Investments | INVESTMENTS (A) Investment Income The major components of net investment income are as follows: Years Ended December 31, 2016 2015 2014 (In thousands) Gross investment income: Debt and equity securities $ 416,638 416,633 410,809 Mortgage loans 7,964 10,274 9,847 Policy loans 3,700 3,938 4,252 Derivative gains (losses) 28,364 (61,750 ) 68,616 Money market investments 668 197 401 Other investment income 11,432 10,939 12,591 Total investment income 468,766 380,231 506,516 Less investment expenses 1,092 1,117 1,086 Net investment income $ 467,674 379,114 505,430 (B) Mortgage Loans and Real Estate A financing receivable is a contractual right to receive money on demand or on fixed or determinable dates that is recognized as an asset in a company’s statement of financial position. The Company’s mortgage, participation and mezzanine loans on real estate are the only financing receivables included in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. In general, the Company originates loans on high quality, income-producing properties such as shopping centers, freestanding retail stores, office buildings, industrial and sales or service facilities, selected apartment buildings, motels, and health care facilities. The location of these properties is typically in major metropolitan areas that offer a potential for property value appreciation. Credit and default risk is minimized through strict underwriting guidelines and diversification of underlying property types and geographic locations. In addition to being secured by the property, mortgage loans with leases on the underlying property are often guaranteed by the lease payments and also by the borrower. This approach has proven to result in quality mortgage loans with few defaults. Mortgage loan interest income is recognized on an accrual basis with any premium or discount amortized over the life of the loan. Prepayment and late fees are recorded on the date of collection. The Company requires a minimum specified yield on mortgage loan investments determined by reference to currently available debt security instrument yields, plus a desired amount of incremental basis points. During the past several years, the low interest rate environment has resulted in fewer loan opportunities being available that meet the Company's required rate of return. However, the Company made a concerted effort to grow this part of its investment portfolio during 2016. Mortgage loans originated by the Company totaled $84.6 million and $38.5 million for the years 2016 and 2015 , respectively. Loans in foreclosure, loans considered impaired or loans past due 90 days or more are placed on a non-accrual status. If a mortgage loan is determined to be on non-accrual status, the mortgage loan does not accrue any revenue into the Consolidated Statements of Earnings. The loan is independently monitored and evaluated as to potential impairment or foreclosure. If delinquent payments are made and the loan is brought current, then the Company returns the loan to active status and accrues income accordingly. The Company has no loans past due 90 days which are accruing interest. The Company's direct investments in real estate are not a significant portion of its total investment portfolio as most of these investments were acquired through mortgage loan foreclosures. The Company also participates in several real estate joint ventures and limited partnerships that invest primarily in income-producing retail properties. These investments have generally served to enhance the Company's overall investment portfolio returns. The Company held net investments in mortgage loans totaling $174.5 million and $108.3 million at December 31, 2016 and 2015 , respectively. The diversification of the portfolio by geographic region, property type, and loan-to-value ratio was as follows: December 31, 2016 December 31, 2015 Amount % Amount % (In thousands) (In thousands) Mortgage Loans by Geographic Region: West South Central $ 102,531 58.5 $ 58,002 53.2 East North Central 26,717 15.3 18,477 17.0 South Atlantic 14,130 8.1 3,047 2.8 New England 11,488 6.6 11,830 10.9 Pacific 9,872 5.6 10,101 9.3 East South Central 6,512 3.7 5,818 5.3 Middle Atlantic 2,288 1.3 — — Mountain 1,646 0.9 1,686 1.5 Gross balance 175,184 100.0 108,961 100.0 Allowance for possible losses (650 ) (0.4 ) (650 ) (0.6 ) Totals $ 174,534 99.6 $ 108,311 99.4 December 31, 2016 December 31, 2015 Amount % Amount % (In thousands) (In thousands) Mortgage Loans by Property Type: Retail $ 89,947 51.3 $ 66,237 60.8 Office 57,095 32.6 22,941 21.0 Hotel/Motel 9,708 5.6 1,513 1.4 Land/Lots 4,946 2.8 4,445 4.1 All other 13,488 7.7 13,825 12.7 Gross balance 175,184 100.0 108,961 100.0 Allowance for possible losses (650 ) (0.4 ) (650 ) (0.6 ) Totals $ 174,534 99.6 $ 108,311 99.4 December 31, 2016 December 31, 2015 Amount % Amount % (In thousands) (In thousands) Mortgage Loans by Loan-to-Value Ratio (1): Less than 50% $ 54,783 31.3 $ 64,986 59.7 50% to 60% 12,946 7.4 9,714 8.9 60% to 70% 76,959 43.9 10,134 9.3 70% to 80% 6,192 3.5 4,843 4.4 80% to 90% 18,688 10.7 19,284 17.7 Greater than 90% 5,616 3.2 — — Gross balance 175,184 100.0 108,961 100.0 Allowance for possible losses (650 ) (0.4 ) (650 ) (0.6 ) Totals $ 174,534 99.6 $ 108,311 99.4 (1) Loan-to-Value Ratio using the most recent appraised value. Appraisals are required at the time of funding and may be updated if a material change occurs from the original loan agreement. The greater than 90% category is related to loans made with a long standing borrower which are backed by the investment property, contracted leases and the guarantee of the borrower. All mortgage loans are analyzed quarterly in order to monitor the financial quality of these assets. Based on ongoing monitoring, mortgage loans with a likelihood of becoming delinquent are identified and placed on an internal “watch list”. Among the criteria that would indicate a potential problem are: major tenant vacancies or bankruptcies, late payments, and loan relief/restructuring requests. The mortgage loan portfolio is analyzed for the need for a valuation allowance on any loan that is on the internal watch list, in the process of foreclosure or that currently has a valuation allowance. Mortgage loans are considered impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. When it is determined that a loan is impaired, a loss is recognized for the difference between the carrying amount of the mortgage loan and the estimated value reduced by the cost to sell. Estimated value is typically based on the loan’s observable market price or the fair value of the collateral less cost to sell. Impairments and changes in the valuation allowance are reported in net realized capital gains (losses) in the Consolidated Statements of Earnings. The Company recognized no valuation losses for the years ended December 31, 2016 , 2015 and 2014 , respectively. The current mortgage loan valuation allowance represents a general valuation allowance established for the Company's mortgage loan portfolio based upon the Company's loss experience over the past ten years and is not specifically identified to individual loans. Impairments are based on information which indicated that the Company may not collect all amounts in accordance with the mortgage agreement. While the Company closely monitors its mortgage loan portfolio, future changes in economic conditions can result in impairments beyond those currently identified. The following table represents the mortgage loan allowance for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 : 2016 2015 (In thousands) Balance, beginning of period $ 650 650 Provision — — Releases — — Balance, end of period $ 650 650 The Company does not recognize interest income on loans past due 90 days or more. The Company had no mortgage loan past due six months or more at December 31, 2016 , 2015 and 2014 . There was no interest income not recognized in 2016 , 2015 and 2014 . The contractual maturities of mortgage loan principal balances at December 31, 2016 and 2015 were as follows: December 31, 2016 December 31, 2015 Amount % Amount % (In thousands) (In thousands) Principal Balance by Contractual Maturity: Due in one year or less $ 21,595 12.3 $ 7,950 7.3 Due after one year through five years 36,159 20.6 24,236 22.1 Due after five years through ten years 99,391 56.5 50,431 46.1 Due after ten years through fifteen years 7,200 4.1 7,500 6.9 Due after fifteen years 11,488 6.5 19,284 17.6 Totals $ 175,833 100.0 $ 109,401 100.0 The Company's direct investments in real estate investments are not a significant portion of its total investment portfolio. These investments totaled approximately $31.8 million at December 31, 2016 and $16.3 million at December 31, 2015 , and consist primarily of income-producing properties which are being operated by a wholly-owned subsidiary of National Western. The Company’s real estate holdings are reflected in other long-term investments in the accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements. The Company records real estate at the lower of cost or fair value less estimated cost to sell, which is determined on an individual asset basis. The Company recognized operating income on these properties of approximately $2.6 million , $1.8 million and $1.7 million for the years ended December 31, 2016 , 2015 and 2014 , respectively. The Company had real estate investments that were non-income producing for the preceding twelve months totaling $0.2 million , $0.9 million and $0.9 million at December 31, 2016 , 2015 and 2014 , respectively. The Company monitors the conditions and market values of these properties on a regular basis and makes repairs and capital improvements to keep the properties in good condition. The Company recorded net realized investment gains on disposals of $2.9 million , $0.0 million and $1.0 million associated with these real estate investments in the years ended December 31, 2016 , 2015 and 2014 , respectively. The net realized investment gain on disposed properties in 2016 were located in Brazoria County (Texas), Ruidoso, New Mexico, and Austin, Texas. The realized gains in 2014 were due to disposed properties located in Steubenville, Ohio, Houston, Texas, and Freeport, Texas. During the year ended 2016 the Company purchased two properties, one located in Cypress, Texas and the other in Tupelo, Mississippi for a total of $16.8 million . (C) Debt and Equity Securities The table below presents amortized costs and fair values of securities held to maturity at December 31, 2016 . Securities Held to Maturity Amortized Cost Gross Unrealized Gains Gross Unrealized Losses Fair Value (In thousands) Debt securities: U.S. Treasury $ 1,333 235 — 1,568 States and political subdivisions 456,069 22,697 (2,841 ) 475,925 Public utilities 1,087,176 36,904 (3,133 ) 1,120,947 Corporate 4,237,029 116,720 (29,701 ) 4,324,048 Residential mortgage-backed 1,367,270 42,345 (6,468 ) 1,403,147 Home equity 8,826 1,462 — 10,288 Manufactured housing 1,556 132 — 1,688 Totals $ 7,159,259 220,495 (42,143 ) 7,337,611 The table below presents amortized costs and fair values of securities available for sale at December 31, 2016 . Securities Available for Sale Amortized Cost Gross Unrealized Gains Gross Unrealized Losses Fair Value (In thousands) Debt securities: States and political subdivisions $ 580 — (6 ) 574 Foreign governments 9,956 380 — 10,336 Public utilities 127,181 4,745 (232 ) 131,694 Corporate 2,802,852 80,414 (22,603 ) 2,860,663 Residential mortgage-backed 27,110 2,137 (91 ) 29,156 Home equity 9,341 286 — 9,627 Manufactured housing — — — — 2,977,020 87,962 (22,932 ) 3,042,050 Equity securities 14,022 4,657 (366 ) 18,313 Totals $ 2,991,042 92,619 (23,298 ) 3,060,363 The table below presents amortized costs and fair values of securities held to maturity at December 31, 2015 . Securities Held to Maturity Amortized Cost Gross Unrealized Gains Gross Unrealized Losses Fair Value (In thousands) Debt securities: U.S. agencies $ 15,019 275 — 15,294 U.S. Treasury 1,927 317 — 2,244 States and political subdivisions 435,941 29,129 (662 ) 464,408 Public utilities 1,044,063 42,271 (6,621 ) 1,079,713 Corporate 4,160,628 114,920 (72,913 ) 4,202,635 Residential mortgage-backed 1,503,021 59,013 (6,227 ) 1,555,807 Home equity 11,047 1,701 — 12,748 Manufactured housing 2,321 266 — 2,587 Totals $ 7,173,967 247,892 (86,423 ) 7,335,436 The table below presents amortized costs and fair values of securities available for sale at December 31, 2015 . Securities Available for Sale Amortized Cost Gross Unrealized Gains Gross Unrealized Losses Fair Value (In thousands) Debt securities: States and political subdivisions $ 586 — (34 ) 552 Foreign governments 9,947 408 — 10,355 Public utilities 129,980 5,354 (775 ) 134,559 Corporate 2,635,536 73,132 (54,503 ) 2,654,165 Residential mortgage-backed 36,463 3,103 — 39,566 Home equity 20,123 825 (12 ) 20,936 Manufactured housing 1,063 26 — 1,089 2,833,698 82,848 (55,324 ) 2,861,222 Equity securities 13,716 4,797 (152 ) 18,361 Totals $ 2,847,414 87,645 (55,476 ) 2,879,583 The Company's investment policy is to invest in high quality securities with the primary intention of holding these securities until the stated maturity. As such, the portfolio has exposure to interest rate risk, which is the risk that funds are invested today at a market interest rate and in the future interest rates rise causing the current market price on that investment to be lower. This risk is not a significant factor relative to the Company's buy and hold portfolio, since the original intention was to receive the stated interest rate and principal at maturity to match liability requirements to policyholders. Also, the Company takes steps to manage these risks. For example, the Company purchases the type of mortgage-backed securities that have more predictable cash flow patterns. In addition, the Company is exposed to credit risk which is continually monitored. Credit risk is the risk that an issuer of a security will not be able to fulfill their obligations relative to a security payment schedule. The Company reviewed pertinent information for all issuers in an unrealized loss position at December 31, 2016 including market pricing history, credit ratings, analyst reports, as well as data provided by the issuers themselves. The Company then made a determination on each specific issuer relating to other-than-temporary impairment. For the securities that have not been impaired at December 31, 2016 , the Company intends to hold these securities until recovery in fair value and expects to receive all amounts due relative to principal and interest. The Company held below investment grade debt securities totaling $179.5 million and $160.8 million at December 31, 2016 and 2015 , respectively. These amounts represent 1.7% and 1.6% of total invested assets for December 31, 2016 and 2015 , respectively. Below investment grade holdings are the result of downgrades subsequent to purchase, as the Company only invests in high quality securities with ratings quoted as investment grade. Below investment grade securities generally have greater default risk than higher rated corporate debt. The issuers of these securities are usually more sensitive to adverse industry or economic conditions than are investment grade issuers. For the year ended December 31, 2016 , the Company recorded net realized gains totaling $13.1 million related to the disposition of investment securities. The net realized gains included no losses for other-than-temporary impairment write-downs on investments. For the years ended December 2015 and 2014 , the Company recorded net realized gains totaling $7.2 million and $11.6 million , respectively, related to disposition of securities. The following table shows the gross unrealized losses and fair values of the Company's held to maturity investments by investment category and length of time the individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position at December 31, 2016 . Securities Held to Maturity Less than 12 Months 12 Months or Greater Total Fair Value Unrealized Losses Fair Value Unrealized Losses Fair Value Unrealized Losses (In thousands) Debt securities: State and political subdivisions $ 80,507 (2,841 ) — — 80,507 (2,841 ) Public utilities 162,587 (3,133 ) — — 162,587 (3,133 ) Corporate 1,063,194 (22,867 ) 179,113 (6,834 ) 1,242,307 (29,701 ) Residential mortgage-backed 274,045 (5,989 ) 8,943 (479 ) 282,988 (6,468 ) Total temporarily impaired securities $ 1,580,333 (34,830 ) 188,056 (7,313 ) 1,768,389 (42,143 ) The following table shows the gross unrealized losses and fair values of the Company's available for sale investments by investment category and length of time the individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position at December 31, 2016 . Securities Available For Sale Less than 12 Months 12 Months or Greater Total Fair Value Unrealized Losses Fair Value Unrealized Losses Fair Value Unrealized Losses (In thousands) Debt securities: State and political subdivisions $ 574 (6 ) — — 574 (6 ) Public utilities 10,765 (232 ) — — 10,765 (232 ) Corporate 680,988 (16,427 ) 106,969 (6,176 ) 787,957 (22,603 ) Residential mortgage-backed 1,292 (91 ) — — 1,292 (91 ) Home equity — — — — — — 693,619 (16,756 ) 106,969 (6,176 ) 800,588 (22,932 ) Equity securities 4,154 (305 ) 422 (61 ) 4,576 (366 ) Total temporarily impaired securities $ 697,773 (17,061 ) 107,391 (6,237 ) 805,164 (23,298 ) The Company does not consider securities to be other-than-temporarily impaired where the market decline is attributable to factors such as market volatility, liquidity, spread widening and credit quality where we anticipate a recovery of all amounts due under the contractual terms of the security and have the intent and ability to hold until recovery or maturity. Based on review in concert with the Company’s ability and intent to hold these securities until maturity, the Company does not consider these investments to be other-than-temporarily impaired at December 31, 2016 . The Company will monitor the investment portfolio for future changes in issuer facts and circumstances that could result in future impairments beyond those currently identified. Debt securities. The gross unrealized losses for debt securities are made up of 318 individual issues, or 23.8% of the total debt securities held by the Company. The market value of these bonds as a percent of amortized cost averages 97.5% . Of the 318 securities, 40 , or approximately 12.6% , fall in the 12 months or greater aging category; and 311 were rated investment grade at December 31, 2016 . Equity securities. The gross unrealized losses for equity securities are made up of 29 individual issues. These holdings are reviewed quarterly for impairment. None of the equity securities were other-than-temporarily impaired at December 31, 2016 , in accordance with Company policy. The following table shows the gross unrealized losses and fair values of the Company's held to maturity investments by investment category and length of time the individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position at December 31, 2015 . Securities Held to Maturity Less than 12 Months 12 Months or Greater Total Fair Value Unrealized Losses Fair Value Unrealized Losses Fair Value Unrealized Losses (In thousands) Debt securities: State and political subdivisions $ 16,763 (387 ) 8,723 (275 ) 25,486 (662 ) Public utilities 298,962 (5,953 ) 17,840 (668 ) 316,802 (6,621 ) Corporate 1,522,544 (54,295 ) 323,567 (18,618 ) 1,846,111 (72,913 ) Residential mortgage-backed 148,712 (2,726 ) 95,443 (3,501 ) 244,155 (6,227 ) Total temporarily impaired securities $ 1,986,981 (63,361 ) 445,573 (23,062 ) 2,432,554 (86,423 ) The following table shows the gross unrealized losses and fair values of the Company's available for sale investments by investment category, and length of time the individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position at December 31, 2015 . Securities Available For Sale Less than 12 Months 12 Months or Greater Total Fair Value Unrealized Losses Fair Value Unrealized Losses Fair Value Unrealized Losses (In thousands) Debt securities: State and political subdivisions $ — — 552 (34 ) 552 (34 ) Public utilities 42,093 (775 ) — — 42,093 (775 ) Corporate 843,679 (32,500 ) 151,319 (22,003 ) 994,998 (54,503 ) Home equity — — 4,823 (12 ) 4,823 (12 ) 885,772 (33,275 ) 156,694 (22,049 ) 1,042,466 (55,324 ) Equity securities 649 (124 ) 102 (28 ) 751 (152 ) Total temporarily impaired securities $ 886,421 (33,399 ) 156,796 (22,077 ) 1,043,217 (55,476 ) Unrealized losses decreased in 2016 from 2015 levels primarily as a result of price recoveries in certain sectors (i.e. oil and gas (energy) and a tightening of spreads on corporate debt securities. The Company does not consider these investments to be other-than-temporarily impaired because the Company does not intend to sell these securities until recovery in fair value and expects to receive all amounts due relative to principal and interest. The amortized cost and fair value of investments in debt securities at December 31, 2016 , by contractual maturity, are shown below. Expected maturities may differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties. Debt Securities Available for Sale Debt Securities Held to Maturity Amortized Cost Fair Value Amortized Cost Fair Value (In thousands) Due in 1 year or less $ 114,746 116,495 162,955 165,688 Due after 1 year through 5 years 953,350 1,011,700 1,765,478 1,872,300 Due after 5 years through 10 years 1,756,104 1,760,775 3,450,046 3,478,854 Due after 10 years 116,369 114,297 403,128 405,646 2,940,569 3,003,267 5,781,607 5,922,488 Mortgage and asset-backed securities 36,451 38,783 1,377,652 1,415,123 Total $ 2,977,020 3,042,050 7,159,259 7,337,611 The Company uses the specific identification method in computing realized gains and losses. The table below details the nature of realized gains and losses, excluding impairments, during the year. Years Ended December 31, 2016 2015 2014 (In thousands) Available for sale debt securities: Realized gains on disposal $ 2,644 3,378 7,795 Realized losses on disposal (29 ) (74 ) (22 ) Held to maturity debt securities: Realized gains on redemption 6,940 4,027 3,453 Realized losses on redemption (137 ) (25 ) (17 ) Equity securities realized gains 702 155 69 Real estate 2,950 — 955 Mortgage loans — — — Other — — (478 ) Totals $ 13,070 7,461 11,755 One small municipal bond was sold out of the held to maturity portfolio during 2016 due to a material deterioration in the creditworthiness of the territory it pertained to. No sales were made out of the held to maturity portfolio in 2015 and 2014. Except for the total U.S. government agency mortgage-backed securities held, the Company had no other investments in any entity in excess of 10% of stockholders' equity at December 31, 2016 or 2015 . The table below presents net impairment losses recognized in earnings for the periods indicated. Years Ended 2016 2015 2014 (In thousands) Total other-than-temporary impairment recoveries (losses) on debt securities $ 110 3,053 125 Portion recognized in comprehensive income (110 ) (3,053 ) (132 ) Net impairment losses on debt securities recognized in earnings — — (7 ) Equity securities impairments — (252 ) (143 ) Totals $ — (252 ) (150 ) For the years ended December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015 , the Company recovered $0.1 million and $3.1 million , respectively, on previously impaired asset-backed securities. The credit component of the asset-backed securities impairment was determined as the difference between amortized cost and the present value of the cash flows expected to be received, discounted at the original yield. The significant inputs used to project cash flows on asset-backed securities are estimated future prepayment rates, default rates and default loss severity. The table below presents a roll forward of credit losses on securities for which the Company also recorded non-credit other-than-temporary impairments in other comprehensive loss. Year Ended Year Ended December 31, 2016 December 31, 2015 (In thousands) Beginning balance, cumulative credit losses related to other-than-temporary impairments $ 2,278 2,298 Reductions for securities disposed during current period (838 ) (20 ) Additions for OTTI where credit losses have been previously recognized — — Ending balance, cumulative credit losses related to other-than-temporary impairments $ 1,440 2,278 (D) Net Unrealized Gains (Losses) Net unrealized gains (losses) on investment securities included in stockholders' equity at December 31, 2016 and 2015 , are as follows: December 31, 2016 2015 (In thousands) Gross unrealized gains $ 92,255 87,493 Gross unrealized losses (23,563 ) (56,064 ) Adjustments for: Deferred policy acquisition costs and sales inducements (33,909 ) (12,804 ) Deferred Federal income tax expense (12,174 ) (6,519 ) 22,609 12,106 Net unrealized gains related to securities transferred to held to maturity — — Net unrealized gains on investment securities $ 22,609 12,106 (E) Transfer of Securities For the year ended December 31, 2015, the Company transferred one security with an amortized value of $9.1 million from the held to maturity portfolio to the available for sale portfolio. The security had been downgraded to a CCC rating in the period transferred and was at risk for transitioning to a lower rating due to certain credit-related events. There were no transfers in 2016 or 2014 between held to maturity and available for sale. |