from time to time, that contain a comprehensive set of methodologies to be used in connection with the calculation of our NAV. With the approval of our board of directors, including a majority of our independent directors, we have engaged Altus Group U.S. Inc., a third-party valuation firm, to serve as our independent valuation advisor (“Altus Group” or the “Independent Valuation Advisor”) with respect to helping us administer the valuation and review process for the real properties in our portfolio, providing monthly real property appraisals, reviewing annual third-party real property appraisals, providing monthly valuations of our debt-related assets (excluding DST Program Loans), reviewing the internal valuations of DST Program Loans and debt-related liabilities performed by our Advisor, providing quarterly valuations of our properties subject to master lease obligations associated with the DST Program, and assisting in the development and review of our valuation procedures. As part of this process, our Advisor reviews the estimates of the values of our real property portfolio, real estate-related assets, and other assets and liabilities within our portfolio for consistency with our valuation guidelines and the overall reasonableness of the valuation conclusions, and informs our board of directors of its conclusions. Although third-party appraisal firms, the Independent Valuation Advisor, or other pricing sources may consider any comments received from us or our Advisor or other valuation sources for their individual valuations, the final estimated fair values of our real properties are determined by the Independent Valuation Advisor and the final estimates of fair values of our real estate-related assets, our other assets, and our liabilities are determined by the applicable pricing source (which may, in certain instances be our Advisor or an affiliate of Ares), subject to the oversight of our board of directors. With respect to the valuation of our real properties, the Independent Valuation Advisor provides our board of directors with periodic valuation reports and is available to meet with our board of directors to review valuation information, as well as our valuation guidelines and the operation and results of the valuation and review process generally. Excluding real properties that are bought or sold during a given calendar year, unconsolidated real properties held through joint ventures or partnerships are valued by a third-party appraiser at least once per calendar year. For valuations during interim periods, either our Advisor will determine the estimated fair value of the real properties owned by unconsolidated affiliates or we will utilize interim valuations determined pursuant to valuation policies and procedures for such joint ventures or partnerships. All parties engaged by us in connection with our valuation procedures, including the Independent Valuation Advisor, ALPS Fund Services Inc. (“ALPS”), and our Advisor, are subject to the oversight of our board of directors. Our board of directors has the right to engage additional valuation firms and pricing sources to review the valuation process or valuations, if deemed appropriate. At least once each calendar year our board of directors, including a majority of our independent directors, reviews the appropriateness of our valuation procedures with input from the Independent Valuation Advisor. From time to time our board of directors, including a majority of our independent directors, may adopt changes to the valuation procedures if it: (1) determines that such changes are likely to result in a more accurate reflection of NAV or a more efficient or less costly procedure for the determination of NAV without having a material adverse effect on the accuracy of such determination; or (2) otherwise reasonably believes a change is appropriate for the determination of NAV. We will publicly announce material changes to our valuation procedures. See Exhibit 99.2 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for a more detailed description of our valuation procedures, including important disclosure regarding real property valuations provided by the Independent Valuation Advisor.

Our valuation procedures, which address specifically each category of our assets and liabilities and are applied separately from the preparation of our financial statements in accordance with GAAP, involve adjustments from historical cost. There are certain factors which cause NAV to be different from total equity or stockholders’ equity on a GAAP basis. Most significantly, the valuation of our real assets, which is the largest component of our NAV calculation, is provided to us by the Independent Valuation Advisor. For GAAP purposes, these assets are generally recorded at depreciated or amortized cost. Another example that will cause our NAV to differ from our GAAP total equity or stockholders’ equity is the straight-lining of rent, which results in a receivable for GAAP purposes that is not included in the determination of our NAV. The fair values of our assets and certain liabilities are determined using widely accepted methodologies and, as appropriate, the GAAP principles within the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification under Topic 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures and are used by ALPS in calculating our NAV per share. However, our valuation procedures and our NAV are not subject to GAAP and will not be subject to independent audit. We did not develop our valuation procedures with the intention of complying with fair value concepts under GAAP and, therefore, there could be differences between our fair values and the fair values derived from the principal market or most advantageous market concepts of establishing fair value under GAAP. The aggregate real property valuation of $8.96 billion compares to a GAAP basis of real properties (net of intangible lease liabilities and before accumulated amortization and depreciation) of $7.18 billion, representing a difference of approximately $1.8 billion, or 24.8%.

As used below, “Fund Interests” means our outstanding shares of common stock, along with OP Units, which may be or were held directly or indirectly by the Advisor, BCI IV Advisors Group LLC (the “Former Sponsor”), members or affiliates of the Former Sponsor, and third parties, and “Aggregate Fund NAV” means the NAV of all the Fund Interests.

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The following table sets forth the components of Aggregate Fund NAV as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022:


	As of
(in thousands)	March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
Investments in industrial properties	$	8,960,100	$	8,917,900
Investment in unconsolidated joint venture partnership		23,649		22,815
Investments in real estate-related securities		59,231		60,033
DST Program Loans		162,003		146,728
Cash and cash equivalents		46,431		79,524
Other assets		59,731		72,478
Line of credit, term loans and mortgage notes		(2,974,345)		(2,854,397)
Financing obligations associated with our DST Program		(1,358,070)		(1,269,491)
Other liabilities		(164,641)		(163,320)
Accrued performance participation allocation		—		(140,505)
Accrued fixed component of advisory fee		(6,424)		(6,371)
Aggregate Fund NAV	$	4,807,665	$	4,865,394
Total Fund Interests outstanding		320,707		318,741

The following table sets forth the NAV per Fund Interest as of March 31, 2023:


(in thousands, except per Fund Interest data)	Total		Class T Shares		Class D Shares		Class I Shares		OP Units
Monthly NAV	$	4,807,665	$	3,205,950	$	312,074	$	1,160,149	$	129,492
Fund Interests outstanding		320,707		213,861		20,818		77,390		8,638
NAV Per Fund Interest	$	14.9908	$	14.9908	$	14.9908	$	14.9908	$	14.9908

Under GAAP, we record liabilities for ongoing distribution fees that (i) we currently owe the Dealer Manager under the terms of the dealer manager agreement and (ii) we estimate we may pay to the Dealer Manager in future periods for the Fund Interests. As of March 31, 2023, we estimated approximately $88.6 million of ongoing distribution fees were potentially payable to the Dealer Manager. We do not deduct the liability for estimated future distribution fees in our calculation of NAV since we intend for our NAV to reflect our estimated value on the date that we determine our NAV. Accordingly, our estimated NAV at any given time does not include consideration of any estimated future distribution fees that may become payable after such date.

Financing obligations associated with our DST Program, as reflected in our NAV table above, represent outstanding proceeds raised from our private placements under the DST Program due to the fact that we have an option (which may or may not be exercised) to purchase the interests in the Delaware statutory trusts and thereby acquire the real property owned by the trusts. We may acquire these properties using OP Units, cash, or a combination of both. See “Note 7 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements” for additional details regarding our DST Program. We may use proceeds raised from our DST Program for the repayment of debt, acquisition of properties and other investments, distributions to our stockholders, payments under our debt obligations and master lease agreements related to properties in our DST Program, redemption payments, capital expenditures, and other general corporate purposes. We pay our Advisor an annual, fixed component of our advisory fee of 1.25% of the consideration received for selling interests in DST Properties to third-party investors, net of upfront fees and expense reimbursements payable out of gross proceeds from the sale of such interests and DST Interests financed through DST Program Loans.

We include no discounts to our NAV for the illiquid nature of our shares, including the limitations on our stockholders’ ability to redeem shares under our share redemption program and our ability to modify or suspend our share redemption program at any time. Our NAV generally does not reflect the potential impact of exit costs (e.g. selling costs and commissions related to the sale of a property) that would likely be incurred if our assets and liabilities were liquidated or sold today. While we may use market pricing concepts to value individual components of our NAV, our per share NAV is not derived from the market pricing information of open-end real estate funds listed on stock exchanges.

Our NAV is not a representation, warranty or guarantee that: (i) we would fully realize our NAV upon a sale of our assets; (ii) shares of our common stock would trade at our per share NAV on a national securities exchange; and (iii) a stockholder would be able to realize the per share NAV if such stockholder attempted to sell his or her shares to a third party.

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The valuations of our real properties as of March 31, 2023, excluding certain newly acquired properties that are currently held at cost which we believe reflects the fair value of such properties, were provided by the Independent Valuation Advisor in accordance with our valuation procedures. Certain key assumptions that were used by the Independent Valuation Advisor in the discounted cash flow analysis are set forth in the following table:


	Weighted-Average Basis
Exit capitalization rate	5.2	%
Discount rate / internal rate of return	6.3	%
Average holding period (years)	10.1

A change in the exit capitalization and discount rates used would impact the calculation of the value of our real property. For example, assuming all other factors remain constant, the changes listed below would result in the following effects on the value of our real properties, excluding certain newly acquired properties that are currently held at cost which we believe reflects the fair value of such properties:


		Increase (Decrease) to the
Input	Hypothetical Change	Fair Value of Real Properties
Exit capitalization rate (weighted-average)	0.25% decrease	3.5	%
	0.25% increase	(3.2)	%
Discount rate (weighted-average)	0.25% decrease	2.1	%
	0.25% increase	(2.0)	%

Prior to January 31, 2020, we valued our debt-related investments and real estate-related liabilities generally in accordance with fair value standards under GAAP. Beginning with our valuation for February 29, 2020, our property-level mortgages and corporate-level credit facilities that are intended to be held to maturity (which for fixed rate debt not subject to interest rate hedges may be the date near maturity at which time the debt will be eligible for prepayment at par for purposes herein), including those subject to interest rate hedges, were valued at par (i.e. at their respective outstanding balances). In addition, because we utilize interest rate hedges to stabilize interest payments (i.e. to fix all-in interest rates through interest rate swaps or to limit interest rate exposure through interest rate caps) on individual loans, each loan and associated interest rate hedge is treated as one financial instrument which is valued at par if intended to be held to maturity. This policy of valuing at par applies regardless of whether any given interest rate hedge is considered as an asset or liability for GAAP purposes. Notwithstanding, if we acquire an investment and assume associated in-place debt from the seller that is above or below market, then consistent with how we recognize assumed debt for GAAP purposes when acquiring an asset with pre-existing debt in place, the liabilities used in the determination of our NAV will include the market value of such debt based on market value as of the closing date. The associated premium or discount on such debt as of closing that is reflected in our liabilities will then be amortized through loan maturity. Per our valuation policy, the corresponding investment is valued on an unlevered basis for purposes of determining NAV. Accordingly, all else equal, we would not recognize an immediate gain or loss to our NAV upon acquisition of an investment whereby we assume associated pre-existing debt that is above or below market. As of March 31, 2023, we classified all of our debt as intended to be held to maturity, and our liabilities included mark-to-market adjustments for pre-existing debt that we assumed upon acquisition. We currently estimate the fair value of our debt (inclusive of associated interest rate hedges) that was intended to be held to maturity as of March 31, 2023 was $158.7 million lower than the carrying value used for purposes of calculating our NAV (as described above) for such debt in aggregate; meaning that if we used the fair value of our debt rather than the carrying value used for purposes of calculating our NAV (and treated the associated hedge as part of the same financial instrument), our NAV would have been higher by approximately $158.7 million, or $0.50 per share, not taking into account all of the other items that impact our monthly NAV, as of March 31, 2023.

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Reconciliation of Stockholders’ Equity and Noncontrolling Interests to NAV

The following table reconciles stockholders’ equity and noncontrolling interests per our condensed consolidated balance sheet to our NAV as of March 31, 2023:


(in thousands)	As of March 31, 2023
Total stockholder's equity	$	2,396,804
Noncontrolling interests		312
Total equity under GAAP		2,397,116

Adjustments:
Accrued distribution fee (1)		86,302
Redeemable noncontrolling interests (2)		129,866
Unrealized net real estate, financing obligations, debt and interest rate hedge appreciation (depreciation) (3)		1,694,140
Unrealized gain (loss) on investments in unconsolidated joint venture partnership(s) (4)		3,540
Accumulated depreciation and amortization (5)		488,457
Other adjustments (6)		8,244
Aggregate Fund NAV	$	4,807,665

(1)

Accrued distribution fee represents the accrual for the full cost of the distribution fee for Class T and Class D shares. Under GAAP, we accrued the full cost of the distribution fee payable over the life of each share (assuming such share remains outstanding the length of time required to pay the maximum distribution fee) as an offering cost at the time we sold the Class T and Class D shares. For purposes of calculating the NAV, we recognize the distribution fee as a reduction of NAV on a monthly basis when such fee is paid and do not deduct the liability for estimated future distribution fees that may become payable after the date as of which our NAV is calculated.

(2)	Redeemable noncontrolling interests are related to our OP Units, and are included in our determination of NAV but not included in total equity.

(3)

Our investments in real estate are presented at historical cost in our condensed consolidated financial statements. Additionally, our mortgage notes, term loans and line of credit are presented at their carrying value in our condensed consolidated financial statements. As such, any increases of decreases in the fair market value of our investments in real estate or our debt instruments are not included in our GAAP results. For purposes of determining our NAV, our investments in real estate and certain of debt are recorded at fair value. Notwithstanding, our property-level mortgages and corporate-level credit facilities that are intended to be held to maturity, including those subject to interest rates hedges, are valued at par (i.e. at their respective outstanding balances).

(4)

Our investments in unconsolidated joint venture partnerships are presented under historical cost in our condensed consolidated financial statements. As such, any increases or decreases in the fair market value of the underlying investments or underlying debt instruments are not included in our GAAP results. For purposes of determining our NAV, the investments in the underlying real estate and certain of the underlying debt are recorded at fair value, and reflected in our NAV at our proportional ownership interest.

(5)	We depreciate our investments in real estate and amortize certain other assets and liabilities in accordance with GAAP. Such depreciation and amortization is not recorded for purposes of determining our NAV.

(6)	Includes (i) straight-line rent receivables, which are recorded in accordance with GAAP but not recorded for purposes of determining our NAV, and (ii) other minor adjustments.

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Performance

Our NAV decreased from $15.26 per share as of December 31, 2022 to $14.99 per share as of March 31, 2023. The decrease in NAV was primarily driven by the expansion of capital markets assumptions and the impact of recent interest rate increases.

As noted above, effective February 29, 2020, our board of directors approved amendments to our valuation procedures which revised the way we value property-level mortgages, corporate-level credit facilities and associated interest rate hedges when loans, including associated interest rate hedges, are intended to be held to maturity, effectively eliminating all mark-to-market adjustments for such loans and hedges from the calculation of our NAV. The following table summarizes the impact of interest rate movements on our returns assuming we continued to include the mark-to-market adjustments for all borrowing-related interest rate hedge and debt instruments beginning with the February 29, 2020 NAV:


					One-Year						Since NAV
	Trailing				(Trailing		Three-Year		Five-Year		Inception
(as of March 31, 2023)	Three-Months (1)		Year-to-Date (1)		12-Months) (1)		Annualized (1)		Annualized (1)		Annualized (1)(2)(3)
Class T Share Total Return (with Sales Charge) (3)	(5.55)	%	(5.55)	%	1.56	%	16.73	%	11.84	%	11.27	%
Adjusted Class T Share Total Return (with Sales Charge) (continued inclusion of mark-to-market adjustments for borrowing-related interest rate hedge and debt instruments) (4)	(6.07)	%	(6.07)	%	2.68	%	17.96	%	12.73	%	11.82	%
Difference	0.52	%	0.52	%	(1.12)	%	(1.23)	%	(0.89)	%	(0.55)	%

Class T Share Total Return (without Sales Charge) (3)	(1.10)	%	(1.10)	%	6.34	%	18.54	%	12.87	%	12.22	%
Adjusted Class T Share Total Return (without Sales Charge) (continued inclusion of mark-to-market adjustments for borrowing-related interest rate hedge and debt instruments) (4)	(1.64)	%	(1.64)	%	7.52	%	19.78	%	13.78	%	12.78	%
Difference	0.54	%	0.54	%	(1.18)	%	(1.24)	%	(0.91)	%	(0.56)	%

Class D Share Total Return (3)	(0.96)	%	(0.96)	%	6.95	%	19.11	%	N/A		13.88	%
Adjusted Class D Share Total Return (continued inclusion of mark-to-market adjustments for borrowing-related interest rate hedge and debt instruments) (4)	(1.51)	%	(1.51)	%	8.13	%	20.36	%	N/A		14.52	%
Difference	0.55	%	0.55	%	(1.18)	%	(1.25)	%	N/A		(0.64)	%

Class I Share Total Return (3)	(0.91)	%	(0.91)	%	7.20	%	19.56	%	13.90	%	13.25	%
Adjusted Class I Share Total Return (continued inclusion of mark-to-market adjustments for borrowing-related interest rate hedge and debt instruments) (4)	(1.45)	%	(1.45)	%	8.39	%	20.82	%	14.81	%	13.81	%
Difference	0.54	%	0.54	%	(1.19)	%	(1.26)	%	(0.91)	%	(0.56)	%

(1)

Performance is measured by total return, which includes income and appreciation (i.e., distributions and changes in NAV) and reinvestment of all distributions (“Total Return”) for the respective time period. Past performance is not a guarantee of future results. Performance data quoted above is historical. Current performance may be higher or lower than the performance data quoted. Actual individual stockholder returns will vary. The returns have been prepared using unaudited data and valuations of the underlying investments in our portfolio, which are estimates of fair value and form the basis for our NAV. Valuations based upon unaudited or estimated reports from the underlying investments may be subject to later adjustments or revisions, may not correspond to realized value and may not accurately reflect the price at which assets could be liquidated on any given day.

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(2)

The inception date for Class I shares and Class T shares was November 1, 2017, which is when shares of our common stock were first issued to third-party investors in our initial public offering. The inception date for Class D shares was July 2, 2018, which is when Class D shares of common stock were first issued to third-party investors.

(3)

The Total Returns presented are based on the actual NAVs at which stockholders transacted, calculated pursuant to our valuation procedures. With respect to the “Class T Share Total Return (with Sales Charge),” the Total Returns are calculated assuming the stockholder also paid the maximum upfront selling commission, dealer manager fee and ongoing distribution fees in effect during the time period indicated. With respect to “Class T Share Total Return (without Sales Charge),” the Total Returns are calculated assuming the stockholder did not pay any upfront selling commission or dealer manager fee, but did pay the maximum ongoing distribution fees in effect during the time period indicated. From NAV inception to January 31, 2020, these NAVs reflected mark-to-market adjustments on our borrowing-related debt instruments and our borrowing-related interest rate hedge positions.

(4)

The Adjusted Total Returns presented are based on adjusted NAVs calculated as if we had continued to mark our borrowing-related hedge and debt instruments to market following a policy change to largely exclude borrowing-related interest rate hedge and debt marks to market from our NAV calculations (except in certain circumstances pursuant to our valuation procedures), beginning with our NAV calculated as of February 29, 2020. Therefore, the NAVs used in the calculation of Adjusted Total Returns were calculated in the same manner as the NAVs used in the calculation of the unadjusted total return for periods through January 31, 2020. The Adjusted Total Returns include the incremental impact of the adjusted NAVs on advisory fees and performance fees; however, they do not include the incremental impact that the adjusted NAVs would have had on any expense support from our Advisor, or the prices at which shares were purchased in our public offerings or pursuant to our share redemption program. For calculation purposes, transactions in our common stock were assumed to occur at the adjusted NAVs.

Trends Affecting Our Business

Our results of operations are affected by a variety of factors, including conditions in both the U.S. and global financial markets and the economic and political environments.

The commercial real estate markets continued to be impacted by the challenging macroeconomic environment, including continued high inflation and interest rates and geopolitical uncertainty. In addition, during the first quarter of 2023, several financial institutions in the U.S. and abroad sustained liquidity problems resulting in volatility in the financial markets and concerns with respect to liquidity, in particular across regional banks. Given the current macroeconomic environment, property valuations adjusted downwards, with capitalization rate compressions waning and yields widening. Periods of excessive or prolonged inflation and rising interest rates may negatively impact our customers’ businesses, resulting in increased vacancy, concessions or bad debt expense, which may adversely and materially affect our net operating income and NAV.

We believe some of these market trends may be offset by the continued strong fundamentals in the industrial sector. We believe our portfolio is well-positioned for this market environment. Industrial market fundamentals remain favorable, supported by strong rent growth, low vacancy rates and demand generally outpacing supply. However, there is no guarantee that our outlook will remain positive for the long-term, especially if leasing fundamentals weaken in the future.

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Summary of 2023 Activities

During the three months ended March 31, 2023, we completed the following activities:

●

Our NAV decreased to $14.99 per share as of March 31, 2023 from $15.26 per share as of December 31, 2022. See “Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis—Performance” above for additional information regarding this decrease.

●

We raised $103.8 million of gross equity capital from our public offerings. Additionally, we raised $110.9 million of gross capital through private placement offerings by selling DST Interests, $13.7 million of which were financed by DST Program Loans, net of repayments. We redeemed 8.9 million shares for an aggregate dollar amount of $135.0 million.

●

We leased approximately 3.1 million square feet, which included 1.1 million square feet of new and future leases and 2.0 million square feet of renewals through 20 separate transactions with an average annual base rent of $9.31 per square foot, representing rent growth of 84% on comparable leases, calculated using cash basis rental rates (92% when calculated on a GAAP basis).

●

As of March 31, 2023, we owned nine buildings under construction totaling approximately 2.9 million square feet, and two buildings in the pre-construction phase for an additional 0.2 million square feet.

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Portfolio Information

Our owned and managed portfolio was as follows:


	As of
(square feet in thousands)	March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022		March 31, 2022
Portfolio data:
Total buildings	244		243		202
Total rentable square feet	50,684		50,229		39,288
Total number of customers	423		418		354
Percent occupied of operating portfolio (1)	98.5	%	99.0	%	98.3	%
Percent occupied of total portfolio (1)	97.5	%	98.1	%	97.3	%
Percent leased of operating portfolio (1)	98.8	%	99.1	%	99.6	%
Percent leased of total portfolio (1)	98.4	%	98.9	%	99.0	%

(1)	See “Overview—General” above for a description of our operating portfolio and our total portfolio (which includes our operating and value-add portfolios) and for a description of the occupied and leased rates.

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Results for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 Compared to Prior Periods

The following table sets forth information regarding our consolidated results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2023 as compared to the three months ended December 31, 2022 and the three months ended March 31, 2022:


	For the Three Months Ended									For the Three Months Ended
(in thousands, except per share data)	March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022		Change		% Change			March 31, 2023		March 31, 2022		Change		% Change
Revenues:
Rental revenues	$	111,576	$	108,938	$	2,638		2.4	%	$	111,576	$	81,558	$	30,018		36.8	%
Debt-related income		1,068		420		648		NM			1,068		—		1,068		NM
Total revenues		112,644		109,358		3,286		3.0	%		112,644		81,558		31,086		38.1	%
Operating expenses:
Rental expenses		27,178		25,483		1,695		6.7	%		27,178		20,688		6,490		31.4	%
Real estate-related depreciation and amortization		72,331		73,366		(1,035)		(1.4)	%		72,331		55,745		16,586		29.8	%
General and administrative expenses		4,127		3,230		897		27.8	%		4,127		3,114		1,013		32.5	%
Advisory fees		19,254		19,067		187		1.0	%		19,254		13,616		5,638		41.4	%
Performance participation allocation		—		4,025		(4,025)		(100.0)	%		—		83,300		(83,300)		(100.0)	%
Acquisition costs and reimbursements		8,319		249		8,070		NM			8,319		1,204		7,115		NM
Total operating expenses		131,209		125,420		5,789		4.6	%		131,209		177,667		(46,458)		(26.1)	%
Other (income) expenses:
Equity in loss (income) from unconsolidated joint venture partnership(s)		76		64		12		18.8	%		76		(111)		187		NM
Interest expense		48,464		49,374		(910)		(1.8)	%		48,464		22,467		25,997		NM
Loss (gain) on derivative instruments		1,584		(2,479)		4,063		NM			1,584		(10,902)		12,486		NM
Other income and expenses		(2,214)		(2,050)		(164)		(8.0)	%		(2,214)		(274)		(1,940)		NM
Total other (income) expenses		47,910		44,909		3,001		6.7	%		47,910		11,180		36,730		NM
Net loss		(66,475)		(60,971)		(5,504)		(9.0)	%		(66,475)		(107,289)		40,814		38.0	%
Net loss attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests		1,672		932		740		79.4	%		1,672		1,768		(96)		(5.4)	%
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests		(9)		(10)		1		10.0	%		(9)		(9)		—		—	%
Net loss attributable to common stockholders	$	(64,812)	$	(60,049)	$	(4,763)		(7.9)	%	$	(64,812)	$	(105,530)	$	40,718		38.6	%
Weighted-average shares outstanding—basic		313,491		314,388		(897)		(0.3)	%		313,491		270,466		43,025		15.9	%
Weighted-average shares outstanding—diluted		321,582		318,921		2,661		0.8	%		321,582		274,998		46,584		16.9	%
Net loss per common share - basic and diluted	$	(0.21)	$	(0.19)	$	(0.02)		(10.5)	%	$	(0.21)	$	(0.39)	$	0.18		46.2	%

NM = Not meaningful

Rental Revenues. Rental revenues are comprised of rental income, straight-line rent, and amortization of above- and below-market lease assets and liabilities. Total rental revenues increased by $2.6 million, or 2.4%, for the three months ended March 31, 2023, as compared to the previous quarter, primarily due to leasing activity for the three months ended March 31, 2023, and the associated rent growth on comparable leases, which averaged 92%, calculated using GAAP basis rental rates. Total rental revenues increased by $30.0 million, or 36.8%, for the three months ended March 31, 2023, as compared to the same period in 2022, primarily due to the increase in non-same store revenues resulting from the growth in our portfolio. See “Same Store Portfolio Results of Operations” below for further details of the same store revenues.

Rental Expenses. Rental expenses include certain property operating expenses typically reimbursed by our customers, such as real estate taxes, property insurance, property management fees, repair and maintenance, and utilities. Total rental expenses increased by $1.7 million, or 6.7%, for the three months ended March 31, 2023, as compared to the previous quarter, primarily due to the increase in recoverable property taxes. Total rental expenses increased by $6.5 million, or 31.4%, for the three months ended March 31, 2023, as compared to the same period in 2022, primarily due to the increase in non-same store expenses resulting from the growth in our portfolio. See “Same Store Portfolio Results of Operations” below for further details of the same store expenses.

All Remaining Income and Expenses. In aggregate, the remaining income and expenses increased by $6.4 million, or 4.5%, for the three months ended March 31, 2023, as compared to the previous quarter, primarily due to the following:

●

an increase in acquisition costs and reimbursements of $8.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, as compared to the previous period, primarily due to a deposit in the amount of $7.7 million that was forfeited in the first quarter of 2023 when the associated real estate acquisition did not close; and

●

a $1.6 million loss on derivative instruments for the three months ended March 31, 2023, as compared to a $2.5 million gain on derivative instruments for the previous period, related to the decreased fair value of our interest rate caps not designated as cash flow hedges due to the market expectation of future interest rate decreases.

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Partially offset by:

●

a decrease in the performance participation allocation of $4.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, as compared to the previous period, as the requisite performance hurdle was met in 2022 and performance participation allocation expense was then recognized, while the performance hurdle was not met during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and no performance participation allocation expense was recognized.

In aggregate, the remaining income and expenses decreased by $17.3 million, or 10.3%, for the three months ended March 31, 2023, as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2022, primarily due to the following:

●

a decrease in the performance participation allocation of $83.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, as compared to the same period of the previous year, as the requisite performance hurdle was met in the first quarter of 2022 and performance participation allocation expense was then recognized, while the performance hurdle was not met during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and no performance participation allocation expense was recognized.

Partially offset by:

●

an increase in interest expense of $26.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, as compared to the same period of the previous year, primarily due to (i) an $18.3 million increase in line of credit, mortgage note and term loan interest (including the effects of interest rate swap agreements) related to increased borrowings during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and increased interest rates on certain variable rate debt; (ii) an $8.2 million increase of master lease payments recorded as interest expense associated with our DST Program; and (iii) $2.4 million increase of the accretion of the increased value of our financing obligations as a result of increases in the underlying fair value of the properties included in the DST Program;

●

a $16.6 million increase in real estate-related depreciation and amortization for the three months ended March 31, 2023, as compared to the same period of the previous year, as a result of the growth of our portfolio;

●

a $1.6 million loss on derivative instruments for the three months ended March 31, 2023, as compared a $10.9 million gain on derivative instruments for the same period of the previous year, related to the decreased fair value of our interest rate caps not designated as cash flow hedges due to the market expectation of future interest rate decreases;

●

a $7.1 million increase in acquisition costs and reimbursements for the three months ended March 31, 2023, as compared to the same period of the previous year, primarily due to the forfeited deposit described above; and

●

a $5.6 million increase in the fixed component of the advisory fee for the three months ended March 31, 2023, as compared to the same period of the previous year, due to the NAV growth primarily driven by the increase in the value of our properties since the same period of the previous year, gross proceeds of $103.8 million raised from our public offering and $110.9 million of DST Interests sold for the three months ended March 31, 2023.

Same Store Portfolio Results of Operations

Net operating income (“NOI”) is a supplemental non-GAAP measure of our property operating results. We define NOI as operating revenues less operating expenses. While we believe our net income (loss), as defined by GAAP, to be the most appropriate measure to evaluate our overall performance, we consider NOI to be an appropriate supplemental performance measure. We believe NOI provides useful information to our investors regarding our results of operations because NOI reflects the operating performance of our properties and excludes certain items that are not considered to be controllable in connection with the management of properties, such as real estate-related depreciation and amortization, acquisition-related expenses, advisory fees, impairment charges, general and administrative expenses, interest expense, other income and expense and noncontrolling interests. However, NOI should not be viewed as an alternative measure of our financial performance since it excludes such items, which could materially impact our results of operations. Further, our NOI may not be comparable to that of other real estate companies as they may use different methodologies for calculating NOI, therefore our investors should consider net income (loss) as the primary indicator of our overall financial performance.

We evaluate the performance of consolidated operating properties we own and manage using a same store analysis because the population of properties in this analysis is consistent from period to period, thereby eliminating the effects of any material changes in the composition of the aggregate portfolio on performance measures. We have defined the same store portfolio to include consolidated operating properties owned for the entirety of both the current and prior reporting periods for which the operations had been stabilized.

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Unconsolidated properties are excluded from the same store portfolio because we account for our interest in our joint venture partnership using the equity method of accounting; therefore, our proportionate share of income and loss is recognized in income (loss) of our unconsolidated joint venture partnership on the condensed consolidated statements of operations. “Other properties” includes buildings not meeting the same store criteria. Our same store analysis may not be comparable to that of other real estate companies and should not be considered to be more relevant or accurate in evaluating our operating performance than current GAAP methodology.

The same store operating portfolio for the three months ended March 31, 2023 as compared to the three months ended December 31, 2022 presented below included 235 buildings totaling approximately 48.2 million square feet owned as of October 1, 2022, which represented 95.2% of total rentable square feet, 97.2% of total rental revenues, and 97.4% of net operating income for the three months ended March 31, 2023. The same store operating portfolio for the three months ended March 31, 2023 as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2022 presented below included 187 buildings totaling approximately 36.8 million square feet owned as of January 1, 2022, which represented 72.6% of total rentable square feet, 75.4% of total rental revenues, and 75.2% of net operating income for the three months ended March 31, 2023.

The following table reconciles GAAP net income (loss) to same store portfolio NOI for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 and the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022:


	For the Three Months Ended									For the Three Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands)	March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022		Change		% Change			March 31, 2023		March 31, 2022		Change		% Change
Net loss attributable to common stockholders	$	(64,812)	$	(60,049)	$	(4,763)		(7.9)	%	$	(64,812)	$	(105,530)	$	40,718		38.6	%
Debt-related income		(1,068)		(420)		(648)		NM			(1,068)		—		(1,068)		NM
Real estate-related depreciation and amortization		72,331		73,366		(1,035)		(1.4)	%		72,331		55,745		16,586		29.8	%
General and administrative expenses		4,127		3,230		897		27.8	%		4,127		3,114		1,013		32.5	%
Advisory fees		19,254		19,067		187		1.0	%		19,254		13,616		5,638		41.4	%
Performance participation allocation		—		4,025		(4,025)		(100.0)	%		—		83,300		(83,300)		(100.0)	%
Acquisition costs and reimbursements		8,319		249		8,070		NM			8,319		1,204		7,115		NM
Equity in loss (income) from unconsolidated joint venture partnership(s)		76		64		12		18.8	%		76		(111)		187		NM
Interest expense		48,464		49,374		(910)		(1.8)	%		48,464		22,467		25,997		NM
Loss (gain) on derivative instruments		1,584		(2,479)		4,063		NM			1,584		(10,902)		12,486		NM
Other income and expenses		(2,214)		(2,050)		(164)		(8.0)	%		(2,214)		(274)		(1,940)		NM
Net loss attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests		(1,672)		(932)		(740)		(79.4)	%		(1,672)		(1,768)		96		5.4	%
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests		9		10		(1)		(10.0)	%		9		9		—		—	%
Net operating income	$	84,398	$	83,455	$	943		1.1	%	$	84,398	$	60,870	$	23,528		38.7	%
Less: Non-same store NOI		2,228		1,752		476		27.2	%		20,923		1,723		19,200		NM
Same store NOI	$	82,170	$	81,703	$	467		0.6	%	$	63,475	$	59,147	$	4,328		7.3	%

The following table includes a breakout of our results for our same store portfolio for rental revenues, rental expenses and NOI for the three months ended March 31, 2023 as compared to the three months ended December 31, 2022, and for the three months ended March 31, 2023 as compared to the same period in 2022:


	For the Three Months Ended									For the Three Months Ended
(in thousands)	March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022		Change		% Change			March 31, 2023		March 31, 2022		Change		% Change
Rental revenues:
Same store operating properties	$	108,462	$	106,608	$	1,854		1.7	%	$	84,132	$	78,310	$	5,822		7.4	%
Other properties		3,114		2,330		784		33.6	%		27,444		3,248		24,196		NM
Total rental revenues		111,576		108,938		2,638		2.4	%		111,576		81,558		30,018		36.8	%
Rental expenses:
Same store operating properties		(26,292)		(24,905)		(1,387)		(5.6)	%		(20,657)		(19,163)		(1,494)		(7.8)	%
Other properties		(886)		(578)		(308)		(53.3)	%		(6,521)		(1,525)		(4,996)		NM
Total rental expenses		(27,178)		(25,483)		(1,695)		(6.7)	%		(27,178)		(20,688)		(6,490)		(31.4)	%
Net operating income:
Same store operating properties		82,170		81,703		467		0.6	%		63,475		59,147		4,328		7.3	%
Other properties		2,228		1,752		476		27.2	%		20,923		1,723		19,200		NM
Total net operating income	$	84,398	$	83,455	$	943		1.1	%		84,398		60,870		23,528		38.7	%

NM = Not meaningful

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Rental Revenues. Non-same store revenues increased by $0.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 as compared to the previous quarter, as a result of rental rate growth and leasing activity. Same store rental revenues increased by $1.9 million, or 1.7%, for the three months ended March 31, 2023 as compared to the previous quarter, primarily due to an increase in rental rates and recovery revenue, partially offset by a small decrease in average occupancy of same store properties.

Non-same store revenues increased by $24.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, as compared to the same period in 2022, primarily due to the addition of 50 industrial buildings that we have acquired since January 1, 2022, as well as six value-add properties that were acquired during 2021 and stabilized during 2022. Same store rental revenues increased by $5.8 million, or 7.4%, for the three months ended March 31, 2023 as compared to the same period in 2022, primarily due to increases in rental rates and average occupancy of same store properties, as well an increase in recovery revenue.

Rental Expenses. Non-same store rental expenses increased by $0.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, as compared to the previous quarter, as a result of leasing activity. Same store rental expenses increased $1.4 million, or 5.6%, for the three months ended March 31, 2023 as compared to the previous quarter, due to an increase in property taxes associated with certain of our properties, partially offset by decreases in certain repair and maintenance expenses.

Non-same store rental expenses increased by $5.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 as compared to the same period in 2022, primarily due to the growth of our portfolio, as described above. Same store rental expenses increased by $1.5 million, or 7.8%, for the three months ended March 31, 2023 as compared to the same period in 2022, primarily due to an increase in property taxes associated with certain of our properties, as well as increases in certain repair and maintenance expenses.

Operating Expense Limitation

Generally, we are prohibited by our charter from incurring total operating expenses which, at the end of the four preceding fiscal quarters exceeds the greater of: (i) 2.0% of our average invested assets, or (ii) 25.0% of our net income determined without reduction for any additions to reserves for depreciation, bad debts or other similar non-cash reserves and excluding any gain from the sale of our assets for that period (the “2%/25% Limitation”). For these purposes, total operating expenses exclude rental expenses, real estate-related depreciation and amortization expense, interest expense, acquisition expenses, taxes and impairments. Our charter requires that we calculate the figures used in determining whether operating expenses have exceeded the 2%/25% Limitation in accordance with GAAP applied on a consistent basis. Notwithstanding the above, we may incur total operating expenses in excess of this limitation if a majority of our independent directors determines that such excess expenses are justified based on unusual and non-recurring factors. Our total operating expenses exceeded the 2%/25% Limitation as of the four fiscal quarters ended March 31, 2023. All of our independent directors determined that the excess expenses were justified based upon a review of unusual and non-recurring factors, including but not limited to: the performance of our portfolio driven by continued demand in the industrial property sector and the resulting growth in our NAV, specifically during the second and third quarters of 2022, and total return generated for the period which drove the increase in our performance participation allocation. Other factors considered include our strong capital raise and the timing of our deployment during the period, and the acquisition of 41 industrial properties since April 1, 2022. The calculation of the performance participation allocation is based in part on our calculation of NAV, which takes into account any increases or decreases in the fair market value of our investments in real estate, meaning that generally, as NAV increases and the corresponding total return generated for stockholders increases, the performance participation allocation increases. However, as noted above, unlike our NAV and the performance participation allocation, the 2%/25% Limitation is calculated in accordance with GAAP and the calculation of net income for purposes of the limitation does not take into account the significant fair market value gains generated by our investments in real estate for the period, resulting in an incongruous comparison between total operating expenses and the 2%/25% Limitation.

ADDITIONAL MEASURES OF PERFORMANCE

Funds From Operations (“FFO”) and Adjusted Funds From Operations (“AFFO”)

We believe that FFO and AFFO, in addition to net income (loss) and cash flows from operating activities as defined by GAAP, are useful supplemental performance measures that our management uses to evaluate our consolidated operating performance. However, these supplemental, non-GAAP measures should not be considered as alternatives to net income (loss) or to cash flows from operating activities as indications of our performance and are not intended to be used as liquidity measures indicative of cash flow available to fund our cash needs, including our ability to make distributions to our stockholders. No single measure can provide users of financial information with sufficient information and only our disclosures read as a whole can be relied upon to adequately portray our financial position, liquidity, and results of operations. In addition, other REITs may define FFO, AFFO, and similar measures differently and choose to treat certain accounting line items in a manner different from us due to specific differences in investment and operating strategy or for other reasons.

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FFO. As defined by the National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts (“NAREIT”), FFO is a non-GAAP measure that excludes certain items such as real estate-related depreciation and amortization. We believe FFO is a meaningful supplemental measure of our operating performance that is useful to investors because depreciation and amortization in accordance with GAAP implicitly assumes that the value of real estate assets diminishes predictably over time. We use FFO as an indication of our consolidated operating performance and as a guide to making decisions about future investments.

AFFO. AFFO further adjusts FFO to reflect the performance of our portfolio by adjusting for items we believe are not directly attributable to our operations. Our adjustments to FFO to arrive at AFFO include removing the impact of (i) performance-based incentive fee (income) expense, (ii) unrealized (gain) loss from changes in fair value of financial instruments, (iii) financing obligation liability appreciation (depreciation), and (iv) forfeited investment deposits.

Although some REITs may present certain performance measures differently, we believe FFO and AFFO generally facilitate a comparison to other REITs that have similar operating characteristics to us. We believe investors are best served if the information that is made available to them allows them to align their analyses and evaluation with the same performance metrics used by management in planning and executing our business strategy. Neither the SEC, NAREIT, nor any regulatory body has passed judgment on the acceptability of the adjustments used to calculate AFFO. In the future, the SEC, NAREIT, or a regulatory body may decide to standardize the allowable adjustments across the non-traded REIT industry at which point we may adjust our calculations and characterizations of AFFO.

The following unaudited table presents a reconciliation of GAAP net income (loss) to NAREIT FFO and AFFO:




	For the Three Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands, except per share data)	2023		2022
GAAP net loss	$	(66,475)	$	(107,289)
Weighted-average shares outstanding—diluted		321,582		274,998
GAAP net loss per common share—diluted	$	(0.21)		(0.39)
Adjustments to arrive at FFO:
Real estate-related depreciation and amortization		72,331		55,745
Our share of adjustment above from unconsolidated joint venture partnerships		—		371
NAREIT FFO	$	5,856	$	(51,173)
NAREIT FFO per common share—diluted	$	0.02	$	(0.19)
Adjustments to arrive at AFFO:
Performance-based incentive fee (income) expense, net		—		83,300
Unrealized loss (gain) on derivative instruments (1)		5,480		(10,902)
Financing obligation liability appreciation		4,734		2,327
Forfeited investment deposit		7,689		—
AFFO	$	23,759	$	23,552

(1)	Unrealized loss (gain) on changes in fair value of financial instruments relates to mark-to-market changes on our derivatives not designated as cash flow hedges.

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

Liquidity

Our primary sources of capital for meeting our cash requirements are net proceeds from our public and private offerings, including proceeds from the sale of shares offered through our distribution reinvestment plan, debt financings, and cash generated from operating activities. Our principal uses of funds are, and will be, for the acquisition of properties and other investments, capital expenditures, operating expenses, payments under our debt obligations, distributions to our stockholders, redemption payments and payments pursuant to the master lease agreements related to the properties in our DST Program. Over time, we intend to fund a majority of our cash needs for items other than asset acquisitions, including the repayment of debt and capital expenditures, from operating cash flows and refinancings. Our primary material cash requirements for the next 12 months relate to our indebtedness and future minimum lease payments associated with our DST Program. As of March 31, 2023, we had outstanding line of credit, term loan and mortgage note borrowings with varying maturities for an aggregate principal amount of $3.0 billion, with no principal amounts payable within the next 12 months. Additionally, given the increase in market volatility, increased interest rates, high inflation and the potential recessionary environment, we may experience a decreased pace of net proceeds raised from our public offering, reducing our ability to purchase assets, which may similarly delay the returns generated from our investments and affect NAV. There may be a

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delay between the deployment of proceeds raised from our public and private offerings and our purchase of assets, which could result in a delay in the benefits to our stockholders, if any, of returns generated from our investments.

During the three months ended March 31, 2023, we raised $103.8 million of gross equity capital from our public offering and redemptions of common stock amounted to $135.0 million. As of March 31, 2023, we had cash and cash equivalents of $46.4 million and leverage of 32.4%, calculated as our total borrowings outstanding less cash and cash equivalents, divided by the fair value of our real property plus our investment in our unconsolidated joint venture partnership and investments in real estate-related securities, as determined in accordance with our valuation procedures. See “—Capital Resources and Uses of Liquidity—Offering Proceeds” for further information concerning capital raised thus far in 2023. As of March 31, 2023, we owned and managed a real estate portfolio that included 244 industrial buildings totaling approximately 50.7 million square feet, with a diverse roster of 423 customers, large and small, spanning a multitude of industries and sectors across 29 markets, with a strategic weighting towards top tier markets where we have historically seen the lowest volatility combined with positive returns over time. Our portfolio was 97.5% occupied (98.4% leased) with a weighted-average remaining lease term (based on square feet) of 4.2 years.

The Advisor, subject to the oversight of our board of directors and, under certain circumstances, the investment committee or other committees established by our board of directors, will continue to evaluate potential acquisitions and will engage in negotiations with sellers and lenders on our behalf. Pending investment in property, debt and other investments, we may decide to temporarily invest any unused proceeds from our public offerings in certain investments that are expected to yield lower returns than those earned on real estate assets. During these times of economic uncertainty, we have seen and could once again see a slowdown in transaction volume, which would adversely impact our ability to acquire real estate assets, which would cause us to retain more lower yielding investments and hold them for longer periods of time while we seek to acquire additional real estate assets. These lower returns may affect our NAV and our ability to make distributions to our stockholders. Potential future sources of capital include proceeds from secured or unsecured financings from banks or other lenders, proceeds from the sale of assets, and undistributed funds from operations.

We believe that our cash on-hand, anticipated net offering proceeds, and anticipated financing activities will be sufficient to meet our liquidity needs for the foreseeable future over the next 12 months and beyond.

Cash Flows. The following table summarizes our cash flows, as determined on a GAAP basis, for the following periods:


	For the Three Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands)	2023		2022		Change
Total cash provided by (used in):
Operating activities	$	(60,202)	$	26,734	$	(86,936)
Investing activities		(104,007)		(347,866)		243,859
Financing activities		131,120		381,692		(250,572)
Net (decrease) increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	$	(33,089)	$	60,560	$	(93,649)

Cash flows from operating activities during the three months ended March 31, 2023 decreased by approximately $86.9 million as compared to the same period in 2022, primarily as a result of (i) the partial cash settlement of the 2022 performance participation allocation owed in the amount of $77.8 million; (ii) a $18.3 million increase in interest expense related to increased borrowings, the effect of increased interest rates on certain variable rate debt, and the $8.2 million increase in master lease payments related to the DST Program, which is recorded as interest expense.

Cash used in investing activities during the three months ended March 31, 2023 decreased by approximately $243.9 million as compared to the same period in 2022, primarily due to (i) a net decrease in acquisition activity of $253.3 million, which was primarily driven by the BTC II Partnership Transaction, which closed in the first quarter of 2022; and (ii) a decrease in the contributions made to our joint venture partnerships of $8.3 million, partially offset by a net increase in capital expenditure activity of $18.4 million related to increased development activity during the three months ended March 31, 2023.

Cash provided by financing activities during the three months ended March 31, 2023 decreased by approximately $250.6 million as compared to the same period in 2022, primarily driven by (i) the $150.8 million decrease in capital raised through our public offering, net of offering costs paid; (ii) the $126.4 million increase in redemptions of our common stock; and (iii) a decrease in net proceeds from financing obligations associated with the DST Program of $48.5 million; partially offset by (i) a $39.2 million increase in net borrowings under our line of credit and term loan; and (ii) a decrease related to $40.9 million Class I OP Units that were redeemed in the first quarter of 2022, while no OP Units were redeemed in the three months ended March 31, 2023.

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Capital Resources and Uses of Liquidity

In addition to our cash and cash equivalents balance available, our capital resources and uses of liquidity are as follows:

Line of Credit and Term Loans. As of March 31, 2023, we had an aggregate $2.2 billion of commitments under our credit agreements, including $1.0 billion under our line of credit and $1.2 billion under our two term loans. As of that date, we had $210.0 million outstanding under our line of credit with an effective interest rate of 6.15%. Additionally, as of March 31, 2023, we had $1.2 billion outstanding under our term loans with an effective interest rate of 3.16%, which includes the effect of the interest rate swap agreements and an interest rate cap agreement. The unused and available portions under our line of credit were both $790.0 million as of March 31, 2023. Our $1.0 billion line of credit matures in March 2025 and may be extended pursuant to two one-year extension options, subject to continuing compliance with certain financial covenants and other customary conditions. Our $550.0 million term loan matures in March 2027 and our $600.0 million term loan matures in May 2026. Our line of credit and term loan borrowings are available for general corporate purposes including, but not limited to, the acquisition and operation of permitted investments by us. Refer to “Note 6 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements” for additional information regarding our line of credit and term loans.

Mortgage Notes. As of March 31, 2023, we had property-level borrowings of approximately $1.6 billion of principal outstanding with a weighted-average remaining term of 3.3 years. These borrowings are secured by mortgages or deeds of trust and related assignments and security interests in the collateralized properties, and had a weighted-average interest rate of 3.63%. Refer to “Note 6 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements” for additional information regarding the mortgage notes.

As of March 31, 2023, we have no indebtedness with initial or extended maturity dates beyond 2023 that has exposure to LIBOR. Refer to “Note 6 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements” for additional information regarding interest rates.

Debt Covenants. Our line of credit, term loan and mortgage note agreements contain various property-level covenants, including customary affirmative and negative covenants. In addition, the agreements governing our line of credit and term loans contain certain corporate level financial covenants, including leverage ratio, fixed charge coverage ratio, and tangible net worth thresholds. These covenants may limit our ability to incur additional debt, to make borrowings under our line of credit, or to pay distributions. We were in compliance with all of our debt covenants as of March 31, 2023.

Leverage. We use financial leverage to provide additional funds to support our investment activities. We may finance a portion of the purchase price of any real estate asset that we acquired with borrowings on short or long-term basis from banks, institutional investors and other lenders. We calculate our leverage for reporting purposes as the outstanding principal balance of our borrowings less cash and cash equivalents divided by the fair value of our real property plus our investment in our unconsolidated joint venture partnership and investments in real estate-related securities, as determined in accordance with our valuation procedures. We had leverage of 32.4% as of March 31, 2023. Our management believes our strong equity raise and the timing of our deployment of capital accounts for our lower leverage as of March 31, 2023 and expects that as we deploy capital going forward, our leverage will near approximately 50%. Due to the recent increase in interest rates, increased market volatility, and the potential of a global recession in the near-term, the cost of financing or refinancing our purchase of assets may affect returns generated by our investments. Additionally, these factors may cause our borrowing capacity to be reduced, which could similarly delay or reduce benefits to our stockholders.

Future Minimum Lease Payments Related to the DST Program. As of March 31, 2023, we had $1.2 billion of future minimum lease payments related to the DST Program. The underlying interests of each property that is sold to investors pursuant to the DST Program are leased back by an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of the Operating Partnership on a long-term basis of up to 29 years.

Offering Proceeds. For the three months ended March 31, 2023, aggregate gross proceeds raised from our public offering, including proceeds raised through our distribution reinvestment plan, were $103.8 million ($100.8 million net of direct selling costs).

Distributions. We intend to continue to accrue and make distributions on a regular basis. For the three months ended March 31, 2023, no portion of our total gross distributions were paid from cash flows from operating activities, as determined on a GAAP basis, and 100.0% of our total gross distributions were funded from sources other than cash flows from operating activities, as determined on a GAAP basis; specifically, 47.1% were funded with proceeds from shares issued pursuant to our distribution reinvestment plan and 52.9% were funded with proceeds from financing activities. Some or all of our future distributions may be paid from sources other than cash flows from operating activities, such as cash flows from financing activities, which include borrowings (including borrowings secured by our assets), proceeds from the issuance of shares pursuant to our distribution reinvestment plan, proceeds from sales of assets, interest income from our cash balances, and the net proceeds from primary shares sold in our public offerings. We have not established a cap on the amount of our distributions that may be paid from any of these sources. The amount of any distributions will be determined by our board of directors, and will depend on, among other things, current and projected cash requirements, tax

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considerations and other factors deemed relevant by our board.

For the second quarter of 2023, our board of directors authorized monthly distributions to all common stockholders of record as of the close of business on the last business day of each month for the second quarter of 2023, or April 28, 2023, May 31, 2023 and June 30, 2023 (each a “Distribution Record Date”). The distributions were authorized at a quarterly rate of (i) $0.13625 per Class I share of common stock and (ii) $0.13625 per Class T share and per Class D share of common stock, less the respective annual distribution fees that are payable monthly with respect to such Class T shares and Class D shares. This quarterly rate is equal to a monthly rate of (i) $0.04542 per Class I share of common stock and (ii) $0.04542 per Class T share and per Class D share of common stock, less the respective annual distribution fees that are payable with respect to such Class T shares and Class D shares. Distributions for each month of the second quarter of 2023 have been or will be paid in cash or reinvested in shares of our common stock for those electing to participate in our distribution reinvestment plan following the close of business on the respective Distribution Record Date applicable to such monthly distributions.

There can be no assurances that the current distribution rate or amount per share will be maintained. In the near-term, we expect that we may need to continue to rely on sources other than cash flows from operations, as determined on a GAAP basis, to pay distributions, which if insufficient could negatively impact our ability to pay such distributions. In certain years and certain individual quarters, total distributions were not fully funded by cash flows from operations. In such cases, the shortfalls were funded from proceeds from our distribution reinvestment plan (“DRIP”) or borrowings.

The following table outlines sources used, as determined on a GAAP basis, to pay total gross distributions (which are paid in cash or reinvested in shares of our common stock through our distribution reinvestment plan) for the quarters ended as of the dates indicated below:


	For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2023				For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2022
($ in thousands)	Amount		Percentage		Amount		Percentage
Distributions
Paid in cash (1)(2)	$	23,202	52.9	%	$	19,338	51.6	%
Reinvested in shares		20,648	47.1			18,158	48.4
Total	$	43,850	100.0	%	$	37,496	100.0	%
Sources of Distributions
Cash flows from operating activities (2)	$	—	—	%	$	19,338	51.6	%
Borrowings		23,202	52.9			—	—
DRIP (3)		20,648	47.1			18,158	48.4
Total	$	43,850	100.0	%	$	37,496	100.0	%

(1)	Includes distribution fees relating to Class T shares and Class D shares issued in the primary portion of our public offerings. See “Note 11 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements” for further detail regarding the ongoing distribution fees.

(2)	Includes distributions paid to holders of OP Units for redeemable noncontrolling interests.

(3)	Stockholders may elect to have their distributions reinvested in shares of our common stock through our distribution reinvestment plan.

For the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, our NAREIT FFO was $5.9 million and $(51.2) million, respectively, compared to total gross distributions of $43.9 million and $37.5 million, respectively. FFO is a non-GAAP operating metric and should not be used as a liquidity measure. However, management believes the relationship between FFO and distributions may be meaningful for investors to better understand the sustainability of our operating performance compared to distributions made. Refer to “Additional Measures of Performance” above for the definition of FFO, as well as a detailed reconciliation of our GAAP net income (loss) to FFO.

Refer to “Note 9 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements” for further detail on our distributions.

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Redemptions. Below is a summary of redemptions pursuant to our share redemption program for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022. All eligible redemption requests were fulfilled for the periods presented. Our board of directors may modify or suspend our current share redemption program if it deems such action to be in the best interest of our stockholders. See Part II, Item 2. “Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds—Share Redemption Program,” for detail regarding our share redemption program.


	For the Three Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands, except per share data)	2023		2022
Number of eligible shares redeemed		8,859		683
Aggregate dollar amount of shares redeemed	$	134,988	$	8,588
Average redemption price per share	$	15.24	$	12.57

We experienced aggregate positive net inflows during the first quarter ended March 31, 2023, from the proceeds of our capital raising efforts, including the sale of DST Interests in the DST Program. When measuring capital inflows for these purposes (and aggregating them for quarter-to-date purposes), proceeds from new subscriptions in a month are included on the first day of the next month because that is the first day on which such stockholders have rights in the Company. New subscriptions for DST Interests in our DST Program are included in the month in which they close. We record DST Interests as financing obligation liabilities for accounting purposes. If and when we exercise our option to reacquire a DST Property by issuing OP Units in exchange for DST Interests, we extinguish the financing obligation liability and record the issuance of the OP Units as an issuance of equity. When measuring monthly capital outflows for these purposes (and aggregating them for quarter-to-date purposes), both share and OP unit redemption requests received in a month are included on the last day of such month because that is the last day the shareholders or unitholders, respectively, have rights in the Company. We record these redemptions in our financial statements as having occurred on the first day of the next month following receipt of the redemption request because shares redeemed in a given month are considered outstanding through the last day of the month. Although our quarterly aggregate net flows may be positive, any given month or component may be negative.

SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

See “Note 15 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements” for information regarding subsequent events.

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES

Our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with GAAP and in conjunction with the rules and regulations of the SEC. The preparation of our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements requires significant management judgments, assumptions, and estimates about matters that are inherently uncertain. These judgments affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and our disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the dates of the condensed consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting periods. With different estimates or assumptions, materially different amounts could be reported in our condensed consolidated financial statements. Additionally, other companies may utilize different estimates that may impact the comparability of our results of operations to those of companies in similar businesses. For a detailed description of our critical accounting estimates, see Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in our 2022 Form 10-K. As of March 31, 2023, our critical accounting estimates have not changed from those described in our 2022 Form 10-K.

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ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

Interest Rate Risk

We have and may continue to be exposed to the impact of interest rate changes. Our interest rate risk management objectives are to limit the impact of interest rate changes on earnings and cash flows, and optimize overall borrowing costs. To achieve these objectives, we plan to borrow on a fixed interest rate basis for longer-term debt and utilize interest rate swap and cap agreements on certain variable interest rate debt in order to limit the effects of changes in interest rates on our results of operations. As of March 31, 2023, our consolidated debt outstanding consisted of borrowings under our line of credit, term loans and mortgage notes.

Fixed Interest Rate Debt. As of March 31, 2023, our fixed interest rate debt consisted of $550.0 million under our $550.0 million term loan and $525.0 million of commitments under our $600.0 million term loan, which were effectively fixed through the use of interest swap agreements, and $996.7 million of principal borrowings under five of our mortgage notes. In total, our fixed rate debt represented approximately 69.7% of our total consolidated debt as of March 31, 2023. The impact of interest rate fluctuations on our consolidated fixed interest rate debt will generally not affect our future earnings or cash flows unless such borrowings mature, are otherwise terminated or payments are made on the principal balance. However, interest rate changes could affect the fair value of our fixed interest rate debt. As of March 31, 2023, the fair value and the carrying value of our consolidated fixed interest rate debt, excluding the values of hedges, were $1.99 billion and $2.07 billion, respectively. The fair value estimate of our fixed interest rate debt was estimated using a discounted cash flow analysis utilizing rates we would expect to pay for debt of a similar type and remaining maturity if the loans were originated on March 31, 2023. Given we generally expect to hold our fixed interest rate debt to maturity or until such debt instruments otherwise open up for prepayment at par, and the amounts due under such debt instruments should be limited to the outstanding principal balance and any accrued and unpaid interest at such time, we do not expect that any resulting change in fair value of our fixed interest rate debt due to market fluctuations in interest rates would have a significant impact on our operating cash flows.

Variable Interest Rate Debt. As of March 31, 2023, our consolidated variable interest rate debt consisted of $210.0 million under our line of credit, $75.0 million under our $600.0 million term loan, and $617.3 million under two of our mortgage notes, which represented 30.3% of our total consolidated debt. Interest rate changes on the variable portion of our consolidated variable-rate debt could impact our future earnings and cash flows, but would not significantly affect the fair value of such debt. As of March 31, 2023, we were exposed to market risks related to fluctuations in interest rates on $902.3 million of consolidated borrowings; however, $653.0 million of these borrowings are capped through the use of three interest rate cap agreements. A hypothetical 25 basis points increase in the all-in interest rate on the outstanding balance of our consolidated variable interest rate debt as of March 31, 2023, would increase our annual interest expense by approximately $0.6 million, including the effects of our interest rate cap agreements.

Derivative Instruments. As of March 31, 2023, we had 20 outstanding derivative instruments with a total notional amount of $2.1 billion. These derivative instruments were comprised of interest rate swaps and interest rate caps that were designed to mitigate the risk of future interest rate increases by either providing a fixed interest rate or capping the variable interest rate for a limited, pre-determined period of time. See “Note 6 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements” for further detail on our derivative instruments. We are exposed to credit risk of the counterparty to our interest rate cap and swap agreements in the event of non-performance under the terms of the agreements. If we were not able to replace these caps or swaps in the event of non-performance by the counterparty, we would be subject to variability of the interest rate on the amount outstanding under our debt that is fixed or capped through the use of the swaps or caps, respectively.

ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Under the direction of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, we evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)) as of March 31, 2023. Based on this evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that, as of March 31, 2023, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective.

Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

There have not been any changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the three months ended March 31, 2023 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

In addition to the other information set forth in this report, you should carefully consider the risk factors discussed in Part I, Item 1A, “Risk Factors” of our 2022 Form 10-K, which could materially affect our business, financial condition, and/or future results. The risks described in our 2022 Form 10-K are not the only risks facing us. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently deem to be immaterial also may materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, and/or operating results. There have been no material changes to the risk factors disclosed in our 2022 Form 10-K.

ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

Share Redemption Program

We expect that there will be no regular secondary trading market for shares of our common stock. While our stockholders should view their investment as long term with limited liquidity, we have adopted a share redemption program applicable to all shares of our common stock, whereby stockholders may receive the benefit of limited liquidity by presenting for redemption to us all or any portion of those shares in accordance with the procedures and subject to certain conditions and limitations. All references herein to classes of shares of our common stock do not include the OP Units issued by our Operating Partnership, unless the context otherwise requires.

While stockholders may request on a monthly basis that we redeem all or any portion of their shares pursuant to our share redemption program, we are not obligated to redeem any shares and may choose to redeem only some, or even none, of the shares that have been requested to be redeemed in any particular month, in our discretion. In addition, our ability to fulfill redemption requests is subject to a number of limitations. As a result, share redemptions may not be available each month. Under our share redemption program, to the extent we determine to redeem shares in any particular month, we will only redeem shares as of the last calendar day of that month (each such date, a “Redemption Date”). Redemptions will be made at the transaction price in effect on the Redemption Date, except that shares that have not been outstanding for at least one year will be redeemed at 95% of the transaction price. The Early Redemption Deduction may be waived in certain circumstances including: (i) in the case of redemption requests arising from the death or qualified disability of the holder; (ii) in the event that a stockholder’s shares are redeemed because the stockholder has failed to maintain the $2,000 minimum account balance; or (iii) with respect to shares purchased through our distribution reinvestment plan or received from us as a stock dividend. In addition, shares of our common stock acquired through the redemption of OP Units will not be subject to the Early Redemption Deduction. To have your shares redeemed, your redemption request and required documentation must be received in good order by 4:00 p.m. (Eastern time) on the second to last business day of the applicable month. Settlements of share redemptions will be made within three business days of the Redemption Date. An investor may withdraw its redemption request by notifying the transfer agent before 4:00 p.m. (Eastern time) on the last business day of the applicable month.

Under our share redemption program, we may redeem during any calendar month shares whose aggregate value (based on the price at which the shares are redeemed) is 2.0% of our aggregate NAV as of the last calendar day of the previous quarter and during any calendar quarter whose aggregate value (based on the price at which the shares are redeemed) is up to 5.0% of our aggregate NAV as of the last calendar day of the prior calendar quarter.

Provided that the share redemption program has been operating and not suspended for the first month of a given quarter and that all properly submitted redemption requests were satisfied, any unused capacity for that month will carry over to the second month. Also, provided that the share redemption program has been operating and not suspended for the first two months of a given quarter and that all properly submitted redemption requests were satisfied, any unused capacity for those two months will carry over to the third month. In no event will such carry-over capacity permit the redemption of shares with aggregate value (based on the redemption price per share for the month the redemption is effected) in excess of 5% of the combined NAV of all classes of shares as of the last calendar day of the previous calendar quarter (provided that for these purposes redemptions may be measured on a net basis as described in the paragraph below).

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We currently measure the foregoing redemption allocations and limitations based on net redemptions during a month or quarter, as applicable. The term “net redemptions” means, during the applicable period, the excess of our share redemptions (capital outflows) over the proceeds from the sale of our shares (capital inflows). For purposes of measuring our redemption capacity pursuant to our share redemption program, proceeds from new subscriptions in a month are included in capital inflows on the first day of the next month because that is the first day on which such stockholders have rights in the Company. Also for purposes of measuring our redemption capacity pursuant to our share redemption program, redemption requests received in a month are included in capital outflows on the last day of such month because that is the last day stockholders have rights in the Company. We record these redemptions in our financial statements as having occurred on the first day of the next month following receipt of the redemption request because shares redeemed in a given month are outstanding through the last day of the month. Thus, for any given calendar quarter, the maximum amount of redemptions during that quarter will be equal to (1) 5% of the combined NAV of all classes of shares as of the last calendar day of the previous calendar quarter, plus (2) proceeds from sales of new shares in this offering (including purchases pursuant to our distribution reinvestment plan) since the beginning of the current calendar quarter. The same would apply for a given month, except that redemptions in a month would be subject to the 2% limit described above (subject to potential carry-over capacity), and netting would be measured on a monthly basis. With respect to future periods, our board of directors may choose whether the allocations and limitations will be applied to “gross redemptions,” i.e., without netting against capital inflows, rather than to net redemptions. If redemptions for a given month or quarter are measured on a gross basis rather than on a net basis, the redemption limitations could limit the amount of shares redeemed in a given month or quarter despite our receiving a net capital inflow for that month or quarter. In order for our board of directors to change the application of the allocations and limitations from net redemptions to gross redemptions or vice versa, we will provide notice to stockholders in a prospectus supplement or special or periodic report filed by us, as well as in a press release or on our website, at least 10 days before the first business day of the quarter for which the new test will apply. The determination to measure redemptions on a gross basis, or vice versa, will only be made for an entire quarter, and not particular months within a quarter.

If the transaction price for the applicable month is not made available by the tenth business day prior to the last business day of the month (or is changed after such date), then no redemption requests will be accepted for such month and stockholders who wish to have their shares redeemed the following month must resubmit their redemption requests.

Although the vast majority of our assets consist of properties that cannot generally be readily liquidated on short notice without impacting our ability to realize full value upon their disposition, we intend to maintain a number of sources of liquidity including: (i) cash equivalents (e.g. money market funds), other short-term investments, U.S. government securities, agency securities and liquid real estate-related securities; and (ii) one or more borrowing facilities. We may fund redemptions from any available source of funds, including operating cash flows, borrowings, proceeds from our public offerings and/or sales of our assets.

Should redemption requests, in our judgment, place an undue burden on our liquidity, adversely affect our operations or risk having an adverse impact on the Company as a whole, or should we otherwise determine that investing our liquid assets in real properties or other illiquid investments rather than redeeming our shares is in the best interests of the company as a whole, then we may choose to redeem fewer shares than have been requested to be redeemed, or none at all. In the event that we determine to redeem some but not all of the shares submitted for redemption during any month for any of the foregoing reasons, shares submitted for redemption during such month will be redeemed on a pro rata basis. All unsatisfied redemption requests must be resubmitted after the start of the next month or quarter, or upon the recommencement of the share redemption program, as applicable. If the transaction price for the applicable month is not made available by the tenth business day prior to the last business day of the month (or is changed after such date), then no redemption requests will be accepted for such month and stockholders who wish to have their shares redeemed the following month must resubmit their redemption requests.

Our board of directors may modify or suspend our share redemption program if in its reasonable judgment it deems such actions to be in our best interest and the best interest of our stockholders. Although our board of directors has the discretion to suspend our share redemption program, our board of directors will not terminate our share redemption program other than in connection with a liquidity event which results in our stockholders receiving cash or securities listed on a national securities exchange or where otherwise required by law. Our board of directors may determine that it is in our best interests and the interest of our stockholders to suspend the share redemption program as a result of regulatory changes, changes in law, if our board of directors becomes aware of undisclosed material information that it believes should be publicly disclosed before shares are redeemed, a lack of available funds, a determination that redemption requests are having an adverse effect on our operations or other factors. Once the share redemption program has been suspended, our board of directors must affirmatively authorize the recommencement of the program before stockholder requests will be considered again. Following any suspension, our share redemption program requires our board of directors to consider at least quarterly whether the continued suspension of the program is in our best interest and the best interest of our stockholders; however, we are not required to authorize the re-commencement of the share redemption program within any specified period of time and any suspension may be for an indefinite period, which would be tantamount to a termination.

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The preceding summary does not purport to be a complete summary of our share redemption program and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the share redemption program, which is incorporated by reference as Exhibit 4.1 to this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Refer to Item 2, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” for additional details regarding our redemption history.

The table below summarizes the redemption activity for the three months ended March 31, 2023:


				Total Number of Shares	Maximum Number of
				Redeemed as Part of	Shares That May Yet Be
	Total Number of	Average Price Paid		Publicly Announced	Redeemed Under the
(shares in thousands)	Shares Redeemed	per Share Requested (1)		Plans or Programs	Plans or Programs (2)
For the Month Ended
January 31, 2023	2,142	$	15.33	2,142	—
February 28, 2023	3,680		15.25	3,680	—
March 31, 2023 (3)	3,037		15.16	3,037	—
Total	8,859	$	15.24	8,859	—

(1)	Amount represents the average price paid to investors upon redemption.

(2)	We limit the number of shares that may be redeemed per calendar quarter under the program as described above.

(3)

Redemption requests accepted in March 2023 are considered redeemed on April 1, 2023 for accounting purposes and, as a result, are not included in the table above. This differs from how we treat capital outflows for purposes of the limitations of our share redemption program. For purposes of measuring our redemption capacity pursuant to our share redemption program, redemption requests received in a month are included in capital outflows on the last day of such month because that is the last day stockholders have rights in the Company and we redeemed $145.3 million of shares of common stock for the three months ended March 31, 2023.

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ITEM 6. EXHIBITS

The exhibits required by this item are set forth on the Exhibit Index attached hereto.

EXHIBIT INDEX

Exhibit Number		Description

3.1		Third Articles of Amendment and Restatement. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 1 to Post-Effective Amendment No. 3 to the Registration Statement on Form S-11 (File No. 333-200594) filed with the SEC on June 30, 2017 (“Pre-Effective Amendment”).

3.2		Articles of Amendment. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on August 4, 2020.

3.3		Articles of Amendment (name change and designation of Class D shares). Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on February 11, 2022.

3.4		Fifth Amended and Restated Bylaws of Ares Industrial Real Estate Income Trust Inc. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.4 to the Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 20, 2023.

4.1		Second Amended and Restated Share Redemption Program, effective as of February 11, 2022. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 9, 2022.

4.2		Fourth Amended and Restated Distribution Reinvestment Plan. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 9, 2022.

10.1		Eleventh Amended and Restated Limited Partnership Agreement of AIREIT Operating Partnership LP, dated as of February 13, 2023. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to Post-Effective Amendment No. 25 to the Registration Statement on Form S-11 (File No. 333-255376) filed with the SEC on April 4, 2023.

31.1*		Certification of Principal Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

31.2*		Certification of Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

32.1**		Certifications of Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

99.1*		Consent of Altus Group U.S. Inc.

99.2		Net Asset Value Calculation and Valuation Procedures. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.2 to the Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 9, 2022.

101		The following materials from Ares Industrial Real Estate Income Trust Inc.’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2023, filed on May 11, 2023, formatted in iXBRL (Inline eXtensible Business Reporting Language): (i) Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, (ii) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations, (iii) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss), (iv) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Equity, (v) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, and (vi) Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

104		Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101).

*	Filed herewith.

**	Furnished herewith.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.


	ARES INDUSTRIAL REAL ESTATE INCOME TRUST INC.

May 11, 2023	By:	/s/ JEFFREY W. TAYLOR
		Jeffrey W. Taylor Partner, Co-President (Principal Executive Officer)

May 11, 2023	By:	/s/ SCOTT A. SEAGER
		Scott A. Seager Managing Director, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer (Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer)

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ARES INDUSTRIAL REAL ESTATE INCOME TRUST (ARIR) 10-Q2023 Q1 Quarterly report

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