Business Combinations | 12. BUSINESS COMBINATIONS As part of our strategy to supplement our organic growth and expand our access to additional markets and products, we completed three acquisitions during the nine months ended September 30, 2018, and six acquisitions during the nine months ended September 30, 2017. Each acquisition was accounted for as a business combination under ASC 805, “Business Combinations.” Acquisition related costs for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, were $0.6 million and $13.9 million, respectively. Acquisition related costs for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, were $0.3 million and $0.7 million, respectively. Acquisition costs are included in selling, general, and administrative expense in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. Acquisitions On January 16, 2017, we acquired substantially all of the assets of Midwest, a heavy commercial fireproofing and insulation company with locations in Chicago, Illinois and Indianapolis, Indiana. The purchase price of approximately $12.2 million was funded by cash on hand. On February 27, 2017, we acquired substantially all of the assets of EcoFoam. EcoFoam is a residential and light commercial insulation installation company with locations in Colorado Springs and Denver, Colorado. The purchase price of approximately $22.3 million was funded by cash on hand of $20.2 million and contingent consideration of $2.1 million. On February 27, 2017, we acquired substantially all of the assets of MR Insulfoam, a residential insulation installation company located in Norwalk, Connecticut. The purchase price of approximately $1.5 million was funded by cash on hand. On March 29, 2017, we acquired substantially all of the assets of Capital, a residential insulation installation company located in Sacramento, California. The purchase price of approximately $7.3 million was funded by cash on hand. On April 20, 2017, we acquired substantially all of the assets of Superior, a residential insulation installation company located in Seattle, Washington. The purchase price of approximately $10.9 million was funded by cash on hand. On June 8, 2017, we acquired substantially all of the assets of Canyon, a heavy commercial insulation and firestopping company with locations in Corona, San Diego, and Livermore, California. The purchase price of approximately $34.4 million was funded by cash on hand of $31.9 million and deferred purchase price consideration of $2.5 million. On January 10, 2018, we acquired ADO, a distributor of insulation accessories, located in Plymouth, Minnesota. The purchase price of approximately $23.0 million was funded by cash on hand of $22.2 million and contingent consideration of $0.8 million. On January 18, 2018, we acquired substantially all of the assets of Santa Rosa, a residential and commercial insulation company located in Miami, Florida. The purchase price of approximately $5.6 million was funded by cash on hand. On May 1, 2018, we acquired USI, a leading distributor and installer of insulation in both residential and commercial construction markets. Our payment of $487.0 million, which included the purchase price of $475.0 million and adjustments for cash and working capital, was funded through net proceeds from the issuance on April 25, 2018, of $400.0 million of Senior Notes together with the net proceeds from the $100.0 million delayed draw term loan commitment under our Amended Credit Agreement. For additional information see Note 4 – Long-Term Debt . Revenue and net income since the respective acquisition dates included in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations were as follows, in thousands: Three Months Ended September 30, 2018 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018 2018 Acquisitions Net Sales Net Income Net Sales Net Income ADO $ 6,631 $ 67 $ 17,934 $ 90 Santa Rosa 1,550 116 4,438 456 USI 100,333 6,457 169,028 8,074 $ 108,514 $ 6,640 $ 191,400 $ 8,620 Three Months Ended September 30, 2017 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017 2017 Acquisitions Net Sales Net Income Net Sales Net Income Midwest $ 4,503 $ 12 $ 12,711 $ 152 EcoFoam 6,706 669 15,943 894 Superior 3,323 260 6,189 597 Canyon 6,556 925 8,289 1,146 All others 2,808 330 5,749 707 $ 23,896 $ 2,196 $ 48,881 $ 3,496 Pro Forma Results The following unaudited pro forma information has been prepared as if the 2018 acquisitions described above had taken place on January 1, 2017, and as if the 2017 acquisitions had taken place on January 1, 2016. The unaudited pro forma information is not necessarily indicative of the results that we would have achieved had the transactions actually taken place on January 1, 2017, and January 1, 2016, as applicable. Further, the pro forma information does not purport to be indicative of future financial operating results. Our pro forma results are presented below, in thousands: Pro Forma for the Three Months Ended September 30, Pro Forma for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018 2017 2018 2017 Net sales $ 647,289 $ 594,303 $ 1,878,179 $ 1,743,331 Net income $ 42,658 $ 37,799 $ 105,410 $ 72,214 The following table details the additional expense included in the unaudited pro forma net income as if the 2018 acquisitions described above had taken place on January 1, 2017, and as if the 2017 acquisitions had taken place on January 1, 2016. Our pro forma results are presented below, in thousands: Pro Forma for the Three Months Ended September 30, Pro Forma for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018 2017 2018 2017 Amortization of intangible assets $ — $ 4,088 $ 5,039 $ 12,263 Income tax expense (using normalized 27% ETR for 2018 and 38% ETR for 2017) $ — $ 3,926 $ 3,407 $ 11,689 Purchase Price Allocations The estimated fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed for the 2018 acquisitions, as well as the fair value of consideration transferred, approximated the following as of September 30, 2018, in thousands: 2018 Acquisitions Completed During the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018 ADO Santa Rosa USI Total Estimated fair values: Cash $ 939 $ — $ 14,817 $ 15,756 Accounts receivable 3,434 1,433 62,302 67,169 Inventories 2,337 104 14,135 16,576 Prepaid and other assets 135 7 3,929 4,071 Property and equipment 951 522 34,215 35,688 Intangible assets 14,090 1,850 165,900 181,840 Goodwill 2,631 2,764 280,188 285,583 Accounts payable (908) (1,099) (17,927) (19,934) Accrued liabilities (609) — (34,686) (35,295) Deferred tax liability — — (35,871) (35,871) Net assets acquired $ 23,000 $ 5,581 $ 487,002 $ 515,583 2018 Acquisitions Completed During the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018 ADO Santa Rosa USI Total Fair value of consideration transferred: Cash $ 22,172 $ 5,581 $ 487,002 $ 514,755 Deferred consideration — — — — Contingent consideration 828 — — 828 Total consideration transferred $ 23,000 $ 5,581 $ 487,002 $ 515,583 The estimated fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed for the 2017 acquisitions, as well as the fair value of consideration transferred, approximated the following as of September 30, 2018, in thousands: 2017 Acquisitions Completed During the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017 Midwest EcoFoam Superior Canyon All others Total Estimated fair values: Accounts receivable $ 6,576 $ 3,819 $ 2,012 $ 8,222 $ 678 $ 21,307 Inventories 75 1,119 321 575 141 2,231 Prepaid and other assets — 27 1 29 6 63 Property and equipment 655 1,544 361 460 357 3,377 Intangible assets 2,740 6,700 5,280 15,220 3,640 33,580 Goodwill 3,538 10,796 3,662 10,072 4,037 32,105 Accounts payable (1,359) (1,378) (681) (163) (26) (3,607) Accrued liabilities — (302) (4) — — (306) Net assets acquired $ 12,225 $ 22,325 $ 10,952 $ 34,415 $ 8,833 $ 88,750 2017 Acquisitions Completed During the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017 Midwest EcoFoam Superior Canyon All others Total Fair value of consideration transferred: Cash (a) $ 12,225 $ 20,822 $ 10,952 $ 33,532 $ 8,833 $ 86,364 Deferred consideration — — — 883 — 883 Contingent consideration — 1,503 — — — 1,503 Total consideration transferred $ 12,225 $ 22,325 $ 10,952 $ 34,415 $ 8,833 $ 88,750 (a) For Canyon, includes $1,667 of deferred consideration paid during the nine months ended September 30, 2018. Estimates of acquired intangible assets related to the acquisitions are as follows, as of September 30, 2018, dollars in thousands: Estimated Fair Value Weighted Average Estimated Useful Life (Years) 2018 Acquisitions: Customer relationships $ 169,320 12 Trademarks and trade names 11,260 9 Non-competition agreements 1,260 5 Total intangible assets for 2018 acquisitions $ 181,840 11 2017 Acquisitions: Customer relationships $ 26,170 10 Trademarks and trade names 1,780 10 Non-competition agreements 5,630 5 Total intangible assets for 2017 acquisitions $ 33,580 9 As third party or internal valuations are finalized, certain tax aspects of the foregoing transaction are completed, and customer post-closing reviews are concluded, adjustments may be made to the fair value of assets acquired, and in some cases total purchase price, through the end of each measurement period, generally one year following the applicable acquisition date. Various insignificant adjustments to the fair value of assets acquired, and in some cases total purchase price, have been made to certain business combinations since the respective dates of acquisition. Goodwill to be recognized in connection with these acquisitions is attributable to the synergies expected to be realized and improvements in the businesses after the acquisitions. Of the $285.6 million of goodwill recorded from the 2018 acquisitions, $33.5 million is expected to be deductible for income tax purposes. Contingent Consideration The acquisition of EcoFoam includes a contingent consideration arrangement that requires additional consideration to be paid by TopBuild to the sellers of EcoFoam based on EcoFoam’s attainment of annual revenue targets over a three-year period. In the second quarter of 2018 we made the first contingent payment of $0.8 million. The total amount of undiscounted contingent consideration which TopBuild may be required to pay under the arrangement is $2.5 million. The fair value of $2.1 million contingent consideration recognized on the acquisition date was estimated by applying the income approach using discounted cash flows. That measure is based on significant Level 3 inputs not observable in the market. The significant assumption includes a discount rate of 9.5 percent. Changes in the fair value measurement each period reflect the passage of time as well as the impact of adjustments, if any, to the likelihood of achieving the specified targets. The acquisition of ADO includes a contingent consideration arrangement that requires additional consideration to be paid by TopBuild to the sellers of ADO based on the achievement of certain EBITDA thresholds over a two-year period. The range of the undiscounted amounts TopBuild may be required to pay under the contingent consideration agreement is between zero and $1.0 million. The fair value of the contingent consideration recognized on the acquisition date of $0.8 million was estimated by applying the income approach using discounted cash flows. That measure is based on significant Level 3 inputs not observable in the market. The significant assumption includes a discount rate of 9.5 percent. Changes in the fair value measurement each period reflect the passage of time as well as the impact of adjustments, if any, to the likelihood of achieving the specified targets. Contingent consideration is recorded in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets in accrued liabilities and other liabilities. Adjustments to the fair value of contingent consideration are reflected in selling, general, and administrative expense in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and are included in the acquisition related costs above. The following table presents the fair value of contingent consideration, in thousands: EcoFoam ADO Date of Acquisition February 27, 2017 January 10, 2018 Fair value of contingent consideration recognized at acquisition date $ 2,110 $ 828 Contingent consideration at December 31, 2017 $ 2,259 $ — Additions — 828 Change in fair value of contingent consideration during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 120 (493) Payment of contingent consideration during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 (841) — Liability balance for contingent consideration at September 30, 2018 $ 1,538 $ 335 |