Loans Receivable and Allowance for Loan Losses | Loans Receivable and Allowance for Loan Losses The composition of total loans receivable at December 31, 2018 and 2017 was as follows: At At (In thousands) Residential mortgage: One-to-four family $ 143,391 $ 157,876 Home equity 24,365 26,803 167,756 184,679 Commercial and multi-family real estate 212,606 196,681 Construction 29,628 43,718 Commercial and industrial 108,602 73,465 350,836 313,864 Consumer: 540 618 Total loans receivable 519,132 499,161 Less: Loans in process 10,677 19,868 Deferred loan fees 501 474 Allowance for loan losses 5,655 5,414 Total adjustments 16,833 25,756 Loans receivable, net $ 502,299 $ 473,405 The commercial and industrial category is further segregated into secured of $60,426 and unsecured (high net worth) of $48,176 as of December 31, 2018. Allowance for Loan Losses The Company's loan portfolio is comprised of the following segments: residential mortgage, commercial real estate, construction, commercial and industrial and consumer. Some segments of the Company's loan receivable portfolio are further disaggregated into classes which allow management to more accurately monitor risk and performance. Accordingly, the methodology and allowance calculation includes the segmentation of the total loan portfolio. The residential mortgage loan segment is disaggregated into two classes: one-to-four family loans, which are primarily first liens, and home equity loans, which consist of first and second liens. The commercial real estate loan segment includes owner and non-owner occupied loans which have medium risk based on historical experience with these types of loans. The construction loan segment is further disaggregated into two classes: one-to-four family owner-occupied, which includes land loans, whereby the owner is known and there is less risk, and other, whereby the property is generally under development and tends to have more risk than the one-to-four family owner-occupied loans. The commercial and industrial loan segment consists of loans made for the purpose of financing the activities of commercial customers. The commercial and industrial loans carry a mix of loans secured by real estate and unsecured lines of credit some of which are for high net worth individuals. The consumer loan segment consists primarily of installment loans and overdraft lines of credit connected with customer deposit accounts. The allowance consists of specific, general and unallocated components. The specific component relates to loans that are classified as impaired. A loan is considered impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect the scheduled payments or principal or interest when due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. For loans that are classified as impaired, an allowance is established when the discounted cash flows (or collateral value or observable market price) of the impaired loan is lower than the carrying value of that loan. The general component covers pools of loans by loan class. These pools of loans are evaluated for loss exposure based upon historical loss rates for each of these classes of loans, adjusted for qualitative factors. These qualitative risk factors include: 1. Lending policies and procedures, including underwriting standards and collection, charge-off, and recovery practices. 2. National, regional, and local economic and business conditions as well as the condition of various market segments, including the value of underlying collateral for collateral dependent loans. 3. Nature and volume of the portfolio and terms of loans. 4. Experience, ability, and depth of lending management and staff. 5. Volume and severity of past due, classified and nonaccrual loans as well as other loan modifications. 6. Quality of the Company's loan review system, and the degree of oversight by the Company's Board of Directors. 7. Existence and effect of any concentrations of credit and changes in the level of such concentrations. 8. Effect of external factors, such as competition and legal and regulatory requirements. Each factor is assigned a value to reflect improving, stable or declining conditions based on management's best judgment using relevant information available at the time of the evaluation. Although management seeks to avoid intentionally creating an unallocated component, one will exist at times due to the dynamic interplay of balances, qualitative factors and other items that could impact management's estimate of probable losses. The unallocated component of the allowances reflects the margin of imprecision inherent in the underlying assumptions used in the methodologies for estimating specific and general losses in the portfolio. The following tables provide an analysis of the allowance for loan losses and the loan receivable balances, by the portfolio segment segregated into the amount required for loans individually evaluated for impairment and the amount required for loans collectively evaluated for impairment as of December 31, 2018 and 2017 : Year Ended December 31, 2018 (in thousands) Residential Mortgage Commercial and Multi-Family Real Estate Construction Commercial and Industrial Consumer Unallocated Total Allowance for loan losses: Balance, beginning $ 1,852 $ 2,267 $ 302 $ 710 $ 5 $ 278 $ 5,414 Provisions 255 (80 ) (80 ) 418 5 (278 ) 240 Loans charged-off — — — — (8 ) — (8 ) Recoveries 8 — — — 1 — 9 Balance, ending $ 2,115 $ 2,187 $ 222 $ 1,128 $ 3 $ — $ 5,655 Period-end allowance allocated to: Loans individually evaluated for impairment $ 326 $ 69 $ — $ 20 $ — $ — $ 415 Loans collectively evaluated for impairment 1,789 2,118 222 1,108 3 — $ 5,240 Ending balance $ 2,115 $ 2,187 $ 222 $ 1,128 $ 3 $ — $ 5,655 Period-end loan balances evaluated for: Loans individually evaluated for impairment $ 11,960 $ 2,411 $ — $ 243 $ — $ — $ 14,614 Loans collectively evaluated for impairment 155,746 209,879 18,905 108,270 540 — 493,340 Ending balance $ 167,706 $ 212,290 $ 18,905 $ 108,513 $ 540 $ — $ 507,954 Year Ended December 31, 2017 (in thousands) Residential Mortgage Commercial and Multi-Family Real Estate Construction Commercial and Industrial Consumer Unallocated Total Allowance for loan losses: Balance, beginning $ 1,808 $ 1,441 $ 248 $ 882 $ 6 $ 91 $ 4,476 Provisions 215 869 54 (143 ) 3 187 $ 1,185 Loans charged-off (178 ) (43 ) — (30 ) (4 ) — $ (255 ) Recoveries 7 — — 1 — — $ 8 Balance, ending $ 1,852 $ 2,267 $ 302 $ 710 $ 5 $ 278 $ 5,414 Period-end allowance allocated to: Loans individually evaluated for impairment $ — $ — $ — $ 27 $ 1 $ — $ 28 Loans collectively evaluated for impairment 1,852 2,267 302 683 4 278 5,386 Ending balance $ 1,852 $ 2,267 $ 302 $ 710 $ 5 $ 278 $ 5,414 Period-end loan balances evaluated for: Loans individually evaluated for impairment $ 12,609 $ 2,057 $ — $ 205 $ 1 $ — $ 14,872 Loans collectively evaluated for impairment 171,988 194,373 23,803 73,167 616 — 463,947 Ending balance $ 184,597 $ 196,430 $ 23,803 $ 73,372 $ 617 $ — $ 478,819 Nonaccrual and Past Due Loans For all classes of loans receivable, the accrual of interest is discontinued when the contractual payment of principal or interest has become 90 days past due or when management has serious doubts about further collectability of principal or interest, even though the loan is currently performing. Certain loans may remain on accrual status if they are in the process of collection and are either guaranteed or well secured. When a loan is placed on nonaccrual status, unpaid interest credited to income in the current year is reversed. Interest received on nonaccrual loans, including impaired loans, generally is either applied against principal or reported as interest income, according to management's judgment as to the collectability of principal. Generally, loans are restored to accrual status when the obligation is brought current, has performed in accordance with the contractual terms for a reasonable period of time (generally six months) and the ultimate collectability of the total contractual principal and interest is no longer in doubt. The past due status of all classes of loans receivable is determined based on contractual due dates for loan payments. The following table represents the classes of the loans receivable portfolio summarized by aging categories of performing loans and nonaccrual loans as of December 31, 2018 and 2017 : As of December 31, 2018 30-59 Days Past Due and Still Accruing 60-89 Days Past Due and Still Accruing Greater than 90 Days and Still Accruing Total Past Due and Still Accruing Accruing Current Balances Nonaccrual Loans (1) Total Loans Receivables (In thousands) Residential Mortgage One-to-four family $ 1,328 $ 365 $ 2 $ 1,695 $ 139,371 $ 2,276 $ 143,342 Home equity 1,602 75 — 1,677 22,079 608 24,364 Commercial and multi-family real estate — — — — 211,258 1,032 212,290 Construction — — — — 18,905 — 18,905 Commercial and industrial — — — — 108,298 215 108,513 Consumer 1 — — 1 539 — 540 Total $ 2,931 $ 440 $ 2 $ 3,373 $ 500,450 $ 4,131 $ 507,954 (1) Nonaccrual loans at December 31, 2018 , included $2.2 million that were 90 days or more delinquent, $123,000 that were 60-89 days delinquent, $556,000 that were 30-59 days delinquent, and $1.2 million that were current or less than 30 days delinquent. As of December 31, 2017 30-59 Days Past Due and Still Accruing 60-89 Days Past Due and Still Accruing Greater than 90 Days and Still Accruing Total Past Due and Still Accruing Accruing Current Balances Nonaccrual Loans(1) Total Loans Receivables (In thousands) Residential Mortgage One-to-four family $ 1,221 $ 700 $ — $ 1,921 $ 152,425 $ 3,446 $ 157,792 Home equity 605 16 157 $ 778 25,912 115 26,805 Commercial and multi-family real estate — — — $ — 196,115 315 196,430 Construction — — — $ — 23,803 — 23,803 Commercial and industrial 68 — — $ 68 73,205 99 73,372 Consumer — 5 1 $ 6 611 — 617 Total $ 1,894 $ 721 $ 158 $ 2,773 $ 472,071 $ 3,975 $ 478,819 (1) Nonaccrual loans at December 31, 2017 , included $1.7 million that were 90 days or more delinquent, $341,000 that were 60-89 days delinquent, $631,000 that were 30-59 days delinquent, and $1.3 million that were current or less than 30 days delinquent. Impaired Loans Management evaluates individual loans in all of the loan segments (including loans in the residential mortgage and consumer segments) for possible impairment if the loan is either on nonaccrual status or is risk rated Substandard or worse or has been modified in a troubled debt restructuring ("TDR"). A loan is considered impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect the scheduled payments of principal or interest when due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Factors considered by management in determining impairment include payment status, collateral value and the probability of collecting scheduled principal and interest payments when due. Loans that experience insignificant payment delays and payment shortfalls generally are not classified as impaired. Management determines the significance of payment delays and payment shortfalls on a case-by-case basis, taking into consideration all of the circumstances surrounding the loan and the borrower, including the length of the delay, the reasons for the delay, the borrower's prior payment record and the amount of the shortfall in relation to the principal and interest owed. Once the determination has been made that a loan is impaired, impairment is measured by comparing the recorded investment in the loan to one of the following: (a) the present value of expected cash flows (discounted at the loan's effective interest rate), (b) the loan's observable market price or (c) the fair value of collateral adjusted for expected selling costs. The method is selected on a loan by loan basis with management primarily utilizing the fair value of collateral method. The estimated fair values of the real estate collateral are determined primarily through third-party appraisals. When a real estate secured loan becomes impaired, a decision is made regarding whether an updated certified appraisal of the real estate is necessary. This decision is based on various considerations, including the age of the most recent appraisal, the loan-to-value ratio based on the original appraisal and the condition of the property. Appraised values are discounted to arrive at the estimated selling price of the collateral, which is considered to be the estimated fair value. The discounts also include estimated costs to sell the property. The estimated fair values of non-real estate collateral, such as accounts receivable, inventory and equipment, are determined based on the borrower's financial statements, inventory reports, accounts receivable aging schedules or equipment appraisals or invoices. Indications of value from these sources are generally discounted based on the age of the financial information or the quality of the assets. The evaluation of the need and amount of the allowance for impaired loans and whether a loan can be removed from impairment status is made on a quarterly basis. The Company's policy for recognizing interest income on impaired loans does not differ from its overall policy for interest recognition. The following tables provide an analysis of the impaired loans at December 31, 2018 and 2017 and the average balances of such loans for the years then ended: 2018 Recorded Investment Loans with No Related Reserve Loans with Related Reserve Related Reserve Contractual Principal Balance Average Loan Balances Residential mortgage One-to-four family $ 10,224 $ 1,956 $ 8,268 $ 298 $ 10,907 $ 10,392 Home equity 1,736 609 1,127 28 1,827 1,484 Commercial and multi-family real estate 2,411 1,405 1,006 69 3,067 2,059 Construction — — — — — — Commercial and industrial 243 223 20 20 262 149 Consumer — — — — — 1 Total $ 14,614 $ 4,193 $ 10,421 $ 415 $ 16,063 $ 14,085 2017 Recorded Investment Loans with No Related Reserve Loans with Related Reserve Related Reserve Contractual Principal Balance Average Loan Balances Residential mortgage One-to-four family $ 11,181 $ 11,181 $ — $ — $ 11,729 $ 12,256 Home equity 1,428 1,428 — — 1,522 1,335 Commercial and multi-family real estate 2,057 2,057 — — 2,680 1,787 Construction — — — — — — Commercial and industrial 205 173 32 27 242 296 Consumer 1 — 1 1 1 1 Total $ 14,872 $ 14,839 $ 33 $ 28 $ 16,174 $ 15,675 As of December 31, 2018 and 2017 , impaired loans listed above include $11.4 million, of loans previously modified in TDRs and as such are considered impaired under GAAP. As of December 31, 2018 and 2017 , $10.5 million and $9.7 million , respectively, of these loans have been performing in accordance with their modified terms for an extended period of time and as such were removed from nonaccrual status and considered performing. As of December 31, 2018 , interest income of $543,000 was recorded on impaired loans related to accruing TDRs. Credit Quality Indicators Management uses a nine point internal risk rating system to monitor the credit quality of the loans in the Company's commercial real estate, construction and commercial and industrial loan segments. The borrower's overall financial condition, repayment sources, guarantors and value of collateral, if appropriate, are evaluated annually or when credit deficiencies, such as delinquent loan payments, arise. The criticized rating categories utilized by management generally follow bank regulatory definitions. The Bank's rating categories are as follows: 1 – 5: The first five risk rating categories are considered not criticized, and are aggregated as "Pass" rated. 6: "Special Mention" category includes assets that are currently protected, but are potentially weak, resulting in increased credit risk and deserving management's close attention. If uncorrected, the potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects. 7: "Substandard" loans have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt and have a distinct possibility that some loss will be sustained if the weaknesses are not corrected. This includes loans that are inadequately protected by the current sound net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. 8: "Doubtful" loans have all the weaknesses inherent in loans classified "Substandard" with the added characteristic that collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of current conditions and facts, is highly improbable. 9: "Loss" loans are considered uncollectible and subsequently charged off. The following table presents the classes of the loans receivable portfolio summarized by the aggregate "Pass" and the criticized categories of "Special Mention", "Substandard", "Doubtful" and "Loss" within the internal risk rating system as of December 31, 2018 and 2017 : As of December 31, 2018 Pass Special Mention Substandard Doubtful Loss Total (In thousands) Commercial and multi-family real estate $ 209,206 $ 1,367 $ 1,717 $ — $ — $ 212,290 Construction 18,905 — — — — 18,905 Commercial and industrial 108,025 69 419 — — 108,513 Total $ 336,136 $ 1,367 $ 1,717 $ — $ — $ 339,708 As of December 31, 2017 Pass Special Mention Substandard Doubtful Loss Total (In thousands) Commercial and multi-family real estate $ 193,982 $ 1,415 $ 1,033 $ — $ — $ 196,430 Construction 23,803 — — — — 23,803 Commercial and industrial 72,962 182 228 — — 73,372 Total $ 290,747 $ 1,415 $ 1,033 $ — $ — $ 293,605 Management further monitors the performance and credit quality of the retail portfolio by analyzing the age of the portfolio as determined by the length of time a recorded payment is past due. These credit quality indicators are assessed in the aggregate in these relatively homogeneous portfolios. Loans greater than 90 days past due are generally considered nonperforming and placed on nonaccrual status. Residential mortgage Consumer Total Residential and Consumer As of December 31, 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 (In thousands) Nonperforming $ 2,884 $ 3,718 $ — $ 1 $ 2,884 $ 3,719 Performing 164,822 180,879 540 616 $ 165,362 $ 181,495 Total $ 167,706 $ 184,597 $ 540 $ 617 $ 168,246 $ 185,214 Troubled Debt Restructurings Loans whose terms are modified are classified as a TDR if, in connection with the modification, the Company grants such borrowers concessions and it is deemed that those borrowers are experiencing financial difficulty. Concessions granted under a TDR generally involve a reduction in interest rate below market rates given the associated credit risk, or an extension of a loan's stated maturity date or capitalization of interest and/or escrow. Nonaccrual TDRs are restored to accrual status if principal and interest payments, under the modified terms, are current for six consecutive months after modification. Loans classified as TDRs are designated as impaired until they are ultimately repaid in full or foreclosed and sold. The nature and extent of impairment of TDRs, including those which experienced a subsequent default, is considered in the determination of an appropriate level of allowance for loan losses. The recorded investment balance of TDRs totaled $11.4 million at December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017 . The majority of the Company's TDRs are on accrual status and totaled $10.5 million at December 31, 2018 versus $9.7 million at December 31, 2017 . The total of TDRs on nonaccrual status was $915,000 at December 31, 2018 and $1.7 million at December 31, 2017 . For the year ended December 31, 2018 , one loan was modified into a TDR. The Company refinanced a multi-family & commercial loan that was restructured to extend the maturity date and capitalize the interest. For the year ended December 31, 2017, the terms of thirteen loans were modified into six TDRs. The Company refinanced and consolidated a one-to-four family and one home equity mortgage loan which was restructured to an adjustable interest rate from a fixed interest rate. In addition, the Company restructured a one-to-four family loan, a home equity loan and a commercial line of credit. These loans were consolidated into one one-to-four family TDR with an extended maturity date. The Company restructured a commercial loan and a multi-family real estate loan into one TDR and extended the maturity date. The Company refinanced and consolidated a one-to-four family loan and three commercial loans into a multi-family and commercial loan with an adjustable interest rate from a fixed interest rate. In addition, the Company refinanced a one-to-four family loan and capitalized the interest. The Company restructured one commercial loan and extended the maturity date. The following tables summarize by class loans modified into TDRs during the year ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 : Year Ended Number of Contracts Pre-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investments Post-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investments (Dollars in thousands) Residential Mortgage One-to-four family — $ — $ — Home equity — — — Commercial and multi-family real estate 1 374 392 Commercial — — — Total 1 $ 374 $ 392 Year Ended Number of Contracts Pre-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investments Post-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investments (Dollars in thousands) Residential Mortgage One-to-four family 4 $ 1,019 $ 1,283 Home equity 2 99 — Commercial and multi-family real estate 1 419 661 Commercial 6 315 32 Total 13 $ 1,852 $ 1,976 A loan is considered to be in payment default once it is 90 days contractually past due under the modified terms. There were no loans modified in TDRs during the previous 12 months and for which there was a subsequent payment default for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 . |