In addition, in accordance with ASC 606, when a license of intellectual property is not distinct, it is combined with other goods and services as a single performance obligation. Our advanced identity analytics solution, IdentityAI, which is delivered as a subscription service, is designed to complement our IdentityIQ and IdentityNow solutions and is not intended to be utilized separately from those solutions. Accordingly, we believe that revenue from an IdentityIQ license that is sold with an IdentityAI subscription should generally be recognized ratably over the term of the IdentityAI agreement. Thus, as sales of IdentityAI increase, we expect that a greater proportion of our fees from IdentityIQ licenses will be recognized ratably rather than upfront, which, particularly when added to the effects of the shift to subscription-based arrangements on our revenues and earnings discussed above, could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, operating results and prospects.
Although we had positive net income of $3.7 million in 2018, we have a history of losses, and we may not be able to generate sufficient revenue to achieve and sustain profitability.
Until the year ended December 31, 2018, we incurred net losses in each prior year since our inception, including net losses of $7.6 million and $3.2 million for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively, and for the six months ended June 30, 2019, our net loss was $17.6 million. We cannot assure you that we will achieve profitability in the future or that we will be able to sustain profitability. We expect our operating expenses to increase significantly as we continue to expand our sales and marketing efforts, continue to invest in research and development, particularly for our cloud-based solutions, and expand our operations in existing and new geographies and vertical markets. While our revenue has grown in recent years, if our revenue declines or fails to grow at a rate faster than increases in our operating expenses, we will not be able to maintain profitability in future years. In particular, as discussed in the risk factor above, our revenues may be materially and adversely affected during any period of significant shifts to subscription-based arrangements, and as a result, we may again generate losses.
We have experienced rapid growth in recent periods, and our recent growth rates may not be indicative of our future growth.
We have experienced rapid growth in recent years. Our revenue grew from $132.4 million to $248.9 million from the year ended December 31, 2016 to the year ended December 31, 2018. In future periods, we may not be able to sustain revenue growth consistent with recent history, or at all. We believe our revenue growth depends on a number of factors, including, but not limited to:
| • | | our ability to attract new customers and retain and increase sales to existing customers; |
| • | | our ability to, and the ability of our channel partners to, successfully deploy and implement our solutions, increase our existing customers’ use of our solutions and provide our customers with excellent customer support; |
| • | | our ability to develop our existing solutions and introduce new solutions; |
| • | | our ability to hire substantial numbers of new sales and marketing, research and development and general and administrative personnel, and expand our global operations; and |
| • | | our ability to increase the number of our technology partners. |
If we are unable to achieve any of these requirements, our revenue growth will be adversely affected. In addition, as discussed above, our revenue growth may be materially and adversely affected during any period of significant shifts to subscription-based arrangements.
Any failure to offer high-quality customer support may adversely affect our relationships with our customers, which could adversely affect our business.
We typically bundle customer support with arrangements for our solutions. In deploying and using our platform and solutions, our customers typically require the assistance of our support teams to resolve complex technical and operational issues. We may be unable to modify the nature, scope and delivery of our customer support to compete with changes in product support services provided by our competitors. Increased customer demand for support, without corresponding revenue, could increase costs and adversely affect our operating results. We may also be unable to respond quickly enough to accommodate short-term increases in customer demand for support. Our sales are highly dependent on our reputation and on positive recommendations from our existing customers. Customer satisfaction will become even more important as our customers increasingly shift to subscription-based arrangements. Any failure to maintain high-quality customer support, or a market perception that we do not maintain high-quality product support, could adversely affect our reputation and our ability to sell our solutions to existing and new customers.
4