Investments | INVESTMENTS (A) Investment Income The major components of net investment income are as follows: Years Ended December 31, 2020 2019 2018 (In thousands) Gross investment income: Debt and equity securities $ 373,479 403,372 399,645 Mortgage loans 13,162 12,595 12,066 Policy loans 3,361 3,539 3,185 Derivative gains (losses) 14,754 123,207 (80,004) Short term investments 2,160 2,974 2,249 Other investment income 12,698 13,057 13,289 Total investment income 419,614 558,744 350,430 Less investment expenses 2,412 3,252 1,353 Net investment income $ 417,202 555,492 349,077 (B) Mortgage Loans and Real Estate A financing receivable is a contractual right to receive money on demand or on fixed or determinable dates that is recognized as an asset in a company’s statement of financial position. The Company’s mortgage, participation and mezzanine loans on real estate are the only financing receivables included in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. In general, the Company originates loans on high quality, income-producing properties such as shopping centers, freestanding retail stores, office buildings, industrial and sales or service facilities, selected apartment buildings, hotels, and health care facilities. The location of these properties is typically in major metropolitan areas that offer a potential for property value appreciation. Credit and default risk is minimized through strict underwriting guidelines and diversification of underlying property types and geographic locations. In addition to being secured by the property, mortgage loans with leases on the underlying property are often guaranteed by the lease payments. This approach has proven to result in quality mortgage loans with few defaults. Mortgage loan interest income is recognized on an accrual basis with any premium or discount amortized over the life of the loan. Prepayment and late fees are recorded on the date of collection. The Company targets a minimum specified yield on mortgage loan investments determined by reference to currently available debt security instrument yields plus a desired amount of incremental basis points. During the past several years, the low interest rate environment, a competitive marketplace, and in 2020 the COVID-19 pandemic, resulted in fewer loan opportunities being available that met the Company's required rate of return. Mortgage loans originated by the Company totaled $80.2 million and $121.4 million for the years 2020 and 2019, respectively. Loans in foreclosure, loans considered impaired or loans past due 90 days or more are placed on a non-accrual status. If a mortgage loan is determined to be on non-accrual status, the mortgage loan does not accrue any revenue into the Consolidated Statements of Earnings. The loan is independently monitored and evaluated as to potential impairment or foreclosure. If delinquent payments are made and the loan is brought current, then the Company returns the loan to active status and accrues income accordingly. The Company has no loans past due 90 days which are accruing interest. In 2020, the pandemic crisis caused various mortgage loan borrowers to request a temporary forbearance of principal payments on loans for a period of three to nine months. During 2020, there we re eight loans representing an aggregate principal balance of $29.2 million with borrowers meeting specified criteria of the Com pany that forbearance terms were agreed to. At December 31, 2020, only one of these loans with a principal balance of $4.7 million remained in forbearance. The Company held net investments in mortgage loans, after allowances for credit losses, totaling $332.5 million and $272.4 million at December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The diversification of the portfolio by geographic region, property type, and loan-to-value ratio was as follows: December 31, 2020 December 31, 2019 Amount % Amount % (In thousands) (In thousands) Mortgage Loans by Geographic Region: West South Central $ 201,501 60.1 $ 191,089 70.0 East North Central 16,478 4.9 17,248 6.3 South Atlantic 51,857 15.5 35,698 13.1 East South Central 27,590 8.2 8,063 2.9 West North Central 12,423 3.7 12,505 4.6 Pacific 6,228 1.9 6,436 2.4 Middle Atlantic 1,975 0.6 2,058 0.7 Mountain 16,955 5.1 — — Gross balance 335,007 100.0 273,097 100.0 Allowance for credit losses (2,486) (0.7) (675) (0.2) Totals $ 332,521 99.3 $ 272,422 99.8 December 31, 2020 December 31, 2019 Amount % Amount % (In thousands) (In thousands) Mortgage Loans by Property Type: Retail $ 92,173 27.5 $ 91,790 33.6 Office 111,735 33.3 95,362 34.9 Storage facility 53,591 16.0 30,619 11.2 Industrial 29,131 8.7 5,733 2.1 Hotel 8,372 2.5 8,997 3.3 Land/lots 4,680 1.4 4,829 1.8 Apartments 29,743 8.9 30,000 11.0 All other 5,582 1.7 5,767 2.1 Gross balance 335,007 100.0 273,097 100.0 Allowance for credit losses (2,486) (0.7) (675) (0.2) Totals $ 332,521 99.3 $ 272,422 99.8 December 31, 2020 December 31, 2019 Amount % Amount % (In thousands) (In thousands) Mortgage Loans by Loan-to-Value Ratio (1): Less than 50% $ 66,635 19.9 $ 52,778 19.3 50% to 60% 64,536 19.3 56,929 20.8 60% to 70% 153,414 45.8 117,377 43.0 70% to 80% 50,422 15.0 46,013 16.9 80% to 90% — — — — Gross balance 335,007 100.0 273,097 100.0 Allowance for credit losses (2,486) (0.7) (675) (0.2) Totals $ 332,521 99.3 $ 272,422 99.8 (1) Loan-to-Value Ratio is determined using the most recent appraised value. Appraisals are required at the time of funding and may be updated if a material change occurs from the original loan agreement. All mortgage loans are analyzed quarterly in order to monitor the financial quality of these assets. Based on ongoing monitoring, mortgage loans with a likelihood of becoming delinquent are identified and placed on an internal “watch list.” Among the criteria that would indicate a potential problem include: major tenant vacancies or bankruptcies, late payments, and loan relief/restructuring requests. The mortgage loan portfolio is analyzed for the need for a valuation allowance on any loan that is on the internal watch list, in the process of foreclosure or that currently has a valuation allowance. Prior to January 1, 2020, mortgage loans were considered impaired when, based on current information and events, it was probable that the Company would be unable to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. When it was determined that a loan was impaired, a loss was recognized for the difference between the carrying amount of the mortgage loan and the estimated value reduced by the cost to sell. Estimated value was typically based on the loan's observable market price or the fair value of the collateral less cost to sell. Impairments and changes in the valuation allowance were reported in net realized investment gains (losses) in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings. The Company held a valuation allowance of $0.7 million at December 31, 2019. As disclosed in Note (1) Summary of Significant Accounting Policies , the Company adopted new accounting guidance for credit loss recognition criteria for certain financial assets, including mortgage loans. For mortgage loan investments the Company employed the Weighted Average Remaining Maturity ("WARM") method in estimating current expected losses with respect to mortgage loan investments as of January 1, 2020 and each succeeding calendar quarter-end during 2020. The WARM method applies publicly available data of default incidence of commercial real estate properties by several defined segmentations combined with future assumptions regarding economic conditions (i.e. GDP forecasts) both in the near term and the long term. Under this new accounting guidance, at January 1, 2020 a balance of $1.2 million was recorded which incorporated the previous year-end balance under the prior accounting method. The adjustment resulted in a charge to retained earnings as a change in accounting, net of tax, of $0.4 million. Subsequent changes in the allowance for current expected credit losses were reported in net investment income in the Consolidated Statements of Earnings. The following table represents the mortgage loan allowance for credit losses. Years Ended December 31, 2020 2019 (In thousands) Mortgage Loans Allowance for Credit Losses: Balance, beginning of the period $ 675 675 Impact of adoption of new accounting guidance 504 — Provision during the period 1,307 — Releases — — Balance, end of period $ 2,486 675 The Company does not recognize interest income on loans past due 90 days or more. The Company had no mortgage loans past due six months or more at December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018. There was no interest income not recognized in 2020, 2019 or 2018. The contractual maturities of mortgage loan principal balances at December 31, 2020 and 2019 were as follows: December 31, 2020 December 31, 2019 Amount % Amount % (In thousands) (In thousands) Principal Balance by Contractual Maturity: Due in one year or less $ 4,208 1.3 $ 497 0.2 Due after one year through five years 60,826 18.1 34,306 12.5 Due after five years through ten years 154,787 46.1 142,477 52.1 Due after ten years through fifteen years 107,662 32.1 96,359 35.2 Due after fifteen years 7,977 2.4 — — Totals $ 335,460 100.0 $ 273,639 100.0 The Company's direct investments in real estate investments are not a significant portion of its total investment portfolio. These investments totaled approximately $33.8 million at December 31, 2020 and $34.6 million at December 31, 2019, and consist primarily of income-producing properties which are being operated by a wholly owned subsidiary of National Western. Included in the amount at December 31, 2020 and 2019 is a surface parking property owned by Ozark National which it contracts. The value of this real estate investment was appraised at $4.3 million at January 31, 2019 as part of the purchase accounting done as of that date. The Company’s real estate holdings are reflected in other long-term investments in the accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements. The Company records real estate at the lower of cost or fair value less estimated cost to sell, which is determined on an individual asset basis. The Company recognized operating income on these properties of approximately $2.9 million, $2.9 million and $2.2 million for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The Company had real estate investments that were non-income producing for the preceding twelve months totaling $0.4 million, $0.4 million, and $5.2 million at December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The balance at December 31, 2018 includes the Company's former home office facility which was held for sale and sold during 2019. Net real estate gains for the year ended December 31, 2020 were $2.7 million, and related to the sale of a property located in Travis County Texas. The net real estate gains for the year ended December 31, 2019 primarily pertain to the Company's sale of its nursing home operations in Reno, Nevada and San Marcos, Texas as well as a property sold located in Austin, Texas. The sale of the Reno nursing home included a gain of $5.7 million realized on the sale of the land and building associated with the operation. The sale of the San Marcos nursing home recorded a loss of $(2.0) million associated with the sale of the land and building of this operation. The sale of the Company's prior home office realized a gain on the sale of $3.2 million. The net realized investment gain in 2018 was on a sale of previously occupied home office property located in Austin, Texas adjoining the property sold in 2019. (C) Debt Securities The table below presents amortized costs and fair values of debt securities available-for-sale at December 31, 2020. Debt Securities Available-for-Sale Amortized Cost Gross Unrealized Gains Gross Unrealized Losses Fair Value Allowance for Credit Losses (In thousands) Debt securities: US government agencies $ 72,945 2,496 — 75,441 — US treasury 3,152 126 — 3,278 — States and political subdivisions 528,266 37,909 (86) 566,089 — Foreign governments 11,115 334 — 11,449 — Public utilities 831,990 77,920 — 909,910 — Corporate 7,376,104 727,470 (4,601) 8,098,973 — Commercial mortgage-backed 30,108 1,363 — 31,471 — Residential mortgage-backed 902,974 50,970 (156) 953,788 — Asset-backed 117,889 2,635 — 120,524 — Totals $ 9,874,543 901,223 (4,843) 10,770,923 — The table below presents amortized costs and fair values of debt securities held-to-maturity at December 31, 2019. Debt Securities Held-to-Maturity Amortized Cost Gross Unrealized Gains Gross Unrealized Losses Fair Value (In thousands) Debt securities: U.S. agencies $ 100,910 1,686 — 102,596 U.S. Treasury 3,782 140 — 3,922 States and political subdivisions 431,433 19,440 (84) 450,789 Foreign governments 1,144 55 — 1,199 Public utilities 888,444 36,638 (83) 924,999 Corporate 4,607,826 212,281 (718) 4,819,389 Commercial mortgage-backed 3,032 52 — 3,084 Residential mortgage-backed 1,066,899 32,706 (716) 1,098,889 Asset-backed 2,775 62 (1) 2,836 Totals $ 7,106,245 303,060 (1,602) 7,407,703 The table below presents amortized costs and fair values of debt securities available-for-sale at December 31, 2019. Debt Securities Available-for-Sale Amortized Cost Gross Unrealized Gains Gross Unrealized Losses Fair Value (In thousands) Debt securities: States and political subdivisions $ 98,037 4,495 (3) 102,529 Foreign governments 9,983 203 — 10,186 Public utilities 67,895 3,476 — 71,371 Corporate 2,921,431 141,705 (2,479) 3,060,657 Commercial mortgage-backed 28,871 1,071 — 29,942 Residential mortgage-backed 12,815 1,077 (117) 13,775 Asset-backed 67,088 1,397 — 68,485 Totals $ 3,206,120 153,424 (2,599) 3,356,945 The Company's investment policy is to invest in high quality securities with the primary intention of holding these securities until the stated maturity. As such, the portfolio has exposure to interest rate risk, which is the risk that funds are invested today at a market interest rate and in the future interest rates rise causing the current market price on that investment to be lower. This risk is not a significant factor relative to the Company's buy and hold portfolio, since the intention is to receive the stated interest rate and principal at maturity to match liability requirements to policyholders. The Company manages these risks, for example, by purchasing mortgage-backed securities types that have more predictable cash flow patterns. The Company held below investment grade debt securities totaling $303.5 million and $83.7 million at December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. These amounts represent 2.7% and 0.8% of total invested assets for December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Below investment grade holdings are the result of credit rating downgrades subsequent to purchase, as the Company only invests in high quality securities with ratings quoted as investment grade. Below investment grade securities generally have greater default risk than higher rated corporate debt. The issuers of these securities are usually more sensitive to adverse industry or economic conditions than are investment grade issuers. For the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company recorded net realized gains totaling $21.1 million related to the disposition of investment securities and real estate. For the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company recorded net realized gains totaling $6.2 million and $8.4 million, respectively, related to disposition of securities. Debt securities balances at December 31, 2020 and 2019 include Ozark National holdings of $0.0 million and $307.2 million in held-to-maturity and $811.6 million and $415.7 million in available-for-sale, respectively. As part of the acquisition of Ozark National effective January 31, 2019 the Company employed purchase accounting procedures in accordance with GAAP which revalued the acquired investment portfolio to their fair values as of the date of the acquisition. These fair values became the book values for Ozark National from that point going forward. Accordingly, unrealized gains and losses for the Ozark National debt securities represent the changes subsequent to the purchase accounting book values established at January 31, 2019. The following table shows the gross unrealized losses and fair values of the Company's available-for-sale investments by investment category and length of time the individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position at December 31, 2020. Debt Securities Available-For-Sale Less than 12 Months 12 Months or Greater Total Fair Value Unrealized Losses Fair Value Unrealized Losses Fair Value Unrealized Losses (In thousands) Debt securities: States and political subdivisions $ — — 1,762 (86) 1,762 (86) Public utilities — — — — — — Corporate bonds 174,252 (3,836) 36,152 (765) 210,404 (4,601) Residential mortgage-backed — — 500 (156) 500 (156) Total $ 174,252 (3,836) 38,414 (1,007) 212,666 (4,843) The following table shows the gross unrealized losses and fair values of the Company's held-to-maturity investments by investment category and length of time the individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position at December 31, 2019. Debt Securities Held-to-Maturity Less than 12 Months 12 Months or Greater Total Fair Value Unrealized Losses Fair Value Unrealized Losses Fair Value Unrealized Losses (In thousands) Debt securities: States and political subdivisions $ 5,013 (33) 1,712 (51) 6,725 (84) Public utilities 2,345 (83) — — 2,345 (83) Corporate bonds 31,419 (337) 17,191 (381) 48,610 (718) Residential mortgage-backed 25,859 (63) 43,498 (653) 69,357 (716) Asset-backed 1,349 (1) — — 1,349 (1) Total $ 65,985 (517) 62,401 (1,085) 128,386 (1,602) The following table shows the gross unrealized losses and fair values of the Company's available-for-sale investments by investment category, and length of time the individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position at December 31, 2019. Debt Securities Available-For-Sale Less than 12 Months 12 Months or Greater Total Fair Unrealized Fair Unrealized Fair Unrealized (In thousands) Debt securities: States and political subdivisions $ 470 (3) — — 470 (3) Public utilities — — — — — — Corporate bonds 40,080 (105) 28,582 (2,374) 68,662 (2,479) Residential mortgage-backed — — 710 (117) 710 (117) Total $ 40,550 (108) 29,292 (2,491) 69,842 (2,599) Unrealized losses decreased in 2020 from 2019 amounts primarily as a result of a decrease in market interest rate levels during 2020. The amortized cost and fair value of investments in debt securities at December 31, 2020, by contractual maturity, are shown below. Expected maturities may differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties. Debt Securities Available-for-Sale Amortized Cost Fair Value (In thousands) Due in 1 year or less $ 686,634 695,720 Due after 1 year through 5 years 4,357,824 4,683,122 Due after 5 years through 10 years 2,441,991 2,755,827 Due after 10 years 1,337,123 1,530,471 8,823,572 9,665,140 Mortgage and asset-backed securities 1,050,971 1,105,783 Total before allowance for credit losses 9,874,543 10,770,923 Allowance for credit losses — — Total $ 9,874,543 10,770,923 The Company uses the specific identification method in computing realized gains and losses. The table below details the nature of realized gains and losses, excluding impairments, during the year. Years Ended December 31, 2020 2019 2018 (In thousands) Available-for-sale debt securities: Realized gains on disposal $ 5,677 3,798 3,447 Realized losses on disposal — (1,011) (6) Held-to-maturity debt securities: Realized gains on redemption 12,734 4,390 3,208 Realized losses on redemption (1) — — Real estate 2,661 6,911 1,799 Mortgage loans — — (25) Other — — — Totals $ 21,071 14,088 8,423 No sales were made out of the held-to-maturity portfolio in 2020, 2019 or 2018. Except for the total U.S. government agency mortgage-backed securities held, the Company had no other investments in any entity in excess of 10.0% of stockholders' equity at December 31, 2020 or 2019. As disclosed in Note (1) Summary of Significant Accounting Policies , the Company adopted new accounting guidance as of January 1, 2020 for credit loss recognition of certain financial assets, including debt securities classified in the held-to-maturity category. The Company employs a cohort cumulative loss rate method in estimating current expected credit losses with respect to its held-to-maturity debt securities. This method applies publicly available industry wide statistics of default incidence by defined segmentations of debt security investments combined with future assumptions regarding economic conditions (i.e. GDP forecasts) both in the near term and the long term. The Company utilizes Moody's loss rates by industry type and credit ratings and applies them to each major bond category. These bond categories are further segmented by credit ratings and by maturities of two years and less and more than two years. The following table presents the allowance for credit losses for December 31, 2020. December 31, 2020 Debt Securities Held-to-Maturity Debt Securities Available-for- Sale (In thousands) Balance, beginning of period $ — — Impact of adoption of new accounting guidance 3,334 — (Releases)/provision during period (3,334) — Balance, end of period $ — — Provisions to and releases from the allowance for credit losses are recorded in net investment income in the Consolidated Statements of Earnings. Previous accounting guidance required the Company to review its portfolio for potential other-than-temporary impairments which would require that affected securities be written down to an adjusted cost basis with the amount of the writedown recorded as part of net realized gains and losses in the Consolidated Statements of Earnings. The Company determines current expected credit losses for available-for-sale debt securities in accordance with FASB ASC Subtopic 326-30 when fair value is less than amortized cost, interest payments are missed and the security is experiencing credit issues. At December 31, 2020, the Company performed additional analyses on certain available-for-sale securities whose market values were negatively impacted by the change in the economic environment precipitated by the COVID-19 pandemic crisis. Based on its review, the Company determined none of these investments required an allowance for credit loss at December 31, 2020. Under the previous guidance, debt securities were not considered to be other-than-temporarily impaired when a decline in market value was attributable to factors such as market volatility, liquidity, spread widening and credit quality in which it was anticipated that a recovery of all amounts due under the contractual terms of the security would occur and the Company had the intent and ability to hold the security until recovery or maturity. There was a $7.8 million other-than-temporary impairment recorded on a single debt security during the year ended December 31, 2019. The Company's operating procedures include monitoring the investment portfolio on an ongoing basis for any changes in issuer facts and circumstances that might lead to future need for a credit loss allowance. (D) Net Unrealized Gains (Losses) Net unrealized gains (losses) on investment securities included in stockholders' equity at December 31, 2020 and 2019, are as follows: December 31, 2020 2019 (In thousands) Gross unrealized gains $ 901,222 153,417 Gross unrealized losses (4,843) (2,603) Adjustments for: Deferred policy acquisition costs and sales inducements (366,327) (61,372) Deferred Federal income tax expense (111,311) (18,783) 418,741 70,659 Net unrealized gains related to securities transferred to held-to-maturity — — Net unrealized gains (losses) on investment securities $ 418,741 70,659 (E) Transfer of Securities |