Stock-Based Compensation | 10. Stock-Based Compensation 2015 Stock Option Plans In 2015, the Company adopted (i) the Amended and Restated 2015 Stock Option and Grant Plan and (ii) the 2015 Stock Incentive Plan (together the “2015 Stock Option Plans”) under which it may grant incentive stock options (“ISOs”), nonqualified stock options (“NSOs”) for the right to purchase shares of common stock and grant restricted stock units (“RSUs”). The 2015 Stock Option Plans reserve 5.0 million shares of common stock for issuance as ISOs, 0.5 million shares of RSUs and 0.25 million shares for issuance under the 2015 Stock Incentive Plan. Under the 2015 Stock Option Plans, ISOs may not be granted at less than fair market value on the date of the grant and generally vest over a four-year As of June 30, 2020, 0.6 million shares were available for issuance under the 2015 Stock Option Plans, including less than 0.1 million shares available for issuance under the 2015 Stock Incentive Plan. The Company currently uses authorized and unissued shares to satisfy share award exercises. 2017 Long Term Incentive Plan In November 2017, the Company’s Board of Directors adopted the 2017 Long Term Incentive Plan (the “2017 Plan”) under which it may grant stock options, NSOs to purchase shares of common stock and RSUs. As of June 30, 2020, the Company had reserved 17.7 million shares of common stock available for issuance under the 2017 Plan to employees, directors, officers and consultants of the Company and its subsidiaries. The number of shares of common stock available for issuance under the 2017 Plan is increased on each January 1 by 4.4 million shares of common stock. Options and RSUs granted to employees under the 2017 Plan generally vest over four years. Common stock subject to an award that expires or is canceled, forfeited, exchanged or otherwise terminated without delivery of shares, and shares withheld or surrendered to pay the exercise price of, or to satisfy the withholding obligations with respect to an award, will become available for future grants under the 2017 Plan. As of June 30, 2020, 11.3 million shares were available for issuance under the 2017 Plan. The Company currently uses authorized and unissued shares to satisfy share award exercises. The fair value for the Company’s stock options granted and Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the "ESPP") purchase rights, as discussed further below, during the periods presented were estimated at grant date using a Black Scholes option-pricing model using the following weighted average assumptions: Stock Options ESPP June 30, 2020 June 30, 2019 June 30, 2020 June 30, 2019 Expected dividend rate 0% 0% 0% 0% Expected volatility 50.8% - 56.2% 39.3% - 39.8% 48.1% - 56.2% 39.8% - 46.0% Risk-free interest rate 0.42% - 1.53% 1.84% - 2.59% 0.18% - 1.57% 2.29 - 2.44% Expected term (in years) 6.25 6.25 0.50 0.42 - 0.50 The following table summarizes stock option activity for the six months ended June 30, 2020: Number of Options Weighted Average Exercise Price Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term Aggregate Intrinsic Value (In thousands) (Per share) (Years) (In thousands) Balances at December 31, 2019 2,786 $ 13.67 7.7 $ 31,489 Granted 585 $ 24.68 Exercised (423 ) $ 6.64 Forfeited (224 ) $ 20.45 Balances at June 30, 2020 2,724 $ 16.57 7.9 $ 28,640 Options vested and expected to vest at June 30, 2020 2,724 $ 16.57 7.9 $ 28,640 Options vested and exercisable at June 30, 2020 1,124 $ 9.92 6.6 $ 19,183 The Company expects all outstanding stock options to fully vest. The weighted average grant date fair value per share for the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 was $8.82 and $12.06, respectively. The total fair value of shares vested for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 was $0.9 million and $3.7 million, respectively, compared to approximately $0.5 million and $2.9 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, respectively. The total unrecognized compensation expense related to non-vested stock options granted is $15.0 million and is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 2.7 years as of June 30, 2020. Incentive Unit Plan In 2014 and 2015, the Company granted shares of the Company’s common stock (the “incentive units”) to certain members of management pursuant to restricted stock agreements (the “RSAs”). The incentive units were granted with an exercise price equal to the fair market value on the date of grant, are subject to vesting, and if exercised in advance of vesting were subject to the Company’s right to repurchase until vested. The Company did not grant any additional incentive units during the periods ended June 30, 2020. During the first quarter of 2019, all of the remaining 0.7 million incentive units were vested with a weighted average grant date fair value of $0.05 per share. Therefore, subsequent to the first quarter of 2019, we incurred no additional stock-based compensation expense and there is no further unrecognized compensation expense or intrinsic value related to non-vested incentive units. Restricted Stock Units The following table summarizes the RSU activity for the Company for the six months ended June 30, 2020: Number of Shares Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term Aggregate Intrinsic Value (In thousands) (Per share) (Years) (In thousands) Balances at December 31, 2019 1,881 $ 23.08 1.6 $ 44,386 Granted 1,875 $ 22.55 Vested (342 ) $ 26.02 Forfeited (179 ) $ 23.17 Balances at June 30, 2020 3,235 $ 22.46 1.7 $ 85,626 Units expected to vest at June 30, 2020 3,235 $ 22.46 1.7 $ 85,626 The Company expects all outstanding RSUs to fully vest. The total unrecognized compensation related to RSUs was Employee Stock Purchase Plan The Company initially reserved 1.8 million shares of common stock for issuance under the ESPP. The number of shares available for issuance under the ESPP increases each January 1 by 0.9 million shares of common stock. The ESPP will continue in effect unless terminated prior thereto by the Company’s board of directors or compensation committee, each of which has the right to terminate the ESPP at any time. As of June 30, 2020, 2.8 million shares were available for issuance under the ESPP Plan. During each of the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, the Company issued and distributed approximately 0.2 million shares of common stock pursuant the ESPP offering periods spanning from December 3, 2019 to June 3, 2020 and January 2, 2019 to June 3, 2019, respectively. The current ESPP offering period is June 4, 2020 through December 2, 2020. Stock-based compensation expense associated with ESPP purchase rights are recognized on a straight-line basis over the offering period. A Three Months Ended Six Months Ended June 30, 2020 June 30, 2019 June 30, 2020 June 30, 2019 (In thousands) Stock options $ 1,437 $ 1,392 $ 2,828 $ 2,636 Incentive units — — — 351 RSUs 5,261 3,029 9,459 5,357 ESPP 452 549 1,054 1,265 Total stock-based compensation expense $ 7,150 $ 4,970 $ 13,341 $ 9,609 A summary of the Company’s stock-based compensation expense as recognized on the condensed consolidated statements of operations is as follows: Three Months Ended Six Months Ended June 30, 2020 June 30, 2019 June 30, 2020 June 30, 2019 (In thousands) Cost of revenue - subscription $ 396 $ 284 $ 785 $ 544 Cost of revenue - services and other 391 380 818 729 Research and development 1,487 916 2,988 1,833 General and administrative 1,950 1,644 2,952 3,015 Sales and marketing 2,926 1,746 5,798 3,488 Total stock-based compensation expense $ 7,150 $ 4,970 $ 13,341 $ 9,609 |