Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Basis of Presentation and Use of Estimates The accompanying unaudited condensed financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the rules and regulations of the SEC and generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“GAAP”). The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the unaudited condensed financial statements and accompanying notes. We base our estimates and assumptions on historical experience when available and on various factors we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates. The results of our operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year. Principles of Consolidation Our condensed consolidated financial statements include the financial position and results of operations of Alpine and AIS Operating Co., Inc., our wholly owned subsidiary and operating company. On July 24, 2017, we closed the merger on the terms described in more detail in Note 1. In connection with the merger, Nivalis effected a 1:4 reverse stock split of its common stock. Upon the closing of the merger, (1) a wholly-owned subsidiary of Nivalis merged with and into Alpine, with Alpine (renamed as “AIS Operating Co., Inc.”) remaining as the surviving entity; and (2) Nivalis was renamed as “Alpine Immune Sciences, Inc.” Unaudited Interim Financial Information The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements as of September 30, 2017, and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 and the related interim information contained within the notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements are unaudited. The unaudited interim financial statements have been prepared on the same basis as the audited financial statements and in the opinion of management, reflect all normal recurring adjustments necessary for a fair statement of our financial position for the interim periods presented. The accompanying unaudited condensed financial statements should be read in conjunction with our audited financial statements and accompanying notes for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, as filed with the SEC in our Registration Statement. Unless indicated otherwise, all amounts presented in financial tables are presented in thousands, except for share, per share and par value amounts. Short-Term Investments Our short-term investments include funds invested in highly liquid money market funds, U.S. Treasury securities, commercial paper, and corporate debt securities with a final maturity of each security of less than one year. All investments are classified as available-for-sale securities and are recorded at fair value based on quoted prices in active markets, with unrealized gains and losses excluded from earnings and reported in other comprehensive income (loss). Purchase premiums and discounts are recognized as interest income using the interest method over the terms of the securities. Realized gains and losses and declines in fair value deemed to be other than temporary are reflected in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss) using the specific-identification method. Business Combination We use our best estimates and assumptions to accurately assign fair value to the tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the acquisition date. Our estimates are inherently uncertain and subject to refinement. During the measurement period, which may be up to one year from the acquisition date, we may record adjustments to the fair value of these tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed, with the corresponding offset to bargain purchase gain. In addition, uncertain tax positions and tax-related valuation allowances are initially established in connection with a business combination as of the acquisition date. Our management collects information and reevaluates these estimates and assumptions quarterly and records any adjustments to our preliminary estimates to bargain purchase gain during the measurement period. Upon the conclusion of the measurement period or final determination of the fair value of assets acquired or liabilities assumed, whichever comes first, any subsequent adjustments are recorded to our condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss). We allocated the preliminary purchase price to the acquired tangible and intangible assets and assumed liabilities of Nivalis based on their estimated fair values as of the acquisition date. The fair value of our identifiable intangible asset is based on detailed valuations using information and assumptions provided by management. Intangible Asset Our intangible asset is our indefinite-life GSNOR inhibitor in-process research and development asset (“IPR&D”) acquired from Nivalis. The IPR&D represents the processes, expertise, and technology employed in the development of S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (“GSNOR”) inhibitors and Nivalis’ lead product candidate, cavosonstat. The IPR&D represents the estimated fair value as of the acquisition date of substantive in-process projects that have not reached technological feasibility. The primary basis for determining technological feasibility of these projects is obtaining regulatory approval. The valuation of IPR&D is determined using a discounted cash flow method. In determining the value of IPR&D, management considers, among other factors, the stage of completion of the projects, the technological feasibility of the projects, whether the projects have an alternative future use, and the estimated residual cash flows that could be generated from the various projects and technologies over their respective projected economic lives. The discount rate used is determined at the time of acquisition and includes a rate of return which accounts for the time value of money, as well as risk factors reflecting the economic risk that the projected cash flows may not be realized We review our IPR&D at least annually for possible impairment. IPR&D is reviewed for possible impairment between annual tests if an event occurs or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of the IPR&D below their carrying values. We test our IPR&D each year on October 1. Our IPR&D asset totaled $1.5 million at September 30, 2017. Derivative Financial Instruments We evaluate all of our financial instruments, including issued stock purchase warrants, to determine if such instruments are derivatives or contain features qualifying as embedded derivatives. For derivative financial instruments accounted for as liabilities, the derivative instrument is initially recorded at its fair value and is then re-valued at each reporting date, with changes in the fair value reported in the condensed consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive income (loss). We use the Black-Scholes option-pricing model to value the derivative instruments at inception and subsequent valuation dates. The classification of derivative instruments, including whether such instruments should be recorded as liabilities or as equity, is re-assessed at the end of each reporting period. We do not use derivative instruments to hedge exposures to cash flow, market, or foreign currency risks. Revenue Recognition We derive our revenue from collaboration and licensing agreements. We recognize revenue when each of the following four criteria are met: (1) persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists; (2) products have been delivered or services have been rendered; (3) the sales price is fixed or determinable; and (4) collectability is reasonably assured. We recognize revenue under our License and Research Agreement (the “Collaboration Agreement”) with Kite Pharma, Inc. (“Kite”) in accordance with the guidance on multiple element arrangements. Multiple elements or deliverables may include (1) grants of, or options to obtain, intellectual property licenses; (2) research and development services; and/or (3) manufacturing or supply services. Payments typically received under these arrangements include one or more of the following: non-refundable upfront license fees, option exercise fees, payment for research and/or development efforts, amounts due upon the achievement of specified objectives, and/or royalties on future product sales. The evaluation of multiple-element arrangements requires management to make judgments about (1) the identification of deliverables; (2) whether such deliverables are separable from other aspects of the contractual relationship; (3) the estimated selling price of each deliverable; and (4) the expected period of performance for each deliverable. To determine the units of accounting under a multiple-element arrangement, management evaluates certain separation criteria, including whether the deliverables have stand-alone value, based on the relevant facts and circumstances for each arrangement. Management then estimates the selling price for each unit of accounting and allocates the arrangement consideration to each unit using the relative selling price method. The allocated consideration for each unit of accounting is recognized based on the method most appropriate for that unit of account and in accordance with the revenue recognition criteria detailed above. If there are deliverables in an arrangement that are not separable from other aspects of the contractual relationship, they are treated as a combined unit of accounting, with the allocated revenue for the combined unit recognized in a manner consistent with the revenue recognition criteria applicable to the final deliverable in the combined unit. Payments received prior to satisfying the relevant revenue recognition criteria are recorded as deferred revenue in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets and recognized as revenue when the related revenue recognition criteria are met. The Collaboration Agreement provides for non-refundable milestone payments. We recognize revenue that is contingent upon the achievement of a substantive milestone in its entirety in the period in which the milestone is achieved. A milestone is considered substantive when the consideration payable to us for such milestone (1) is consistent with our performance necessary to achieve the milestone or the increase in value to the collaboration resulting from our performance; (2) relates solely to our past performance; and (3) is reasonable relative to all of the other deliverables and payments within the arrangement. In making this assessment, we consider all facts and circumstances relevant to the arrangement, including factors such as the scientific, regulatory, commercial, and other risks that must be overcome to achieve the milestone, the level of effort and investment required to achieve the milestone and whether any portion of the milestone consideration is related to future performance or deliverables. We will periodically review the estimated performance periods under the Collaboration Agreement which provides for non-refundable upfront payments and fees. We will adjust the periods over which revenue should be recognized when appropriate to reflect changes in assumptions relating to the estimated performance periods. We could accelerate revenue recognition in the event of early termination of programs or if our expectations change. Alternatively, we could decelerate revenue recognition if programs are extended or delayed. While such changes to our estimates have no impact on our reported cash flows, the timing of revenue recorded in future periods could be materially impacted. Comprehensive Income (Loss) Comprehensive income (loss) is comprised of net income (loss) and certain changes in equity excluded from net income (loss). For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, other comprehensive loss consists of unrealized losses on our short-term investments. There was no difference between comprehensive income (loss) and net income (loss) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016. Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, as amended, which amends the guidance for revenue recognition to replace numerous industry specific requirements. ASU 2014-09, as amended, implements a five-step process for customer contract revenue recognition focusing on transfer of control, as opposed to transfer of risk and rewards. ASU 2014-09, as amended, also requires enhanced disclosures regarding the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenues and cash flows from contracts with customers. Other major provisions include ensuring the time value of money is considered in the transaction price, and allowing estimates of variable consideration to be recognized before contingencies are resolved in certain circumstances. ASU 2014-09, as amended, is effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017. Early adoption is permitted, but not before December 15, 2016. Entities can transition to the standard either retrospectively or as a cumulative-effect adjustment as of the date of adoption. We are currently expecting to use the modified retrospective method to adopt this standard and are continuing to assess all of the potential impacts of the new standard on our financial statements and related disclosures, although we do not expect the implementation to have a material impact. In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases. ASU 2016-02 requires a lessee to separate the lease components from the non-lease components in a contract and recognize in the statement of financial position a liability to make lease payments (the lease liability) and a right-of-use asset representing its right to use the underlying asset for the lease term. It also aligns lease accounting for lessors with the revenue recognition guidance in ASU 2014-09. ASU 2016-02 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years, and is to be applied at the beginning of the earliest period presented using a modified retrospective approach. We are continuing to evaluate the effect the standard will have on our financial statements and related disclosures. In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-15 which provides new guidance on the classification of certain cash receipts and payments in the statement of cash flows. The new guidance is intended to reduce diversity in practice in how certain transactions are classified in the statement of cash flows. We will be required to adopt the new guidance beginning with the first fiscal quarter of 2018; early adoption is permitted. We are currently assessing the impact the new guidance will have on our condensed consolidated statements of cash flows. In January 2017, the FASB issued an ASU 2017-01, Business Combinations (Topic 805) Clarifying the Definition of a Business. The amendments in this update clarify the definition of a business with the objective of adding guidance to assist entities with evaluating whether transactions should be accounted for as acquisitions (or disposals) of assets or businesses. The definition of a business affects many areas of accounting including acquisitions, disposals, goodwill, and consolidation. The guidance is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those periods. We are currently evaluating the impact of adopting this guidance. In May 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-09 to provide clarity and reduce both diversity in practice and cost and complexity when applying the guidance in Compensation - Stock Compensation ( Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements In August 2014, the FASB issued ASU No.2014-15, Disclosures of Uncertainties about an Entity’s Ability to Continue as a Going Concern. Under the new guidance, management is required to assess an entity’s ability to continue as a going concern and to provide related footnote disclosures in certain circumstances. The provisions of this standard are effective for annual periods ending after December 31, 2016, and for annual and interim periods thereafter. We adopted this guidance this year and management believes our existing cash and cash equivalents as of September 30, 2017 are sufficient to fund our operations and do not raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern. In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-09-Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting, wh ich simplified the accounting for share-based payment transactions, including the income tax consequences, the calculation of diluted earnings per share, the treatment of forfeitures, the classification of awards as either equity or liabilities, and the classification on the statement of cash flows. For public business entities, the amendments in this update are effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016 and interim periods within those annual periods. Early adoption is permitted for any entity in any interim or annual period. We adopted ASU 2016-09 with effect from January 1, 2015. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on our financial statements. In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-18 relating to restricted cash. The new guidance requires amounts generally described as restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents to be included with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning-of-period and end-of-period total amounts shown on the condensed consolidated statement of cash flows. This guidance is required to be adopted beginning with the first fiscal quarter of 2018; early adoption is permitted. We adopted this guidance effective June 30, 2017, which required us to include restricted cash within the beginning and ending balance of cash and cash equivalents for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2017. We had no restricted cash prior to adopting this guidance, thus we were not required to revise prior period statements of cash flows. The adoption of this guidance does not impact our financial position or results of operations. |