As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 17, 2017
Registration No. 333-207471
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
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POST-EFFECTIVE AMENDMENT NO. 9 TO
FORM S-11
on FORM S-3
REGISTRATION STATEMENT
Under
THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933
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KBS Growth & Income REIT, Inc.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
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Maryland | 47-2778257 |
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) | (IRS employer identification number) |
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800 Newport Center Drive, Suite 700
Newport Beach, California 92660
(949) 417-6500
(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of the registrant’s principal executive offices)
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Charles J. Schreiber, Jr.
Chief Executive Officer
KBS Growth & Income REIT, Inc.
800 Newport Center Drive, Suite 700
Newport Beach, California 92660
(949) 417-6500
(Name, address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of agent for service)
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Copies to:
Robert H. Bergdolt, Esq.
Carrie J. Hartley, Esq.
Laura K. Sirianni, Esq.
DLA Piper LLP (US)
4141 Parklake Avenue, Suite 300
Raleigh, North Carolina 27612-2350
(919) 786-2000
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Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to public: From time to time after this registration statement becomes effective.
If the only securities being registered on this form are being offered pursuant to dividend or interest reinvestment plans, please check the following box. x
If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1993, other than securities offered only in connection with dividend or interest reinvestment plans, check the following box. ¨
If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ¨
If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ¨
If this form is a registration statement pursuant to General Instruction I.D. or a post-effective amendment thereto that shall become effective upon filing with the Commission pursuant to Rule 462(e) under the Securities Act, check the following box. ¨
If this form is a post-effective amendment to a registration statement filed pursuant to General Instruction I.D. filed to register additional securities or additional classes of securities pursuant to Rule 413(b) under the Securities Act, check the following box. ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one) |
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Large Accelerated Filer | | o | | | Accelerated Filer | | o |
Non-Accelerated Filer | | o | (Do not check if a smaller reporting company) | | Smaller reporting company | | x |
| | | | | Emerging growth company | | x |
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act. x
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Explanatory Note
This registration statement (No. 333-207471) for the issuer’s primary offering and distribution reinvestment plan offering was first declared effective by the Staff on April 28, 2016. On October 10, 2017, the issuer filed post-effective amendment no. 8 to de-register the unsold shares in the primary offering. This post-effective amendment no. 9 to Form S-11 on Form S-3 amends the issuer’s registration statement to make it a distribution reinvestment plan only registration statement.
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| KBS GROWTH & INCOME REIT, INC. | |
Distribution Reinvestment Plan | |
Maximum Offering of $800,000,000 in Shares of Class A and Class T Common Stock | |
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KBS Growth & Income REIT, Inc. is a Maryland corporation that elected to qualify as a real estate investment trust beginning with the taxable year ended December 31, 2015. As of November 10, 2017, we owned four office buildings with an aggregate cost basis of $183.4 million.
We are offering up to a maximum of $800,000,000 in shares of our Class A and Class T common stock to our existing stockholders pursuant to our distribution reinvestment plan (the “DRP”) at a price currently equal to $8.75 per share, which is the estimated net asset value (“NAV”) per share of our common stock as estimated by our board of directors on August 9, 2017. See “Determination of Estimated Net Asset Value Per Share.” We will adjust the offering price of the DRP shares during the course of this offering when we announce an updated estimated NAV per share of our common stock. We currently expect to update the estimated NAV per share annually in December. Some of the significant features of the plan are:
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• | Excluding distributions that our board of directors designates as ineligible for reinvestment through the DRP, we will apply that portion (as designated by a stockholder participating in the DRP) of the distributions declared and paid in respect of a such participant’s shares of any class of our common stock to the purchase of additional shares for such participant. Purchases will be in the same class of shares as the shares for which such participant received the distributions that are being reinvested. |
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• | We may continue to offer shares under the DRP until we have sold an aggregate of $800,000,000 in shares of our Class A and Class T common stock through the reinvestment of distributions. In some states, we will need to renew the registration of our shares annually to continue the DRP offering. |
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• | We may amend or terminate the DRP for any reason at any time upon 10 days’ notice to participants. |
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• | You may terminate your participation in the plan at any time by providing written notice to us. For your termination to be effective for a particular distribution, we must have received your notice of termination at least four business days prior to the last business day of the month to which the distribution relates; provided that, if we announce a new offering price for shares under the DRP, then you shall have no less than two business days after the date of such announcement to notify us in writing of your termination of participation in the DRP and your termination will be effective for the next date shares are purchased under the DRP. |
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• | If you participate in the DRP, you will be deemed to have received, and for income tax purposes will be taxed on, the amount reinvested in shares of our common stock to the extent the amount reinvested was not a tax-free return of capital. In addition, you will be treated for tax purposes as having received an additional distribution to the extent you purchased the shares at a discount to fair market value, if any. |
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• | We are not required to provide you with a liquidity event by a specified date or at all. No public market currently exists for our shares, and we have no plans to list our shares on a national securities exchange. If you are able to sell your shares, you would likely have to sell them at a substantial discount from the price you paid to acquire the shares. |
Investing in our common stock involves a substantial degree of risk. You should purchase these securities only if you can afford a complete loss of your investment. The use of projections or forecasts in this offering is prohibited. No one is permitted to make any predictions about the cash benefits or tax consequences you will receive from your investment. Before making an investment decision, you should carefully consider the specific risks set forth under the caption “Risk Factors” under Item 1A of Part I of our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K and under Item 1A of Part II of our most recent Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, as the same may be updated from time to time by future filings under the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, which are incorporated by reference into this prospectus.
Neither the SEC, the Attorney General of the State of New York nor any other state securities regulator has approved or disapproved of our common stock, determined if this prospectus is truthful or complete or passed on or endorsed the merits of this offering. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
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| Price to Public* | | Selling Commissions and Dealer Manager Fees | Net Proceeds (Before Expenses) |
Distribution Reinvestment Plan | | | | | | | | |
Per Share | $ | 8.75 |
| | $ | 0.00 | | $ | 8.75 |
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Total Maximum | $ | 800,000,000.00 |
| | $ | 0.00 | | $ | 800,000,000.00 |
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* | We will adjust the offering price of the DRP shares during the course of this offering when we announce an updated estimated NAV per share of our common stock. |
The date of this prospectus is November 17, 2017.
SUITABILITY STANDARDS
The shares we are offering through this prospectus are suitable only as a long-term investment for persons of adequate financial means and who have no need for liquidity in this investment. Because there is no public market for our shares, you will have difficulty selling your shares.
In consideration of these factors, we have established suitability standards for investors in this offering. These suitability standards require that investors in our shares have either:
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• | a net worth of at least $250,000; or |
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• | gross annual income of at least $70,000 and a net worth of at least $70,000. |
In addition, the states listed below have established additional suitability requirements that are more stringent than ours and investors in these states are directed to the additional suitability standards:
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• | Oregon - Investors must have a liquid net worth of at least ten times their investment in us and our affiliates. |
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• | California - Investors must have either (i) a net worth of at least $350,000 or (ii) a gross annual income of at least $70,000 and a net worth of at least $150,000. In addition, California investors must have a net worth of at least ten times their investment in us. |
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• | Ohio - Investors must have a liquid net worth of at least ten times their investment in us, our affiliates and other non-traded real estate investment trusts. |
For purposes of determining the suitability of an investor, net worth in all cases should be calculated excluding the value of an investor’s home, home furnishings and automobiles and liquid net worth is defined as that portion of an investor’s net worth that consists of cash, cash equivalents and readily marketable investments. In the case of sales to fiduciary accounts, these suitability standards must be met by the fiduciary account, by the person who directly or indirectly supplied the funds for the purchase of the shares if such person is the fiduciary or by the beneficiary of the account.
Our sponsor, those selling shares on our behalf and participating broker-dealers and registered investment advisers recommending the purchase of shares in this offering must make every reasonable effort to determine that the purchase of shares in this offering is a suitable and appropriate investment for each stockholder based on information provided by the stockholder regarding the stockholder’s financial situation and investment objectives. See “Plan of Distribution-Suitability Standards” for a detailed discussion of the determinations regarding suitability that we require.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD‑LOOKING STATEMENTS
This prospectus contains forward-looking statements about our business, including, in particular, statements about our plans, strategies and objectives. Those statements include statements regarding the intent, belief or current expectations of KBS Growth & Income REIT, Inc. and members of our management team, as well as the assumptions on which such statements are based, and generally are identified by the use of words such as “may,” “will,” “seeks,” “anticipates,” “believes,” “estimates,” “expects,” “plans,” “intends,” “should” or similar expressions. You should not rely on these forward-looking statements because the matters they describe are subject to known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other unpredictable factors, many of which are beyond our control. Our actual results, performance and achievements may be materially different from those expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. Further, forward-looking statements speak only as of the date they are made, and we undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements to reflect new information, changed assumptions, the occurrence of unanticipated events or changes to future operating results over time, unless required by law.
The following are some of the risks and uncertainties, although not all of the risks and uncertainties, that could cause our actual results to differ materially from those presented in our forward-looking statements:
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• | We commenced investment operations on August 12, 2015 in connection with the acquisition of our first office property and we have a limited operating history. |
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• | We depend on KBS Capital Advisors LLC (“KBS Capital Advisors”), our external advisor, and its affiliates to select and manage our investments and conduct our operations. We pay fees to our advisor in connection with the management of our investments that are based on the cost of the investment, not on the quality of the investment or services rendered to us. These fees decrease the amount of cash available for distribution to our stockholders. |
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• | All of our executive officers, our affiliated directors and other key professionals are also officers, affiliated directors, managers, key professionals and/or holders of a direct or indirect controlling interest in our advisor and/or other KBS-affiliated entities. As a result, they face conflicts of interest, including significant conflicts created by our advisor’s and its affiliates’ compensation arrangements with us and other KBS-sponsored programs and KBS-advised investors and conflicts in allocating time among us and these other programs and investors. These conflicts could result in action or inaction that is not in the best interests of our stockholders. |
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• | If we are unable to acquire a diverse portfolio of real estate investments, the value of an investment in us may vary more widely with the performance of specific assets and cause our general and administrative expenses to constitute a greater percentage of our revenue which will increase our stockholders’ risk of loss. |
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• | Because investment opportunities that are suitable for us may also be suitable for other KBS-sponsored programs or KBS-advised investors, our advisor and its affiliates face conflicts of interest relating to the purchase of properties and such conflicts may not be resolved in our favor, meaning that we could invest in less attractive assets, which could reduce the investment return to our stockholders. |
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• | We may fund distributions from any source including, without limitation, offering proceeds or borrowings. Until the proceeds from our offering stage are fully invested and from time to time during our operational stage, we expect to use proceeds from financings, either from our advisor or a third-party, to fund at least a portion of distributions in anticipation of cash flow to be received in later periods. We may also fund distributions from the sale of assets. As of September 30, 2017, some of our distributions paid had been funded with advances from our advisor and debt financing. Distributions funded from sources other than our cash flow from operations will result in dilution to subsequent investors, reduce funds available for investment and may reduce the overall return to our stockholders. |
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• | Our policies do not limit us from incurring debt until our aggregate borrowings would exceed 75% of the cost of our tangible assets, and we may exceed this limit with the approval of the conflicts committee of our board of directors. To the extent financing in excess of this limit is available on attractive terms, our conflicts committee may approve debt such that our aggregate borrowings would exceed this limit. High debt levels could limit the amount of cash we have available to distribute and could result in a decline in the value of our stockholders’ investment in us. We have debt obligations with variable interest rates and may incur additional variable rate debt in the future. The interest and related payments will vary with the movement of LIBOR or other indexes. Increases in the indexes could increase the amount of our debt payments and limit our ability to pay distributions to our stockholders. |
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• | We may not be able to obtain debt on attractive terms to finance our acquisitions or refinance our existing debt obligations. As such, we may be forced to use a greater proportion of our offering proceeds to finance acquisitions, reducing the number of acquisitions we would otherwise make, and/or to dispose of some of our assets. |
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• | We depend on tenants for the revenue generated by our real estate investments and, accordingly, the revenue generated by our real estate investments is dependent upon the success and economic viability of our tenants. Revenues from our properties could decrease due to a reduction in occupancy (caused by factors including, but not limited to, tenant defaults, tenant insolvency, early termination of tenant leases and non-renewal of existing tenant leases) and/or lower rental rates, making it more difficult for us to meet any debt service obligations we have incurred and limiting our ability to pay distributions to our stockholders. In addition, any real estate investments we make may be affected by unfavorable real estate market and general economic conditions, which could decrease the value of those assets and reduce the investment return to our stockholders. Revenues from our real estate properties could decrease. Disruptions in the financial markets and uncertain economic conditions could adversely affect our ability to implement our business strategy. These events could in turn make it more difficult for us to meet debt service obligations and limit our ability to pay distributions to and generate returns for our stockholders. |
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• | We cannot predict with any certainty how much DRP proceeds will be available for general corporate purposes including, but not limited to: the repurchase of shares under our share redemption program; capital expenditures, tenant improvement costs and leasing costs related to our real estate properties; reserves required by any financings of our real estate investments; the acquisition of real estate investments; and the repayment of debt. If such funds are not available from the DRP offering, then we may have to use a greater proportion of our cash flow from operations to meet these cash requirements, which would reduce cash available for distributions and could limit our ability to redeem shares under our share redemption program. |
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• | We are not required to provide our stockholders with a liquidity event by a specified date or at all. No public market currently exists for our shares of common stock. In addition, our charter prohibits the ownership of more than 9.8% of our stock, unless exempted by our board of directors, which may inhibit large investors from purchasing our stockholders’ shares. Our shares cannot be readily sold and, if our stockholders are able to sell their shares, they would likely have to sell them at a loss and our stockholders will have to bear the financial risk of this investment for an indefinite period of time. |
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• | The offering price for our shares of common stock in this offering is the per share estimate of the net value of our assets and liabilities as of June 30, 2017. The offering price is not based on any public trading market. We will adjust the offering price during the course of this offering when we announce an updated estimated NAV per share of our common stock. We currently expect to update the estimated NAV per share annually in December. |
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• | The appraisal methodology used by Duff & Phelps, LLC (“Duff & Phelps”) in its appraisal of our three properties owned as of June 30, 2017 (the “Appraised Properties”) assumes the properties realize the projected net operating income and expected exit cap rates and that investors would be willing to invest in such properties at yields equal to the expected discount rates. Though the appraisals of the Appraised Properties, with respect to Duff & Phelps, and the valuation estimates used in calculating the estimated NAV per share, with respect to Duff & Phelps, our advisor and us, are the respective party’s best estimates as of June 30, 2017, we can give no assurance in this regard. Even small changes to these assumptions could result in significant differences in the appraised values of the Appraised Properties and the estimated NAV per share. |
For a discussion of the risks and uncertainties that we believe are material to our business, operating results, prospects and financial condition, you should carefully review the risk factors disclosed under Item 1A of Part I of our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K and under Item 1A of Part II of our most recent Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, and any updated risk factors contained in future filings we make under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”).
PROSPECTUS SUMMARY
This summary highlights material information about this offering. Because it is a summary, it may not contain all of the information that is important to you. To understand this offering fully, you should read the entire prospectus carefully and the information incorporated by reference herein, including the financial statements, before making a decision to participate in the DRP. As used herein, the terms “we,” “our,” and “us” refer to KBS Growth & Income REIT, Inc. and, as required, its subsidiaries.
What is KBS Growth & Income REIT, Inc.?
KBS Growth & Income REIT, Inc. is a Maryland corporation that elected to qualify as a real estate investment trust, or REIT, beginning with the taxable year ended December 31, 2015 and we intend to continue to operate in such manner. We commenced investment operations on August 12, 2015 in connection with the acquisition of our first office property. We expect to acquire and manage a diverse portfolio of core real estate properties. As of November 10, 2017, we owned four office buildings with an aggregate cost basis of $183.4 million.
We expect to make some of our investments through a KBS-sponsored REIT, KBS Growth & Income Venture Fund, Inc. (“KBS Growth & Income Venture Fund”), in which we will be the majority stockholder. KBS Growth & Income Venture Fund is a newly organized Maryland corporation that intends to qualify as a real estate investment trust beginning with the taxable year ending December 31, 2018. KBS Growth & Income Venture Fund has identical investment objectives to ours. We expect KBS Growth & Income Venture Fund to have the same officers and directors as us, as well as to engage KBS Capital Advisors LLC to act as its external advisor.
We were incorporated in the State of Maryland on January 12, 2015. On June 11, 2015, we commenced a private placement offering exempt from registration under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”). Pursuant to private placement offering, we offered up to $105,000,000 in shares of our Class A common stock for sale to certain accredited investors, of which $5,000,000 of Class A shares were offered pursuant to the private placement offering distribution reinvestment plan. We ceased offering shares in the primary portion of the private placement offering on April 27, 2016 and processed subscriptions for the primary private placement offering dated on or prior to April 27, 2016 through May 30, 2016. We sold 8,548,972 shares of Class A common stock for gross offering proceeds of $76.8 million in the private placement offering, including 74,744 shares of Class A common stock under the private placement offering distribution reinvestment plan for gross offering proceeds of $0.7 million.
We commenced an initial public offering on April 28, 2016. We registered up to an aggregate of $1,500,000,000 in shares of our Class A and Class T common stock for sale to the public in our primary initial public offering. We also registered up to an aggregate of $800,000,000 in shares of our Class A and Class T common stock pursuant to the DRP. We terminated our primary initial public offering effective June 30, 2017. We sold 122,721 and 270,415 shares of Class A and Class T common stock in our primary initial public offering for aggregate gross offering proceeds of $3.9 million. As of November 10, 2017, we had sold an aggregate of 344,868 shares of common stock under the DRP for aggregate gross proceeds of $3.3 million and, accordingly, there was an aggregate of $796.7 million in shares of our Class A and Class T common stock available for sale under the DRP.
On October 3, 2017, we launched a private offering exempt from registration pursuant to Rule 506(c) of Regulation D promulgated under the Securities Act for the sale of up to $500,000,000 in shares of our Class A common stock to accredited investors as defined in the Securities Act and Regulation D.
We are an “emerging growth company” under federal securities laws. Our advisor conducts our operations and manages our portfolio of real estate investments. We have no paid employees.
Our office is located at 800 Newport Center Drive, Suite 700, Newport Beach, California 92660. Our telephone number is (949) 417-6500 and our fax number is (949) 417-6501.
What is the DRP?
We are offering an aggregate of $800,000,000 in shares of our Class A and Class T common stock to our existing stockholders under the DRP. Excluding distributions that our board of directors designates as ineligible for reinvestment under the DRP, we will apply that portion (as designated by a stockholder participating in the DRP) of the distributions declared and paid in respect of a such participant’s shares of any class of our common stock to the purchase of additional shares for such participant. Purchases will be in the same class of shares as the shares for which such participant received the distributions that are being reinvested.
The current offering price of shares under the DRP is $8.75 per share. This offering price is equal to the estimated NAV per share of our common stock as established by our board of directors on August 9, 2017. See “Determination of Estimated Net Asset Value Per Share.” We will adjust the offering price of the DRP shares during the course of this offering when we announce an updated estimated NAV per share of our common stock. We currently expect to update the estimated NAV per share annually in December.
No selling commissions or dealer manager fees are payable on shares sold under the DRP.
We may continue to offer shares under the DRP until we have sold up to an aggregate of $800,000,000 in shares of our Class A and Class T common stock through the reinvestment of distributions. In some states, we will need to renew the registration of our shares annually to continue the DRP offering.
We may amend or terminate the DRP for any reason at any time upon ten days’ notice to participants. We may provide notice by including such information (i) in a Current Report on Form 8-K or in our annual or quarterly reports, all publicly filed with the SEC or (ii) in a separate mailing to the participants.
How did you determine the offering price?On August 9, 2017, our board of directors approved an estimated NAV per share of our common stock of $8.75 based on the estimated value of our assets less the estimated value of our liabilities, or NAV, divided by the number of shares outstanding, all as of June 30, 2017. We then set the offering price for share in the DRP as the estimated NAV per share.
The conflicts committee, composed solely of all of our independent directors, is responsible for the oversight of the valuation process used to determine the estimated NAV per share of our common stock, including the review and approval of the valuation process and methodology used to determine our estimated NAV per share, the consistency of the valuation and appraisal methodologies with real estate industry standards and practices and the reasonableness of the assumptions used in the valuations and appraisals. With the approval of the conflicts committee, we engaged Duff & Phelps, an independent third‑party real estate valuation firm, to provide a calculation of the range in estimated NAV per share of our common stock as of June 30, 2017. Duff & Phelps based this range in estimated NAV per share upon appraisals of the Appraised Properties performed by Duff & Phelps and valuations performed our advisor with respect to our cash, other assets, mortgage debt and other liabilities. Duff & Phelps prepared appraisal reports, summarizing key inputs and assumptions for each of the Appraised Properties. The methodologies and assumptions used to determine the estimated value of our assets and the estimated value of our liabilities are described further below.
Upon the conflicts committee’s receipt and review of Duff & Phelps’ valuation report, which included the appraised value of each of the Appraised Properties as noted in the appraisal reports prepared by Duff & Phelps and a summary of the estimated value of each of our other assets and liabilities as determined by our advisor and reviewed by Duff & Phelps, and in light of other factors considered by the conflicts committee and the conflicts committee’s own extensive knowledge of our assets and liabilities, the conflicts committee: (i) concluded that the range in estimated NAV per share was reasonable and (ii) recommended to our board of directors that it adopt $8.75 as the estimated NAV per share of our common stock, which mid‑range value was determined by Duff & Phelps and recommended by our advisor and which was based on Duff & Phelps’ appraisals of the Appraised Properties and valuations performed by our advisor of our cash, other assets, mortgage debt and other liabilities. Our board of directors unanimously agreed to accept the recommendation of the conflicts committee and approved $8.75 as the estimated NAV per share of our common stock, which determination is ultimately and solely the responsibility of our board of directors.
The methodologies and assumptions used to determine the estimated value of our assets and liabilities are described further below under the heading “Determination of Estimated Net Asset Value Per Share.”
As with any valuation methodology, the methodologies used are based upon a number of estimates and assumptions that may not be accurate or complete. Different parties using different assumptions and estimates could derive a different estimated NAV per share of our common stock, and these differences could be significant. In particular, due in part to our relatively small asset base and the number of shares of our common stock outstanding, even modest changes in key assumptions made in appraising our real estate properties could have a very significant impact on the estimated value of our shares. The estimated NAV per share is not audited and does not represent the fair value of our assets less the fair value of our liabilities according to GAAP, nor does it represent a liquidation value of our assets and liabilities or the price at which our shares of common stock would trade on a national securities exchange. The estimated NAV per share does not reflect a discount for the fact that we are externally managed, nor does it reflect a real estate portfolio premium/discount versus the sum of the individual property values. The estimated NAV per share also does not take into account estimated disposition costs and fees for real estate properties or debt prepayment penalties that could apply upon the prepayment of certain of our debt obligations and the impact of restrictions on the assumption of debt. The estimated value per share does not take into
consideration acquisition‑related costs and financing costs related to future acquisitions. As of June 30, 2017, we had no potentially dilutive securities outstanding that would impact the estimated net asset value per share of our common stock.
Our estimated NAV per share takes into consideration any potential liability related to a subordinated participation in cash flows our advisor is entitled to upon meeting certain stockholder return thresholds in accordance with the advisory agreement. For purposes of determining the estimated NAV per share, our advisor calculated the potential liability related to this incentive fee based on a hypothetical liquidation of our assets and liabilities at their estimated fair values, after considering the impact of any potential closing costs and fees related to the disposition of real estate properties, and determined that there would be no liability related to the subordinated participation in cash flows.
We will adjust the offering price of the DRP shares during the course of this offering when we announce an updated estimated NAV per share of our common stock. We currently expect to update the estimated NAV per share annually in December.
Who may participate in the DRP?
All of our common stockholders are eligible to participate in the DRP regardless of the offering in which they acquired their shares; however, we may elect to deny your participation in the DRP if you reside in a jurisdiction or foreign country where, in our judgment, the burden or expense of compliance with applicable securities laws makes your participation impracticable or inadvisable.
At any time prior to the listing of our shares on a national securities exchange, if ever, you must cease participation in the DRP if you no longer meet the suitability standards or cannot make the other investor representations set forth in the then-current prospectus or in the enrollment form. We request that you notify us promptly when you no longer meet these standards. See “Suitability Standards” (immediately following the cover page) and “Plan of Distribution-Suitability Standards.”
You may elect to participate in the DRP by completing an enrollment form. Your participation in the DRP will begin with the next distribution made after receipt of your enrollment form in good order.
Excluding distributions that our board of directors designates as ineligible for reinvestment under the DRP, we will apply that portion (as designated by a stockholder participating in the DRP) of the distributions declared and paid in respect of a such participant’s shares of any class of our common stock to the purchase of additional shares for such participant. Purchases will be in the same class of shares as the shares for which such participant received the distributions that are being reinvested.
What are the tax consequences of participation in the DRP?
If you elect to participate in the DRP and are subject to federal income taxation, you will incur a tax liability for distributions allocated to you even though you have elected not to receive the distributions in cash but rather to have the distributions withheld and reinvested under the DRP. Specifically, you will be treated as if you have received the distribution from us in cash and then applied such distribution to the purchase of additional shares of our common stock. In addition, to the extent you purchase shares under the DRP at a discount to their fair market value, you will be treated for tax purposes as receiving an additional distribution equal to the amount of the discount, if any. You will be taxed on the amount of the distribution as a dividend to the extent such distribution is from current or accumulated earnings and profits, unless we have designated all or a portion of the distribution as a capital gain distribution. See “Federal Income Tax Considerations-Taxation of Stockholders.” We will withhold 28% of the amount of distributions paid if you fail to furnish a valid taxpayer identification number, fail to properly report interest or distributions or fail to certify that you are not subject to withholding. See “Federal Income Tax Considerations-Backup Withholding and Information Reporting.” Because each investor’s tax considerations are different, we suggest that you consult with your tax advisor.
How will you use the proceeds raised in this offering?
No selling commissions or dealer manager fees are payable on shares sold under the DRP. We expect to use substantially all of the proceeds from the sale of shares under the DRP for general corporate purposes, including, but not limited to: the repurchase of shares under our share redemption program; capital expenditures, tenant improvement costs and leasing costs related to our real estate properties; reserves required by any financings of our real estate investments; the acquisition of real estate investments; and the repayment of debt. We cannot predict with any certainty how much, if any, of our DRP proceeds will be available for specific purposes. To the extent proceeds from the DRP are used for the acquisition of
real estate investments, sales under the DRP will result in greater fee income for our advisor because of the management fee and other fees.
What are your investment objectives?
Our primary investment objectives are to preserve and return our stockholders’ capital contribution and to provide them with attractive and stable cash distributions. We will also seek to realize growth in the value of our investments by timing asset sales to maximize asset value.
We may return all or a portion of our stockholders’ capital contribution in connection with the sale of the company or the assets we acquire. Alternatively, and while the sale of our stockholders’ shares may be difficult, our stockholders may be able to obtain a return of all or a portion of their capital contribution in connection with the sale of their shares.
We expect our board of directors to authorize and declare cash distributions based on daily record dates and to pay these distributions on a monthly basis. Distributions will be determined by our board of directors based on our financial condition and such other factors as our board of directors deems relevant. Our board of directors has not pre‑established a percentage rate of return for distributions to stockholders. We have not established a minimum distribution level, and our charter does not require that we make distributions to our stockholders.
Distributions funded from sources other than our cash flow from operations will result in dilution to subsequent investors, reduce funds available for investment in assets and may reduce the overall return to our stockholders.
Who is your advisor and what does the advisor do?
As our advisor, KBS Capital Advisors manages our day-to-day operations and our portfolio of real estate investments, all subject to the supervision of our board of directors.
Our advisor is owned and controlled by KBS Holdings LLC, our sponsor. Messrs. Bren and Schreiber and their team of real estate and debt finance professionals, acting through KBS Capital Advisors, make most of the decisions regarding the selection and the negotiation of real estate investments. KBS Capital Advisors then makes recommendations on all investments to our board of directors. Our charter provides that all proposed real estate investments must be approved by at least a majority of our board of directors, including a majority of the conflicts committee. Unless otherwise provided by our charter, the conflicts committee may approve a proposed real estate investment without action by the full board of directors if the approving members of the conflicts committee constitute at least a majority of our board of directors. KBS Capital Advisors also provides asset management, marketing, investor-relations and other administrative services on our behalf with the goal of maximizing our cash flow from operations.
Are there any special restrictions on the ownership or transfer of shares?
Yes. Our charter contains restrictions on the ownership of our shares that prevent any one person from owning more than 9.8% of our aggregate outstanding shares unless exempted by our board of directors. These restrictions are designed to enable us to comply with ownership restrictions imposed on REITs by the Internal Revenue Code (the “Code”).
When will the company seek to list its shares of common stock or liquidate its assets?
We have no plans to list our shares of common stock; however, we may seek to list our shares of common stock if our independent directors believe listing would be in the best interests of our stockholders. If we do not list our shares of common stock on a national securities exchange by April 28, 2026, our charter requires that we either:
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• | seek stockholder approval of the liquidation of the company; or |
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• | postpone the decision of whether to liquidate the company if a majority of the conflicts committee determines that liquidation is not then in the best interests of our stockholders. |
We are not, however, required to provide our stockholders a liquidity event by a specified date or at all. If a majority of the conflicts committee does determine that liquidation is not then in the best interests of our stockholders, our charter requires that the conflicts committee revisit the issue of liquidation at least annually. Further postponement of listing or stockholder action regarding liquidation would only be permitted if a majority of the conflicts committee again determined that liquidation would not be in the best interest of our stockholders. If we sought and failed to obtain stockholder approval of our liquidation, our charter would not require us to list or liquidate and would not require the conflicts committee to revisit the issue of liquidation, and we could continue to operate as before. If we sought and obtained stockholder approval of our
liquidation, we would begin an orderly sale of our assets. The precise timing of such sales would take into account the prevailing real estate and finance markets, the economic conditions in the submarkets where our properties are located and the debt markets generally as well as the federal income tax consequences to our stockholders. In making the decision to apply for listing of our shares, our directors will try to determine whether listing our shares or liquidating our assets would be more likely to result in greater benefit for stockholders. One of the factors our board of directors will consider when making this determination is the liquidity needs of our stockholders. In assessing whether to list or liquidate, our board of directors would likely engage a financial advisor to provide guidance as to the likely demand for our shares upon listing. If our board believed that after listing, it would remain difficult for stockholders to dispose of their shares, then that factor would weigh against listing, as a listing likely would not provide additional liquidity. However, this would not be the only factor considered by the board. If listing still appeared to be in the best long‑term interest of our stockholders, despite the prospects of a relatively small market for our shares upon the initial listing and limited liquidity, our board may still opt to list our shares of common stock in keeping with its obligations under Maryland law. Our board would also likely consider whether there was a large demand to sell our shares when making decisions regarding listing or liquidation. The degree of participation in our distribution reinvestment plan and the number of requests for redemptions under our share redemption program at this time could be an indicator of stockholder demand to liquidate their investment.
Will I be notified of how my investment is doing?
Yes, we will provide you with periodic updates on the performance of your investment in us, including:
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• | detailed quarterly distribution reports; |
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• | three quarterly financial reports. |
We will provide this information to you via one or more of the following methods, in our discretion and with your consent, if necessary: U.S. mail or other courier; facsimile; electronic delivery.
When will I get my detailed tax information?
Your Form 1099-DIV tax information, if required, will be distributed to you by January 31 of each year.
Where can I find more information about KBS Growth & Income REIT, Inc.?
We are required to file annual, quarterly and current reports and other information with the SEC. SEC rules allow us to incorporate by reference information into this prospectus. By incorporating by reference, we are disclosing important information to you by referring you to another document that we have filed separately with the SEC. The information incorporated by reference is deemed to be part of this prospectus, except for information incorporated by reference that is superseded by information contained in this prospectus. Further, any reports filed by us with the SEC after the date of this prospectus and before the date that the offering of the securities by means of this prospectus is terminated will automatically update and, where applicable, supersede any information contained in this prospectus or incorporated by reference in this prospectus. See “Incorporation of Certain Information by Reference” and “Where You Can Find More Information.”
RISK FACTORS
An investment in our common stock involves various risks and uncertainties. For a discussion of the risks and uncertainties that we believe are material to our business, operating results, prospects and financial condition, you should carefully review the risk factors disclosed under Item 1A of Part I of our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K and under Item 1A of Part II of our most recent Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, and any updated risk factors contained in future filings we make under the Exchange Act, which are incorporated by reference into this prospectus, as amended and supplemented. These risks can adversely affect our business, operating results, prospects and financial condition. This could cause the value of our common stock to decline and could cause you to lose all or part of your investment.
ESTIMATED USE OF PROCEEDS
We expect to use substantially all of the net proceeds from the sale of shares under the DRP for general corporate purposes, including, but not limited to: the repurchase of shares under our share redemption program; capital expenditures, tenant improvement costs and leasing costs related to our real estate properties; reserves required by any financings of our real estate investments; the acquisition of real estate investments; and the repayment of debt. We cannot predict with any certainty how much, if any, DRP proceeds will be available for specific purposes. To the extent proceeds from the DRP are used for the acquisition of real estate investments, sales under the DRP will result in greater fee income for our advisor because of fees payable to our advisor related to our investments.
DETERMINATION OF ESTIMATED NET ASSET VALUE PER SHARE
On August 9, 2017, our board of directors approved an estimated NAV per share of our common stock of $8.75 based on the estimated value of our assets less the estimated value of our liabilities, or NAV, divided by the number of shares outstanding, all as of June 30, 2017. We then set the offering price for shares in the DRP as the estimated NAV per share.
Our conflicts committee, composed solely of all of our independent directors, is responsible for the oversight of the valuation process used to determine the estimated NAV per share of our common stock, including the review and approval of the valuation process and methodology used to determine our estimated NAV per share, the consistency of the valuation and appraisal methodologies with real estate industry standards and practices, and the reasonableness of the assumptions used in the valuations and appraisals. With the approval of our conflicts committee, we engaged Duff & Phelps, an independent third-party real estate valuation firm, to provide a calculation of the range in estimated NAV per share of our common stock as of June 30, 2017. Duff & Phelps based this range in estimated NAV per share upon appraisals of our three real estate properties owned as of June 30, 2017 performed by Duff & Phelps and valuations performed by our advisor with respect to our cash, other assets, mortgage debt and other liabilities. The appraisal reports Duff & Phelps prepared summarized the key inputs and assumptions involved in the appraisal of each of the Appraised Properties. Duff & Phelps’ valuation was designed to follow the prescribed methodologies of the IPA Valuation Guidelines. The methodologies and assumptions used to determine the estimated value of our assets and the estimated value of our liabilities are described further below.
Upon the conflicts committee’s receipt and review of Duff & Phelps’ valuation report, which included the appraised value of each of the Appraised Properties as noted in the appraisal reports prepared by Duff & Phelps and a summary of the estimated value of each of our other assets and liabilities as determined by our advisor and reviewed by Duff & Phelps, and in light of other factors considered by the conflicts committee and the conflicts committee’s own extensive knowledge of our assets and liabilities, the conflicts committee: (i) concluded that the range in estimated NAV per share of $8.01 to $9.53, with a mid‑range value of $8.75 per share, as indicated in Duff & Phelps’ valuation report and recommended by our advisor, which mid‑range value was based on Duff & Phelps’ appraisals of the Appraised Properties and valuations performed by our advisor of our cash, other assets, mortgage debt and other liabilities, was reasonable and (ii) recommended to our board of directors that it adopt $8.75 as the estimated NAV per share of our common stock, which mid‑range value was determined by Duff & Phelps and recommended by our advisor and which was based on Duff & Phelps’ appraisals of the Appraised Properties and valuations performed by our advisor of our cash, other assets, mortgage debt and other liabilities. Our board of directors unanimously agreed to accept the recommendation of the conflicts committee and approved $8.75 as the estimated NAV per share of our common stock, which determination is ultimately and solely the responsibility of our board of directors.
The table below sets forth the calculation of our estimated NAV per share as of August 9, 2017. Duff & Phelps was not responsible for establishing the estimated NAV per share as of August 9, 2017.
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Real estate properties | $ | 16.08 |
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Cash | 0.94 |
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Other assets | 0.04 |
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Mortgage debt | (7.86 | ) |
Other liabilities | (0.45 | ) |
Estimated NAV per share | 8.75 |
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Estimated enterprise value premium | None assumed |
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Total estimated NAV per share | $ | 8.75 |
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As of June 30, 2017, we had sold 9,353,910 shares of common stock in our initial private offering, separate private transactions and our initial public offering, including pursuant to our distribution reinvestment plan, at an average price of approximately $9.05 per share. The table below summarizes the significant factors that explain the difference between the average price at which we sold shares of our common stock and our estimated NAV per share. The changes below reflect, among other changes through June 30, 2017: the impact of various organization and offering costs related to our initial private offering and our initial public offering through June 30, 2017; acquisition-related costs and expenses; distributions; and the changes in the fair value of our assets since acquisition and our liabilities since incurrence.
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| Estimated Value | | Calculation of Estimated Value per Share |
| (in thousands) | | |
Average offering price (1) | $ | 83,560 |
| | $ | 9.05 |
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Offering costs | (6,983 | ) | | (0.76 | ) |
Net offering proceeds | 76,577 |
| | 8.29 |
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Changes due to acquisition related costs, distributions and stockholder servicing fees | | | |
Acquisition-related costs | (3,301 | ) | | (0.36 | ) |
Deferred financing costs | (1,823 | ) | | (0.20 | ) |
Cash distributions declared and stockholder servicing fees in excess of operating cash flow | (3,301 | ) | | (0.36 | ) |
Total changes due to acquisition related costs, cash distributions and stockholder servicing fees | (8,425 | ) | | (0.92 | ) |
Changes to fair value of real estate | | | |
Real estate | 14,089 |
| | 1.53 |
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Capital expenditures on real estate | (459 | ) | | (0.04 | ) |
Total changes to fair value of real estate | 13,630 |
| | 1.49 |
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Changes to fair value of other assets and liabilities | | | |
Other changes, net (2) | 62 |
| | — |
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Total changes to fair value of other assets and liabilities | 62 |
| | — |
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Stock distributions declared | — |
| | (0.11 | ) |
| $ | 81,844 |
| | $ | 8.75 |
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_____________________(1) Average offering price presented is calculated based on the number of shares issued and outstanding as of June 30, 2017. Through June 30, 2017, we had sold 9,353,910 shares of common stock in our initial private offering, separate private transactions, and our initial public offering for gross offering proceeds of $83.6 million, or an average of $9.05 per share. This includes 314,956 shares of common stock sold under our distribution reinvestment plan for gross offering proceeds of $3.0 million, or an average of $9.67 per share and reflects redemptions as of June 30, 2017 of 7,602 shares for $0.1 million, or an average of $8.50 per share.
(2) “Other changes, net” consists of various unrelated insignificant items.
As with any valuation methodology, the methodologies used are based upon a number of estimates and assumptions that may not be accurate or complete. Different parties using different assumptions and estimates could derive a different estimated NAV per share of our common stock, and these differences could be significant. In particular, due in part to our relatively small asset base and the number of shares of our common stock outstanding, even modest changes in key assumptions made in appraising our real estate properties could have a very significant impact on the estimated value of our shares. See the discussion under “Real Estate - Real Estate Valuation” below. The estimated NAV per share is not audited and does not represent the fair value of our assets less the fair value of our liabilities according to GAAP, nor does it represent a liquidation value of our assets and liabilities or the price at which our shares of common stock would trade on a national securities exchange. The estimated NAV per share does not reflect a discount for the fact that we are externally managed, nor does it reflect a real estate portfolio premium/discount versus the sum of the individual property values. The estimated NAV per share also does not take into account estimated disposition costs and fees for real estate properties, debt prepayment penalties that could apply upon the prepayment of certain of our debt obligations and the impact of restrictions on the assumption of debt. The estimated NAV per share does not take into consideration acquisition‑related costs and financing costs related to future acquisitions. As of June 30, 2017, we had no potentially dilutive securities outstanding that would impact the estimated NAV per share of our common stock.
Our estimated NAV per share takes into consideration any potential liability related to a subordinated participation in cash flows our advisor is entitled to upon meeting certain stockholder return thresholds in accordance with the advisory agreement. For purposes of determining the estimated NAV per share, our advisor calculated the potential liability related to this incentive fee based on a hypothetical liquidation of our assets and liabilities at their estimated fair values, after considering the impact of any potential closing costs and fees related to the disposition of real estate properties, and determined that there would be no liability related to the subordinated participation in cash flows.
Methodology
Our goal for the valuation was to arrive at a reasonable and supportable estimated NAV per share, using a process that was designed to be in compliance with the IPA Valuation Guidelines and using what we and our advisor deemed to be appropriate valuation methodologies and assumptions. The following is a summary of the valuation and appraisal methodologies, assumptions and estimates used to value our assets and liabilities:
Real Estate
Independent Valuation Firm
Duff & Phelps(1) was selected by our advisor and approved by our conflicts committee and board of directors to appraise each of the Appraised Properties and to provide a calculation of the range in estimated NAV per share of our common stock as of August 9, 2017. Duff & Phelps is engaged in the business of appraising commercial real estate properties and is not affiliated with us or our advisor. The compensation we paid to Duff & Phelps was based on the scope of work and not on the appraised values of the Appraised Properties. The appraisals were performed in accordance with the Code of Ethics and the Uniform Standards of Professional Appraisal Practice, or USPAP, the real estate appraisal industry standards created by The Appraisal Foundation, as well as the requirements of the state where each real property is located. Each appraisal was reviewed, approved and signed by an individual with the professional designation of MAI (Member of the Appraisal Institute). The use of the reports is subject to the requirements of the Appraisal Institute relating to review by its duly authorized representatives.
Duff & Phelps collected all reasonably available material information that it deemed relevant in appraising the Appraised Properties. Duff & Phelps obtained property‑level information from our advisor, including (i) property historical and projected operating revenues and expenses; (ii) property lease agreements; and (iii) information regarding recent or planned capital expenditures. Duff & Phelps reviewed and relied in part on the property‑level information provided by our advisor and considered this information in light of its knowledge of each property’s specific market conditions.
In conducting its investigation and analyses, Duff & Phelps took into account customary and accepted financial and commercial procedures and considerations as it deemed relevant. Although Duff & Phelps reviewed information supplied or otherwise made available by us or our advisor for reasonableness, it assumed and relied upon the accuracy and completeness of all such information and of all information supplied or otherwise made available to it by any other party and did not independently verify any such information. With respect to operating or financial forecasts and other information and data provided to or otherwise reviewed by or discussed with Duff & Phelps, Duff & Phelps assumed that such forecasts and other information and data were reasonably prepared in good faith on bases reflecting the best currently available estimates and judgments of our management and/or our advisor. Duff & Phelps relied on us to advise it promptly if any information previously provided became inaccurate or was required to be updated during the period of its review.
In performing its analyses, Duff & Phelps made numerous other assumptions as of various points in time with respect to industry performance, general business, economic and regulatory conditions and other matters, many of which are beyond its and our control, as well as certain factual matters. For example, unless specifically informed to the contrary, Duff & Phelps assumed that we had clear and marketable title to each of the Appraised Properties, that no title defects existed, that any improvements were made in accordance with law, that no hazardous materials were present or had been present previously, that no deed restrictions existed, and that no changes to zoning ordinances or regulations governing use, density or shape were pending or being considered. Furthermore, Duff & Phelps’ analyses, opinions and conclusions were necessarily based upon market, economic, financial and other circumstances and conditions existing as of or prior to the date of the appraisals, and any material change in such circumstances and conditions may affect Duff & Phelps’ analyses and conclusions. Duff & Phelps’ appraisal reports contain other assumptions, qualifications and limitations that qualify the analyses, opinions and conclusions set forth therein. Furthermore, the prices at which the Appraised Properties may actually be sold could differ from their appraised values.
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(1) Duff & Phelps is actively engaged in the business of appraising commercial real estate properties similar to those owned by us in connection with public securities offerings, private placements, business combinations and similar transactions. We engaged Duff & Phelps to prepare appraisal reports for each of the Appraised Properties and to provide a calculation of the range in estimated NAV per share of our common stock and Duff & Phelps received fees upon the delivery of such reports and the calculation of the range in estimated NAV per share of our common stock. In addition, we have agreed to indemnify Duff & Phelps against certain liabilities arising out of this engagement. In the two years prior to the date of this filing, Duff & Phelps and its affiliates have provided a number of commercial real estate, appraisal, valuation and financial advisory services for our affiliates and have received fees in connection with such services. Duff & Phelps and its affiliates may from time to time in the future perform other commercial real estate, appraisal, valuation and financial advisory services for us and our affiliates in transactions related to the properties that are the subjects of the appraisals, so long as such other services do not adversely affect the independence of the applicable Duff & Phelps appraiser as certified in the applicable appraisal report.
Although Duff & Phelps considered any comments to its appraisal reports received from us or our advisor, the appraised values of the Appraised Properties were determined by Duff & Phelps. The appraisal reports for the Appraised Properties are addressed solely to us to assist in the calculation of the range in estimated NAV per share of our common stock. The appraisal reports are not addressed to the public and may not be relied upon by any other person to establish an estimated NAV per share of our common stock and do not constitute a recommendation to any person to purchase or sell any shares of our common stock. In preparing its appraisal reports, Duff & Phelps did not solicit third‑party indications of interest for the Appraised Properties. In preparing its appraisal reports and in calculating the range in estimated NAV per share of our common stock, Duff & Phelps did not, and was not requested to, solicit third‑party indications of interest for our common stock in connection with possible purchases thereof or the acquisition of all or any part of our company.
The foregoing is a summary of the standard assumptions, qualifications and limitations that generally apply to Duff & Phelps’ appraisal reports. All of the Duff & Phelps appraisal reports, including the analyses, opinions and conclusions set forth in such reports, are qualified by the assumptions, qualifications and limitations set forth in the respective appraisal reports.
Real Estate Valuation
Duff & Phelps appraised each of the Appraised Properties using various methodologies including the direct capitalization approach, discounted cash flow analyses and sales comparison approach and relied primarily on 10‑year discounted cash flow analyses for the final appraisal of each of the Appraised Properties. Duff & Phelps calculated the discounted cash flow value of each of the Appraised Properties using property‑level cash flow estimates, terminal capitalization rates and discount rates that fall within ranges it believes would be used by similar investors to value the Appraised Properties, based on recent comparable market transactions adjusted for unique properties and market‑specific factors.
As of June 30, 2017, the Appraised Properties consisted of three office buildings, which were acquired for a total purchase price of $136.3 million, exclusive of acquisition fees and acquisition expenses of $3.3 million, in which we had invested $0.5 million in capital and tenant improvements. As of June 30, 2017, the total appraised value of the Appraised Properties as provided by Duff & Phelps using the appraisal methods described above was $150.4 million. The total appraised value of the Appraised Properties as of June 30, 2017, compared to the total acquisition cost of the Appraised Properties plus subsequent capital improvements through June 30, 2017, results in an overall increase in the value of the Appraised Properties of approximately 10.0%.
The following table summarizes the key assumptions that were used in the discounted cash flow analyses to arrive at the appraised value of the Appraised Properties:
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| Range in Values | | Weighted-Average Basis |
Terminal capitalization rate | 5.5% to 7.5% | | 6.3% |
Discount rate | 7.5% to 8.25% | | 7.88% |
Net operating income compounded annual growth rate (1) | 3.98% to 6.33% | | 5.32% |
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(1) The net operating income compounded annual growth rates (“CAGRs”) reflect both the contractual and market rents and reimbursements (in cases where the contractual lease period is less than the hold period of the property) net of expenses over the holding period. The range of CAGRs shown is the constant annual rate at which the net operating income is projected to grow to reach the net operating income in the final year of the hold period for each of the properties.
While we believe that Duff & Phelps’ assumptions and inputs are reasonable, a change in these assumptions and inputs would significantly impact the appraised value of the Appraised Properties and thus, our estimated NAV per share. The table below illustrates the impact on our estimated NAV per share if the terminal capitalization rates or discount rates Duff & Phelps used to appraise the Appraised Properties were adjusted by 25 basis points, assuming all other factors remain unchanged. Additionally, the table below illustrates the impact on our estimated NAV per share if these terminal capitalization rates or discount rates were adjusted by 5% in accordance with the IPA Valuation Guidelines, assuming all other factors remain unchanged:
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| Increase (Decrease) on the Estimated NAV per Share due to |
| Decrease of 25 basis points | | Increase of 25 basis points | | Decrease of 5% | | Increase of 5% |
Terminal capitalization rate | $ | 0.46 |
| | $ | (0.43 | ) | | $ | 0.55 |
| | $ | (0.53 | ) |
Discount Rate | 0.31 |
| | (0.30 | ) | | 0.49 |
| | (0.49 | ) |
Finally, a 1% increase in the appraised value of the Appraised Properties would result in a $0.16 increase in our estimated NAV per share and a 1% decrease in the appraised value of the Appraised Properties would result in a decrease of $0.16 to our estimated NAV per share, assuming all other factors remain unchanged.
Notes Payable
The estimated values of our notes payable are equal to the GAAP fair values disclosed in our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended June 30, 2017, but do not equal the book value of the loans in accordance with GAAP. Our advisor estimated the values of our notes payable using a discounted cash flow analysis. The discounted cash flow analysis was based on projected cash flow over the remaining loan terms, including extensions we expect to exercise, and management’s estimates of current market interest rates for instruments with similar characteristics, including remaining loan term, loan‑to‑value ratio and type of collateral.
As of June 30, 2017, the GAAP fair value and carrying value (excluding unamortized deferred financing costs of $1.1 million) of our notes payable were $73.5 million and $73.5 million, respectively. The weighted‑average discount rate applied to the future estimated debt payments, which have a weighted‑average remaining term of 3.3 years, was approximately 3.85%.
The table below illustrates the impact on our estimated NAV per share if the discount rates our advisor used to value our notes payable were adjusted by 25 basis points, assuming all other factors remain unchanged. Additionally, the table below illustrates the impact on our estimated NAV per share if these discount rates were adjusted by 5% in accordance with the IPA Valuation Guidelines, assuming all other factors remain unchanged:
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| Increase (Decrease) on the Estimated NAV per Share due to |
| Decrease of 25 basis points | | Increase of 25 basis points | | Decrease of 5% | | Increase of 5% |
Discount Rate | $ | (0.06 | ) | | $ | 0.06 |
| | $ | (0.05 | ) | | $ | 0.05 |
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Other Assets and Liabilities
The carrying values of a majority of our other assets and liabilities are considered to equal their fair value due to their short maturities or liquid nature. Certain balances, such as straight‑line rent receivables, lease intangible assets and liabilities, deferred financing costs, unamortized lease commissions and unamortized lease incentives, have been eliminated for the purpose of the valuation due to the fact that the value of those balances was already considered in the valuation of the related asset or liability. Our advisor has also excluded redeemable common stock as temporary equity does not represent a true liability to us and the shares that this amount represents are included in our total outstanding shares of common stock for purposes of determining our estimated NAV per share.
Limitations of Estimated NAV per Share
As with any valuation methodology, the methodologies used are based upon a number of estimates and assumptions that may not be accurate or complete. Different parties with different assumptions and estimates could derive a different estimated NAV per share, and these differences could be significant. The estimated NAV per share is not audited and does not represent the fair value of our assets less the fair value of our liabilities according to GAAP.
Accordingly, with respect to our estimated NAV per share, we can give no assurance that:
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• | a stockholder would be able to resell his or her shares at our estimated NAV per share; |
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• | a stockholder would ultimately realize distributions per share equal to our estimated NAV per share upon liquidation of our assets and settlement of our liabilities or a sale of the company; |
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• | our shares of common stock would trade at our estimated NAV per share on a national securities exchange; |
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• | a third party would offer our estimated NAV per share in an arm’s‑length transaction to purchase all or substantially all of our shares of common stock; |
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• | another independent third‑party appraiser or third‑party valuation firm would agree with our estimated NAV per share; or |
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• | the methodology used to determine our estimated NAV per share would be acceptable to the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority or for compliance with ERISA reporting requirements. |
Further, our estimated NAV per share is based on the estimated value of our assets less the estimated value of our liabilities, divided by the number of shares outstanding, all as of June 30, 2017. As of June 30, 2017, we had 9,079,039 and 274,871 shares of common stock issued and outstanding of Class A and Class T common stock, respectively. We did not make any adjustments to our estimated NAV subsequent to June 30, 2017, including, adjustments relating to the following, among others: (i) the issuance of common stock and the payment of related offering costs; (ii) net operating income earned and distributions declared; and (iii) the redemption of shares. The value of our shares will fluctuate over time in response to developments related to future investments, the performance of individual assets in our portfolio and the management of those assets and the real estate and finance markets. We estimated NAV per share does not reflect a discount for the fact that we are externally managed, nor does it reflect a real estate portfolio premium/discount versus the sum of the individual property values. Our estimated NAV per share does not take into account estimated disposition costs and fees for real estate properties, debt prepayment penalties that could apply upon the prepayment of certain of our debt obligations or, the impact of restrictions on the assumption of debt. The estimated NAV per share does not take into consideration acquisition‑related costs and financing costs related to future acquisitions. We currently expect to utilize our advisor and/or an independent valuation firm to update our estimated NAV per share annually in December. We cannot assure you that our estimated NAV per share will increase or that it will not decrease.
DESCRIPTION OF DISTRIBUTION REINVESTMENT PLAN
Pursuant to the DRP, you may elect to have your distributions, excluding those distributions that our board of directors designates as ineligible for reinvestment through the plan, reinvested in additional shares of our common stock, in lieu of receiving cash distributions. The following discussion summarizes the principal terms of this plan. Appendix A to this prospectus contains the full text of the DRP.
Eligibility
All of our common stockholders are eligible to participate in the DRP regardless of the offering in which they acquired their shares; however, we may elect to deny your participation in the DRP if you reside in a jurisdiction or foreign country where, in our judgment, the burden or expense of compliance with applicable securities laws makes your participation impracticable or inadvisable.
At any time prior to the listing of our shares on a national securities exchange, if ever, you must cease participation in the DRP if you no longer meet the suitability standards or cannot make the other investor representations set forth in the then-current prospectus or in the enrollment form. We request that you notify us promptly when you no longer meet these standards. See “Suitability Standards” (immediately following the cover page) and “Plan of Distribution-Suitability Standards.”
Election to Participate
You may elect to participate in the DRP by completing an enrollment form. You may choose to have all or a portion of your distributions reinvested through the DRP. Your participation in the DRP will begin with the next distribution made after receipt of your enrollment form in good order.
Excluding distributions that our board of directors designates as ineligible for reinvestment under the DRP, we will apply that portion (as designated by a stockholder participating in the DRP) of the distributions declared and paid in respect of a such participant’s shares of any class of our common stock to the purchase of additional shares for such participant. Purchases will be in the same class of shares as the shares for which such participant received the distributions that are being reinvested.
Stock Purchases
Shares will be purchased under the DRIP on the distribution payment dates. You may purchase fractional shares so that 100% of the distributions will be used to acquire shares.
Participants will acquire shares at a price equal to the estimated NAV per share of our common stock, as estimated by our board of directors from time to time. On August 9, 2017, our board of directors approved the estimated NAV per share of our common stock of $8.75 based on the estimated value of our assets less the estimated value of our liabilities, divided by the number of shares outstanding, all as of June 30, 2017. The methodologies used are based upon a number of estimates and assumptions that may not be accurate or complete. Different parties using different assumptions and estimates could derive a different estimated NAV per share of our common stock, and these differences could be significant. In particular, due in part to our relatively small asset base and the number of shares of our common stock outstanding, even modest changes in key assumptions made in appraising our real estate properties could have a very significant impact on the estimated value of our shares. See “Determination of Estimated Net Asset Value Per Share.”
Thus, we are currently offering shares under the DRP at a price of $8.75 per share. We will adjust the offering price of the DRP shares during the course of this offering when we announce an updated estimated NAV per share of our common stock. We currently expect to update the estimated NAV per share annually in December.
We may offer shares of common stock under the DRP until we have sold up to an aggregate of $800,000,000 in shares of our Class A and Class T common stock. As of November 10, 2017, we had sold an aggregate of 344,868 shares of common stock under the DRP for aggregate gross proceeds of $3.3 million and, accordingly, there was an aggregate of $796.7 million in shares of our Class A and Class T common stock available for sale under the DRP.
Account Statements
You or your designee will receive a confirmation of your purchases under the DRP no less than quarterly. Your confirmation will disclose the following information:
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• | each distribution reinvested for your account during the period; |
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• | the date of the reinvestment; |
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• | the number and price of the shares purchased by you; and |
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• | the total number of shares in your account. |
In addition, within 90 days after the end of each calendar year, we will provide you with an individualized report on your investment, including the purchase dates, purchase price, number of shares owned and the amount of distributions made in the prior year. We will also provide to all participants in the plan, without charge, all supplements to and updated versions of this prospectus, as required under applicable securities laws.
Fees and Commissions and Use of Proceeds
No selling commissions or dealer manager fees are payable on the shares sold under the DRP.
We expect to use all of the proceeds from the sale of the shares under the DRP for general corporate purposes including, but not limited to, the following:
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• | the repurchase of shares under our share redemption program; |
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• | capital expenditures, tenant improvement costs and leasing costs related to our real estate properties; |
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• | reserves required by any financings of our real estate investments; |
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• | the acquisition of real estate investments; and |
We cannot predict with any certainty how much, if any, DRP proceeds we will raise in this offering that will be available for such purposes.
Voting
You may vote all shares, including fractional shares, that you acquire under the DRP.
Tax Consequences of Participation
If you elect to participate in the DRP and are subject to federal income taxation, you will incur a tax liability for distributions allocated to you even though you have elected not to receive the distributions in cash but rather to have the distributions withheld and reinvested under the DRP. Specifically, you will be treated as if you have received the distribution from us in cash and then applied such distribution to the purchase of additional shares of our common stock. In addition, to the extent you purchase shares under the DRP at a discount to their fair market value, you will be treated for tax purposes as receiving an additional distribution equal to the amount of the discount, if any. You will be taxed on the amount of the distribution as a dividend to the extent such distribution is from current or accumulated earnings and profits, unless we have designated all or a portion of the distribution as a capital gain distribution. See “Federal Income Tax Considerations-Taxation of Stockholders.” We will withhold 28% of the amount of dividends or distributions paid if you fail to furnish a valid taxpayer identification number, fail to properly report interest or distributions or fail to certify that you are not subject to withholding. See “Federal Income Tax Considerations-Backup Withholding and Information Reporting.”
Termination of Participation
Once enrolled, you may continue to purchase shares under the DRP until we have: sold all of the shares registered in this offering; terminated this offering; or terminated the DRP. You may terminate your participation in the DRP at any time by providing us with written notice. For your termination to be effective for a particular distribution, we must have received your notice of termination at least four business days prior to the last business day of the month to which the distribution relates. Notwithstanding the preceding sentence, if we announce a new offering price for shares of our common stock under the DRP, then you will have no less than two business days after the date of such announcement to provide us with written notice of your desire to terminate participation in the DRP. Any transfer of your shares will effect a termination of the participation of those shares in the DRP. We will terminate your participation in the DRP to the extent that a reinvestment of your distributions would cause you to violate the ownership limit contained in our charter, unless you have obtained an exemption from the ownership limit from our board of directors.
Amendment or Termination of Plan
We may amend or terminate the DRP for any reason at any time upon ten days’ notice to the participants. We may provide notice by including such information (i) in a Current Report on Form 8-K or in our annual or quarterly reports, all publicly filed with the SEC or (ii) in a separate mailing to the participants.
NET TANGIBLE BOOK VALUE PER SHARE
In connection with this offering of shares of our common stock under the DRP, we are providing information about our net tangible book value per share, which amount is the same for both classes of our shares of common stock. Our net tangible book value per share is a rough approximation of value calculated as total book value of assets minus total book value of liabilities, divided by the total number of shares of common stock outstanding. Net tangible book value is used generally as a conservative measure of net worth that we do not believe reflects our estimated NAV per share. It is not intended to reflect the value of our assets upon an orderly liquidation of the company in accordance with our investment objectives. However, net tangible book value does reflect certain dilution in value of our common stock from the issue price as a result of (i) the fees and expenses paid to our advisor and its affiliates in connection with the selection, acquisition, management and sale of our investments, (ii) general and administrative expenses, (iii) accumulated depreciation and amortization of real estate investments, and (iv) the sale of approximately 8,611,335 shares of our Class A common stock in private transactions at a weighted average purchase price of approximately $8.98 per share for which we received weighted average net proceeds of approximately $8.30 per share. Included in the shares of Class A common stock sold in private transactions are 21,181.2380 and 21,181.2390 shares of our Class A common stock purchased by Mr. Schreiber, our chief executive officer, the chairman of the board and one of our directors, and one of the indirect owners of our advisor, and Mr. Bren, our president and one of our directors, and one of the indirect owners of our advisor, respectively, which each purchased for $172,500 or $8.144 per share. The Class A per share purchase price reflected an 8.5% discount to the $8.90 initial offering price in our private offering for our Class A common stock because selling commissions and dealer manager fees were not paid in connection with the sales. Mr. Bren’s investment was made on behalf of and for the accounts of three of his children, and he has disclaimed beneficial ownership of the shares.
The factors described above with respect to the dilution in the value of our common stock are likely to cause our offering price to be higher than the amount you would receive per share if we were to liquidate at this time.
As of December 31, 2016, the net tangible book value per share of our shares of common stock was $7.21. To the extent we are able to raise substantial proceeds in our offering stage, some of the expenses that cause dilution of the net tangible book value per share are expected to decrease on a per share basis, resulting in increases in the net tangible book value per share. This increase would be partially offset by increases in depreciation and amortization expenses related to our real estate investments.
The current offering price of shares under the DRP is $8.75 per share, which is equal to the estimated NAV per share of our common stock, as estimated by our board of directors. We will adjust the offering price of the DRP shares during the course of this offering when we announce an updated estimated NAV per share of our common stock. We currently expect to update the estimated NAV per share annually in December. See “Determination of Estimated Net Asset Value Per Share.”
FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSIDERATIONS
The following is a summary of the material U.S. federal income tax consequences of an investment in our common stock. The law firm of DLA Piper LLP (US) has acted as our tax counsel and reviewed this summary. For purposes of this section under the heading “Federal Income Tax Considerations,” references to “KBS Growth & Income REIT,” “we,” “our” and “us” mean only KBS Growth & Income REIT, Inc. and not its subsidiaries or other lower-tier entities, except as otherwise indicated. This summary is based upon the Code, the regulations promulgated by the U.S. Treasury Department, rulings and other administrative pronouncements issued by the IRS, and judicial decisions, all as currently in effect, and all of which are subject to differing interpretations or to change, possibly with retroactive effect. No assurance can be given that the IRS would not assert, or that a court would not sustain, a position contrary to any of the tax consequences described below. We have not sought and do not currently expect to seek an advance ruling from the Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”) regarding any matter discussed in this prospectus. The summary is also based upon the assumption that we will operate KBS Growth & Income REIT and its subsidiaries and affiliated entities in accordance with their applicable organizational documents. This summary is for general information only and does not purport to discuss all aspects of U.S. federal income taxation that may be important to a particular investor in light of its investment or tax circumstances or to investors subject to special tax rules, such as:
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• | regulated investment companies; |
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• | partnerships and trusts; |
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• | persons who hold our stock on behalf of other persons as nominees; |
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• | persons who receive our stock through the exercise of employee stock options (if we ever have employees) or otherwise as compensation; |
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• | persons holding our stock as part of a “straddle,” “hedge,” “conversion transaction,” “constructive ownership transaction,” “synthetic security” or other integrated investment; |
and, except to the extent discussed below:
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• | tax-exempt organizations; and |
This summary assumes that investors will hold their common stock as a capital asset, which generally means as property held for investment.
The U.S. federal income tax treatment of holders of our common stock depends in some instances on determinations of fact and interpretations of complex provisions of U.S. federal income tax law for which no clear precedent or authority may be available. In addition, the tax consequences to any particular stockholder of holding our common stock will depend on the stockholder’s particular tax circumstances. You are urged to consult your tax advisor regarding the federal, state, local and foreign income and other tax consequences to you in light of your particular investment or tax circumstances of acquiring, holding, exchanging, or otherwise disposing of our common stock.
Taxation of KBS Growth & Income REIT
We elected to be taxed as a REIT commencing with our taxable year ended December 31, 2015. We believe that we have been organized and expect to operate in such a manner as to qualify for taxation as a REIT.
The law firm of DLA Piper LLP (US), acting as our tax counsel in connection with this offering, has rendered an opinion that we have been organized and have operated in conformity with the requirements for qualification and taxation as a REIT under the Code and that our current proposed organization and method of operations will enable us to continue to meet the requirements for qualification and taxation as a REIT. It must be emphasized that the opinion of DLA Piper LLP (US) is based on various assumptions relating to our current proposed organization and method of operations and is conditioned upon fact-based representations and covenants made by our management regarding our organization, assets, and income, and the past, present and future conduct of our business operations. While we intend to operate so that we will qualify as a REIT, given the highly complex nature of the rules governing REITs, the ongoing importance of factual determinations, and the possibility of future changes in our circumstances, no assurance can be given by DLA Piper LLP
(US) or by us that we will qualify as a REIT for any particular year. The opinion was expressed as of the date issued and does not cover subsequent periods. Counsel has no obligation to advise us or our stockholders of any subsequent change in the matters stated, represented or assumed, or of any subsequent change in the applicable law. You should be aware that opinions of counsel are not binding on the IRS, and no assurance can be given that the IRS will not challenge the conclusions set forth in such opinions.
Qualification and taxation as a REIT depends on our ability to meet on a continuing basis, through actual operating results, distribution levels, and diversity of stock and asset ownership, various qualification requirements imposed upon REITs by the Code, the compliance with which will not be reviewed by DLA Piper LLP (US). Our ability to qualify as a REIT also requires that we satisfy certain asset tests, some of which depend upon the fair market values of assets that we own directly or indirectly. Such values may not be susceptible to a precise determination. Accordingly, no assurance can be given that the actual results of our operations for any taxable year will satisfy such requirements for qualification and taxation as a REIT.
Taxation of REITs in General
As indicated above, our qualification and taxation as a REIT depends upon our ability to meet, on a continuing basis, various qualification requirements imposed upon REITs by the Code. The material qualification requirements are summarized below under “-Requirements for Qualification-General.” While we intend to operate so that we qualify as a REIT, no assurance can be given that the IRS will not challenge our qualification, or that we will be able to operate in accordance with the REIT requirements in the future. See “-Failure to Qualify.”
Provided that we qualify as a REIT, generally we will be entitled to a deduction for distributions that we pay to our stockholders and therefore will not be subject to federal corporate income tax on our taxable income that is distributed to our stockholders. This treatment substantially eliminates the “double taxation” at the corporate and stockholder levels that generally results from investment in a corporation. In general, the income that we generate is taxed only at the stockholder level upon distribution to our stockholders.
Certain domestic stockholders that are individuals, trusts or estates are taxed on corporate distributions at a maximum rate of 20% (the same as long-term capital gains). With limited exceptions, however, distributions from us or from other entities that are taxed as REITs are generally not eligible for this rate and will continue to be taxed at rates applicable to ordinary income, which will be as high as 39.6%. See “-Taxation of Stockholders-Taxation of Taxable Domestic Stockholders-Distributions.”
Any net operating losses and other tax attributes generally do not pass through to our stockholders, subject to special rules for certain items such as the capital gains that we recognize. See “-Taxation of Stockholders.”
If we qualify as a REIT, we will nonetheless be subject to federal tax in the following circumstances:
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• | We will be taxed at regular corporate rates on any undistributed taxable income, including undistributed net capital gains. |
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• | We may be subject to the “alternative minimum tax” on our items of tax preference, including any deductions of net operating losses. |
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• | If we have net income from prohibited transactions, which are, in general, sales or other dispositions of inventory or property held primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of business, other than foreclosure property, such income will be subject to a 100% tax. See “-Prohibited Transactions” and “-Foreclosure Property” below. |
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• | If we elect to treat property that we acquire in connection with certain leasehold terminations as “foreclosure property,” we may thereby avoid the 100% tax on gain from a resale of that property (if the sale would otherwise constitute a prohibited transaction), but the income from the sale or operation of the property may be subject to corporate income tax at the highest applicable rate (currently 35%). |
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• | If we should fail to satisfy the 75% gross income test or the 95% gross income test, as discussed below, but nonetheless maintain our qualification as a REIT because we satisfy other requirements, we will be subject to a 100% tax on an amount based on the magnitude of the failure, as adjusted to reflect the profit margin associated with our gross income. |
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• | If we should violate the asset tests (other than certain de minimis violations) or other requirements applicable to REITs, as described below, and yet maintain our qualification as a REIT because there is reasonable cause for the failure and other applicable requirements are met, we may be subject to an excise tax. In that case, the amount of the excise tax will be at least $50,000 per failure and, in the case of certain asset test failures, will be determined as the amount of net income generated by the assets in question multiplied by the highest corporate tax rate (currently 35%) if that amount exceeds $50,000 per failure. |
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• | If we should fail to distribute during each calendar year at least the sum of (i) 85% of our REIT ordinary income for such year; (ii) 95% of our REIT capital gain net income for such year; and (iii) any undistributed taxable income from prior periods, we would be subject to a nondeductible 4% excise tax on the excess of the required distribution over the sum of (a) the amounts that we actually distributed and (b) the amounts we retained and upon which we paid income tax at the corporate level. |
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• | We may be required to pay monetary penalties to the IRS in certain circumstances, including if we fail to meet record keeping requirements intended to monitor our compliance with rules relating to the composition of a REIT’s stockholders, as described below in “-Requirements for Qualification-General.” |
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• | A 100% tax may be imposed on transactions between us and a TRS (as described below) that do not reflect arm’s-length terms. |
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• | If we acquire appreciated assets from a corporation that is not a REIT (i.e. a corporation taxable under subchapter C of the Code) in a transaction in which the adjusted tax basis of the assets in our hands is determined by reference to the adjusted tax basis of the assets in the hands of the subchapter C corporation, we may be subject to tax on such appreciation at the highest corporate income tax rate then applicable if we subsequently recognize gain on a disposition of any such assets during the five-year period following their acquisition from the subchapter C corporation. |
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• | The earnings of our subsidiaries, including any subsidiary we may elect to treat as a TRS (as discussed below), are subject to federal corporate income tax to the extent that such subsidiaries are subchapter C corporations. |
In addition, we and our subsidiaries may be subject to a variety of taxes, including payroll taxes and state and local and foreign income, property and other taxes on our assets and operations. We could also be subject to tax in situations and on transactions not presently contemplated.
Requirements for Qualification-General
The Code defines a REIT as a corporation, trust or association:
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(i) | that is managed by one or more trustees or directors; |
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(ii) | the beneficial ownership of which is evidenced by transferable shares, or by transferable certificates of beneficial interest; |
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(iii) | that would be taxable as a domestic corporation but for its election to be subject to tax as a REIT; |
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(iv) | that is neither a financial institution nor an insurance company subject to specific provisions of the Code; |
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(v) | the beneficial ownership of which is held by 100 or more persons; |
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(vi) | in which, during the last half of each taxable year, not more than 50% in value of the outstanding stock is owned, directly or indirectly, by five or fewer “individuals” (as defined in the Code to include specified tax-exempt entities); |
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(vii) | that elects to be taxed as a REIT, or has made such election for a previous taxable year, and satisfies all relevant filing and other administrative requirements that must be met to elect and maintain REIT qualification; and |
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(viii) | that meets other tests described below, including with respect to the nature of its income and assets. |
The Code provides that conditions (i) through (iv) must be met during the entire taxable year, and that condition (v) must be met during at least 335 days of a taxable year of 12 months, or during a proportionate part of a shorter taxable year. Conditions (v) and (vi) need not be met during a corporation’s initial tax year as a REIT. (In our case, we elected to be taxed as a REIT commencing with our taxable year ended December 31, 2015.)
Our shares of common stock are held by in excess of 100 independent persons. We believe that we have issued common stock with sufficient diversity of ownership to satisfy condition (vi). In addition, our charter restricts the ownership and transfer of our common stock so that we should continue to satisfy these requirements. The provisions of our charter restricting the ownership and transfer of our common stock are described in “Description of Shares-Restriction on Ownership of Shares.”
To monitor compliance with the share ownership requirements, we generally are required to maintain records regarding the actual ownership of our shares. To do so, we must demand written statements each year from the record holders of significant percentages of our stock pursuant to which the record holders must disclose the actual owners of the shares (i.e. the persons required to include our distributions in their gross income). We must maintain a list of those persons failing or refusing to comply with this demand as part of our records. We could be subject to monetary penalties if we fail to comply with these record-keeping requirements. If you fail or refuse to comply with the demands, you will be required by Treasury regulations to submit a statement with your tax return disclosing your actual ownership of our shares and other information.
In addition, a corporation generally may not elect to become a REIT unless its taxable year is the calendar year. We have adopted December 31 as our year-end, and thereby satisfy this requirement.
The Code provides relief from violations of the REIT gross income requirements, as described below under “-Income Tests,” in cases where a violation is due to reasonable cause and not to willful neglect, and other requirements are met, including the payment of a penalty tax that is based upon the magnitude of the violation. In addition, certain provisions of the Code extend similar relief in the case of certain violations of the REIT asset requirements (see “-Asset Tests” below) and other REIT requirements, again provided that the violation is due to reasonable cause and not willful neglect, and other conditions are met, including the payment of a penalty tax. If we fail to satisfy any of the various REIT requirements, there can be no assurance that these relief provisions would be available to enable us to maintain our qualification as a REIT and, if such relief provisions are available, the amount of any resultant penalty tax could be substantial.
Effect of Subsidiary Entities
Ownership of Partnership Interests. An unincorporated domestic entity, such as a partnership, limited liability company, or trust, that has a single owner generally is not treated as an entity separate from its parent for U.S. federal income tax purposes. An unincorporated domestic entity with two or more owners generally is treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes. If we are a partner in an entity that is treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes, Treasury regulations provide that we are deemed to own our proportionate share of the partnership’s assets, and to earn our proportionate share of the partnership’s income, for purposes of the asset and gross income tests applicable to REITs. Our proportionate share of a partnership’s assets and income is based on our capital interest in the partnership (except that for purposes of the 10% value test, our proportionate share of the partnership’s assets is based on our proportionate interest in the equity and certain debt securities issued by the partnership). In addition, the assets and gross income of the partnership are deemed to retain the same character in our hands. Thus, our proportionate share of the assets and items of income of any of our subsidiary partnerships will be treated as our assets and items of income for purposes of applying the REIT requirements. For any period of time that we own 100% of KBS Growth & Income Limited Partnership, our operating partnership, all of our operating partnership’s assets and income will be deemed to be ours for U.S. federal income tax purposes.
Effective for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2017, the Bipartisan Budget Act of 2015 changes the rules applicable to U.S. federal income tax audits of partnerships. Under the new rules, among other changes and subject to certain exceptions, any audit adjustment to items of income, gain, loss, deduction, or credit of partnership (and any partner's distributive share thereof) is determined, and taxes, interest, or penalties attributable thereto are assessed and collected, at the partnership level. Although it is uncertain how these new rules will be implemented, it is possible that they could result in the Operation Partnership being required to pay additional taxes, interest and penalties as a result of an audit adjustment, and we could be required to bear the economic burden of these taxes, interest, and penalties even though we, as a REIT, may not otherwise have been required to pay additional corporate-level taxes as a result of the related audit adjustment.
Disregarded Subsidiaries. If we own a corporate subsidiary that is a “qualified REIT subsidiary,” that subsidiary is generally disregarded for U.S. federal income tax purposes, and all of the subsidiary’s assets, liabilities and items of income, deduction and credit are treated as our assets, liabilities and items of income, deduction and credit, including for purposes of the gross income and asset tests applicable to REITs. A qualified REIT subsidiary is any corporation, other than a TRS (as described below), that is directly or indirectly wholly owned by a REIT. Thus, in applying the requirements described herein, any qualified REIT subsidiary that we own will be ignored, and all assets, liabilities, and items of income, deduction and credit of such subsidiary will be treated as our assets, liabilities, and items of income, deduction and credit. Other entities that are wholly owned by us, including single member limited liability companies that have not elected to be taxed as corporations for U.S. federal income tax purposes, are also generally disregarded as separate entities for U.S. federal income tax purposes, including for purposes of the REIT income and asset tests. Disregarded subsidiaries, along with any partnerships in which we hold an equity interest, are sometimes referred to herein as “pass-through subsidiaries.”
In the event that a disregarded subsidiary of ours ceases to be wholly owned-for example, if any equity interest in the subsidiary is acquired by a person other than us or another disregarded subsidiary of ours-the subsidiary’s separate existence would no longer be disregarded for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Instead, the subsidiary would have multiple owners and would be treated as either a partnership or a taxable corporation. Such an event could, depending on the
circumstances, adversely affect our ability to satisfy the various asset and gross income requirements applicable to REITs, including the requirement that REITs generally may not own, directly or indirectly, more than 10% of the securities of another corporation. See “-Asset Tests” and “-Income Tests.”
Taxable Corporate Subsidiaries. In the future we may jointly elect with any of our subsidiary corporations, whether or not wholly owned, to treat such subsidiary corporations as taxable REIT subsidiaries, or TRSs. A REIT is permitted to own up to 100% of the stock of one or more TRSs. A domestic TRS is a fully taxable corporation that may earn income that would not be qualifying income if earned directly by the parent REIT. The subsidiary and the REIT must jointly elect to treat the subsidiary as a TRS. A corporation with respect to which a TRS directly or indirectly owns more than 35% of the voting power or value of the stock will automatically be treated as a TRS. We generally may not own more than 10% of the securities of a taxable corporation, as measured by voting power or value, unless we and such corporation elect to treat such corporation as a TRS. Overall, no more than 25% (20% for taxable years after 2017) of the value of a REIT’s assets may consist of stock or securities of one or more TRSs.
The separate existence of a TRS or other taxable corporation is not ignored for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Accordingly, a TRS or other taxable corporation generally would be subject to corporate income tax on its earnings, which may reduce the cash flow that we and our subsidiaries generate in the aggregate and may reduce our ability to make distributions to our stockholders.
We are not treated as holding the assets of a TRS or other taxable subsidiary corporation or as receiving any income that the subsidiary earns. Rather, the stock issued by a taxable subsidiary to us is an asset in our hands, and we treat the distributions paid to us from such taxable subsidiary, if any, as income. This treatment can affect our income and asset test calculations, as described below. Because we do not include the assets and income of TRSs or other taxable subsidiary corporations in determining our compliance with the REIT requirements, we may use such entities to undertake indirectly activities that the REIT rules might otherwise preclude us from doing directly or through pass-through subsidiaries. For example, we may use TRSs or other taxable subsidiary corporations to conduct activities that give rise to certain categories of income such as management fees or activities that would be treated in our hands as prohibited transactions.
Certain restrictions imposed on TRSs are intended to ensure that such entities will be subject to appropriate levels of U.S. federal income taxation. First, a TRS with a debt-equity ratio in excess of 1.5 to 1 may not deduct interest payments made in any year to an affiliated REIT to the extent that such payments exceed, generally, 50% of the TRS’s adjusted taxable income for that year (although the TRS may carry forward to, and deduct in, a succeeding year the disallowed interest amount if the 50% test is satisfied in that year). In addition, if amounts are paid to a REIT or deducted by a TRS due to transactions between the REIT and a TRS that exceed the amount that would be paid to or deducted by a party in an arm’s-length transaction, the REIT generally will be subject to an excise tax equal to 100% of such excess. We intend to scrutinize all of our transactions with any of our subsidiaries that are treated as a TRS in an effort to ensure that we do not become subject to this excise tax; however, we cannot assure you that we will be successful in avoiding this excise tax.
We may own TRSs that are organized outside of the United States. For example, we may hold certain investments and instruments through TRSs to the extent that direct ownership by us could jeopardize our compliance with the REIT qualification requirements, and we may make TRS elections with respect to certain offshore issuers of certain instruments to the extent that we do not own 100% of the offshore issuer’s equity. Special rules apply in the case of income earned by a taxable subsidiary corporation that is organized outside of the United States. Depending upon the nature of the subsidiary’s income, the parent REIT may be required to include in its taxable income an amount equal to its share of the subsidiary’s income, without regard to whether, or when, such income is distributed by the subsidiary. See “-Income Tests” below. A TRS that is organized outside of the United States may, depending upon the nature of its operations, be subject to little or no U.S. federal income tax. There is a specific exemption from federal income tax for non-U.S. corporations that restrict their activities in the United States to trading stock and securities (or any activity closely related thereto) for their own account, whether such trading (or such other activity) is conducted by the corporation or its employees through a resident broker, commission agent, custodian or other agent. We currently expect that any offshore TRSs will rely on that exemption or otherwise operate in a manner so that they will generally not be subject to federal income tax on their net income at the entity level.
Income Tests
In order to qualify as a REIT, we must satisfy two gross income requirements on an annual basis. First, at least 75% of our gross income for each taxable year, excluding gross income from sales of inventory or dealer property in “prohibited transactions,” generally must be derived from investments relating to real property or mortgages on real property, including interest income derived from mortgage loans secured by real property and certain limited personal property (including certain types of mortgage-backed securities), “rents from real property,” distributions received from other REITs and gains from the sale of real estate assets (other than certain non-qualified publicly offered REIT debt instruments), as well as specified
income from temporary investments. Second, at least 95% of our gross income in each taxable year, excluding gross income from prohibited transactions and certain hedging transactions, must be derived from some combination of such income from investments in real property (i.e. income that qualifies under the 75% income test described above), as well as other distributions, interest and gain from the sale or disposition of stock or securities, which need not have any relation to real property.
Gross income from the sale of inventory property is excluded from both the numerator and the denominator in both income tests. Income and gain from hedging transactions that we enter into to hedge indebtedness incurred or to be incurred to acquire or carry real estate assets will generally be excluded from both the numerator and the denominator for purposes of both gross income tests. We intend to monitor the amount of our non-qualifying income and manage our investment portfolio to comply at all times with the gross income tests but we cannot assure you that we will be successful in this effort.
Rents received by us will qualify as “rents from real property” in satisfying the gross income requirements described above only if several conditions are met. If rent is partly attributable to personal property leased in connection with a lease of real property, the portion of the rent that is attributable to the personal property will not qualify as “rents from real property” unless it constitutes 15% or less of the total rent received under the lease. In addition, the amount of rent must not be based in whole or in part on the income or profits of any person. Amounts received as rent, however, generally will not be excluded from rents from real property solely by reason of being based on fixed percentages of gross receipts or sales. Moreover, for rents received to qualify as “rents from real property,” we generally must not operate or manage the property or furnish or render services to the tenants of such property, other than through an “independent contractor” from which we derive no revenue. We are permitted, however, to perform services that are “usually or customarily rendered” in connection with the rental of space for occupancy only and which are not otherwise considered rendered to the occupant of the property. In addition, we may directly or indirectly provide noncustomary services to tenants of our properties without disqualifying all of the rent from the property if the payments for such services do not exceed 1.0% of the total gross income from the properties. For purposes of this test, we are deemed to have received income from such non-customary services in an amount at least 150% of the direct cost of providing the services. Moreover, we are generally permitted to provide services to tenants or others through a TRS without disqualifying the rental income received from tenants for purposes of the income tests. Also, rental income will qualify as rents from real property only to the extent that we do not directly or constructively hold a 10% or greater interest, as measured by vote or value, in the lessee’s equity.
We may directly or indirectly receive distributions from TRSs or other corporations that are not REITs or qualified REIT subsidiaries. These distributions generally are treated as dividend income to the extent of the earnings and profits of the distributing corporation. Such distributions will generally constitute qualifying income for purposes of the 95% gross income test, but not for purposes of the 75% gross income test. Any distributions that we receive from a REIT, however, will be qualifying income for purposes of both the 95% and 75% income tests.
We and our subsidiaries may enter into hedging transactions with respect to one or more of our assets or liabilities. Hedging transactions could take a variety of forms, including interest rate swap agreements, interest rate cap agreements, options, futures contracts, forward rate agreements or similar financial instruments. Except to the extent provided by Treasury regulations, any income from a hedging transaction we entered into (i) in the normal course of our business primarily to manage risk of interest rate, inflation and/or currency fluctuations with respect to borrowings made or to be made, or ordinary obligations incurred or to be incurred, to acquire or carry real estate assets, which is clearly identified as specified in Treasury regulations before the closing of the day on which it was acquired, originated or entered into, including gain from the sale or disposition of such a transaction, (ii) primarily to manage risk of currency fluctuations with respect to any item of income or gain that would be qualifying income under the 75% or 95% income tests, and (iii) to manage risk with respect to the termination of certain prior hedging transactions described in (i) and (ii) above, each of which is clearly identified as such before the closing of the day on which it was acquired, originated or entered into, will not constitute gross income for purposes of the 75% or 95% gross income tests. To the extent that we enter into other types of hedging transactions, the income from those transactions is likely to be treated as non-qualifying income for purposes of the 75% or 95% gross income tests. We intend to structure any hedging transactions in a manner that does not jeopardize our qualification as a REIT.
If we fail to satisfy one or both of the 75% or 95% gross income tests for any taxable year, we may still qualify as a REIT for such year if we are entitled to relief under applicable provisions of the Code. These relief provisions will be generally available if (i) our failure to meet these tests was due to reasonable cause and not due to willful neglect and (ii) following our identification of the failure to meet the 75% or 95% gross income test for any taxable year, we file a schedule with the IRS setting forth each item of our gross income for purposes of the 75% or 95% gross income test for such taxable year in accordance with Treasury regulations yet to be issued. It is not possible to state whether we would be entitled to the benefit of these relief provisions in all circumstances. If these relief provisions are inapplicable to a particular set of circumstances, we will not qualify as a REIT. As discussed above under “-Taxation of REITs in General,” even where these
relief provisions apply, the Code imposes a tax based upon the amount by which we fail to satisfy the particular gross income test.
Asset Tests
At the close of each calendar quarter, we must also satisfy four tests relating to the nature of our assets. First, at least 75% of the value of our total assets must be represented by some combination of “real estate assets,” cash, cash items, U.S. government securities and, under some circumstances, stock or debt instruments purchased with new capital. For this purpose, “real estate assets” include interests in real property, such as land, buildings, leasehold interests in real property, stock of other corporations that qualify as REITs, some kinds of mortgage-backed securities and mortgage loans and (subject to certain limitations) debt instruments issued by publicly offered REITs. Certain ancillary personal property leased with real property will be treated as real property for purposes of the 75% test if the rent attributable to such personal property does not exceed 15% of the total rent for the taxable year attributable to both the real and personal property leased under a lease. Further, a debt obligation secured by a mortgage on both real and personal property will be treated as a “real estate asset” for purposes of the 75% test if the fair market value of the personal property does not exceed 15% of the fair market value of all property securing the debt. Assets that do not qualify for purposes of the 75% test are subject to the additional asset tests described below.
Second, the value of any one issuer’s securities that we own may not exceed 5% of the value of our total assets.
Third, we may not own more than 10% of any one issuer’s outstanding securities, as measured by either voting power or value. The 5% and 10% asset tests do not apply to securities of TRSs and qualified REIT subsidiaries and the 10% asset test does not apply to “straight debt” having specified characteristics and to certain other securities described below. Solely for purposes of the 10% asset test, the determination of our interest in the assets of a partnership or limited liability company in which we own an interest will be based on our proportionate interest in any securities issued by the partnership or limited liability company, excluding for this purpose certain securities described in the Code.
Fourth, the aggregate value of all securities of taxable REIT subsidiaries that we hold may not exceed 25% (20% for taxable years after 2017) of the value of our total assets.
Notwithstanding the general rule, as noted above, that for purposes of the REIT income and asset tests we are treated as owning our proportionate share of the underlying assets of a subsidiary partnership, if we hold indebtedness issued by a partnership, the indebtedness will be subject to, and may cause a violation of, the asset tests unless the indebtedness is a qualifying mortgage asset or other conditions are met. Similarly, although stock of another REIT is a qualifying asset for purposes of the REIT asset tests, any non-mortgage debt that is issued by another REIT may not so qualify (such debt, however, will not be treated as “securities” for purposes of the 10% asset test, as explained below).
Certain relief provisions are available to REITs to satisfy the asset requirements or to maintain REIT qualification notwithstanding certain violations of the asset and other requirements. One such provision allows a REIT which fails one or more of the asset requirements to nevertheless maintain its REIT qualification if (i) the REIT provides the IRS with a description of each asset causing the failure; (ii) the failure is due to reasonable cause and not willful neglect; (iii) the REIT pays a tax equal to the greater of (a) $50,000 per failure and (b) the product of the net income generated by the assets that caused the failure multiplied by the highest applicable corporate tax rate (currently 35%); and (iv) the REIT either disposes of the assets causing the failure within six months after the last day of the quarter in which it identifies the failure, or otherwise satisfies the relevant asset tests within that time frame.
In the case of de minimis violations of the 10% and 5% asset tests, a REIT may maintain its qualification despite a violation of such requirements if (i) the value of the assets causing the violation does not exceed the lesser of 1.0% of the REIT’s total assets and $10,000,000, and (ii) the REIT either disposes of the assets causing the failure within six months after the last day of the quarter in which it identifies the failure, or the relevant tests are otherwise satisfied within that time frame.
Certain securities will not cause a violation of the 10% asset test described above. Such securities include instruments that constitute “straight debt,” which includes, among other things, securities having certain contingency features. A security does not qualify as “straight debt” where a REIT (or a controlled TRS of the REIT) owns other securities of the same issuer which do not qualify as straight debt, unless the value of those other securities constitute, in the aggregate, 1.0% or less of the total value of that issuer’s outstanding securities. In addition to straight debt, the Code provides that certain other securities will not violate the 10% asset test. Such securities include (i) any loan made to an individual or an estate; (ii) certain rental agreements pursuant to which one or more payments are to be made in subsequent years (other than agreements between a REIT and certain persons related to the REIT under attribution rules); (iii) any obligation to pay rents from real property; (iv) securities issued by governmental entities that are not dependent in whole or in part on the profits of (or payments made by) a non-governmental entity; (v) any security (including debt securities) issued by another REIT; and (vi) any debt instrument issued by a partnership if the partnership’s income is of a nature that it would satisfy the 75% gross
income test described above under “-Income Tests. In applying the 10% asset test, a debt security issued by a partnership is not taken into account to the extent, if any, of the REIT’s proportionate interest in the equity and certain debt securities issued by that partnership.
We believe that our holdings of securities and other assets will comply with the foregoing REIT asset requirements, and we intend to monitor compliance on an ongoing basis.
No independent appraisals will be obtained to support our conclusions as to the value of our total assets or the value of any particular security or securities. Moreover, values of some assets may not be susceptible to a precise determination, and values are subject to change in the future. Furthermore, the proper classification of an instrument as debt or equity for U.S. federal income tax purposes may be uncertain in some circumstances, which could affect the application of the REIT asset requirements. Accordingly, there can be no assurance that the IRS will not contend that our interests in our subsidiaries or in the securities of other issuers will not cause a violation of the REIT asset tests.
If we should fail to satisfy the asset tests at the end of a calendar quarter, such a failure would not cause us to lose our REIT qualification if we (i) satisfied the asset tests at the close of the preceding calendar quarter and (ii) the discrepancy between the value of our assets and the asset requirements was not wholly or partly caused by an acquisition of non-qualifying assets, but instead arose from changes in the market value of our assets. If the condition described in (ii) were not satisfied, we still could avoid disqualification by eliminating any discrepancy within 30 days after the close of the calendar quarter in which it arose or by making use of relief provisions described below.
Annual Distribution Requirements
In order to qualify as a REIT, we are required to make distributions, other than capital gain distributions, to our stockholders in an amount at least equal to:
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(a) | 90% of our “REIT taxable income,” computed without regard to our net capital gains and the dividends-paid deduction, and |
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(b) | 90% of our net income, if any, (after tax) from foreclosure property (as described below), minus |
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(ii) | the sum of certain specified items of non-cash income. |
We generally must make these distributions in the taxable year to which they relate, or in the following taxable year if either (i) declared before we timely file our tax return for the year and if paid with or before the first regular distribution payment after such declaration; or (ii) declared in October November or December of the taxable year, payable to stockholders of record on a specified day in any such month, and actually paid before the end of January of the following year. The distributions under clause (i) are taxable to the holders of our common stock in the year in which paid, and the distributions in clause (ii) are treated as paid on December 31 of the prior taxable year. In both instances, these distributions relate to our prior taxable year for purposes of the 90% distribution requirement. For periods beginning with our initial taxable year ended December 31, 2015 through April 28, 2016 (the date we became a public reporting company under the Exchange Act), in order for distributions in such periods to have been counted for this purpose, and to have provided a tax deduction for us, the distributions for such periods must not have been “preferential dividends.” A distribution is not a preferential dividend if the distribution is (i) pro rata among all outstanding shares of stock within a particular class and (ii) in accordance with the preferences among different classes of stock as set forth in our organizational documents. Note that once we became a publicly offered REIT (as of April 28, 2016), the preferential dividend rules described above no longer prospectively apply to our distributions, provided we remain a publicly offered REIT.
To the extent that we distribute at least 90%, but less than 100%, of our “REIT taxable income,” as adjusted, we will be subject to tax at ordinary corporate tax rates on the retained portion. We may elect to retain, rather than distribute, our net long-term capital gains and pay tax on such gains. In this case, we could elect for our stockholders to include their proportionate shares of such undistributed long-term capital gains in income, and to receive a corresponding credit for their share of the tax that we paid. Our stockholders would then increase their adjusted basis of their stock by the difference between (i) the amounts of capital gain distributions that we designated and that they include in their taxable income minus (ii) the tax that we paid on their behalf with respect to that income.
To the extent that we have available net operating losses carried forward from prior tax years, such losses may reduce the amount of distributions that we must make in order to comply with the REIT distribution requirements. Such losses, however, will generally not affect the character, in the hands of our stockholders, of any distributions that are actually made as ordinary dividends or capital gains. See “-Taxation of Stockholders-Taxation of Taxable Domestic Stockholders-Distributions.”
If we should fail to distribute during each calendar year at least the sum of (i) 85% of our REIT ordinary income for such year; (ii) 95% of our REIT capital gain net income for such year; and (iii) any undistributed taxable income from prior periods, we would be subject to a non-deductible 4% excise tax on the excess of such required distribution over the sum of (a) the amounts actually distributed plus (b) the amounts of income we retained and on which we have paid corporate income tax.
It is possible that, from time to time, we may not have sufficient cash to meet the distribution requirements due to timing differences between (i) our actual receipt of cash, including receipt of distributions from our subsidiaries and (ii) our inclusion of items in income for U.S. federal income tax purposes.
In the event that such timing differences occur, in order to meet the distribution requirements, it might be necessary for us to arrange for short-term, or possibly long-term, borrowings, or to pay distributions in the form of taxable in-kind distributions of property.
We may be able to rectify a failure to meet the distribution requirements for a year by paying “deficiency dividends” to stockholders in a later year, which may be included in our deduction for distributions paid for the earlier year. In this case, we may be able to avoid losing REIT qualification or being taxed on amounts distributed as deficiency dividends. We will be required to pay interest and a penalty based on the amount of any deduction taken for deficiency dividends.
Failure to Qualify
If we fail to satisfy one or more requirements for REIT qualification other than the gross income or asset tests, we could avoid disqualification if our failure is due to reasonable cause and not to willful neglect and we pay a penalty of $50,000 for each such failure. Relief provisions are available for failures of the gross income tests and asset tests, as described above in “-Income Tests” and “-Asset Tests.”
If we fail to qualify for taxation as a REIT in any taxable year, and the relief provisions described above do not apply, we would be subject to tax, including any applicable alternative minimum tax, on our taxable income at regular corporate rates. We cannot deduct distributions to stockholders in any year in which we are not a REIT, nor would we be required to make distributions in such a year. In this situation, to the extent of current and accumulated earnings and profits, distributions to domestic stockholders that are individuals, trusts and estates will generally be taxable at capital gains rates. In addition, subject to the limitations of the Code, corporate distributees may be eligible for the dividends received deduction. Unless we are entitled to relief under specific statutory provisions, we would also be disqualified from re-electing to be taxed as a REIT for the four taxable years following the year during which we lost qualification. It is not possible to state whether, in all circumstances, we would be entitled to this statutory relief.
Prohibited Transactions
Net income that we derive from a “prohibited transaction” is subject to a 100% tax. The term “prohibited transaction” generally includes a sale or other disposition of property (other than foreclosure property, as discussed below) that is held primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of a trade or business. We intend to conduct our operations so that no asset that we own (or are treated as owning) will be treated as, or as having been, held for sale to customers, and that a sale of any such asset will not be treated as having been in the ordinary course of our business. Whether property is held “primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of a trade or business” depends on the particular facts and circumstances. No assurance can be given that any property that we sell will not be treated as property held for sale to customers, or that we can comply with certain safe-harbor provisions of the Code that would prevent such treatment. The 100% tax does not apply to gains from the sale of property that is held through a TRS or other taxable corporation, although such income will potentially be subject to tax in the hands of the corporation at regular corporate rates, nor does the 100% tax apply to sales that qualify for a safe harbor as described in Section 857(b)(6) of the Code.
Foreclosure Property
Foreclosure property is real property and any personal property incident to such real property (i) that we acquire as the result of having bid on the property at foreclosure, or having otherwise reduced the property to ownership or possession by agreement or process of law, after a default (or upon imminent default) on a lease of the property or a mortgage loan held by us and secured by the property; (ii) for which we acquired the related loan or lease at a time when default was not imminent or anticipated; and (iii) with respect to which we made a proper election to treat the property as foreclosure property. We generally will be subject to tax at the maximum corporate rate (currently 35%) on any net income from foreclosure property, including any gain from the disposition of the foreclosure property, other than income that would otherwise be qualifying income for purposes of the 75% gross income test. Any gain from the sale of property for which a foreclosure property election has been made will not be subject to the 100% tax on gains from prohibited transactions described above, even if the property would otherwise constitute inventory or dealer property. To the extent that we receive
any income from foreclosure property that does not qualify for purposes of the 75% gross income test, we intend to make an election to treat the related property as foreclosure property.
Derivatives and Hedging Transactions
We and our subsidiaries may enter into hedging transactions with respect to interest rate exposure on one or more of our assets or liabilities. Hedging transactions could take a variety of forms, including the use of derivative instruments such as interest rate swap agreements, interest rate cap agreements, options, futures contracts, forward rate agreements or similar financial instruments. Except to the extent provided by Treasury regulations, any income from a hedging transaction we entered into (i) in the normal course of our business primarily to manage risk of interest rate, inflation and/or currency fluctuations with respect to borrowings made or to be made, or ordinary obligations incurred or to be incurred, to acquire or carry real estate assets, which is clearly identified as specified in Treasury regulations before the closing of the day on which it was acquired, originated or entered into, including gain from the sale or disposition of such a transaction, (ii) primarily to manage risk of currency fluctuations with respect to any item of income or gain that would be qualifying income under the 75% or 95% income tests, and (iii) to manage risk with respect to the termination of certain prior hedging transactions described in (i) and/or (ii) above, each of which is clearly identified as such before the closing of the day on which it was acquired, originated, or entered into, will not constitute gross income for purposes of the 75% or 95% gross income tests. To the extent that we enter into other types of hedging transactions, the income from those transactions is likely to be treated as non-qualifying income for purposes of the 75% or 95% gross income tests. We intend to structure any hedging transactions in a manner that does not jeopardize our qualification as a REIT. We may conduct some or all of our hedging activities through our TRS or other corporate entity, the income from which may be subject to federal income tax, rather than by participating in the arrangements directly or through pass-through subsidiaries. No assurance can be given, however, that our hedging activities will not give rise to income that does not qualify for purposes of either or both of the REIT gross income tests, or that our hedging activities will not adversely affect our ability to satisfy the REIT qualification requirements.
Taxation of Stockholders
Taxation of Taxable Domestic Stockholders
Definitions. In this section, the phrase “domestic stockholder” means a holder of our common stock that for U.S. federal income tax purposes is:
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• | a citizen or resident of the United States; |
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• | a corporation or other entity treated as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes created or organized in or under the laws of the United States or of any political subdivision thereof; |
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• | an estate, the income of which is subject to U.S. federal income taxation regardless of its source; or |
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• | a trust, if (i) a U.S. court is able to exercise primary supervision over the administration of the trust and one or more U.S. persons have the authority to control all substantial decisions of the trust or (ii) it has a valid election in place to be treated as a U.S. person. |
If a partnership, including for this purpose any entity that is treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes, holds our common stock, the tax treatment of a partner in the partnership will generally depend upon the status of the partner and the activities of the partnership. An investor that is a partnership and the partners in such partnership should consult their tax advisors about the U.S. federal income tax consequences of the acquisition, ownership and disposition of our common stock.
Distributions. So long as we qualify as a REIT, the distributions that we make to our taxable domestic stockholders out of current or accumulated earnings and profits that we do not designate as capital gain distributions will generally be taken into account by stockholders as ordinary income and will not be eligible for the dividends received deduction for corporations. With limited exceptions, our distributions are not eligible for taxation at the preferential income tax rates (i.e. the 20% maximum federal rate) for qualified distributions received by domestic stockholders that are individuals, trusts and estates from taxable C corporations. Such stockholders, however, are taxed at the preferential rates on distributions designated by and received from REITs to the extent that the distributions are attributable to:
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• | income retained by the REIT in the prior taxable year on which the REIT was subject to corporate level income tax (less the amount of tax); |
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• | distributions received by the REIT from TRSs or other taxable C corporations; or |
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• | income in the prior taxable year from the sales of “built-in gain” property acquired by the REIT from C corporations in carryover basis transactions (less the amount of corporate tax on such income). |
Distributions that we designate as capital gain dividends will generally be taxed to our stockholders as long-term capital gains, to the extent that such distributions do not exceed our actual net capital gain for the taxable year, without regard to the period for which the stockholder that receives such distribution has held its stock. We may elect to retain and pay taxes on some or all of our net long-term capital gains, in which case provisions of the Code will treat our stockholders as having received, solely for tax purposes, our undistributed capital gains, and the stockholders will receive a corresponding credit for taxes that we paid on such undistributed capital gains. See “-Taxation of KBS Growth & Income REIT-Annual Distribution Requirements.” Corporate stockholders may be required to treat up to 20% of some capital gain distributions as ordinary income. Long-term capital gains are generally taxable at maximum federal rates of 20% in the case of stockholders that are individuals, trusts and estates, and 35% in the case of stockholders that are corporations. Capital gains attributable to the sale of depreciable real property held for more than 12 months are subject to a 25% maximum federal income tax rate for taxpayers who are taxed as individuals, to the extent of previously claimed depreciation deductions.
Distributions in excess of our current and accumulated earnings and profits will generally represent a return of capital and will not be taxable to a stockholder to the extent that the amount of such distributions does not exceed the adjusted basis of the stockholder’s shares with respect to which the distributions were made. Rather, the distributions will reduce the adjusted basis of the stockholder’s shares. To the extent that such distributions exceed the adjusted basis of a stockholder’s shares, the stockholder generally must include such distributions in income as long-term capital gain, or short-term capital gain if the shares have been held for one year or less. In addition, any distribution that we declare in October November or December of any year and that is payable to a stockholder of record on a specified date in any such month will be treated as both paid by us and received by the stockholder on December 31 of such year, provided that we actually pay the distribution before the end of January of the following calendar year.
To the extent that we have available net operating losses and capital losses carried forward from prior tax years, such losses may reduce the amount of distributions that we must make in order to comply with the REIT distribution requirements. See “-Taxation of KBS Growth & Income REIT-Annual Distribution Requirements.” Such losses, however, are not passed through to stockholders and do not offset income of stockholders from other sources, nor would such losses affect the character of any distributions that we make, which are generally subject to tax in the hands of stockholders to the extent that we have current or accumulated earnings and profits.
Dispositions of Our Stock. In general, capital gains recognized by individuals, trusts and estates upon the sale or disposition of our stock will be subject to a maximum federal income tax rate of 20% if the stock is held for more than one year, and will be taxed at ordinary income rates (of up to 39.6%) if the stock is held for one year or less. Gains recognized by stockholders that are corporations are subject to federal income tax at a maximum rate of 35%, whether or not such gains are classified as long-term capital gains. Capital losses recognized by a stockholder upon the disposition of our stock that was held for more than one year at the time of disposition will be considered long-term capital losses, and are generally available only to offset capital gain income of the stockholder but not ordinary income (except in the case of individuals, who may offset up to $3,000 of ordinary income each year). In addition, any loss upon a sale or exchange of shares of our stock by a stockholder who has held the shares for six months or less, after applying holding period rules, will be treated as a long-term capital loss to the extent of distributions that we make that are required to be treated by the stockholder as long-term capital gain.
If an investor recognizes a loss upon a subsequent disposition of our stock or other securities in an amount that exceeds a prescribed threshold, it is possible that the provisions of Treasury regulations involving “reportable transactions” could apply, with a resulting requirement to separately disclose the loss-generating transaction to the IRS. These regulations, though directed towards “tax shelters,” are broadly written and apply to transactions that would not typically be considered tax shelters. The Code imposes significant penalties for failure to comply with these requirements. You should consult your tax advisor concerning any possible disclosure obligation with respect to the receipt or disposition of our stock or securities or transactions that we might undertake directly or indirectly. Moreover, you should be aware that we and other participants in the transactions in which we are involved (including their advisors) might be subject to disclosure or other requirements pursuant to these regulations.
Tax rates. The maximum tax rate for non-corporate taxpayers for (i) capital gains, including certain “capital gain dividends,” is 20% (although depending on the characteristics of the assets which produced these gains and on designations which we may make, certain capital gain dividends may be taxed at a 25% rate) and (ii) “qualified dividend income” is 20%. In general, dividends payable by REITs are not eligible for the reduced tax rate on qualified dividend income, except to the extent that certain holding requirements have been met and the REIT’s dividends are attributable to dividends received from taxable corporations (such as its TRSs) or to income that was subject to tax at the corporate/REIT level (for example, if the REIT distributed taxable income that it retained and paid tax on in the prior taxable year) or are properly designated by the REIT as “capital gain dividends.”
Passive Activity Losses and Investment Interest Limitations. Distributions that we make and gain arising from the sale or exchange by a domestic stockholder of our stock will not be treated as passive activity income. As a result, stockholders will not be able to apply any “passive losses” against income or gain relating to our stock. To the extent that distributions we make do not constitute a return of capital, they will be treated as investment income for purposes of computing the investment interest limitation.
Medicare Contribution Tax. Certain U.S. stockholders who are individuals, estates or certain trusts are generally required to pay a 3.8% Medicare tax on their net investment income (including dividends and gains from the disposition of our stock), or in the case of estates and trusts on their net investment income that is not distributed, in each case to the extent that their total adjusted income exceeds applicable thresholds.
Taxation of Foreign Stockholders
The following is a summary of certain U.S. federal income and estate tax consequences of the ownership and disposition of our stock applicable to non-U.S. holders. A “non-U.S. holder” is any person other than:
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• | a citizen or resident of the United States; |
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• | a corporation (or entity treated as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes) created or organized in the United States or under the laws of the United States, or of any state thereof, or the District of Columbia; |
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• | an estate, the income of which is includable in gross income for U.S. federal income tax purposes regardless of its source; or |
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• | a trust if a U.S. court is able to exercise primary supervision over the administration of such trust and one or more U.S. fiduciaries have the authority to control all substantial decisions of the trust. |
If a partnership, including for this purpose any entity that is treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes, holds our common stock, the tax treatment of a partner in the partnership will generally depend upon the status of the partner and the activities of the partnership. An investor that is a partnership and the partners in such partnership should consult their tax advisors about the U.S. federal income tax consequences of the acquisition, ownership and disposition of our common stock.
The following discussion is based on current law, and is for general information only. It addresses only selected, and not all, aspects of U.S. federal income and estate taxation.
Ordinary Dividends. The portion of distributions received by non-U.S. holders (i) that is payable out of our earnings and profits; (ii) which is not attributable to our capital gains; and (iii) which is not effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business of the non-U.S. holder, will be subject to U.S. withholding tax at the rate of 30%, unless reduced or eliminated by treaty. Non U.S. holders are urged to consult their own tax advisors on the applicability of treaty benefits.
In general, non-U.S. holders will not be considered to be engaged in a U.S. trade or business solely as a result of their ownership of our stock. In cases where the dividend income from a non-U.S. holder’s investment in our stock is, or is treated as, effectively connected with the non-U.S. holder’s conduct of a U.S. trade or business, the non-U.S. holder generally will be subject to U.S. federal income tax at graduated rates, in the same manner as domestic stockholders are taxed with respect to such distributions. Such income must generally be reported on a U.S. income tax return filed by or on behalf of the non-U.S. holder. The income may also be subject to the 30% branch profits tax in the case of a non-U.S. holder that is a corporation.
Non-Dividend Distributions. Unless our stock constitutes a U.S. real property interest, or USRPI, distributions that we make that are not out of our earnings and profits will not be subject to U.S. income tax. If we cannot determine at the time a distribution is made whether or not the distribution will exceed current and accumulated earnings and profits, the distribution will be subject to withholding at the rate applicable to ordinary dividends. The non-U.S. holder may seek a refund from the IRS of any amounts withheld if it is subsequently determined that the distribution was, in fact, in excess of our current and accumulated earnings and profits. If our stock constitutes a USRPI, as described below, distributions that we make in excess of the sum of (i) the stockholder’s proportionate share of our earnings and profits, plus (ii) the stockholder’s basis in its stock, will be taxed under the Foreign Investment in Real Property Tax Act of 1980, or FIRPTA (unless a FIRPTA Exemption applies as discussed below), at the rate of tax, including any applicable capital gains rates, that would apply to a domestic stockholder of the same type (e.g. an individual or a corporation, as the case may be), and the collection of the tax will be enforced by a refundable withholding at a rate of 15% of the amount by which the distribution exceeds the stockholder’s share of our earnings and profits.
Capital Gain Distributions. Under FIRPTA (unless an exemption applies), a distribution that we make to a non-U.S. holder, to the extent attributable to gains from dispositions of USRPIs that we held directly or through pass-through subsidiaries, or USRPI capital gains, will, except as described below, be considered effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business of the non-U.S. holder and will be subject to U.S. income tax at the rates applicable to U.S. individuals or corporations, without regard to whether we designate the distribution as a capital gain distribution. See above under “-Taxation of Foreign Stockholders-Ordinary Dividends,” for a discussion of the consequences of income that is effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business. In addition, we will be required to withhold tax equal to 35% of the amount of distributions to the extent the distributions constitute USRPI capital gains. Distributions subject to FIRPTA may also be subject to a 30% branch profits tax in the hands of a non-U.S. holder that is a corporation. A distribution is not a USRPI capital gain if we held an interest in the underlying asset solely as a creditor. Capital gain distributions received by a non-U.S. holder that are attributable to dispositions of our assets other than USRPIs are not subject to U.S. federal income or withholding tax, unless (i) the gain is effectively connected with the non-U.S. holder’s U.S. trade or business, in which case the non-U.S. holder would be subject to the same treatment as U.S. holders with respect to such gain or (ii) the non-U.S. holder is a nonresident alien individual who was present in the United States for 183 days or more during the taxable year and has a “tax home” in the United States, in which case the non-U.S. holder will incur a 30% tax on his or her capital gains.
A capital gain distribution that would otherwise have been treated as a USRPI capital gain will not be so treated or be subject to FIRPTA, and generally will not be treated as income that is effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business, and instead will be treated in the same manner as an ordinary dividend (see “-Taxation of Foreign Stockholders-Ordinary Dividends”), if (i) the capital gain distribution is received with respect to a class of stock that is regularly traded on an established securities market located in the United States and (ii) the recipient non-U.S. holder does not own more than 10% of that class of stock at any time during the year ending on the date on which the capital gain distribution is received. At the time you purchase shares in this offering, our shares will not be publicly traded and we can give you no assurance that our shares will ever be publicly traded on an established securities market. Therefore, these rules will not apply to our capital gain distributions.
Dispositions of Our Stock. Unless our stock constitutes a USRPI, a sale of our stock by a non-U.S. holder generally will not be subject to U.S. taxation under FIRPTA. Our stock will not be treated as a USRPI if less than 50% of our assets throughout a prescribed testing period consist of interests in real property located within the United States, excluding, for this purpose, interests in real property solely in a capacity as a creditor.
Even if the foregoing 50% test is not met, our stock nonetheless will not constitute a USRPI if we are a “domestically-controlled qualified investment entity.” A “domestically-controlled qualified investment” entity includes a REIT, less than 50% of value of which is held directly or indirectly by non-U.S. holders at all times during a specified testing period. We believe that we will be a domestically-controlled qualified investment entity, and that a sale of our stock should not be subject to taxation under FIRPTA. If our stock constitutes a USRPI and we do not constitute a domestically-controlled qualified investment entity, but our stock becomes “regularly traded,” as defined by applicable Treasury Regulations, on an established securities market, a non-U.S. holder’s sale of our common stock nonetheless would not be subject to tax under FIRPTA as a sale of a USRPI, provided that the selling non-U.S. holder held 10% or less of our outstanding common stock at all times during a specified testing period. However, as mentioned above, we can give you no assurance that our common stock will ever be publicly traded on an established securities market.
If gain on the sale of our stock were subject to taxation under FIRPTA (unless an exemption applies), the non-U.S. holder would be required to file a U.S. federal income tax return and would be subject to the same treatment as a U.S. stockholder with respect to such gain, subject to applicable alternative minimum tax and a special alternative minimum tax in the case of non-resident alien individuals, and the purchaser of the stock could be required to withhold 15% of the purchase price and remit such amount to the IRS.
Gain from the sale of our stock that would not otherwise be subject to FIRPTA will nonetheless be taxable in the United States to a non-U.S. holder in two cases: (i) if the non-U.S. holder’s investment in our stock is effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business conducted by such non-U.S. holder, the non-U.S. holder will be subject to the same treatment as a U.S. stockholder with respect to such gain or (ii) if the non-U.S. holder is a nonresident alien individual who was present in the United States for 183 days or more during the taxable year and has a “tax home” in the United States, the nonresident alien individual will be subject to a 30% tax on the individual’s capital gain. In addition, even if we are a domestically controlled qualified investment entity, upon disposition of our stock, a non-U.S. holder may be treated as having gain from the sale or exchange of a USRPI if the non-U.S. holder (a) disposes of our common stock within a 30-day period preceding the ex-dividend date of a distribution, any portion of which, but for the disposition, would have been treated as gain from the sale or exchange of a USRPI and (b) acquires, or enters into a contract or option to acquire, other shares of our common stock within 30 days after such ex-dividend date.
FIRPTA Exemption - Qualified Shareholders. Subject to the exception discussed below, any distribution to a “qualified shareholder” who holds stock of a REIT directly or indirectly (through one or more partnerships) will not be subject to United States tax as income effectively connected with a United States trade or business and thus will not be subject to special withholding rules under FIRPTA. While a “qualified shareholder” will not be subject to FIRPTA withholding on REIT distributions, certain investors of a “qualified shareholder” (i.e., non- United States persons who hold interests in the “qualified shareholder” (other than interests solely as a creditor), and hold more than 10% of the stock of the REIT in which the “qualified shareholder” holds stock (whether or not by reason of the investor’s ownership in the “qualified shareholder”) may be subject to FIRPTA withholding.
A “qualified shareholder” is a foreign person that (i) either is eligible for the benefits of a comprehensive income tax treaty which includes an exchange of information program and whose principal class of interests is listed and regularly traded on one or more recognized stock exchanges (as defined in such comprehensive income tax treaty), or is a foreign partnership that is created or organized under foreign law as a limited partnership in a jurisdiction that has an agreement for the exchange of information with respect to taxes with the United States and has a class of limited partnership units representing greater than 50% of the value of all the partnership units that is regularly traded on the NYSE or NASDAQ markets, (ii) is a qualified collective investment vehicle (defined below), and (iii) maintains records on the identity of each person who, at any time during the foreign person’s taxable year, is the direct owner of 5% or more of the class of interests or units (as applicable) described in (i), above.
A qualified collective investment vehicle is a foreign person that (i) would be eligible for a reduced rate of withholding with respect to ordinary dividends under the comprehensive income tax treaty described above, even if such entity holds more than 10% of the stock of such REIT, (ii) is publicly traded (as defined in Section 7704(b) of the Code), is treated as a partnership under the Code, is a withholding foreign partnership for purposes of United States withholding taxes, and would be treated as a United States real property holding company if it were a domestic corporation, or (iii) is designated as such by the Secretary of the Treasury and is either (a) fiscally transparent within the meaning of Section 894 of the Code, or (b) required to include dividends in its gross income, but is entitled to a deduction for distributions to its investors.
FIRPTA Exemption - Qualified Foreign Pension Funds. Any distribution to a “qualified foreign pension fund” or an entity all of the interests of which are held by a “qualified foreign pension fund” who holds REIT stock directly or indirectly (through one or more partnerships) will generally not be subject to United States tax as income effectively connected with a United States trade or business and thus will not be subject to the withholding rules under FIRPTA.
A qualified foreign pension fund is any trust, corporation, or other organization or arrangement (i) which is created or organized under the law of a country other than the United States, (ii) which is established to provide retirement or pension benefits to participants or beneficiaries that are current or former employees (or persons designated by such employees) of one or more employers in consideration for services rendered, (iii) which does not have a single participant or beneficiary with a right to more than 5% of its assets or income, (iv) which is subject to government regulation and provides annual information reporting about its beneficiaries to the relevant tax authorities in the country in which it is established or operates and (v) with respect to which, under the laws of the country in which it is established or operates, (A) contributions to such organization or arrangement that would otherwise be subject to tax under such laws are deductible or excluded from the gross income of such entity or taxed at a reduced rate, or (B) taxation of any investment income of such organization or arrangement is deferred or such income is taxed at a reduced rate.
Estate Tax. If our stock is owned or treated as owned by an individual who is not a citizen or resident (as specially defined for U.S. federal estate tax purposes) of the United States at the time of such individual’s death, the stock will be includable in the individual’s gross estate for U.S. federal estate tax purposes, unless an applicable estate tax treaty provides otherwise, and may therefore be subject to U.S. federal estate tax.
Information Reporting Requirements and Backup Withholding for Non-U.S. Stockholders. Payments of dividends or of proceeds from the disposition of stock made to a non-U.S. holder may be subject to information reporting and backup withholding unless such holder establishes an exemption, for example, by properly certifying its non-U.S. status on an IRS Form W-8BEN or another appropriate version of IRS Form W-8. Notwithstanding the foregoing, backup withholding and information reporting may apply if either we have, or our paying agent has actual knowledge or reason to know, that a non-U.S. holder is a United States person. Backup withholding is not an additional tax. Rather, the United States income tax liability of persons subject to backup withholding will be reduced by the amount of tax withheld. If withholding results in an overpayment of taxes, a refund or credit may be obtained, provided that the required information is furnished to the IRS.
Foreign Accounts. The Hiring Incentives to Restore Employment Act (the “HIRE Act”), which was enacted in 2010, imposes a 30% withholding tax on certain types of payments made to “foreign financial institutions” and certain other non-U.S. entities unless certain due diligence, reporting, withholding, and certification obligations requirements are satisfied. The portion of the HIRE Act that provides for this withholding tax and related provisions is known as the “Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act” or “FATCA.”
As a general matter, FATCA (i) currently imposes a 30% withholding tax on dividends on our shares if paid to a foreign entity, and (ii) beginning January 2019 is expected to impose a 30% withholding tax on gross proceeds from the sale or other disposition of, our shares if paid to a foreign entity unless (in each case) either (i) the foreign entity is a “foreign financial institution” that undertakes certain due diligence, reporting, withholding, and certification obligations, (ii) the foreign entity is not a “foreign financial institution” and identifies certain of its U.S. investors, or (iii) the foreign entity otherwise is excepted under FATCA.
If withholding is required under FATCA on a payment related to our stock, investors that otherwise would not be subject to withholding (or that otherwise would be entitled to a reduced rate of withholding) generally will be required to seek a refund or credit from the IRS to obtain the benefit of such exemption or reduction (provided that such benefit is available). We will not pay any additional amounts in respect of amounts withheld under FATCA. Prospective investors should consult their tax advisors regarding the effect of FATCA in their particular circumstances.
Taxation of Tax-Exempt Stockholders
Tax-exempt entities, including qualified employee pension and profit sharing trusts and individual retirement accounts, generally are exempt from federal income taxation. However, they may be subject to taxation on their unrelated business taxable income, or UBTI. While some investments in real estate may generate UBTI, the IRS has ruled that dividend distributions from a REIT to a tax-exempt entity do not constitute UBTI. Based on that ruling, and provided that (i) a tax-exempt stockholder has not held our stock as “debt financed property” within the meaning of the Code (i.e. where the acquisition or holding of the property is financed through a borrowing by the tax-exempt stockholder) and (ii) our stock is not otherwise used in an unrelated trade or business, distributions that we make and income from the sale of our stock generally should not give rise to UBTI to a tax-exempt stockholder.
Tax-exempt stockholders that are social clubs, voluntary employee benefit associations, supplemental unemployment benefit trusts and qualified group legal services plans exempt from federal income taxation under Sections 501(c)(7), (c)(9), (c)(17) and (c)(20) of the Code are subject to different UBTI rules, which generally require such stockholders to characterize distributions that we make as UBTI.
In certain circumstances, a pension trust that owns more than 10% of our stock (by value) could be required to treat a percentage of its distributions as UBTI, if we are a “pension-held REIT.” We will not be a pension-held REIT unless either (i) one pension trust owns more than 25% of the value of our stock or (ii) a group of pension trusts, each individually holding more than 10% of the value of our stock, collectively owns more than 50% of our stock. Certain restrictions on ownership and transfer of our stock should generally prevent a tax-exempt entity from owning more than 10% of the value of our stock and should generally prevent us from becoming a pension-held REIT.
Tax-exempt stockholders are urged to consult their tax advisors regarding the federal, state, local and foreign income and other tax consequences of owning our stock.
Backup Withholding and Information Reporting
We will report to our domestic stockholders and the IRS the amount of dividends paid during each calendar year and the amount of any tax withheld. Under the backup withholding rules, a domestic stockholder may be subject to backup withholding with respect to dividends paid unless the holder is a corporation or comes within other exempt categories and, when required, demonstrates this fact or provides a taxpayer identification number or social security number, certifies as to no loss of exemption from backup withholding and otherwise complies with applicable requirements of the backup withholding rules. A domestic stockholder that does not provide his or her correct taxpayer identification number or social security number may also be subject to penalties imposed by the IRS. Backup withholding is not an additional tax. In addition, we may be required to withhold a portion of a capital gain distribution to any domestic stockholder who fails to certify its non-foreign status.
We must report annually to the IRS and to each non-U.S. stockholder the amount of dividends paid to such holder and the tax withheld with respect to such dividends, regardless of whether withholding was required. Copies of the information returns reporting such dividends and withholding may also be made available to the tax authorities in the country in which the non-U.S. stockholder resides under the provisions of an applicable income tax treaty. A non-U.S. stockholder may be subject to backup withholding unless applicable certification requirements are met.
Payment of the proceeds of a sale of our common stock within the United States is subject to both backup withholding and information reporting unless the beneficial owner certifies under penalties of perjury that it is a non-U.S. stockholder (and the payor does not have actual knowledge or reason to know that the beneficial owner is a U.S. person) or the holder otherwise establishes an exemption. Payment of the proceeds of a sale of our common stock conducted through certain U.S.-related financial intermediaries is subject to information reporting (but not backup withholding) unless the
financial intermediary has documentary evidence in its records that the beneficial owner is a non-U.S. stockholder and specified conditions are met or an exemption is otherwise established. Any amounts withheld under the backup withholding rules may be allowed as a refund or a credit against such holder’s U.S. federal income tax liability provided the required information is furnished to the IRS.
Other Tax Considerations
Legislative or Other Actions Affecting REITs
The rules dealing with federal income taxation are constantly under review by persons involved in the legislative process and by the IRS and the U.S. Treasury Department. Changes to the federal tax laws and interpretations thereof could adversely affect an investment in our stock. Specifically, according to publicly released statements, it is a top legislative priority of the current administration to enact significant reform to federal tax laws. There is a substantial lack of clarity around the likelihood, timing and details of any such tax reform and its potential impact on us.
State, Local and Foreign Taxes
We and our subsidiaries and stockholders may be subject to state, local or foreign taxation in various jurisdictions including those in which we or they transact business, own property or reside. We may own real property assets located in numerous jurisdictions, and may be required to file tax returns in some or all of those jurisdictions. Our state, local or foreign tax treatment and that of our stockholders may not conform to the federal income tax treatment discussed above. We may own foreign real estate assets and pay foreign property taxes, and dispositions of foreign property or operations involving, or investments in, foreign real estate assets may give rise to foreign income or other tax liability in amounts that could be substantial. Any foreign taxes that we incur do not pass through to stockholders as a credit against their U.S. federal income tax liability. Prospective investors should consult their tax advisors regarding the application and effect of state, local and foreign income and other tax laws on an investment in our stock.
PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION
General
We are offering up to an aggregate of $800,000,000 in shares of our Class A and Class T common stock to our existing stockholders under the DRP. Excluding distributions that our board of directors designates as ineligible for reinvestment under the DRP, we will apply that portion (as designated by a stockholder participating in the DRP) of the distributions declared and paid in respect of a such participant’s shares of any class of our common stock to the purchase of additional shares for such participant. Purchases will be in the same class of shares as the shares for which such participant received the distributions that are being reinvested.
The current offering price of shares under the DRP is $8.75 per share, which is equal to the estimated NAV per share of our common stock as estimated by our board of directors on August 9, 2017. See “Determination of Estimated Net Asset Value Per Share.” We will adjust the offering price of the DRP shares during the course of this offering when we announce an updated estimated NAV per share of our common stock. We currently expect to update the estimated NAV per share annually in December.
We may continue to offer shares under the DRP until we have sold up to an aggregate of $800,000,000 in shares of our Class A and Class T common stock through the reinvestment of distributions. In some states, we will need to renew the registration of our shares annually to continue the DRP offering. As of November 10, 2017, we had sold an aggregate of 344,868 shares of common stock under the DRP for aggregate gross proceeds of $3.3 million and, accordingly, there was an aggregate of $796.7 million in shares of our Class A and Class T common stock available for sale under the DRP.
No selling commissions or dealer manager fees are payable on shares sold under the DRP.
To the extent permitted by law and our charter, we will indemnify the broker-dealers and registered investment advisers that participated in our primary initial public offering, other broker-dealers and registered investment advisers who sign a servicing agreement with respect to the DRP and our dealer manager for our initial public offering, KBS Capital Markets Group, against some civil liabilities, including certain liabilities under the Securities Act. See “Limited Liability and Indemnification of Directors, Officers, Employees and Other Agents” in this prospectus.
Enrollment Procedures
You may elect to participate, or increase your participation, in the DRP plan by completing an enrollment form. Your participation in the DRP will begin with the next distribution made after receipt of the enrollment form in good order.
Suitability Standards
Our sponsor, those selling shares on our behalf and participating broker-dealers and registered investment advisers recommending the purchase of shares in this offering have the responsibility to make every reasonable effort to determine that your purchase of shares in this offering is a suitable and appropriate investment for you based on information provided by you regarding your financial situation and investment objectives. In making this determination, these persons have the responsibility to ascertain that you:
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• | meet the minimum income and net worth standards set forth under “Suitability Standards” immediately following the cover page of this prospectus; |
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• | can reasonably benefit from an investment in our shares based on your overall investment objectives and portfolio structure; |
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• | are able to bear the economic risk of the investment based on your overall financial situation; |
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• | are in a financial position appropriate to enable you to realize to a significant extent the benefits described in this prospectus of an investment in our shares; and |
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• | have apparent understanding of: |
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◦ | the fundamental risks of the investment; |
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◦ | the risk that you may lose your entire investment; |
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◦ | the lack of liquidity of our shares; |
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◦ | the restrictions on transferability of our shares; and |
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◦ | the tax consequences of your investment. |
Relevant information for this purpose will include at least your age, investment objectives, investment experience, income, net worth, financial situation and other investments as well as any other pertinent factors. Our sponsor, those selling shares on our behalf and participating broker-dealers and registered investment advisers recommending the purchase of shares in this offering must maintain, for a six-year period, records of the information used to determine that an investment in shares is suitable and appropriate for you.
DESCRIPTION OF SHARES
Our charter authorizes the issuance of 1,010,000,000 shares of capital stock, of which 1,000,000,000 shares are designated as common stock with a par value of $0.01 per share and 10,000,000 shares are designated as preferred stock with a par value of $0.01 per share. Of the total shares of common stock authorized, 500,000,000 shares are classified as Class A shares and 500,000,000 are classified as Class T shares. In addition, our board of directors may amend our charter to increase or decrease the amount of our authorized shares. As of November 10, 2017, approximately 9,113,479 and 280,519 shares of our Class A and Class T common stock, respectively, were issued and outstanding, and no shares of our preferred stock were issued and outstanding.
Common Stock
The holders of our common stock are entitled to one vote per share on all matters submitted to a stockholder vote, including the election of our directors. Our charter does not provide for cumulative voting in the election of our directors. Therefore, the holders of a majority of our outstanding shares of common stock can elect our entire board of directors. Unless applicable law requires otherwise, and except as our charter may provide with respect to any series of preferred stock that we may issue in the future, the holders of our common stock will possess exclusive voting power.
Holders of our common stock are entitled to receive such distributions on their shares as may be declared from time to time by our board of directors out of legally available funds, subject to any preferential rights of any preferred stock that we issue in the future. In any liquidation, each outstanding share of common stock entitles its holder to share (based on the percentage of shares held) in the assets that remain after we pay our liabilities and any preferential distributions owed to preferred stockholders. Holders of shares of our common stock will not have preemptive rights, which means that you will not have an automatic option to purchase any new shares that we issue, nor will holders of our shares of common stock have any preference, conversion, exchange, sinking fund, redemption or appraisal rights. Our common stock shall be non-assessable by us upon our receipt of the consideration for which our board of directors authorized its issuance.
Our board of directors has authorized the issuance of shares of our capital stock without certificates. We do not expect to issue shares in certificated form. Information regarding restrictions on the transferability of our shares that, under Maryland law, would otherwise have been required to appear on our share certificates will instead be furnished to stockholders upon request and without charge.
We maintain a stock ledger that contains the name and address of each stockholder and the number of shares that the stockholder holds. With respect to uncertificated stock, we will continue to treat the stockholder registered on our stock ledger as the owner of the shares until the new owner delivers a properly executed form to us, which form we will provide to any registered holder upon request.
Preferred Stock
Our charter authorizes our board of directors to designate and issue one or more classes or series of preferred stock without approval of our common stockholders. A majority of our conflicts committee who do not have an interest in the transaction must approve any issuance of preferred stock. In addition, our charter empowers our conflicts committee to retain its own legal and financial advisors at the expense of the company. Our board of directors may determine the relative rights, preferences and privileges of each class or series of preferred stock so issued, which may be more beneficial than the rights, preferences and privileges attributable to our common stock. The issuance of preferred stock could have the effect of delaying or preventing a change in control. Our board of directors has no present plans to issue preferred stock but may do so at any time in the future without stockholder approval.
Meetings and Special Voting Requirements
An annual meeting of our stockholders will be held each year, at least 30 days after delivery of our annual report. Special meetings of stockholders may be called only upon the request of a majority of our directors, a majority of our independent directors, our chief executive officer, our president or upon the written request of stockholders holding shares representing at least 10% of the votes entitled to be cast on any issue proposed to be considered at the special meeting. Upon receipt of a written request of common stockholders holding shares representing at least 10% of the votes entitled to be cast stating the purpose of the special meeting, our secretary, within ten days of receipt of such request, will provide all of our stockholders written notice of the meeting and the purpose of such meeting. The meeting must be held not less than 15 days or more than 60 days after the distribution of the notice of the meeting. The presence in person or by proxy of stockholders entitled to cast 50% of all the votes entitled to be cast on any matter at any stockholder meeting constitutes a quorum. Unless otherwise provided by the Maryland General Corporation Law or our charter, the affirmative vote of a majority of all votes cast is necessary to take stockholder action. Under our charter, a majority of the shares entitled to vote and present in person or by proxy at a meeting of stockholders at which a quorum is present is required for the election of the directors at a meeting
of stockholders called for that purpose. This means that, of the shares entitled to vote and present in person or by proxy, a director nominee needs to receive affirmative votes from a majority of such shares in order to be elected to our board of directors. Therefore, if a nominee receives fewer “for” votes than “withhold” votes in an election, then the nominee will not be elected.
Our charter provides that the concurrence of our board is not required in order for the common stockholders to amend the charter, dissolve the corporation or remove directors. However, we have been advised that the Maryland General Corporation Law does require board approval in order to amend our charter or dissolve. Without the approval of a majority of the shares of common stock entitled to vote on the matter, our board of directors may not:
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• | amend the charter to adversely affect the rights, preferences and privileges of the common stockholders; |
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• | amend charter provisions relating to director qualifications, fiduciary duties, liability and indemnification, conflicts of interest, investment policies or investment restrictions; |
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• | cause our liquidation or dissolution after our initial investment; |
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• | sell all or substantially all of our assets other than in the ordinary course of business; or |
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• | cause our merger or reorganization. |
The term of our advisory agreement with KBS Capital Advisors will end after one year but may be renewed for an unlimited number of successive one-year periods upon the mutual consent of KBS Capital Advisors and us. Our independent directors will annually review our advisory agreement with KBS Capital Advisors. While the stockholders do not have the ability to vote to replace KBS Capital Advisors or to select a new advisor, any director or the entire board of directors may be removed, with or without cause, by a vote of the holders of a majority of the shares then entitled to vote on the election of directors at any meeting of stockholders called expressly for the purpose of removing a director.
Advance Notice for Stockholder Nominations for Directors and Proposals of New Business
In order for a stockholder to nominate a director or propose new business at the annual stockholders’ meeting, our bylaws generally require that the stockholder give notice of the nomination or proposal not more than 150 days or less than 120 days prior to the first anniversary of the date of the proxy statement for the preceding year’s annual stockholders’ meeting, unless such nomination or proposal is made pursuant to the company’s notice of the meeting or by or at the direction of our board of directors. Our bylaws contain a similar notice requirement in connection with nominations for directors at a special meeting of stockholders called for the purpose of electing one or more directors. Failure to comply with the notice provisions will make stockholders unable to nominate directors or propose new business.
Restriction on Ownership of Shares
Ownership Limit
To maintain our REIT qualification, not more than 50% in value of our outstanding shares may be owned, directly or indirectly, by five or fewer individuals (including certain entities treated as individuals under the Internal Revenue Code) during the last half of each taxable year. In addition, at least 100 persons who are independent of us and each other must beneficially own our outstanding shares for at least 335 days per 12-month taxable year or during a proportionate part of a shorter taxable year. Each of the requirements specified in the two preceding sentences shall not apply to any period prior to the second year for which we elect to be taxed as a REIT. We may prohibit certain acquisitions and transfers of shares so as to ensure our continued qualification as a REIT under the Internal Revenue Code. However, we cannot assure our stockholders that this prohibition will be effective.
To help ensure that we meet these tests, our charter prohibits any person or group of persons from acquiring, directly or indirectly, beneficial ownership of more than 9.8% of our aggregate outstanding shares unless exempted by our board of directors. Our board of directors may waive this ownership limit with respect to a particular person if our board receives evidence that ownership in excess of the limit will not jeopardize our REIT status. For purposes of this provision, we treat corporations, partnerships and other entities as single persons.
Any attempted transfer of our shares that, if effective, would result in a violation of our ownership limit or would result in our shares being owned by fewer than 100 persons will be null and void and will cause the number of shares causing the violation to be automatically transferred to a trust for the exclusive benefit of one or more charitable beneficiaries. The prohibited transferee will not acquire any rights in the shares. The automatic transfer will be deemed to be effective as of the close of business on the business day prior to the date of the attempted transfer. We will designate a trustee of the trust that will not be affiliated with us or the prohibited transferee. We will also name one or more charitable organizations as a beneficiary of the share trust.
Shares held in trust will remain issued and outstanding and will be entitled to the same rights and privileges as all other shares of the same class or series. The prohibited transferee will not benefit economically from any of the shares held in trust, will not have any rights to dividends or distributions and will not have the right to vote or any other rights attributable to the shares held in the trust. The trustee will receive all dividends and distributions on the shares held in trust and will hold such dividends or distributions in trust for the benefit of the charitable beneficiary. The trustee may vote any shares held in trust.
Within 20 days of receiving notice from us that any of our shares have been transferred to the trust for the charitable beneficiary, the trustee will sell those shares to a person designated by the trustee whose ownership of the shares will not violate the above restrictions. Upon the sale, the interest of the charitable beneficiary in the shares sold will terminate and the trustee will distribute the net proceeds of the sale to the prohibited transferee and to the charitable beneficiary as follows. The prohibited transferee will receive the lesser of (i) the price paid by the prohibited transferee for the shares or, if the prohibited transferee did not give value for the shares in connection with the event causing the shares to be held in the trust (e.g. a gift, devise or other similar transaction), the market price (as defined in our charter) of the shares on the day of the event causing the shares to be held in the trust and (ii) the price received by the trustee from the sale or other disposition of the shares. Any net sale proceeds in excess of the amount payable to the prohibited transferee will be paid immediately to the charitable beneficiary. If, prior to our discovery that shares have been transferred to the trust, the shares are sold by the prohibited transferee, then (a) the shares shall be deemed to have been sold on behalf of the trust and (b) to the extent that the prohibited transferee received an amount for the shares that exceeds the amount he was entitled to receive, the excess shall be paid to the trustee upon demand.
In addition, shares held in the trust for the charitable beneficiary will be deemed to have been offered for sale to us, or our designee, at a price per share equal to the lesser of (i) the price per share in the transaction that resulted in the transfer to the trust (or, in the case of a devise or gift, the market price at the time of the devise or gift) and (ii) the market price on the date we, or our designee, accept the offer. We will have the right to accept the offer until the trustee has sold the shares. Upon a sale to us, the interest of the charitable beneficiary in the shares sold will terminate and the trustee will distribute the net proceeds of the sale to the prohibited transferee.
Any person who acquires or attempts to acquire shares in violation of the foregoing restrictions or who would have owned the shares that were transferred to any such trust must give us immediate written notice of such event, and any person who proposes or attempts to acquire or receive shares in violation of the foregoing restrictions must give us at least 15 days’ written notice prior to such transaction. In both cases, such persons shall provide to us such other information as we may request in order to determine the effect, if any, of such transfer on our status as a REIT.
The foregoing restrictions will continue to apply until our board of directors determines it is no longer in our best interest to continue to qualify as a REIT. The ownership limit does not apply to any underwriter in an offering of our shares or to a person or persons exempted from the ownership limit by our board of directors based upon appropriate assurances that our qualification as a REIT would not be jeopardized.
Within 30 days after the end of each taxable year, every owner of 5% (or such lower percentage as required by the Internal Revenue Code or regulations promulgated thereunder) or more of our outstanding capital stock will be asked to deliver to us a statement setting forth the number of shares owned directly or indirectly by such person and a description of how such person holds the shares. Each such owner shall also provide us with such additional information as we may request in order to determine the effect, if any, of his or her beneficial ownership on our status as a REIT and to ensure compliance with our ownership limit.
These restrictions could delay, defer or prevent a transaction or change in control of our company that might involve a premium price for our shares of common stock or otherwise be in the best interests of our stockholders.
Suitability Standards
State securities laws and our charter require that purchasers of our common stock meet standards regarding net worth or income. These standards are described above at “Suitability Standards” immediately following the cover page of this prospectus.
Distributions
We expect our board of directors to authorize and declare cash distributions based on daily record dates and to pay these distributions on a monthly basis. Distributions will be determined by our board of directors based on our financial condition and such other factors as our board of directors deems relevant. Our board of directors has not pre‑established a percentage rate of return for distributions to stockholders. We have not established a distribution level, and our charter does not require that we make distributions to our stockholders.
Generally, our policy will be to pay cash distributions from cash flow from operations. However, we expect to have little, if any, cash flow from operations available for distribution until we make substantial investments. During our offering stage, when we may raise capital more quickly than we acquire income producing assets, and for some period after our offering stage, we may not be able to pay distributions solely from our cash flow from operations. Further, because we may receive income from interest or rents at various times during our fiscal year and because we may need cash flow from operations during a particular period to fund capital expenditures and other expenses, we expect that, at least during the early stages of our development and from time to time during our operational stage, we will declare distributions in anticipation of cash flow that we expect to receive during a later period and we will pay these distributions in advance of our actual receipt of these funds. In these instances, we expect to utilize debt financing, including advances from our advisor, if necessary, to fund at least a portion of our distributions. We may also fund such distributions from the sale of assets. We may fund distributions from any source, including, without limitation, offering proceeds or borrowings. Our distribution policy is generally not to use proceeds of an offering to pay distributions. If we pay distributions from sources other than our cash flow from operations, we will have fewer funds available for investment in assets, the overall return to our stockholders may be reduced and subsequent investors will experience dilution. Additional information regarding cash distributions paid and stock dividends issued is included in our periodic reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission.
Though we do not currently intend to declare stock dividends, our board of directors may declare stock dividends from time to time. For instance, if our board of directors believes assets in our portfolio have appreciated in value after acquisition our board of directors may declare a stock dividend. To the extent we issue stock dividends the return on invested capital for investors purchasing our stock after payment of the stock dividend will be below the return on invested capital of investors who received the stock dividend.
Distributions paid through September 30, 2017 have been funded with debt financing, including advances from our advisor. Our advisor is not obligated to advance funds to us, and has only agreed to advance funds to us for distributions with record dates through May 31, 2016.
We are only obligated to repay our advisor for its advance if and to the extent that:
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(i) | our modified funds from operations (“MFFO”), as such term is defined by the Investment Program Association and interpreted by us, for the immediately preceding month exceeds the amount of distributions declared for record dates of such prior month (an “MFFO Surplus”), and we will pay our advisor the amount of the MFFO Surplus to reduce the principal amount outstanding under the advance, provided that such payments shall only be made if management in its sole discretion expects an MFFO Surplus to be recurring for at least the next two calendar quarters, determined on a quarterly basis; or |
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(ii) | Excess proceeds from third‑party financings are available, provided that the amount of any such Excess Proceeds that may be used to repay the principal amount outstanding under the advance shall be determined by our conflicts committee in its sole discretion. |
In determining whether Excess Proceeds are available to repay the advance, our conflicts committee will consider whether cash on hand could have been used to reduce the amount of third‑party financing provided to us. If such cash could have been used instead of third‑party financing, the third‑party financing proceeds will be available to repay the advance.
No interest accrues on the advance made by our advisor. As of the date of this prospectus, $1.3 million had been advanced to us by our advisor for cash distributions.
Over the long‑term, we expect that a greater percentage of our distributions will be paid from cash flow from operations and funds from operations (“FFO”) (except with respect to distributions related to sales of our assets. Our operating performance cannot be accurately predicted and may deteriorate in the future due to numerous factors, including those incorporated by reference into this prospectus under “Risk Factors.” Those factors include: our ability to raise capital to make additional investments; the future operating performance of our current and future real estate investments in the existing real estate and financial environment; our advisor’s ability to identify additional real estate investments that are suitable to execute our investment objectives; the success and economic viability of our tenants; our ability to refinance existing indebtedness at comparable terms; changes in interest rates on any variable rate debt obligations we incur; and the level of participation in our distribution reinvestment plan. In the event our FFO and/or cash flow from operations decrease in the future, the level of our distributions may also decrease. In addition, future distributions declared and paid may exceed FFO and/or cash flow from operations.
To maintain our qualification as a REIT, we must make aggregate annual distributions to our stockholders of at least 90% of our REIT taxable income (which is computed without regard to the dividends‑paid deduction or net capital gain and which does not necessarily equal net income as calculated in accordance with GAAP). If we meet the REIT qualification requirements, we generally will not be subject to federal income tax on the income that we distribute to our stockholders each
year. See “Federal Income Tax Considerations-Taxation of KBS Growth & Income REIT-Annual Distribution Requirements.” Our board of directors may authorize distributions in excess of those required for us to maintain REIT status depending on our financial condition and such other factors as our board of directors deems relevant.
Distributions that our stockholders receive, including distributions that are reinvested pursuant to our distribution reinvestment plan, will be taxed as ordinary income to the extent they are from current or accumulated earnings and profits. Participants in our distribution reinvestment plan will also be treated for tax purposes as having received an additional distribution to the extent that they purchase shares under our distribution reinvestment plan at a discount to fair market value, if any. As a result, participants in our distribution reinvestment plan may have tax liability with respect to their share of our taxable income, but they will not receive cash distributions to pay such liability.
To the extent any portion of a stockholder’s distribution is not from current or accumulated earnings and profits, it will not be subject to tax immediately; it will be considered a return of capital for tax purposes and will reduce the tax basis of the stockholder’s investment (and potentially result in taxable gain upon the stockholder’s sale of the stock). During the first few years of our operations, we expect that portions of our distributions will not be funded from current or accumulated earnings and profits and will therefore be considered a return of capital. Distributions that constitute a return of capital, in effect, defer a portion of a stockholder’s tax until the stockholder’s investment is sold or we are liquidated, at which time the stockholder will be taxed at capital gains rates. However, because each investor’s tax considerations are different, we suggest that stockholders consult with their tax advisor.
Inspection of Books and Records
Under Maryland law, a stockholder is entitled to inspect and copy (at all reasonable times) the following corporate documents: bylaws, minutes of the proceedings of stockholders, annual statements of affairs, voting trust agreements and stock records for certain specified periods. In addition, within seven days after a request for such documents is presented to an officer or our resident agent, we will have the requested documents available on file at our principal office. As a part of our books and records, we will maintain at our principal office an alphabetical list of the names of our common stockholders, along with their addresses and telephone numbers and the number of shares of common stock held by each of them. We will update this stockholder list at least quarterly and it will be available for inspection at our principal office by a common stockholder or his or her designated agent upon request of the stockholder. We will also mail this list to any common stockholder within ten days of receipt of his or her request. We may impose a reasonable charge for expenses incurred in reproducing such list. Stockholders, however, may not sell or use this list for commercial purposes. The purposes for which stockholders may request this list include matters relating to their voting rights.
If our advisor or our board of directors neglects or refuses to exhibit, produce or mail a copy of the stockholder list as requested, our advisor and/or board, as the case may be, shall be liable to the common stockholder requesting the list for the costs, including attorneys’ fees, incurred by that stockholder for compelling the production of the stockholder list and any actual damages suffered by any common stockholder for the neglect or refusal to produce the list. It shall be a defense that the actual purpose and reason for the requests for inspection or for a copy of the stockholder list is not for a proper purpose but is instead for the purpose of securing such list of stockholders or other information for the purpose of selling such list or copies thereof, or of using the same for a commercial purpose other than in the interest of the applicant as a stockholder relative to the affairs of our company. We may require that the stockholder requesting the stockholder list represent that the request is not for a commercial purpose unrelated to the stockholder’s interest in our company. The remedies provided by our charter to stockholders requesting copies of the stockholder list are in addition to, and do not in any way limit, other remedies available to stockholders under federal law, or the law of any state.
Business Combinations
Under the Maryland General Corporation Law, business combinations between a Maryland corporation and an interested stockholder or the interested stockholder’s affiliate are prohibited for five years after the most recent date on which the stockholder becomes an interested stockholder. For this purpose, the term “business combination” includes mergers, consolidations, share exchanges, asset transfers and issuances or reclassifications of equity securities. An “interested stockholder” is defined for this purpose as: (i) any person who beneficially owns 10% or more of the voting power of the corporation’s shares or (ii) an affiliate or associate of the corporation who, at any time within the two-year period prior to the date in question, was the beneficial owner of 10% or more of the voting power of the then outstanding voting shares of the corporation. A person is not an interested stockholder under the statute if the board of directors approved in advance the transaction by which he otherwise would have become an interested stockholder. However, in approving a transaction, the board of directors may provide that its approval is subject to compliance, at or after the time of approval, with any terms and conditions determined by the board.
After the five-year prohibition, any business combination between the corporation and an interested stockholder generally must be recommended by the board of directors of the corporation and approved by the affirmative vote of at least: (i) 80% of the votes entitled to be cast by holders of outstanding voting shares of the corporation and (ii) two-thirds of the votes entitled to be cast by holders of voting shares of the corporation other than shares held by the interested stockholder or its affiliate with whom the business combination is to be effected, or held by an affiliate or associate of the interested stockholder.
These super-majority vote requirements do not apply if the corporation’s common stockholders receive a minimum price, as defined under the Maryland General Corporation Law, for their shares in the form of cash or other consideration in the same form as previously paid by the interested stockholder for its shares.
None of these provisions of the Maryland General Corporation Law will apply, however, to business combinations that are approved or exempted by the board of directors of the corporation prior to the time that the interested stockholder becomes an interested stockholder. We have opted out of these provisions by resolution of our board of directors. However, our board of directors may, by resolution, opt in to the business combination statute in the future.
Control Share Acquisitions
The Maryland General Corporation Law provides that control shares of a Maryland corporation acquired in a control share acquisition have no voting rights except to the extent approved by a vote of two-thirds of the votes entitled to be cast on the matter. Shares owned by the acquirer, an officer of the corporation or an employee of the corporation who is also a director of the corporation are excluded from the vote on whether to accord voting rights to the control shares. “Control shares” are voting shares that, if aggregated with all other shares owned by the acquirer or with respect to which the acquirer has the right to vote or to direct the voting of, other than solely by virtue of revocable proxy, would entitle the acquirer to exercise voting power in electing directors within one of the following ranges of voting power:
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• | one-tenth or more but less than one-third; |
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• | one-third or more but less than a majority; or |
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• | a majority or more of all voting power. |
Control shares do not include shares the acquiring person is then entitled to vote as a result of having previously obtained stockholder approval. Except as otherwise specified in the statute, a “control share acquisition” means the acquisition of control shares.
Once a person who has made or proposes to make a control share acquisition has undertaken to pay expenses and has satisfied other required conditions, the person may compel the board of directors to call a special meeting of stockholders to be held within 50 days of the demand to consider the voting rights of the shares. If no request for a meeting is made, the corporation may itself present the question at any stockholders meeting.
If voting rights are not approved for the control shares at the meeting or if the acquiring person does not deliver an “acquiring person statement” for the control shares as required by the statute, the corporation may redeem any or all of the control shares for their fair value, except for control shares for which voting rights have previously been approved. Fair value is to be determined for this purpose without regard to the absence of voting rights for the control shares, and is to be determined as of the date of the last control share acquisition or of any meeting of stockholders at which the voting rights for control shares are considered and not approved.
If voting rights for control shares are approved at a stockholders meeting and the acquirer becomes entitled to vote a majority of the shares entitled to vote, all other stockholders may exercise appraisal rights. The fair value of the shares as determined for purposes of these appraisal rights may not be less than the highest price per share paid in the control share acquisition. Some of the limitations and restrictions otherwise applicable to the exercise of dissenters’ rights do not apply in the context of a control share acquisition.
The control share acquisition statute does not apply to shares acquired in a merger, consolidation or share exchange if the corporation is a party to the transaction or to acquisitions approved or exempted by the charter or bylaws of the corporation.
Our bylaws contain a provision exempting from the control share acquisition statute any and all acquisitions by any person of our stock. There can be no assurance that this provision will not be amended or eliminated at any time in the future.
Subtitle 8
Subtitle 8 of Title 3 of the Maryland General Corporation Law permits a Maryland corporation with a class of equity securities registered under the Exchange Act, and at least three independent directors to elect to be subject, by provision in its charter or bylaws or a resolution of its board of directors and notwithstanding any contrary provision in the charter or bylaws, to any or all of the five provisions of the statute:
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• | a two-thirds vote requirement for removing a director, |
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• | a requirement that the number of directors be fixed only by vote of the directors, |
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• | a requirement that a vacancy on the board be filled only by the remaining directors and for the remainder of the full term of the directorship in which the vacancy occurred, and |
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• | a majority requirement for the calling of a special meeting of stockholders. |
Through provisions in our bylaws unrelated to Subtitle 8, we already vest in our board of directors the exclusive power to fix the number of directorships. Our bylaws may be amended by our stockholders or our board of directors.
Tender Offers by Stockholders
Our charter provides that any tender offer made by a stockholder, including any “mini-tender” offer, must comply with certain notice and disclosure requirements. These procedural requirements with respect to tender offers apply to any widespread solicitation for shares of our stock at firm prices for a limited time period.
In order for one of our stockholders to conduct a tender offer to another stockholder, our charter requires that the stockholder comply with Regulation 14D of the Exchange Act, and provide us notice of such tender offer at least 10 business days before initiating the tender offer. Pursuant to our charter, Regulation 14D would require any stockholder initiating a tender offer to provide:
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• | Specific disclosure to stockholders focusing on the terms of the offer and information about the bidder; |
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• | The ability to allow stockholders to withdraw tendered shares while the offer remains open; |
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• | The right to have tendered shares accepted on a pro rata basis throughout the term of the offer if the offer is for less than all of our shares; and |
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• | That all stockholders of the subject class of shares be treated equally. |
In addition to the foregoing, there are certain ramifications to stockholders should they attempt to conduct a noncompliant tender offer. If any stockholder initiates a tender offer without complying with the provisions set forth above, all tendering stockholders will have the opportunity to rescind the tender of their shares to the non-complying offer or within 30 days of our provision of a position statement on such non-compliant tender offer to stockholder. The noncomplying stockholder shall also be responsible for all of our expenses in connection with that stockholder’s noncompliance.
Share Redemption Program
Our share redemption program may enable our stockholders to sell their shares of common stock to us in limited circumstances. In its sole discretion, our board of directors could choose to terminate or suspend the program or to amend its provisions without stockholder approval. The following discussion summarizes the principal terms of our share redemption program.
Redemption Price
To the extent we have funds available for redemption, with respect to redemptions submitted other than in connection with a stockholder’s death, “qualifying disability”, or “determination of incompetence” (“Ordinary Redemptions”), for those shares held by the redeeming stockholder for at least one year, we will redeem all shares submitted in connection with an Ordinary Redemption at 95.0% of our estimated NAV per share as of the applicable redemption date.
On August 9, 2017, our board of directors approved an estimated NAV per share of our common stock of $8.75 based on the estimated value of our assets less the estimated value of our liabilities, or NAV, divided by the number of shares outstanding, all as of June 30, 2017. We generally expect to update the estimated NAV per share annually in December. We will report the estimated NAV per share in a Current Report on Form 8-K or in our annual or quarterly reports, all publicly filed with the SEC.
Limitations on Redemption
There are several limitations on our ability to redeem shares under the program:
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• | With respect to Ordinary Redemptions, we may not redeem shares unless the stockholder has held the shares for one year; provided, that for purposes of determining whether a redeeming stockholder has held the share submitted for redemption for at least one year, the time period begins as of the date the stockholder acquired the share; provided further, that shares purchased by the redeeming stockholder pursuant to our distribution reinvestment plan or received as a stock dividend will be deemed to have been acquired on the same date as the initial share to which the distribution reinvestment plan shares or stock dividend shares relate. The date of the share’s original issuance by us is not determinative. |
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• | During any calendar year, we may redeem only the number of shares that we could purchase with the amount of net proceeds from the sale of shares under our distribution reinvestment plan during the prior calendar year. However, we may increase or decrease the funding available for the redemption of shares pursuant to the program upon ten business days’ notice to our stockholders. We may provide notice by including such information (i) in a separate mailing to our stockholders, or (ii) in a Current Report on Form 8-K or in our annual or quarterly reports, all publicly filed with the SEC. |
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• | During any calendar year, we may redeem no more than 5% of the weighted‑average number of shares outstanding during the prior calendar year. |
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• | We have no obligation to redeem shares if the redemption would violate the restrictions on distributions under Maryland law, which prohibits distributions that would cause a corporation to fail to meet statutory tests of solvency. |
Procedures for Redemption
We will redeem shares on the last business day of each month, except that the first redemption date following our announcement of an updated estimated NAV per share shall be no less than ten business days after our notification to stockholders of such estimated NAV per share in a filing with the SEC and the redemption date shall be set forth in such filing. The program administrator must receive our stockholders’ written request for redemption at least five business days before the redemption date in order for us to repurchase their shares on the redemption date. If we could not repurchase all shares presented for redemption in any month, we would attempt to honor redemption requests on a pro rata basis, except that if a pro rata redemption would result in the stockholder owning less than the minimum purchase amount described in our currently effective, or our most recently effective, registration statement, as such registration statement has been amended or supplemented, then we will redeem all of such stockholder’s shares.
If we did not completely satisfy a stockholder’s redemption request on a redemption date because the program administrator did not receive the request in time, because of the limitations on redemptions set forth in the program or because of a suspension of the program, we would treat the unsatisfied portion of the redemption request as a request for redemption at the next redemption date funds are available for redemption or at the next redemption date after the resumption of our share redemption program unless the stockholder withdrew his or her request before the next date for redemptions. Any stockholder could withdraw a redemption request upon written notice to the program administrator if such notice were received by us at least five business days before the redemption date.
Upon a transfer of shares any pending redemption requests with respect to such transferred shares will be canceled as of the date the transfer is accepted by us. Stockholders wishing to continue to have a redemption request related to any transferred shares considered by us must resubmit their redemption request. Upon a transfer of shares any pending redemption requests with respect to such transferred shares will be canceled as of the date the transfer is accepted by us. Stockholders wishing to continue to have a redemption request related to any transferred shares considered by us must resubmit their redemption request.
Special Redemptions
In several respects we would treat redemptions sought upon a stockholder’s death, qualifying disability or determination of incompetence (each as defined in the program and collectively, “Special Redemptions”), differently from other redemptions:
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• | there is no one‑year holding requirement; |
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• | the redemption price is the estimated NAV per share as of the redemption date. |
In order for a disability to entitle a stockholder to the Special Redemption terms described above (i.e. to be a “qualifying disability”), (i) the stockholder would have to receive a determination of disability based upon a physical or mental condition or impairment arising after the date the stockholder acquired the shares to be redeemed and (ii) such determination of disability would have to be made by the governmental agency responsible for reviewing the disability retirement benefits that the stockholder could be eligible to receive, which we refer to as the applicable governmental agencies. The applicable governmental agencies would be limited to the following: (a) if the stockholder paid Social Security taxes and, therefore, could be eligible to receive Social Security disability benefits, then the applicable governmental agency would be the Social Security Administration or the agency charged with responsibility for administering Social Security disability benefits at that time if other than the Social Security Administration; (b) if the stockholder did not pay Social Security taxes and, therefore, could not be eligible to receive Social Security disability benefits, but the stockholder could be eligible to receive disability benefits under the Civil Service Retirement System, or CSRS, then the applicable governmental agency would be the U.S. Office of Personnel Management or the agency charged with responsibility for administering CSRS benefits at that time if other than the Office of Personnel Management; or (c) if the stockholder did not pay Social Security taxes and therefore could not be eligible to receive Social Security benefits but suffered a disability that resulted in the stockholder’s discharge from military service under conditions that were other than dishonorable and, therefore, could be eligible to receive military disability benefits, then the applicable governmental agency would be the Department of Veterans Affairs or the agency charged with the responsibility for administering military disability benefits at that time if other than the Department of Veterans Affairs.
Disability determinations by governmental agencies for purposes other than those listed above, including but not limited to worker’s compensation insurance, administration or enforcement of the Rehabilitation Act or Americans with Disabilities Act, or waiver of insurance premiums would not entitle a stockholder to the special redemption terms described above. Redemption requests following an award by the applicable governmental agency of disability benefits would have to be accompanied by: (i) the investor’s initial application for disability benefits and (ii) a Social Security Administration Notice of Award, a U.S. Office of Personnel Management determination of disability under CSRS, a Department of Veterans Affairs record of disability‑related discharge or such other documentation issued by the applicable governmental agency that we would deem acceptable and would demonstrate an award of the disability benefits.
We understand that the following disabilities do not entitle a worker to Social Security disability benefits:
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• | disabilities occurring after the legal retirement age; and |
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• | disabilities that do not render a worker incapable of performing substantial gainful activity. |
Therefore, such disabilities would not qualify for the Special Redemption terms, except in the limited circumstances when the investor would be awarded disability benefits by the other applicable governmental agencies described above.
In order for a determination of incompetence or incapacitation, which we refer to as a “determination of incompetence,” to entitle a stockholder to the Special Redemption terms, a state or federal court located in the United States must declare, determine or find the stockholder to be (i) mentally incompetent to enter into a contract, to prepare a will or to make medical decisions or (ii) mentally incapacitated. In both cases such determination must be made by the court after the date the stockholder acquired the shares to be redeemed. A determination of incompetence or incapacitation by any other person or entity, or for any purpose other than those listed above, will not entitle a stockholder to the Special Redemption terms. Redemption requests following a determination of incompetence must be accompanied by the court order, determination or certificate declaring the stockholder incompetent or incapacitated.
Amendment, Suspension or Termination of Program and Notice
In its sole discretion, our board of directors may amend, suspend or terminate our share redemption program without stockholder approval upon 30 days’ notice, provided that we may increase or decrease the funding available for the redemption of shares pursuant to the program upon ten business days’ notice. We may provide notice by including such information (i) in a separate mailing to the stockholders, or (ii) in a Current Report on Form 8-K or in our annual or quarterly reports, all publicly filed with the SEC. During this offering, we would also include this information in a memorandum supplement or post‑effective amendment to the registration statement, as required under federal securities laws.
Our share redemption program provides stockholders only a limited ability to redeem shares for cash until a secondary market develops for our shares, at which time the program would terminate. No such market presently exists, and we cannot assure our stockholders that any market for their shares will ever develop.
Qualifying stockholders who desire to redeem their shares would have to give written notice to us by completing a redemption request form and returning it to us.
Restrictions on Roll-Up Transactions
A Roll-up Transaction is a transaction involving the acquisition, merger, conversion or consolidation, directly or indirectly, of us and the issuance of securities of an entity that is created or would survive after the successful completion of a Roll-up Transaction, which we refer to as a Roll-up Entity. This term does not include:
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• | a transaction involving our securities that have been for at least 12 months listed on a national securities exchange or traded through the National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotation National Market System; or |
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• | a transaction involving only our conversion into a trust or association if, as a consequence of the transaction, there will be no significant adverse change in the voting rights of our common stockholders, the term of our existence, the compensation to our advisor or our investment objectives. |
In connection with any proposed Roll-up Transaction, an appraisal of all our assets will be obtained from a competent independent appraiser. Our assets will be appraised on a consistent basis, and the appraisal will be based on an evaluation of all relevant information and will indicate the value of our assets as of a date immediately preceding the announcement of the proposed Roll-up Transaction. If the appraisal will be included in a prospectus used to offer the securities of a Roll-Up Entity, the appraisal will be filed with the SEC and, if applicable, the states in which registration of such securities is sought, as an exhibit to the registration statement for the offering. The appraisal will assume an orderly liquidation of assets over a 12-month period. The terms of the engagement of the independent appraiser will clearly state that the engagement is for our benefit and the benefit of our stockholders. A summary of the appraisal, indicating all material assumptions underlying the appraisal, will be included in a report to our stockholders in connection with any proposed Roll-up Transaction.
In connection with a proposed Roll-up Transaction, the person sponsoring the Roll-up Transaction must offer to our common stockholders who vote “no” on the proposal the choice of:
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(i) | accepting the securities of the Roll-up Entity offered in the proposed Roll-up Transaction; or |
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(ii) | one of the following: |
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(a) | remaining as common stockholders of us and preserving their interests in us on the same terms and conditions as existed previously; or |
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(b) | receiving cash in an amount equal to the stockholders’ pro rata share of the appraised value of our net assets. |
We are prohibited from participating in any proposed Roll-up Transaction:
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• | that would result in our common stockholders having democracy rights in a Roll-up Entity that are less than those provided in our charter and bylaws with respect to the election and removal of directors and the other voting rights of our common stockholders, annual reports, annual and special meetings of common stockholders, the amendment of our charter and our dissolution; |
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• | that includes provisions that would operate to materially impede or frustrate the accumulation of shares by any purchaser of the securities of the Roll-up Entity, except to the minimum extent necessary to preserve the tax status of the Roll-up Entity, or that would limit the ability of an investor to exercise the voting rights of its securities of the Roll-up Entity on the basis of the number of shares of common stock that such investor had held in us; |
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• | in which investors’ rights of access to the records of the Roll-up Entity would be less than those provided in our charter and described in the section of this prospectus entitled “Description of Shares-Meetings and Special Voting Requirements”; or |
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• | in which any of the costs of the Roll-up Transaction would be borne by us if the Roll-up Transaction would not be approved by our common stockholders. |
LIMITED LIABILITY AND INDEMNIFICATION OF
DIRECTORS, OFFICERS, EMPLOYEES AND OTHER AGENTS
To the extent permitted by Maryland law, our charter limits the liability of our directors and officers to us and our stockholders for monetary damages, and requires us to indemnify our directors, officers, KBS Capital Advisors and its affiliates for losses they may incur by reason of their service in that capacity if all of the following conditions are met:
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• | the party seeking exculpation or indemnification has determined, in good faith, that the course of conduct that caused the loss or liability was in our best interests; |
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• | the party seeking exculpation or indemnification was acting on our behalf or performing services for us; |
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• | in the case of an independent director, the liability or loss was not the result of gross negligence or willful misconduct by the independent director; |
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• | in the case of a non-independent director, KBS Capital Advisors or one of its affiliates, the liability or loss was not the result of negligence or misconduct by the party seeking exculpation or indemnification; and |
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• | the indemnification is recoverable only out of our net assets and not from the common stockholders. |
The SEC takes the position that indemnification against liabilities arising under the Securities Act is against public policy and unenforceable. Furthermore, our charter prohibits the indemnification of our directors, KBS Capital Advisors, its affiliates or any person acting as a broker-dealer for liabilities arising from or out of a violation of state or federal securities laws, unless one or more of the following conditions are met:
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• | there has been a successful adjudication on the merits of each count involving alleged securities law violations; |
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• | such claims have been dismissed with prejudice on the merits by a court of competent jurisdiction; or |
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• | a court of competent jurisdiction approves a settlement of the claims against the indemnitee and finds that indemnification of the settlement and the related costs should be made, and the court considering the request for indemnification has been advised of the position of the SEC and of the published position of any state securities regulatory authority in which the securities were offered as to indemnification for violations of securities laws. |
Our charter further provides that the advancement of funds to our directors and to KBS Capital Advisors and its affiliates for reasonable legal expenses and other costs incurred in advance of the final disposition of a proceeding for which indemnification is being sought is permissible only if (in addition to the procedures required by Maryland law) all of the following conditions are satisfied: the proceeding relates to acts or omissions with respect to the performance of duties or services on our behalf; the legal proceeding was initiated by a third party who is not a common stockholder or, if by a common stockholder acting in his or her capacity as such, a court of competent jurisdiction approves such advancement; and the person seeking the advancement undertakes to repay the amount paid or reimbursed by us, together with the applicable legal rate of interest thereon, if it is ultimately determined that such person is not entitled to indemnification.
We have also purchased and maintain insurance on behalf of all of our directors and officers against liability asserted against or incurred by them in their official capacities with us, whether or not we are required or have the power to indemnify them against the same liability.
LEGAL MATTERS
The validity of the shares of our common stock being offered hereby has been passed upon for us by DLA Piper LLP (US), Raleigh, North Carolina. DLA Piper LLP (US) also reviewed the statements relating to certain federal income tax matters that are likely to be material to U.S. holders of our common stock under the caption “Description of Distribution Reinvestment Plan - Tax Consequences of Participation” and under “Federal Income Tax Considerations” and has passed upon our qualification as a REIT for federal income tax purposes.
EXPERTS
The consolidated financial statements of KBS Growth & Income REIT, Inc. appearing in its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016 (including the schedule appearing therein) have been audited by Ernst & Young LLP, independent registered public accounting firm, as set forth in their report thereon, included therein, and incorporated herein by reference. Such consolidated financial statements are incorporated herein by reference in reliance upon such report given on the authority of such firm as experts in accounting and auditing.
The statement of revenue over certain operating expenses of Commonwealth Building for the year ended December 31, 2015, appearing in KBS Growth & Income REIT, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K/A, filed with the SEC on August 23, 2016, has been audited by Squar Milner LLP, independent auditors, as set forth in their report thereon, included therein, and incorporated herein by reference. Such financial statement is incorporated herein by reference in reliance upon such report given on the authority of such firm as experts in accounting and auditing.
The statement of revenue over certain operating expenses of The Offices at Greenhouse for the year ended December 31, 2015, appearing in KBS Growth & Income REIT, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K/A, filed with the SEC on January 20, 2017, has been audited by Squar Milner LLP, independent auditors, as set forth in their report thereon, included therein, and incorporated herein by reference. Such financial statement is incorporated herein by reference in reliance upon such report given on the authority of such firm as experts in accounting and auditing.
Duff & Phelps, an independent third party real estate valuation firm, appraised each of the Appraised Properties and used these appraisal reports to provide a calculation of the range in estimated NAV per share of our common stock, which mid-range value was recommended by our advisor.
INCORPORATION OF CERTAIN INFORMATION BY REFERENCE
We have elected to “incorporate by reference” certain information into this prospectus. By incorporating by reference, we are disclosing important information to you by referring you to documents we have filed separately with the SEC. The information incorporated by reference is deemed to be part of this prospectus, except for information incorporated by reference that is superseded by information contained in this prospectus. Further, any reports filed by us with the SEC after the date of this prospectus and before the date that the offering of the securities by means of this prospectus is terminated will automatically update and, where applicable, supersede any information contained in this prospectus or incorporated by reference in this prospectus.
The following documents filed with the SEC are incorporated by reference in this prospectus (Commission File No. 333-207471), except for any document or portion thereof deemed to be “furnished” and not filed in accordance with SEC rules:
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• | Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016, filed with the SEC on March 9, 2017; |
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• | Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2017, filed with the SEC on May 10, 2017; |
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• | Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2017, filed with the SEC on August 10, 2017; |
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• | Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2017, filed with the SEC on November 9, 2017; |
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• | Current Report on Form 8-K/A filed with the SEC on August 23, 2016; |
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• | Current Report on Form 8-K/A filed with the SEC on January 20, 2017; |
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• | Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on February 15, 2017; |
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• | Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on April 18, 2017; |
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• | Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on May 2, 2017; |
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• | Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on June 20, 2017; |
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• | Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on July 10, 2017; |
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• | Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on August 10, 2017; |
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• | Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on September 1, 2017; |
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• | Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on October 5, 2017; and |
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• | Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on October 12, 2017. |
All documents filed by KBS Growth & Income REIT pursuant to Sections 13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act subsequent to the date of this prospectus and prior to the termination of this offering of the securities made hereby shall be deemed to be incorporated by reference into this prospectus.
We hereby undertake to provide without charge to each person, including any beneficial owner, to whom a prospectus is delivered, upon written or oral request of that person, a copy of any document incorporated herein by reference (or incorporated into the documents that this prospectus incorporates by reference). To receive a free copy of any of the documents incorporated by reference in this prospectus, other than exhibits, unless they are specifically incorporated by reference in those documents, call or write us at:
KBS Growth & Income REIT
800 Newport Center Drive, Suite 700
Newport Beach, California 92660
Telephone: (949) 417-6500
The information relating to us contained in this prospectus does not purport to be comprehensive and should be read together with the information contained in the documents incorporated or deemed to be incorporated by reference in this prospectus.
WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION
We are required to file annual, quarterly and current reports and other information with the SEC. You may read and copy any documents filed by us at the SEC’s public reference room at 100 F Street, N.E., Room 1580, Washington, D.C. 20549. Please call the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330 for further information about the public reference room. Our filings with the SEC are also available to the public through the SEC’s Internet site at http://www.sec.gov. We have filed with the SEC a registration statement relating to the securities covered by this prospectus. This prospectus is a part of the registration statement and does not contain all the information in the registration statement. Whenever a reference is made in this prospectus to a contract or other document of ours, the reference is only a summary and you should refer to the exhibits that are a part of the registration statement for a copy of the contract or other document. You may review a copy of the registration statement at the SEC’s public reference room in Washington, D.C., as well as through the SEC’s Internet site.
APPENDIX A
THIRD AMENDED AND RESTATED
DISTRIBUTION REINVESTMENT PLAN
Adopted August 9, 2017
KBS Growth & Income REIT, Inc., a Maryland corporation (the “Company”), has adopted a third amended and restated Distribution Reinvestment Plan (the “DRP”), the terms and conditions of which are set forth below. Capitalized terms shall have the same meaning as set forth in the Company’s charter, as amended and supplemented, unless otherwise defined herein.
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1. | Amount of Shares Issuable. Up to an aggregate of $800,000,000 of any combination of shares of Class A Common Stock and Class T Common Stock (the “Shares”) is authorized for issuance under the DRP. |
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2. | Participants. “Participants” are holders of the Company’s shares of any class of Common Stock who elect to participate in the DRP regardless of the offering in which such Participant acquired their shares. |
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3. | Distribution Reinvestment. Exclusive of distributions that the Company’s board of directors designates as ineligible for reinvestment through this DRP, the Company will apply that portion (as designated by a Participant) of the distributions (“Distributions”) declared and paid in respect of a Participant’s shares of any class of Common Stock to the purchase of additional Shares for such Participant. Purchases will be in the same class of Shares as the shares for which such Participant received the distributions that are being reinvested. The Company will not pay selling commissions or dealer manager fees on the Shares purchased in the DRP. |
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4. | Procedures for Participation. Qualifying stockholders may elect to become Participants or to increase participation in the DRP by completing and executing the Subscription Agreement, an enrollment form or any other Company-approved authorization form as may be available from the Company, the dealer manager or participating broker-dealers. Participation in the DRP will begin with the next Distribution payable after receipt of a Participant’s subscription agreement, enrollment form or other Company approved authorization form. |
5.Purchase of Shares.
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a. | Shares will be purchased on the date that the Company makes a Distribution. Distributions will be paid upon the terms as authorized and declared by the Company’s board of directors. |
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b. | Participants will acquire the Shares at a price equal to the estimated net asset value per share, as estimated by the Company’s board of directors from time to time. |
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c. | Participants in the DRP may purchase fractional Shares so that 100% of the Distributions will be used to acquire Shares. However, a Participant will not be able to purchase Shares under the DRP to the extent such purchase would cause it to exceed limits set forth in the Company’s charter, as amended. |
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6. | Taxation of Distributions. The reinvestment of Distributions in the DRP does not relieve Participants of any taxes that may be payable as a result of those Distributions and their reinvestment pursuant to the terms of this DRP. |
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7. | Share Certificates. The Shares issuable under the DRP shall be uncertificated until the board of directors determines otherwise. |
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8. | Voting of DRP Shares. In connection with any matter requiring the vote of the Company’s stockholders, each Participant will be entitled to vote all Shares, including fractional Shares, acquired by the Participant through the DRP. |
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9. | Reports. Within 90 days after the end of the calendar year, the Company shall provide each Participant with (a) an individualized report on the Participant’s investment, including the purchase date(s), purchase price and number of shares owned, as well as the amount of Distributions received during the prior year; and (b) all material information regarding the DRP and the effect of reinvesting distributions, including the tax consequences thereof. The Company shall provide such information reasonably requested by the dealer manager or a participating broker-dealer, in order for the dealer manager or participating broker-dealer to meet its obligations to deliver written notification to Participants of the information required by Rule 10b--10(b) promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. |
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10. | Termination by Participant. A Participant may terminate participation in the DRP at any time by delivering to the Company a written notice. To be effective for any Distribution, such notice must be received by the Company at least four business days prior to the last business day of the month to which the distribution relates. Notwithstanding the preceding sentence, if the Company announces, whether in a mailing to stockholders, a public filing with the SEC or otherwise, a new purchase price for Shares under the DRP, then a Participant shall have no less than two business days after the date of such announcement to notify the Company in writing of Participant’s termination of participation in the DRP and Participant’s termination will be effective for the next date Shares are purchased under the DRP. Any transfer of shares by a Participant will terminate participation in the DRP with respect to the transferred shares. Upon termination of DRP participation, Distributions will be distributed to the stockholder in cash. |
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11. | Amendment or Termination of DRP by the Company. The Company may amend or terminate the DRP for any reason at any time upon ten days’ notice to the Participants. The Company may provide notice by including such information (a) in a Current Report on Form 8-K or in its annual or quarterly reports, all publicly filed with the SEC, or (b) in a separate mailing to Participants. |
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12. | Liability of the Company. The Company shall not be liable for any act done in good faith, or for any good faith omission to act. |
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13. | Governing Law. The DRP shall be governed by the laws of the State of Maryland. |
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We have not authorized any dealer, salesperson or other individual to give any information or to make any representations that are not contained in this prospectus. If any such information or statements are given or made, you should not rely upon such information or representation. This prospectus does not constitute an offer to sell any securities other than those to which this prospectus relates, or an offer to sell, or a solicitation of an offer to buy, to any person in any jurisdiction where such an offer or solicitation would be unlawful. This prospectus speaks as of the date set forth below. You should not assume that the delivery of this prospectus or that any sale made pursuant to this prospectus implies that the information contained in this prospectus will remain fully accurate and correct as of any time subsequent to the date of this prospectus. |
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Our shares are not FDIC insured, may lose value and are not bank guaranteed. |
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| KBS GROWTH & INCOME REIT, INC. |
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| Up to $800,000,000 in Shares of Common Stock |
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| November 17, 2017 |
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PART II. INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN PROSPECTUS
Item 14. Other Expenses of Issuance and Distribution
The following table sets forth the costs and expenses payable by KBS Growth & Income REIT, Inc. (the “Company”) in connection with the distribution of the securities registered under the Company’s distribution reinvestment plan. All amounts are estimated except the SEC registration fee.
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Item | | Amount |
SEC registration fee | | $ | 80,560 |
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FINRA filing fee* | | — |
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Legal fees and expenses | | 250,000 |
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Blue sky fees and expenses | | 5,000 |
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Postage, assembling, printing and mailing | | 664,440 |
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Total | | $ | 1,000,000 |
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_____________________* Maximum FINARA filing fee paid in connection with the primary offering.
Item 15. Indemnification of Directors and Officers
Subject to the significant conditions set forth below, the Company has included in its charter a provision limiting the liability of its directors and officers to the Company and its stockholders for money damages. In addition to the limitations set forth below, under Maryland law such exculpation is not permitted for any liability resulting from (a) actual receipt of an improper benefit or profit in money, property or services or (b) active and deliberate dishonesty established by a final judgment as being material to the cause of action.
Subject to the significant conditions set forth below, the charter also provides that the Company shall indemnify a director, officer or the advisor or any of its affiliates against any and all losses or liabilities reasonably incurred by them (other than when sued by or in right of the Company) in connection with or by reason of any act or omission performed or omitted to be performed on behalf of the Company in such capacity.
Under the Company’s charter, the Company shall not indemnify a director, the advisor or any of the advisor’s affiliates (each an “Indemnitee”) for any liability or loss suffered by an Indemnitee, nor shall it exculpate an Indemnitee, unless all of the following conditions are met: (i) an Indemnitee has determined, in good faith, that the course of conduct that caused the loss or liability was in the best interests of the Company; (ii) the Indemnitee was acting on behalf of or performing services for the Company; (iii) such liability or loss was not the result of (A) negligence or misconduct by the Indemnitee, excluding an Independent Director, or (B) gross negligence or willful misconduct by an Independent Director; and (iv) such indemnification or agreement to hold harmless is recoverable only out of the Company’s net assets and not from its common stockholders. Notwithstanding the foregoing, an Indemnitee shall not be indemnified by the Company for any losses, liability or expenses arising from or out of an alleged violation of federal or state securities laws by such party unless one or more of the following conditions are met: (i) there has been a successful adjudication on the merits of each count involving alleged securities law violations as to the particular Indemnitee; (ii) such claims have been dismissed with prejudice on the merits by a court of competent jurisdiction as to the particular Indemnitee; and (iii) a court of competent jurisdiction approves a settlement of the claims against a particular Indemnitee and finds that indemnification of the settlement and the related costs should be made, and the court considering the request for indemnification has been advised of the position of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) and of the published position of any state securities regulatory authority in which securities of the Company were offered or sold as to indemnification for violations of securities laws.
The charter provides that the advancement of Company funds to an Indemnitee for legal expenses and other costs incurred as a result of any legal action for which indemnification is being sought is permissible only if (in addition to the procedures required by Maryland law) all of the following conditions are satisfied: (i) the legal action relates to acts or omissions with respect to the performance of duties or services on behalf of the Company; (ii) the legal action is initiated by a third party who is not a common stockholder or the legal action is initiated by a common stockholder acting in his or her capacity as such and a court of competent jurisdiction specifically approves such advancement; and (iii) the Indemnitee undertakes to repay the advanced funds to the Company, together with the applicable legal rate of interest thereon, if the Indemnitee is found not to be entitled to indemnification.
It is the position of the SEC that indemnification of directors and officers for liabilities arising under the Securities Act is against public policy and is unenforceable pursuant to Section 14 of the Securities Act.
The Company has also purchased and maintains insurance on behalf of all of its directors and executive officers against liability asserted against or incurred by them in their official capacities with the Company, whether or not the Company is required or has the power to indemnify them against the same liability.
Item 16. Exhibits
The following exhibits are filed as part of this registration statement or incorporated into this registration statement by reference:
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Ex. | | Description |
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Item 17. Undertakings
(a) The Company undertakes to file, during any period in which offers or sales are being made, a post-effective amendment to this Registration Statement (i) to include any prospectus required by Section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act of 1933 (the “Act”); (ii) to reflect in the prospectus any facts or events arising after the effective date of this Registration Statement (or the most recent post-effective amendment thereof) which, individually or in the aggregate, represent a fundamental change in the information set forth in the Registration Statement; and (iii) to include any material information with respect to the plan of distribution not previously disclosed in the Registration Statement or any material change to such information in the Registration Statement; provided, however, that clauses (i), (ii) and (iii) above do not apply if the Registration Statement is on Form S-3, and the information required to be included in a post-effective amendment by those clauses is contained in reports filed with or furnished to the Commission by the Company pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 that are incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement, or is contained in a form of prospectus filed pursuant to Rule 424(b) that is part of the Registration Statement.
(b) The Company undertakes (i) that, for the purpose of determining any liability under the Act, each such post-effective amendment shall be deemed to be a new Registration Statement relating to the securities offered therein and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof and (ii) to remove from registration by means of a post-effective amendment any of the securities being registered which remain unsold at the termination of the offering.
(c) The Company undertakes that, for the purpose of determining liability under the Act to any purchaser, each prospectus filed pursuant to Rule 424(b) as part of a registration statement relating to an offering shall be deemed to be part of and included in the registration statement as of the date it is first used after effectiveness; provided, however, that no statement made in a registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement or made in a document incorporated or deemed incorporated by reference into the registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement will, as to a purchaser with a time of contract of sale prior to such first use, supersede or modify any statement that was made in the registration statement or prospectus that was part of the registration statement or made in any such document immediately prior to such date of first use.
(d) The Company undertakes that, for purposes of determining any liability under the Act, each filing of the Registrant’s annual report pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (and, where applicable, each filing of any employee benefit plan’s annual report pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) that is incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement shall be deemed to be a new Registration Statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.
(e) The Company undertakes to deliver or cause to be delivered with the prospectus, to each person to whom the prospectus is sent or given, the latest annual report to security holders that is incorporated by reference in the prospectus and furnished pursuant to and meeting the requirements of Rule 14a-3 or Rule 14c-3 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and, where interim financial information required to be presented by Article 3 of Regulation S-X are not set forth in the prospectus, to deliver, or cause to be delivered to each person to whom the prospectus is sent or given, the latest quarterly report that is specifically incorporated by reference in the prospectus to provide such interim financial information.
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, the registrant certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form S-3 and has duly caused this post-effective amendment to the registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of Newport Beach, State of California, on November 17, 2017.
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| KBS GROWTH & INCOME REIT, INC. |
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| By: | /s/ Jeffrey K. Waldvogel |
| | Jeffrey K. Waldvogel |
| | Chief Financial Officer
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I, Peter M. Bren , the undersigned President and director of KBS Growth & Income REIT, Inc. (the “Company”), do hereby constitute and appoint Charles J. Schreiber, Jr., Jeffrey K. Waldvogel and Stacie K. Yamane, or either of them, my true and lawful attorney-in-fact and agent, each with full power of substitution, to do any and all acts and things in my name and on my behalf in my capacity as director of the Company and to execute any and all instruments for me and in my name in the capacity indicated below, which said attorney-in-fact or agent, or any of them, may deem necessary or advisable to enable the Company to comply with the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and any rules, regulations and requirements of the Securities and Exchange Commission, in connection with the filing of this Post-Effective Amendment to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-11 on Form S-3, including specifically but without limitation, power and authority to sign for me in my name in the capacities indicated below for the Company, any and all amendments (including post-effective amendments) to such Registration Statement and any related registration statements filed pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended; and I do hereby ratify and confirm all that said attorneys and agents, or their substitute or substitutes, or any of them, shall do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this registration statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated:
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Name | | Title | | Date |
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* | | Chairman of the Board, Chief Executive Officer and Director (Principal Executive Officer) | | November 17, 2017 |
Charles J. Schreiber, Jr. | | | | |
/s/ Jeffrey K. Waldvogel | | Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer) | | November 17, 2017 |
Jeffrey K. Waldvogel | | | | |
* | | Chief Accounting Officer (Principal Accounting Officer) | | November 17, 2017 |
Stacie K. Yamane | | | | |
/s/ Peter M. Bren | | President and Director | | November 17, 2017 |
Peter M. Bren | | | | |
* | | Director | | November 17, 2017 |
George R. Bravante, Jr. | | | | |
* | | Director | | November 17, 2017 |
Jon D. Kline | | | | |
* | | Director | | November 17, 2017 |
Keith P. Russell | | | | |
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*By: | /s/ Jeffrey K. Waldvogel | |
| Jeffrey K. Waldvogel | |
| Chief Financial Officer, Attorney-in-Fact |