Stock-Based Compensation | 8. Stock-Based Compensation We have three stock-based compensation plans – the Amended and Restated 2017 Inducement Equity Plan, or 2017 Inducement Plan, the Amended and Restated 2015 Stock Option and Incentive Plan, or 2015 Plan, and the 2012 Stock Option and Grant Plan, or 2012 Plan. As of March 31, 2021, there were 2,114,286 shares reserved under the 2017 Inducement Plan and 4,809,892 shares reserved under the 2015 Plan for the future issuance of equity awards. Upon adoption of the 2015 Plan in July 2015, no new awards or grants are permitted under the 2012 Plan. See Note 10 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K Stock Options The following summarizes option activity under the 2017 Inducement Plan, 2015 Plan and 2012 Plan: Number of Weighted- Outstanding — December 31, 2020 3,327,330 $ 42.07 Options granted 576,768 44.48 Options exercised (47,763 ) 23.24 Options canceled (41,493 ) 57.37 Outstanding — March 31, 2021 3,814,842 $ 42.51 The fair values of stock options granted to employees were calculated using the following assumptions: Three Months Ended March 31, 2021 2020 Expected term (in years) 5.8-6.1 6.1 Volatility 72.6%-72.7% 69.6%-69.9% Risk-free interest rate 0.9%-1.0% 1.4%-1.8% Dividend yield — — Restricted Stock Units The following table summarizes activity of restricted stock units, or RSUs, granted to employees with service-based vesting under the 2017 Inducement Plan and 2015 Plan and related information: Number Weighted- Non-vested 2,210,356 $ 57.80 RSUs granted 1,255,399 44.87 RSUs vested (267,629 ) 54.41 RSUs forfeited (94,999 ) 56.87 Non-vested 3,103,127 $ 52.89 Market-Condition Awards Granted to Employees 2020 Market-Condition RSU Awards The Compensation Committee of our Board of Directors granted, effective June 1, 2020, awards of up to an aggregate of 414,700 RSUs to certain of our senior management, including our executive officers, under the 2015 Plan, the vesting of which is contingent upon the achievement of three escalating stock price targets, which we refer to as the 2020 Market-Condition RSU Awards. Upon the achievement of the respective stock price targets, 50% of the RSUs allotted to that tranche will vest, while the remaining 50% will vest on the first anniversary of the date the stock price target was achieved, subject to the employee’s continued employment or other service relationship with us through such vesting date. Under the terms of the awards, if the stock price targets are not achieved for all or some of the tranches on or before June 30, 2024, the unvested awards will be automatically terminated and forfeited. The compensation cost for the RSUs with a market condition is not reversed when the market condition is not satisfied. The target prices and vesting tranches are set forth in the table below: Stock Price Targets Number of Units Allotted $109.20 82,940 $145.60 145,145 $182.00 186,615 The grant date fair value of the 2020 Market-Condition RSU Awards was estimated using a Monte Carlo simulation model, which includes variables such as the expected volatility of the Company’s share price and interest rates to generate potential future outcomes. We recognize the related compensation expense on a straight-line basis over the applicable derived service periods, which are the estimated periods of time that would be required to satisfy the market conditions. For the three months ended March 31, 2021, no 2020 Market-Condition RSU Awards were granted, vested, or forfeited. The number of units outstanding was 414,700 and 414,700 as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively. The weighted average grant date fair value was $49.95 and $49.95 was of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively. The aggregate intrinsic value for the outstanding 2020 Market-Condition RSU Awards was $16.9 million as of March 31, 2021. At March 31, 2021, total unrecognized compensation expense related to non-vested 2020 Market-Condition RSU Awards was $ million, which is expected to be recognized over their respective remaining derived service periods. The weighted average derived service period is years. For the three months ended March 31, 2021, we recognized $ million in stock-based compensation expense related to the 2020 Market-Condition RSU Awards. Stock-Based Compensation Expense Total stock-based compensation recognized by function included in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss was as follows (in thousands): Three Months Ended 2021 2020 Research and development $ 4,879 $ 5,350 Selling, general and administrative 15,069 11,017 Total stock-based compensation expense $ 19,948 $ 16,367 |