Loans Held for Investment and the Allowance for Credit Losses | (3) Loans Held for Investment and the Allowance for Credit Losses The Company originates and acquires first mortgage and mezzanine loans secured by commercial properties. The Company considers these loans to comprise a single portfolio of mortgage loans, and the Company has developed its systematic methodology to determine the allowance for credit losses based on a single portfolio. For purposes of certain disclosures herein, the Company disaggregates this portfolio segment into the following classes of finance receivables: Senior loans; and Subordinated and Mezzanine loans. These loans can potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk as measured by various metrics, including, without limitation, property type collateralizing the loan, loan size, loans to a single sponsor and loans in a single geographic area. The Company’s loans held for investment are accounted for at amortized cost. Interest accrued but not yet collected is separately reported as accrued interest and fees receivable on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. Amounts within that caption relating to loans held for investment were $13.9 million and $14.0 million as of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020. During the three months ended June 30, 2021, the Company originated nine mortgage loans, with a total commitment of $752.5 million, an initial unpaid principal balance of $597.0 million, and unfunded commitments at closing of $155.5 million. During the six months ended June 30, 2021, the Company originated 10 mortgage loans, with a total commitment of $797.8 million, an initial unpaid principal balance of $634.5 million, and unfunded commitments at closing of $163.3 million. The following table details overall statistics for the Company’s loan portfolio as of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 (dollars in thousands): June 30, 2021 December 31, 2020 Balance Sheet Portfolio Total Loan Portfolio Balance Sheet Portfolio Total Loan Portfolio Number of loans 62 63 57 58 Floating rate loans 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 % Total loan commitment (1) $ 5,318,297 $ 5,450,297 $ 4,943,511 $ 5,075,511 Unpaid principal balance (2) $ 4,833,535 $ 4,833,535 $ 4,524,725 $ 4,524,725 Unfunded loan commitments (3) $ 488,916 $ 488,916 $ 423,487 $ 423,487 Amortized cost $ 4,825,890 $ 4,825,890 $ 4,516,400 $ 4,516,400 Weighted average credit spread (4) 3.2 % 3.2 % 3.2 % 3.2 % Weighted average all-in yield (4) 5.0 % 5.0 % 5.3 % 5.3 % Weighted average term to extended maturity (in years) (5) 2.9 2.9 3.1 3.1 (1) In certain instances, the Company creates structural leverage through the co-origination or non-recourse syndication of a senior loan interest to a third-party. In either case, the senior mortgage loan (i.e., the non-consolidated senior interest) is not included on the Company’s balance sheet. When the Company creates structural leverage through the co-origination or non-recourse syndication of a senior loan interest to a third-party, the Company retains on its balance sheet a mezzanine loan. Total loan commitment encompasses the entire loan portfolio the Company originated, acquired and financed. As of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the Company had one non-consolidated senior interest outstanding of $132.0 million. (2) Unpaid principal balance includes PIK interest of $4.2 million and $4.7 million as of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively. ( 3 ) Unfunded loan commitments may be funded over the term of each loan, subject in certain cases to an expiration date or a force-funding date, primarily to finance property improvements or lease-related expenditures by the Company’s borrowers, to finance operating deficits during renovation and lease-up, and in limited instances to finance construction. ( 4 ) As of June 30, 2021, all of the Company’s loans were floating rate and were indexed to LIBOR. In addition to credit spread, all-in yield includes the amortization of deferred origination fees, purchase price premium and discount if any, loan origination costs and accrual of both extension and exit fees. Credit spread and all-in yield for the total portfolio assumes the applicable floating benchmark rate as of June 30, 2021 for weighted average calculations. ( 5 ) Extended maturity assumes all extension options are exercised by the borrower; provided, however, that the Company’s loans may be repaid prior to such date. As of June 30, 2021, based on the unpaid principal balance of the Company’s total loan exposure, 20.6% of the Company’s loans were subject to yield maintenance or other prepayment restrictions and 79.4% were open to repayment by the borrower without penalty. The following tables present an overview of the mortgage loan investment portfolio by loan seniority as of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 (dollars in thousands): June 30, 2021 Loans Held for Investment, Net Outstanding Principal Unamortized Premium (Discount), Loan Origination Fees, net Amortized Cost Senior loans $ 4,799,273 $ (7,543 ) $ 4,791,730 Subordinated and Mezzanine loans 34,262 (102 ) 34,160 Total $ 4,833,535 $ (7,645 ) $ 4,825,890 Allowance for credit losses (51,941 ) Loans Held for Investment, Net $ 4,773,949 December 31, 2020 Loans Held for Investment, Net Outstanding Principal Unamortized Premium (Discount), Loan Origination Fees, net Amortized Cost Senior loans $ 4,492,209 $ (8,161 ) $ 4,484,048 Subordinated and Mezzanine loans 32,516 (164 ) 32,352 Total $ 4,524,725 $ (8,325 ) $ 4,516,400 Allowance for credit losses (59,940 ) Loans Held for Investment, Net $ 4,456,460 For the six months ended June 30, 2021, loan portfolio activity was as follows (dollars in thousands): Carrying Value Balance as of December 31, 2020 $ 4,456,460 Additions during the period: Loans originated and acquired 631,408 Additional fundings 74,312 Amortization of origination fees 3,775 Deductions during the period: Collection of principal (339,315 ) Loan sale (60,690 ) Change in allowance for credit losses 7,999 Balance as of June 30, 2021 $ 4,773,949 During the three months ended June 30, 2021, the Company sold one hotel loan with an unpaid principal balance of $60.7 million for $59.5 million, resulting in a loss on sale of $1.6 million, including transaction costs of $0.4 million, As of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, there was $7.6 million and $8.3 million, respectively, of unamortized loan fees and discounts included in loans held for investment, net in the consolidated balance sheets. The Company did not recognize any accelerated fee component of prepayment fees during the three months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, and recognized $0 million and $0.3 million of such payments, respectively, during the six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020. As of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, there were no unamortized loan purchase discounts or premiums included in loans held for investment at amortized cost on the consolidated balance sheets. Loan Risk Rating As discussed in Note 2, the Company evaluates all of its loans to assign risk ratings on a quarterly basis. Based on a 5-point scale, the Company’s loans are rated “1” through “5,” from least risk to greatest risk, respectively, which ratings are described in Note 2. The Company generally assigns a risk rating of “3” to its loan investments in the origination quarter, except in specific circumstances that warrant a different risk rating based on current circumstances. The following tables present amortized cost basis by origination year, grouped by risk rating, as of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 (dollars in thousands): June 30, 2021 Amortized Cost by Origination Year 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 Prior Total Senior loans by internal risk ratings: 1 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — 2 33,345 — — 308,404 — — 341,749 3 598,526 253,369 1,536,789 1,089,536 337,139 23,009 3,838,368 4 — — 316,794 46,937 216,682 — 580,413 5 — — — 31,200 — — 31,200 Total mortgage loans $ 631,871 $ 253,369 $ 1,853,583 $ 1,476,077 $ 553,821 $ 23,009 $ 4,791,730 Subordinated and mezzanine loans by internal risk ratings: 1 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — 2 — — — — — — — 3 — — 34,160 — — — 34,160 4 — — — — — — — 5 — — — — — — — Total subordinated and mezzanine loans — — 34,160 — — — 34,160 Total $ 631,871 $ 253,369 $ 1,887,743 $ 1,476,077 $ 553,821 $ 23,009 $ 4,825,890 December 31, 2020 Amortized Cost by Origination Year 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 Total Senior loans by internal risk ratings: 1 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — 2 — — 337,738 — — 337,738 3 247,770 1,705,783 1,099,503 255,255 — 3,308,311 4 — 433,334 46,882 301,628 25,049 806,893 5 — — 31,106 — — 31,106 Total mortgage loans $ 247,770 $ 2,139,117 $ 1,515,229 $ 556,883 $ 25,049 $ 4,484,048 Subordinated and mezzanine loans by internal risk ratings: 1 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — 2 — — — — — — 3 — 32,352 — — — 32,352 4 — — — — — — 5 — — — — — — Total subordinated and mezzanine loans — 32,352 — — — 32,352 Total $ 247,770 $ 2,171,469 $ 1,515,229 $ 556,883 $ 25,049 $ 4,516,400 Loans acquired rather than originated are presented in the table above in the column corresponding to the year of origination, not acquisition. The table below summarizes the amortized cost, and results of the Company’s internal risk rating review performed as of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 (dollars in thousands): Rating June 30, 2021 December 31, 2020 1 $ — $ — 2 341,749 337,738 3 3,872,528 3,340,663 4 580,413 806,893 5 31,200 31,106 Total $ 4,825,890 $ 4,516,400 Allowance for Credit Losses (51,941 ) (59,940 ) Carrying Value $ 4,773,949 $ 4,456,460 Weighted Average Risk Rating (1) 3.1 3.1 (1) Weighted Average Risk Rating calculated based on amortized cost balance at period end. The weighted average risk rating of the Company’s loans remained unchanged at 3.1 as of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020. During the three months ended June 30, 2021, the Company assigned to one of its loans originated in the current quarter a risk rating of “2” based on the continued outperformance of the underlying collateral. This loan refinanced a loan held in the Company’s loan portfolio that carried a “2” risk rating at the time it was repaid in full. Additionally, as of June 30, 2021, the Company: upgraded two hotel loans from risk category “4” to “3” due to positive economic trends in the local markets and continued improvements in property-level operating performance; upgraded four condominium loans, to the same Sponsor, from risk category “4” to “3” due to improved Sponsor financial condition, pace of conversion work, and improving market conditions; and downgraded one office loan from risk category “2” to “3” due to slowing leasing activity. During the three months ended March 31, 2021, the Company upgraded one loan from risk category “3” to “2” because the collateral property achieved stabilized occupancy at rents in excess of underwritten rents. Allowance for Credit Losses The Company’s reserve developed pursuant to ASC 326 reflects its current estimate of potential credit losses related to its loan portfolio as of June 30, 2021. As part of its allowance for credit losses, the Company maintains a separate allowance for credit losses related to unfunded loan commitments, and this amount is included in accrued expenses and other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets. For further information on the policies that govern the estimation of the allowances for credit loss, see Note 2. The following tables present activity in the allowance for credit losses for the mortgage loan investment portfolio by class of finance receivable for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020 (dollars in thousands): For the Three Months Ended June 30, 2021 Senior Loans Subordinated and Mezzanine Loans Total Allowance for credit losses for loans held for investment: CECL reserve as of April 1, 2021 $ 55,155 $ 1,486 $ 56,641 Credit Loss Expense (Benefit) (3,724 ) (976 ) (4,700 ) Subtotal 51,431 510 51,941 Allowance for credit losses on unfunded loan commitments: CECL reserve as of April 1, 2021 2,084 65 2,149 Credit Loss Expense (Benefit) 1,276 (54 ) 1,222 Subtotal 3,360 11 3,371 Total allowance for credit losses $ 54,791 $ 521 $ 55,312 For the Three Months Ended June 30, 2020 Senior Loans Subordinated and Mezzanine Loans Total Allowance for credit losses for loans held for investment: CECL reserve as of April 1, 2020 $ 73,620 $ 2,038 $ 75,658 Credit Loss Expense (Benefit) (22,063 ) (38 ) (22,101 ) Subtotal 51,557 2,000 53,557 Allowance for credit losses on unfunded loan commitments: CECL reserve as of April 1, 2020 5,807 1,528 7,335 Credit Loss Expense (Benefit) (2,189 ) (28 ) (2,217 ) Subtotal 3,618 1,500 5,118 Total allowance for credit losses $ 55,175 $ 3,500 $ 58,675 For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2021 Senior Loans Subordinated and Mezzanine Loans Total Allowance for credit losses for loans held for investment: CECL reserve as of December 31, 2020 $ 58,210 $ 1,730 $ 59,940 Credit Loss Expense (Benefit) (6,779 ) (1,220 ) (7,999 ) Subtotal 51,431 510 51,941 Allowance for credit losses on unfunded loan commitments: CECL reserve as of December 31, 2020 2,756 132 2,888 Credit Loss Expense (Benefit) 604 (121 ) 483 Subtotal 3,360 11 3,371 Total allowance for credit losses $ 54,791 $ 521 $ 55,312 For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2020 Senior Loans Subordinated and Mezzanine Loans Total Allowance for credit losses for loans held for investment: CECL reserve as of December 31, 2019 $ — $ — $ — Cumulative-effect adjustment upon adoption of ASU 2016-13 16,903 880 17,783 Credit Loss Expense (Benefit) 34,654 1,120 35,774 Subtotal 51,557 2,000 53,557 Allowance for credit losses on unfunded loan commitments: CECL reserve as of December 31, 2019 — — — Cumulative-effect adjustment upon adoption of ASU 2016-13 1,862 — 1,862 Credit Loss Expense (Benefit) 1,756 1,500 3,256 Subtotal 3,618 1,500 5,118 Total allowance for credit losses $ 55,175 $ 3,500 $ 58,675 The amount of allowance for credit losses is influenced by the size of the Company’s loan portfolio, loan quality, risk rating, delinquency status, historic loss experience and other conditions influencing loss expectations, such as reasonable and supportable forecasts of economic conditions. During the three months ended June 30, 2021, the Company recorded a decrease of $3.5 million to its allowance for credit losses. The decline in the Company’s allowance for credit losses was primarily due to an improving macroeconomic outlook based on recent observed economic data, improved property performance of underlying collateral for many of its loan investments that were adversely impacted by COVID-19, and normalizing commercial real estate capital markets activity. While the ultimate impact of these trends remains uncertain, the Company has selected its macroeconomic outlook based on this uncertainty, made specific forward-looking valuation adjustments to the inputs of its calculation of the allowance for credit losses to reflect variability regarding the timing, strength, and distribution of a sustained economic recovery, and unknown post-COVID levels of economic activity that may result. During the six months ended June 30, 2021, the Company recorded a decrease of $7.5 million to its allowance for credit losses, reducing its CECL reserve to $55.3 million as of June 30, 2021. For the six months ended June 30, 2021, the Company’s estimate of expected credit losses was impacted by loan originations, sales, and repayments of $631.4 million, $60.7 million, and $339.3 million, respectively, recessionary and recovery macroeconomic assumptions employed in determining the model-based general CECL reserve, and an increase in the Company’s total loan commitments and unpaid principal balance as of June 30, 2021. For the six months ended June 30, 2020, the allowance for credit losses increased to $58.7 million, comprised of $19.6 million in connection with the adoption of ASC 326 on January 1, 2020, and $39.1 million due to changes in economic outlook resulting from the initial impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. The average risk rating of the Company’s loans remained unchanged at 3.1 as of June 30, 2021, December 31, 2020, and June 30, 2020. One loan secured by a retail property was on non-accrual status During the three months ended June 30, 2021, the Company executed two loan modifications with borrowers. As of June 30, 2021, these loans had an aggregate commitment amount of $186.9 million and an aggregate unpaid principal balance of $174.0 million. None of the loan modifications triggered the accounting requirements of a troubled debt restructuring. During the six months ended June 30, 2021, the Company executed seven loan modifications. As of June 30, 2021, the aggregate number of loan modifications in effect was 12 with an unpaid principal balance of $1,032.9 million. Loan modifications implemented by the Company since January 1, 2021 typically involve the adjustment or waiver of property level or business plan milestones or performance tests that are prerequisite to the extension of a loan maturity in exchange for borrower concessions that may include any or all of the following: a partial repayment of principal; termination of all or a portion of the remaining unfunded loan commitment; a cash infusion by the sponsor or borrower to replenish loan reserves (interest or capital improvements); additional call protection; and an increase in the loan coupon. Loan modifications implemented by the Company in 2020 typically involved the repurposing of existing reserves to pay interest and other property-level expenses, and providing relief to conditions for extension, such as waiving debt yield tests or modifying the conditions upon which the underlying borrower may extend the maturity date. In exchange, borrowers and sponsors made partial principal repayments and/or provided additional cash for payment of interest, operating expenses, and replenishment of interest reserves or capital reserves in amounts and combinations acceptable to the Company. The following table presents the activity in the PIK balance during the six months ended June 30, 2021 (dollars in thousands): Balance as of December 31, 2020 $ 4,701 PIK accrued 816 PIK repayments and write-off — Balance as of March 31, 2021 5,517 PIK accrued 360 PIK repayments (1,034 ) PIK write-off (690 ) Balance as of June 30, 2021 $ 4,153 For the three months ended June 30, 2021, total PIK interest of $0.4 million on two loans was deferred and added to the outstanding loan principal. For the six months ended June 30, 2021, total PIK interest of $1.2 million on two loans was deferred and added to the outstanding loan principal. PIK interest on eight loans was outstanding as of June 30, 2021. The following table presents collections of scheduled interest during the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020 and the three months ended March 31, 2021: Three Months Ended Six Months Ended June 30, 2021 March 31, 2021 June 30, 2020 June 30, 2021 June 30, 2020 Scheduled interest, including PIK 99.3 % 99.4 % 100.0 % 99.3 % 100.0 % PIK interest as a percentage of scheduled interest 1.1 % 1.2 % 1.0 % 1.1 % 0.4 % The following table presents the aging analysis on an amortized cost basis of mortgage loans by class of loans as of June 30, 2021 (dollars in thousands): Days Outstanding 30-59 Days 60-89 Days 90 Days or More Total Loans Past Due Current Total Loans 90 Days or More Past Due and Accruing Loans Receivable: Senior loans $ — $ — $ 31,200 $ 31,200 $ 4,760,530 $ 4,791,730 $ — Subordinated and mezzanine loans — — — — 34,160 34,160 — Total $ — $ — $ 31,200 $ 31,200 $ 4,794,690 $ 4,825,890 $ — At December 31, 2020, all loans were current. |